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" Contract with Henry Hudson.
" On this eighth of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred and nine, the " Directors of the East India Company of the Chamber of Amsterdam of the ten years reckoning " of the one part, and Mr. Henry Hudson, Englishman, assisted by Jodocus Hondius, of the other " part, have agreed in manner following, to wit : That the said Directors shall in the first place equip " a small vessel or yacht of about thirty lasts* burden, with which, well provided with men, pro- " visions and other necessaries, the above named Hudson shall about the first of April, sail, in order " to search for a passage by the North, around by the North side of Nova Zembla, and shall continue " thus along that parallel until he shall be able to sail Southward to the latitude of sixty degrees. " He shall obtain as much knowledge of the lands as can be done without any considerable loss of " time, and if it is possible return immediately in order to make a faithful report and relation of his " voyage to the Directors, and to deliver over his journals, log-books and charts, together with an "account of whatsoever which shall happen to him during the voyage without keeping anything " back ; for which said voyage the Directors shall pay to the said Hudson, as well for his outfit for " the said voyage, as for the support of his wife and children, the sum of eight hundred guilders ;t "and, in case (which God prevent) he do not come back or arrive hereabouts within a year, the "Directors shall further pay to his wife two hundred guilders in cash ; and thereupon they shall not " be further liable to him or his heirs, unless he shall either afterwards or within the year arrive and "have found the passage good and suitable for the Company to use; in which case the Directors " will reward the before named Hudson for his dangers, trouble and knowledge in their discretion, " with which the before mentioned Hudson is content. 'And in case the Directors think proper to "prosecute and continue the same voyage, it is stipulated and agreed with the before named Hud. "son, that he shall make his residence in this country with his wife and children, and shall enter into " the employment of no other than the Company, and this at the discretion of the Directors, who " also promise to make him satisfied and content for such further service in all justice and equ'ty. " All without fraud or evil intent. In witness of the truth, two contracts are made hereof of the "same tenor and are subscribed by both parties, and also by Jodocus Hondius, as interpreter and " witness. Dated as above. (signed) DIRK VAN OS, J. POPPE, HENRY HUDSON, (Lower down signed) "Jodocus Hondius, witness." ±
Abstract of Instructions.
" This Company, in the year 1609, fitted out a yacht of about 30 lasts burden, and engaged a Mr. " Henry Hudson, an Englishman, and a skillful pilot, as master thereof, with orders to search for the " aforesaid passage by the North and Northeast above Nova Zembla, toward the lands or straits of " Anian, and then to sail at least to the sixtieth degree of North latitude, when if the time permitted " he was to return from the straits of Anian again to this country. And he was further ordered by " his instructions, to think of discovering no other routes or passages, except the route around by "the North and Northeast above Nova Zembla ; with this additional provision, that if it could "not be accomplished at that time, another route would be the subject of consideration for another " voyage "
* Sixty tons. + Three hundred and twenty dollars.
# Jodocus (that is, Joost or Justus) Hondius, who acted as the interpreter and friend of Hudson, on this occasion, was an eminent engraver of maps, who, like Plancius, was a Fleming by birth, and had fled from his country during the revolutionary troubles. He first went to London, and established himself there in business, but afterwards removed to Amsterdam, which for many years both before that time and afterwards was a great centre of map-making ; and where he died two years after the above document was signed. He was succeeded by his son Henry Hondius, who also became eminent in the map business.
The baptismal name of Hudson, both in the body of the instrument and in the signature, in the Dutch copy, is spelt in plain English, HENRY. The practice in America of giving it the Dutch ety- mology Hendrik, is therefore more honored in the breach than in the observance.
838
APPENDIX.
NOTE Q.
The account of Hudson's voyage by the Dutch historian, Emanuel Van Meteren.
The following account of Hudson's voyage, by Van Meteren, as well as the prefatory remarks, are extracted from the brochure mentioned in Note P, and is interesting as one of the most reliable narratives extant of the events of an expedition which paved the way for the civilization of the Northern United States :
" The first account which appeared in print of Hudson's voyage for the East India Company, was "in 1611, in a supplementary volume of Emanuel Van Meteren's history of the Netherlands. Van " Meteren was born at Antwerp in 1535, but was taken at fifteen years of age to London by his "father to be brought up in mercantile pursuits. He was a relative of the celebrated geograplier, " Ortelius, with whom he travelled over England and Ireland, and at whose suggestion he undertook " the task of writing a history of the Netherlands. He continued to reside at London till his death "on the 18th of April, 1612, only four months after the completion and publication of his work. He " was Consul of the Netherlands at London for the last thirty years of his life. His position, there- " fore, gave him especial opportunities to write correctly upon a voyage which in some measure " was connected both with England and the Netherlands. The first part of his history was pub- " lished surreptitiously in Latin and German in 1595 in Germany, whither he had sent it for the "purpose of having some engravings for it prepared. He first published it himself in Holland, in " Dutch, in 1599. Another edition with a continuation appeared in 1608; and the third in 1611, in "4to : which he declares on the title contains his last corrections, and which, as we have said, was, "in fact, the last edition during his lifetime. It has, however, been often reprinted since, and has " been translated into French and German, and printed in those languages. It is considered a " standard authority, especially for his own time.
