USA > New York > Queens County > History of Queens County, New York : with illustrations, portraits, and sketches of prominent families and individuals. > Part 46
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The more quiet Whigs were not disturbed. They took the oath of allegiance to the crown, signed a paper of submission, and prayed to be restored to the royal favor, and wore a red ribbon on their liats.
224
HISTORY OF QUEENS COUNTY.
Some Whigs who did not come promptly forward and get a protection paper from the British general were in- formed against by their malicious neighbors, and hurried off to the provost prison in New York, where, by the in- humanity of Cunningham, the provost marshal, they suf- fered great privations, and some even died.
All Whigs were notified that if they expected any in- dulgence from the crown they must make proof of their attachment to the royal cause by supplying fresh pro- visions, cattle, grain, etc., for the army.
Several of the more active loyalists of Jamaica made offers of their services to the British, and were sent into Suffolk county to collect wagons and horses, livestock, forage and the like for Howe's army. Among these were Joshua and Hope Mills.
In the summer season the British troops were out on expeditions to various places on the mainland, as to Con- necticut, New Jersey, the Carolinas, Georgia, etc .; but
Billeting is so called from the billet or ticket that the soldiers exhibited to the master of the house, as their warrant to occupy a part of it.
The higher officers had a house to themselves, es- pecially one that had been deserted by its Whig owner. Thus General Skinner had the house of Rev. Mr. Ketel- tas; Rev. Mr. Bowden occupied the Dutch parsonage. Among British officers who were quartered in Jamaica were General Oliver Delancy, who had command of all the island; General Tryon, Lord Rawdon, Sir William Erskine, and Lord Cornwallis. The English officers ex- pected the utmost reverence from all who came into their presence. If a farmer should meet one in the street and forget to pull off his hat he might expect a caning.
In the fall of 1780 one Captain Crow, a British half- pay officer, sent his servant to Derick Amberman's mill for some flour. The miller, half joking, bid the servant tell his master to send the money with his bag next time as he could trust him no longer. This message so en- raged the officer that he at once mounted his horse and rode to the mill, and calling the miller out beat him on the head with a loaded whip till he fell to the earth,
Jamaica, being somewhat central, was usually the head- when a brother officer ran him through with a sword. | quarters of the British commandants of Long Island, While this assault was going on a wagon came along Gen. Oliver Delancey, Tryon and others. with several people in it, who would have assisted the miller, but the officer bid thern in the king's name to stand; and such was their timidity that they dared not lift a hand to help him. The miller died of his wounds.
Soldiers were billeted in almost every house in Jamaica.
When they had behaved well, had not stolen too much, and had treated the farmers civilly, a parting address was often presented them.
Though the farmers and laboring classes had to live frugally and on homely fare, different was it with the British officers. They spent their money freely and loved good eating and drinking. A little boy once got a dol- lar for a quart of strawberries. A fat turkey would fetch a guinea, a quarter of veal half a "Joe," eggs 6 pence a piece. Here is a note from an officer to a farmer:
"SIR: If you can get me a good quarter of veal, or a good pig, or half a dozen good chickens, pray do so, for I can't live on salt meat every day; and you'll oblige COR'S VAN HORNE." yours,
The standing toast at an officer's table was " a long and a moderate war."
The out-door amusements were fox-hunting, shooting in the winter they quartered on Long Island, and Janiaica | grouse and other game, horse-racing, cricket matches, had her full share. Huts were dug into the hillsides north of the village, and covered with boards, thatch and sods. hurling matches, billiards, cards, etc. They indulged in music also, for we read of pianos, harpsichords, or- gans, etc., besides military bands.
Some soldiers were billeted on the householders. The Some of the officers had their ladies with them; others first notice they had was. " Madam, we have come to married American girls. Some of the common soldiers take a billet on your house," and they chalked on the door the number of soldiers each house must receive; usually about half the house was taken. Then, to save fences, the owner must keep a big wood pile at the door, for soldiers were very handy with their hatchets, and would convert fencing stuff into fuel without hesitation. brought their wives with them from the old country, es- pecially the Hessians and Scotch. Their children were baptized in the Presbyterian church. On one occasion the sexton had forgotten to have the water ready and was going to get some, when the mother pulled a bottle out of her pocket and said, " Here's water." This was poured into the baptismal basin.
In 1780, 1781 and 1782 each town was required to furnish able-bodied horses for the army. The horses were brought to Jamaica, delivered to the commissary general, and after inspection and valuation paid for.
As there were many refugees from the mainland with- out employ, recruiting offices were from time to time opened in Jamaica.
1777, September Ist .- " The people of the little town of Jamaica have contributed £219 to encourage the raising of a new corps to be commanded by Col. Fan- ning."
1778, May 2 .- " All gentlemen volunteers who are dis- posed to serve His Majesty in Capt. Kinlock's troop of light dragoons are desired to repair to his quarters at Jamaica, where they will find a horse, clothing and ac- coutrements, and enter on the same pay with British dra- goons."
1779, November 3d .- " Loyal refugees are now recruit- ing at Betts's tavern, Jamaica, by Abraham C. Cuyler, who is authorized to raise a battalion of 600 men."
The street was patrolled day and night, so that strag- glers, deserters and runaway negroes were liable to be arrested and brought before the commandant for exami- nation.
Persons traveling without passes were liable to be ar-
225
JAMAICA VILLAGE IN BRITISH HANDS.
rested by the British patrols. Hence when an officer impressed a farmer to go on any errand or business for him he gave him a pass. The following is a sample:
" JAMAICA, 29th Aug. 1776.
" Permit Isaac Bennet to pass and repass without molestation.
WILL. ERSKINE, Brig. Gen."
About 4,500 cords of wood were annually required of Queens county for the use of the British army in and about New York.
While the British officers were in Jamaica every occa- sion for amusement was improved. October 26th was the anniversary of the accession of George III. to the throne. So there must be a good time. Accordingly we read this advertisement in the papers (1779):
"Tickets for the Accession Ball, for the inhabitants of Jamaica and the officers quartered there, are now being issued. A grand band of music will be wanted."
March 17th 1780 a munificent entertainment was given by Lord Rawdon, colonel of the volunteers of Ireland, to his regiment quartered at Jamaica, in honor of St. Patrick, the tutelar saint of Ireland. Here follow a few lines of a song by Barney Thompson, piper of the regi- ment:
"So, Yankees, keep off, or you'll soon learn your error,
For Paddy shall prostrate lay every foc."
" Hand in hand ! Let's carol the chorus, As long as the blessings of Ireland hang o'er ns ; The erest of rebellion shall tremble before us, Like brothers while we thus march hand in hand."
There were several taverns in Jamaica, named Vaux- hall, Spring Garden etc., and they were well supported, as British gold was abundant. They were named also after the pictures on their sign-boards, as the Half Moon tavern, the Queen's Head, the King's Arms, the General Amherst, etc.
Here follow a couple of advertisements:
1779, July Ioth .- "Wm. Betts has opened the tav- ern formerly kept by John Comes, the Gen. Amherst, where he has provided choice liquors. Dinner on the shortest notice, and good stabling."
1781, May 12th .- " Thos. Rochford, of the Queen's Head, has a house of 8 rooms. He begs leave to inform the ladies and gentlemen that he has an elegant garden-a tea garden with arbors, bowers, alcoves, grot- tos, statues of naids, dryads, hamadryads, &c., &c. He has a stock of good liquors, and can at any tinie furnish genteel dinners. The ladies and gentlemen who choose to make an excursion from N. Y. to the pleasant village of Jamaica (so remarkable for the salubrity of its air) may depend on good cheer at his house, and the utmost attention."
The drinks at a tavern were Jamaica and Antigua spirits, sangaree, negus, punch, lemonade, slings (i. e. spirits and water sweetened with loaf sugar and nutmeg grated in); for the ladies there would be milk punch, tea, coffee, chocolate, and wines. The fashion of brandy drinking was introduced by the French officers.
While the British were in occupation of Jamaica stages to New York were in great demand, and had odd sound- ing names.
October 6th 1777 the new stage wagon was advertised
to set out from Hope Mills's at 7 o'clock on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday mornings for Brooklyn ferry and return on the same days. "For freight or passage apply to the public's humble servant, Hope Mills. Proper care taken of all the letters and newspapers."