" His account of Hudson's discovery of the great river appeared in his last edition, and with'n " two years after the event. He wrote it in England, and evidently with the journal before him of "some person who had accompanied the expedition, for he mentions the particular days of the " arrival of the vessel at different points, corresponding exactly with those given by Juet in his "journal, which was not then yet published. It is not probable that it was one kept by any of the " sailors, for some of the information which the author gives would not have been within the know- " ledge of the crew. Nor was it Hudson's, which, it may be reasonably inferred, was sent by him " directly to his employers at the time when he was prohibited by the English government from " returning to Holland to make a report of his voyage, inasmuch as we find it afterward in " De Laet's possession ; and especially as he had stipulated in the contract to deliver it up to them. " The journal, therefore, which Van Meteren used was probably that of the mate, who, as he alone "informs us, was a Netherlander, and who, by reason of the official position of the historian in " London, would be thrown in communication with him. This supposition is, however, more " strongly founded upon the circumstance that the informant of Van Meteren was acquainted with " the private views of Hudson, at various times during the voyage, and afterward-a knowledge " not likely to have been possessed by any person except an officer of the vessel ; and upon the " fact that we are furnished in this account with the opinion of the mate in favor of wintering in " Newfoundland, instead of p oceeding home, and with the particular manner in which they pro- "posed to continue the voyage.
" Of the relation given by Van Meteren, it will be observed that it is very particular upon those " points upon which both the journal of Juet and the account of De Laet are entirely silent, "namely, the plans and purposes of Hudson during the voyage. It is well known to our historians " and is quoted by them. The original Dutch edition of 1611 of his history, in which the account " first appeared, is entitled : ‘Belgische ofte Nederlantsche Oorlogen ende Geschiedenissen begin- "nende van 't jaer 1595 tot 1611, mede vervatende enighe gebueren handelinglie. Beschreven door " Emanuel Van Meteren. Bij hem voor de leste reyse oversie verbetert ende vermeerdert na die " copie gedruckt op Schotlant buyten Danswyck by Hermes van Loven. Voor den Autheur Anno " 1611.' 4to., black letter, folios 360, and table of contents. It recommences with the eighteenth "book of the history, at the year 1595, where the first volume ended, and concludes with the " thirtieth in the year 1610. It does not appear on the title where it was printed ; but it is there " stated to have been printed according to the copy printed at Scotland, outside Dantzick-a Ron; "de guerre. The place of publication was intentionally concealed. Van Meteren had given " offence by his previous volume to some distinguished persons, and he himself in consequence had " actually been brought before the States General, upon their complaint of his injustice toward "them; and at the same time, the copies remaining in the printer's hands were ordered to be
839
APPENDIX.
" seized. The second volume was, as a contemporaneous history, not likely to be more acceptable " to some parties then still living than the former. He wrote, in fact, under a strong Protestant, " bias. This edition is said to have been printed at Dordrecht. (Mr. S. de Wind's ' Bibliotheek " der Nederlandsche Geschiedschrijvers,' p. 258.)