May 26th 1779 Loosely & Elms proposed to run a caravan to Jamaica and back to Brooklyn ferry on Tues- days, Thursdays and Sundays.
" Benjamin Creed's Jamaica and Brooklyn Hall stage Machine, 6s. a passage," was advertised in 1781. "He will not be answerable for any money, plate or jewels, unless they are entered on his book and paid for."
October 3d 1782 was announced a " new Flying Ma- chine on steel springs, Thursday, Sunday and Tuesday, from Brooklyn at 8 o'clock to Jamaica, and return same evening. Breakfasting at Brooklyn on stage mornings."
Shopping had to be done in Revolutionary times, as well as now. The ladies sometimes went to the city, though there were plenty of good stores in Jamaica. But no goods could be brought out of New York without a permit. Here is a copy of a permit:
" Pursuant to His Excellency Sir Wm. Howe's procla- mation, permission is hereby given to Aaron Van Nos- trand to cart to Jamaica one bushel salt, he having com -. plied with the directions.
"JOHN NUGENT, Dep. Supt."
The following is a list of articles a lady had permission to bring out of the city:
14 lbs. sugar, 14 cwt. rice, 10 yds. calico, 7 yds. russet, 6 yds. durant, 1 lb. whalebone, 1 1b. pepper, 2 galls. mo- lasses, 2 galls. rum, 1 lb. tea, 1 lb. coffee, 1 lb. chocolate, I bush. salt, I pair gloves.
The restriction put on taking goods out of New York was intended to prevent smuggling from Long Island across the sound to Connecticut. Imported goods were scarce on the mainland, and commanded a high price.
For the seven years of British occupation there were no courts, but military rule prevailed. The king's jus- tices of the peace held over, and their decisions were backed by the soldiery. Court martials were the only tribunal to which the injured could resort till July 15th 1780, when an office of police (as it was called) was es- tablished at Jamaica, and George D. Ludlow appointed superintendent. His jurisdiction extended over the isl- and. David Colden was his assistant, and James Creigh- ton secretary.
On Monday December 8th 1783 the glorious event of peace was celebrated at Jamaica by the Whigs of Queens county. At sunrise a volley was fired by the continental troops stationed in town, and the thirteen stripes were dis- played on a liberty pole which had been erected for the purpose. At four o'clock a number of the gentlemen of the county, and officers of the army who were in the neighborhood, sat down to an elegant dinner, attended by the music of a most excellent band formerly belonging to the line of this State. After drinking thirteen toasts, the gentlemen marched in column, thirteen abreast, in procession through the village, preceded by the music and saluting the colors as they passed.
226
HISTORY OF QUEENS COUNTY.
In the evening every house in the village and for several miles around was most brilliantly illuminated, and a ball given to the ladies concluded the whole. It was pleas- ing to view the different expressions of joy and gratitude apparent in every countenance on the occasion. The whole was conducted with the greatest harmony and gave universal satisfaction. The church bells were rung and there was a free table for the populace. Such loyalists as were found in the street met with rough handling.
An address to the governor, George Clinton, was also agreed on.
Governor Clinton appointed Thursday December 11th as a day of thanksgiving for the establishment of inde- pendence.
The farms of the more active loyalists in Jamaica were confiscated: Johannes l'olhemus's farm of 200 acres was sold for £1,650; George Folliot's farm of 21 acres for £500; Joseph Ford's lot of four acres for £450; George Duncan Ludlow's land, 26 acres, for £265.
Some of the loyalists of Jamaica at the approach of peace went into voluntary exile in Canada, New Bruns- wick and Nova Scotia. Most of them returned to their former homes after the angry passions of the Whigs had subsided. A few, however, breathed their last in a land of strangers.
FIRE COMPANIES.
March 25th 1797 James Waters and others, owners of an engine, petitioned for an act for the better extin- guishing of fires.
April Ist 1797 the proprietors of a fire engine in Jamaica were authorized by the Legislature to forin an organization, of from three to five trustees, who were to choose thirteen firemen (volunteers), to he exempt from military duty. Application was afterward made to the Legislature for leave to increase the Jamaica fire company from eighteen to twenty-four members.