" The relation of Hudson's voyage given by this writer has been reprinted in Dutch and trans- " lated into the French and English languages. It forms that part of the publications of Joost " Hartgers, in 1650, and of Saeghman, in 1663, which describes the voyage of 1609. From this " reprint it appears to have been translated into French, and published in the first volume of the " ' Recueil des Voyages qui ont servi à l'établissement et aux progrès de la Compagnie des " Indes Orientales, etc.,' 12mo., Amsterdam, 1702. Its publication in English was made in ‘A " collection of Voyages, undertaken for the improvement of trade and navigation, etc.,' Svo. "London, 1703. This last-mentioned volume is not only uncommon, but the translation appears " to have been rendered from the French copy, and is not altogether correct. As one of the proofs "in our investigation, we append a new one from the original and only Dutch edition of the "author. The account occurs in the thirtieth book, folio 327, of the edition of 1611, and is as " follows :
"' We have said in the preceding book that the Directors of the East India Company in Holland " had sent, in the month of March last past, in order to seek a passage to China by the Northwest "or Northeast, a brave English pilot named Henry Hudson, with a Vlie-boat, and about eighteen "or twenty men, part English and part Dutch, well provided .* This Henry Hudson sailed from " Texel on the 6th of April, 1609, and doubled the Cape of Norway on the 5th of May ; he laid his "course toward Nova Zembla, along the northern coast, but found the sea as full of ice there, as he " had found it the preceding year, so that he was compelled to abandon all hope for that year; " whereupon, owing to the cold which some who had been in the East Indies could not support, " the English and Dutch fell into disputes among themselves. Whereupon the Master, Hudson, " gave them their choice between two things, the first was, to go to the coast of America in the " fortieth degree of latitude, mostly incited to this by letters and maps which a certain Captain " Smith liad sent him from Virginia, and on which he showed him a sea wherein he might circum- "navigate their Southern Colony from the North, and from thence pass into a Western sea. If "this had been true (which experience up to the present time has shown to the contrary), it would "have been very advantageous, and a short route to sail to the Indies. The other proposition was, " to search for the passage by Davis' Straits, to which at last they generally agreed; and on the " fourteenth they set sail, and, with favorable winds, arrived the last of May at the isle of Faro, " where they stopped only twenty-four hours to take in fresh water. Leaving there, they reached, "on the eighteenth of July, the coast of New-France in latitude forty-four, where they were " obliged to make a stay to replace their foremast which they had lost, and where they obtained " and rigged one. They found this a good place for catching codfish, and also for carrying on a " traffic for good skins and furs, which they could obtain for mere trifles; but the sailors behaved " very badly toward the people of the country, taking things by force, which was the cause of a "strife between them. The English, thinking they would be overpowered and worsted, were "afraid to enter further into the country ; so they sailed from there on the twenty-sixth of "July, and continued at sea until the third of August, when they approached the land in "latitude forty-two. From thence they sailed again until the twelfth of August, when they " again approached the land at latitude thirty-seven and three-quarters, and kept their course " thence along it until they reached the latitude of forty degrees and three-quarters, where they " found a good entrance between two headlands. Here they entered on the twelfth of September, " and discovered as beautiful a river as could be found, very large and deep, with good anchorage " on both shores. They ascended it with their large vessel as high as latitude forty-two degrees " and forty minutes, and went still higher up with the ship's boat. At the entrance of the river " they had found the natives brave and warlike; but inside, and up to the highest point of the "river, they found them friendly and civil, having an abundance of skins and furs, such as martens " and foxes, and many other commodities, birds, fruits and even white and blue grapes. They " treated these people very civilly, and brought away a little of whatever they found among " them. After they had gone about fifty leagues up the river, they returned on the fourth of " October, and again put to sea. More could have been accomplished there if there had been " a good feeling among the sailors, and had not the want of provisions prevented them.
.
"'At sea there was a consultation held at which there was a diversity of opinion. The mate, " who was a Dutchman, thought that they ought to go and winter in Newfoundland, and seek for "the Northwest passage through Davis' Straits. The master, Hudson, was opposed to this; he
* There is nothing to be found on the subject in the preceding book or elsewhere in the history.
840
APPENDIX.
"feared his crew would mutiny, because at times they had boldly menaced him, and also " because they would be entirely overcome by the cold of winter, and be, after all, obliged to "return with many of the crew weak and sickly. No one, however, spoke of returning home to " Holland, which gave cause of further suspicion to the master. Consequently, he proposed " that they should go and winter in Ireland, to which they all agreed, and at length arrived, "November 7th, at Dartmouth in England. From this place they sent an account of their voyage " to their masters in Holland, proposing to go in search of a passage to the Northwest if they were " furnished with fifteen hundred guilders in money to buy provisions, in addition to their wages " and what they had in the ship. He wished to have some six or seven of his crew changed, making " the number up to twenty men, etc,, and to sail from Dartmouth about the first of March, in " order to be at the Northwest by the end of that month, and there pass the month of April and " half of May in killing whales and other animals in the neighborhood of the isle of Panar ; from " there to go toward the Northwest and remain there till the middle of September, and afterward "to return, by the northeast of Scotland, again to Holland. Thus was the voyage finished ; but " before the Directors could be informed of their arrival in England, a long time elapsed by reason " of contrary winds, when at last they sent orders for the ship and crew to return at once to "Holland. And when this was about to be done, the master, Henry Hudson, was ordered by the " authorities there, not to depart, but remain and do service for his own country, which was also "required of the other Englishmen in the ship. Many, however, thought it very strange that the " Masters, who had been sent out for the common benefit of all kinds of navigation, should not be ' permitted to return in order to render an account and make a report of their doings and affairs 'to their employers. This took place in January, 1610. It was supposed that the English wished 'to send the same persons with some vessels to Virginia to explore further the before-mentioned 'river.' "
INDEX.