Of the present fire department the chief engineer is William Durland jr .; assistant engineer, Theodore J. Arm- strong; secretary, Jacob Shipley; treasurer, Benjamin F. Everitt; fire wardens, John Spader, S. Henderson, James McDonald.
Protection Engine Company, No. I : Foreman, William Kavanagh; assistant foreman, Thomas Carman; sec- retary, S. B. Carman; treasurer, Edward H. Remsen.
Neptune Engine Company, No. 2 : Foreman, Michael O'Brien; assistant foreman, Thomas F. Archer.
Atlantic Hook and Ladder Company No. 1 : Foreman, John B. Fosdick; assistant foreman, William E. Tilton; secretary and treasurer, James A. Betts.
Eagle Hose Company No. 1, incorporated December Ist 1864, was disbanded in 1871 and organized as De- grauw Hose Company; No. I. The present officers are : William E. Everitt, foreman; John L. Boyd, assistant foreman; Winfield Powell, secretary; Charles Wood, treasurer.
Continental Bucket Company No. I (organized April 5th 1860) : Foreman, Martin S. Rapelye; assistant fore- man, John J. Gracy; secretary, Richard W. Rhoades;
treasurer, Granville Yeaton; fire patrol, Captain George L. Peck.
PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS MEN.
The Long Island Farmer was established in 1821; Al- bert B. Pine editor and proprietor.
The Long Island Democrat was established in 1835; Brenton Brothers editors and proprietors.
The Jamaica Standard was established in 1868; John O'Donnell editor and proprietor.
The present resident physicians are Skidmore Hen- drickson, William D). Wood, Philip M. Wood, Charles H. Barker, John II. Seabury, Thomas W. Nadal, C. A. Belden, C. K. Belden and R. W. Rockwell. There are two resident dentists-Dr. Charles H. Stevens and Dr. P. 1 .. Hull.
The resident lawyers are John J Armstrong, Theodore J. Armstrong, Richard Busteed sen. and jr., William S. Cogswell, James P. Dircy, Lewis L. Fosdick, John Flein- ing, W. W. Gillen. Joseph R. Huntting, Charles M. Kirby, Henry A. Montfort, Pierrepont Potter, Siniel Potter, W'm. J. Shyres, Henry H. Smith, Joseph G Stewart and William J. Stanford.
There are four druggists here, viz George I. Peck, B. O. Lamphear, William Barget and John S. Seabury.
The Brooklyn and Jamaica Riilrond Company was formed April 25th 1832. The Jamaica and Brooklyn Plank Rond Compiny was formed May 21st 1850. The iron-track horse railroad was constructed in 1863; and the two were consolidated in 1880 under the nanie of the Jamaica and Brooklyn Road Company.
The Jamaica Savings Bank was incorporated April 20th 1866, with Aaron A. Degranw president, John J. Armstrong and Daniel Smith vice-presidents, Morris Fos- dick treasurer and Lewis I .. Fosdick secretary.
The Jamaica Gas Light Company was incorporated June 2nd 1856; capital $20,000. George Skidmore was president, Isaac Amberman treasurer, L. M. Jaggar sec- retary, J. Tyler Watts superintendent.
EDUCATION.
The earliest date relating to education in Jamaica is January 1676, when the constable and overseers granted liberty to Richard Jones to make use of the meeting- house to teach school in for the year ensuing. except when it was wanted for town business; "provided he keep the windows from breaking and keep it decent and clean on Saturday nights against the Lord's day, and have the seats placed in order."
The next mention we have is of a female school: Goody Davis July 4th 1685 kept school in a little house of John Rodes.
For fear that teachers might be Jesuits in disguise, and so instill their pernicious doctrines into the minds of their pupils, Governor Cornbury insisted that all teachers should first obtain a license from him. April 18th 1705 Lord Cornbury licensed Henry Lindley to keep school in Jamaica, and instruct all children that he should be intrusted with in the English and Latin tongues, and also
227
EARLY SCHOOLS AT JAMAICA-UNION HALL ACADEMY.
in the art of writing and arithmetic. December 7th 1705 Thomas Huddleston was licensed to teach the English language, writing, and arithmetic, in Jamaica. We sup- pose this restriction on teachers was abandoned by Corn- bury's successors.
The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in For- eign Parts allowed from £10 to £15 per annum to teachers approved by their missionaries. These teachers taught elementary branches, and were required to cate- chise their scholars in the church catechism and make them learn the Lord's prayer, creed and ten command- ments.
Mr. Poyer says (1724) there were schools in each town of his parish, but kept by Presbyterian or Quaker mas- ters. In 1726, at a town meeting, it was voted that Mr. Poyer, Robert Cross (the Presbyterian minister), and Justices Betts, Messenger and Smith should see what the people were willing to subscribe toward the encourage- ment of a free school in Jamaica. Probably nothing came of this. Mr. Poyer sent his oldest son, Daniel, in July 1731, to Thomas Temple, and in October he was kept home from Mr. Rock's school on account of small- pox.
James Loquart (Presbyterian schoolmaster) died in Jamaica in 1722. In 1756 William Sherlock (Episcopal) was teaching here.
In 1732 the venerable society voted £15 a year to Mr. Willett, who was of exemplary life and conversation and taught school with diligence. In 1737 he had forty- three scholars, of whom twenty-three were taught gratis by the bounty of the society. Thomas Temple was also a teacher here at times from 1731 to 1746. In 1743 John Moore, a graduate of Yale College and a candidate for holy orders, was recommended to the society by Messrs. Vesey and Colgan as the most proper person to succeed to the vacant school at Jamaica; £15 a year was granted him. In 1761 "the old school-house" was sold for £3.
The next notice of schools is in January 1777, when Andrew Wilson opened a grammar school. Board was to be procured in Jamaica. Simeon Lugrin, a teacher here in 1778, had a fine-toned double harpsichord.
None of the ministers of any denomination appear to have taught school till after the Revolution. We find the following notice from the pastor of the Presbyterian church, dated May 17th 1784:
"EDUCATION .- The Rev. Matthias Burnet begs leave to inform the respectable public that he will undertake the instruction of a small number of youth (not exceed- ing twelve or fourteen) in the Latin and Greek languages; and to render his plan more 'extensively useful he has engaged a person to attend a part of every day to in- struct (such as may desire it) in writing, vulgar arithmetic and book-keeping. Those who shall please to commit the education of their children to his care may depend upon the strictest attention to their learning and morals." Mr. Burnet soon gave over teaching.
a grander enterprise than had ever before been under- taken in Jamaica:
" At a meeting of a number of the inhabitants of Ja- maica and Flushing, March Ist, at the house of Mrs. Jo- anna Hinchman, in Jamaica, for the purpose of carrying into effect the building of an academy in Jamaica, the Rev. Rynier Van Nest in the chair and Eliphalet Wickes clerk, it was resolved that twelve persons be appointed for the purpose of getting subscriptions, viz .: Nathan Woodhull, William Hammel, Francis Lewis, John Hicks, Abraham Ditmars, Daniel Minema, George Faitoute, James Foster, Samuel Brownjohn, John Smith, Daniel Kissam and Charles Roach."
Subscription lists were circulated in Jamaica, Flushing, Newtown and New York; and when £800, the sum in- tended to be subscribed, was made up, James Mackrel was requested to report a plan of the academy, which he did, and was thereupon appointed master builder.