Academy of Music, erection of, 726. Academy, Free-See Colleges.
Adriaensen Maryn, one of the Council of Twelve Men, 107. At Corlaer's Hook, 112.
Alexander, James, arrival of, 293; counsel for Van Dam, 304, 331; in the Zenger trial, 333; struck from the list of attorneys, 334; restored to the bar, 346 ; trustee of the Society Library, 3 .4.
Allerton, Isaac, one of the Council of Eight Men, 118.
Alsop, John, delegate to the Continental Con- gress, 477.
Ambuscade, the, arrival of, 606; engagement of the Boston with, 607.
American Museum-See Museums.
André, Major, at New York, 561 ; arrest and ex- ecution of, 562.
Anthony, Allard, one of the first schepens, 136; sheriff, 157.
Apthorpe House, narrow escape of Washington from, 504, 621.
Argall, supposed. visit to Manhattan of, 41 ; grant of the province by James II. to, 47.
Arnold, treason of, 551, 562 ; at New York, 542, 543; death of, 563.
Articles of Confederation, 586, 587.
Astor, John Jacob, Astor Library founded by, 786.
Astor Place Opera House, erection of, 726. Astor Place Opera House riot, 749 752.
Atlantic Telegraph Cable celebration, 764, 765.
Backerus, Domine Johannes, minister at New Amsterdam, 120; return to Holland of, 134.
Bailey, Gen. Theodorus, postmaster of New York city in the beginning of the nineteenth cen- tury, 651.
Bancker, Flores, one of the Sons of Liberty, 412. Barertsen, expedition of, 30. Battles of
the Liberty Pole, 429-436. Golden Hill, 448-453. Long Island, 495-498 Harlem Plains, 505, 506. Fort Washington, 507, 509.
Bauman, Sebastian, first postmaster of New York city after the Revolution, 655.
Baxter, George, first English secretary of the province, 101.
Bayard, Nicholas, secretary of the province, 158; mayor, 211; member of the council in 1689, 220; in the affair of Leisler, 220-234; in the administration of Nanfan, 267; genealogy of, appendix, note G-See Mayors.
Bayard, William, New York delegate to Colonial Congress, 412.
Bayards Mount-See Hills.
Beekman, Wilhelm, one of the first schepens, 136 ; genealogy of, appendix, note D.
Beekman, Gerardus, administers affairs after the removal of Ingoldsby, 286; member of the council of Hunter, 288.
Beekman's Swamp, leased to Rip Van Dam, 282. Beekman House,head-quarters of Howe, 502, 620, 621.
Belcher, Thomas, earliest patentee of lands at Brooklyn, 85.
Bell, Isaac, sen., reminiscences of, 555, 556.
Belvidere, the, in the beginning of the nineteenth century, 621.
Bentyn, Jaques, one of the Council of Twelve Men, 107.
Berrien, John, wounded at the Liberty Pole, 432. Block, Adriaen, arrives at Manhatan, 39 ; builds the Restless, 40; explorations and return of, 40.
Blommaert, Samuel, first patroon of Swaanen- dael, 57.
Bogardus, Domine Everardus, arrival at Manhat- tan of, 63, controversy with Van Twiller, 66, 67; with Van Dincklagen, 77, 78; marriage with Aneke Jans of, 76; opposes the massacre of the Indians, 111; return to Holland, ship- wreck and death of, 132.
Bout, Jan Evertsen, one of the Council of Eight Men, 118; of Nine Men, 133.
Bowling Green, annual fair held on, 96, 200; treaty with the Indians concluded on, 122; leased by the corporation, 322.
Bradford, William, first printer in the city, 250, 811.
Bressar, Henry, 92.
Bridewell, the-See Public Buildings.
Brockholst, Anthony, affairs administered by during the absence of Andros, 205.
Broome, Samuel, one of the Sons of Liberty, 445. Brugges, John, Alderman, 157.
Banker Mansion House, the, residence of Wash- ington during the second session of Congress, 623.
Burr, Aaron, in the retreat of Silliman's Brigade, 504; in the affair of the Jay treaty, 610; duel with Hamilton, 669, 670.
Burgher right granted to the citizens, 145, 146. Bushwick founded, 150.
Cabot Sebastian, explorations of, 29. Cadwallader, Col., at Fort Washington, 507-509. Carleton, Sir Guy, in command at New York, 566.
841
842
INDEX.
Castle Garden. See Forts.
Central Pa. k. See Parks.
Champe, John, attempt to carry off Arnold from the city made by, 562, 563.
Charters. granted to the
New Netherland Company by the States Gene . ral in 1614, 42.
Expiration of, in 1618, 46.
Go. ges and his assoc.ates by James I., 47.
West India Company in 1621, by the States General, 49.
Patroonships, of, in 1629, 55, 56.
Privileges of, 82, 53.
Breuckelen, 135. New Amsterdam, 136.
Nicolls, 137.
New Orange, 168. New York, 171.
Liberties of, 207, 208.
Dongan, 213, APPENDIX, NOTE A and B.
Montgomerie 311, 315, APPENDIX, NOTE A and B. Amended, of 1830, 732.
Amended, of 1849, 749.
Amended, of 1853, 750. Amended, of 1857, 766.
Chelsea House, the, 619
Cholera of 1832, 733; of 1849. 734; of 1855, 735.
Christia ensen Hendric, arrival at Manhattan of, 39 ; Fort Nassau built by, 41; Death of, 42. Churches-
Reformed Dutch .- first organization of,53 ; first minister of, 53, 54, APPENDIX NOTE C; primi- tive manners and customs of, 632-635 ; first church in Manhattan, 65; Church of St. Nicholas, 97, 99, 358 ; South Dutch in Garden street, 241, 242, 257, 742; Middle Dutch in Nassau street, 315, 816, 513, 637 ; North Dutch in William street, 637, 639; churches in the beginning of the nineteenth century, 638-643. Lutheran - organization of, in Stuyvesant's ad- ministration, 142; first minister of, 159; church in Broadway built by the Palatines, 159, 287; churches in the beginning of the nineteenth century, 644.
Episcopal .- Established by Fletcher in 1696,251; first clergyman of, 251; Trinity church erect- ed, 251, 257 ; King's Farm granted by Queen Anne to, 275; estate of Aneke Jans pur- chased by, 76, 275; cemetery donated to, 275, 348, 645; Eglise du Saint Esprit, built by the Huguenots, 281, 282, 308, 309, 369, 513, 514; St. George's Chapel in Beekman street, 374 ; churches in the beginning of the nine- teenth century, 643, 644.
Presbyterian .- Wall street church erected, 301, rebuilt, 373 ; in the Revolution, 513; Brick Church in Beekman street erected, 463; in the Revolution, 513, 519, 649; churches in the beginning of the nineteenth century, 648-650.
Baptist .- Gold street church, 650 ; Oliver street church, 651.
Methodist-organization of, John street chapel erected, 399 ; in the beginning of the nine- teenth century, 652-653.
Friends-In the beginning of the nineteenth century, 654.
Jews' Synagogue in Mill street, 315. 653.
Moravian-Chapel in Fulton street, 374, 654.
Catholic-In the beginning of the nineteenth century, 655.
Clarke, Andrew, first English schoolmaster in New York, 274.
Clinton, Admiral George-See Governors.
Clinton. Sir Henry, in the battle of Long Island, 495-498; commander-in-chief at New York, 552; fortifies the city, 554; southern expe- dition of, 555 ; sails to the relief of Cornwallis, 566 ; superseded by Sir Guy Carleton, 566.
Clinton, George, defence of McDougall by, 461 ; defence of Sears by, 462 ; first governor of the State, 544, 614.
Clinton, De Witt-See Mayors.
Colden, Cadwallader-See Governors.
Collect. Kolck, Fresh Water Pond, the primitive condition of, 30, 322, 323; proposed improve- ment of, 519, 520 ; filled up, 580.
Colleges-
King's, founded, 373, 397, 398; in the Revolu-
tion, 472, 473 ; transformed into Columbia, 627, 628, 784, 785.
University of the city of New York, 784.
Free Academy, 785.
Union Theological Seminary, 785.
General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church, 785.
St Francis Xavier, 785.
College of Physicians and Surgeons, 627, 785.
University Medical School, 785.
New York Medical College, 785.
Colman, John, death and burial of, 33.
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