The persons named below paid the number of pounds given in connection with their names:
John Allen, 3; John Amberman, 2; William Ballard, 3; Robert Benson, 2; Barnet Bennet, 4; Ephraim Bayles, 2; Daniel Bayles, 3; Leonard Bleeker, 5; Edward Bar- din, 10; Joseph Beesley, I; Cornelius Bogert, 2; Aury Boerum, 1; William Buckle, 5; James Burling, 3; Jacob Beadle, I; Samuel Brownjohn, 10; Benjamin Carpenter, 3 (and 4s.); William Carpenter, I; Whitehead Cornell, 3; Lewis Cornwall, 3; Thomas Cornwell, I; Cornelius Creed, 2; William Creed 3d, 2; Benjamin Coe, 2; Wil- liam Creed jr., 5; Charles Crommelin, 5; Sylvester Cor- nell, 1; Matthew M. Clarkson, 10; Governor Clinton, IO; Robert Crommelin, 10; James Cumming, 2; James Depeyster, 30; Abraham Ditmars jr., 5; Samuel Denton, 3; James Denton, 8; John Dewint, 5; John Dixon, 1; Henry Dawson, 2; Abraham Ditmars, 5; Jarvis Dobbs, 3; Thomas Durie, 2; John Durye, 2; Aaron Durye, 1; John Dudley, 3; John Evers, 2; Sam- uel Eldert, 1; Hendrick Eldert, 1; Nicholas Everit, 10; William Edgar, 20; Rev. George Faitoute, 10; Robert Furman, 5; William Forbes, 4; Thomas Fairchild, I; James Foster, 25; Samuel Forbus, 5; Waters Forbus, 2; Luke Fleet, 10; John Faulkner, 2; Matthew Farrington, I (and 4s.); James Herriman, 30; Stephen Herriman, 25; Joanna Hinchman, 10; Richard Holland, 2; Jonah Hal- let, 3; John Hinchman, 4; Bernardus Hendrickson, 5; John Hicks, 4; Rev. William Hammell, 4 (and 5s.); Henry Higbie, 1; Daniel Higbie, 2; Hendrick Hendrickson, 5; William Hendrickson, 1; Richard Harrison, 2; Albert Hoogland, 3 loads timber; Jonathan Jones, I; Martin Johnson, 5; John Jay. 5; Daniel Kissam, 5; Dr. William Lawton, 2; Isaac Lefferts jr., 5: Dr. Isaac Ledyard, 2; David Lamberson, 30; Waters Lamberson, 3; Nathaniel Lawrence, 5; Jacobus Lefferts, I (and 4s.); William Lewis, 1; Bernardus Lamberson, 10 shillings; Hendrick Lott, 1; Francis Lewis jr., 4; William Ludlam, 3; Nicholas Ludlum, 3; Dr. Daniel Minema, 10; Uriah Mitchell, 2;
James Morrell, 2; Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell, 3; Lambert Moore, 2; James Mackrel (for the job of building the academy), 40; Nathaniel Mills, 10 shillings ; Jacob Morton, 4; Alexander McComb, 5 (and 4s.); Patrick McDavitt, I; John Murray, 2; Dr. Jacob Ogden, 10; Richard Platt, 10; William Prince, 2; Joseph Robinson, 10; James Ren- wick, 3; Michael Ritter jr., 1; Nathaniel Rhoades, 2; UNION HALL ACADEMY. Abiathar Rhoades, 15; James Smith, 5; Christopher Smith, 15; Abraham Skinner, 10; Melancthon Smith, 5; The following, published in 1791, marks the starting of James Southard, 3; Mary Smith, 2; Rem Snedeker, I;
27
228
HISTORY OF QUEENS COUNTY.
Femetie Suydam, 2; John Smith sen., 6; Daniel Smith, 2; John Smith jr., 3; Silvester Smith, 2; John I. Skid. more, 2; Joshua Sands, 5; Eliphalet Stratton, 5; Thomas H. Smith, 1 (and 4s.); Captain John Smith, 2; Nicholas Smith, 3; Othniel Smith, 10; Abigail Skidmore, 1; Da- vid Sprong, 5; Jacob Smith, 10; Platt Smith jr., 10; Thomas Tredwell, 6; John T'roup, 10; Robert Troup, 2; Joseph Totten, 5; Richard Thorne, 1 (and 12s.); David Titus, 2; Benjamin Thurston, 5; John Thatford, 3; Dan- iel Tuthill, 5; Abraham Tuthill, 4; James Van Lew, 10; Richard Van Dam, 5; Rev. Ryrier Van Nest, 5; John Van Lew, 1; Jost Van Brunt, 3; Abraham Van Arsdale, 2; John Vanderbilt, 2; Samuel Vail, 5; John Van Lew, 5; John Van Dyne, 10 shillings; Eliphalet Wickes, 10; John Williamson, 10; Samuel Welling, 3; Thomas Wil- let, 2; James Willet, 2; Lawrence Willet, 2; James Wood- hull, 2; James Waters, 20; William Warne, 5; William Waters, 10; Thomas Welling, 2; John Wykoff, 4; William Wilkins, I (and 4s.); Stephen Wright, 3.
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