USA > New York > History of the state of New York. Vol. II, Pt. 2 > Part 3
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But it was several months before James could excente
* Clarke's James II., 1., 678-730; Dalrymple, i., 17, 106; Col. Doc., iii., 230, 285, 256, 255; ix., 165; Chalmers's Ann., i., 581, 553, 600; Rev. Col., i., 145, 152, 173; Mem. H. S. Penn., i., 444; Bancroft, ii., 413, 414; ante, 272. I can not see the propriety of the reference, in Introd. to Ing. Journals of Council of N. Y., xvi., to Pepys's Diary of January, 1668, as a rea- son for the Duke of York's action in 1652. If Anne Hyde, the first Duchess of York, saved £5000 a year, and laid it out in jewels, in 1063, it does not appear that the second duchess, Mary of Modena (ante, 245), did so in 1652, when the duke resolved to give an 1-sembly to New York. It is more likely that the Duchess of Port-mouth's importunity to Charles had something to do with the matter. The revenue of New York was 22000 in 1632, and did not rench $5000 a year until 1657 : Dunlap, ii., App , cxlvii.
t Col. Doc., ill., 317, 313; Chalmers's Ann., i., 605.
orders to about New York.
359
ANTHONY BROCKHOLLS, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.
the purpose he so clearly announced. He went back to CHAP. VII. Scotland, and then returned to London. In that interval, 1682. 25 April.
William Penn, under the pressure of " friends," and with the aid of Algernon Sidney, drew up and published a frame > May. Penn's of government and laws for Pennsylvania, the large beney- frame of olence of which-surpassing the liberality of Maryland- ment.
govern- . furnished a model worthy to be carefully studied by the proprietor of New York .*
After waiting in vain several months for his prosecutor to appear, Dyer petitioned the king to be acquitted and al- 29 June. lowed to proceed against Winder. It was accordingly or- dered in council that he be discharged from his bond, which 30 Septem. was delivered to him, so that he might take his remedy at charged. Dyer dis-
law. In recompense for his losses, Dyer was soon after- 1683. ward appointed surveyor general of his majesty's customs 4 Jannary. in the American Plantations.t.
In the mean time, Randolph, returning in disgust from 16 April. his second visit to Boston, had urged legal proceedings to and Cul- Randolph vacate the charter of Massachusetts. Lord Culpepper, of against pepper Virginia, also advised that the king should send a governor sette. Massachu- general to New England, without which his colonies "could not be brought to a perfect settlement." Charles, now al- most absolute, determined to act with effect against his fa- ther's corporation of Massachusetts Bay. He had already 1680. granted a patent to Secretary Blathwayt to be surveyor and 19 May. auditor general of all his revenues in America, with power to appoint such inferior officers as the lords of the treasury should direct. Blathwayt accordingly appointed Randolph 1681. to be his deputy in all the New England colonies except 15 October. New Hampshire. With this power Randolph went back deputy to Randolph to Boston, bearing a letter from the king requiring his cor- 21 October, Blathwayt. poration of Massachusetts forthwith to send over agents to letter to The king's excuse its irregularities, in default of which a writ of quo setts. Massachu- warranto would be prosecuted, and the charter granted by his father be "legally evicted and made void." To this
* Colonial Rec. Penn., i., 29-42; Colden, il., 152-200; Proud, i., 196-200: ii., App., 5-20; Chalmers, i., 642, 660; Dixon, 184-156: Grahame, i., 314, 506-502: Bancroft, ii., 306, 367; Kent's Commentaries, il., 35, 36.
t Col. Doc., iii., 318-321; Chalmers, i., 5$3; Mass. Rec., v., 450, 530. After a cool recep- tion in Massachusetts, in October, 1664, Dyer went to l'ennsylvania, and thence to Jamaica : Penn. Coll. Rec .. i., 149, 197, 198, 209-211 ; Val. Man., 1953, 386; 1864, 580. In June, 1655, Brockholls ordered the justiess at Gravesend not to let Winder plead before them, because of his malicious behavior to Dyer : Entries, xxxiii., 65, 66; ante, 352, 353.
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAT. VII. peremptory command the Puritan colony was obliged to 16S1. succumb. She could no longer pretend to be independent, while she set up her royal patent. Her only alternative was open, manly rebellion. But this would have been by 1682. 23 March. Dudley and Richards agents. no means profitable; and so, with a very bad grace, her corporate authorities deputed Joseph Dudley and John Richards to represent them in England. "Necessity, and not duty," obliged this action. And now Massachusetts adopted the maxim attributed to the Jesuits, "the end jus- tifies the means." She accordingly provided her agents with a "credit for large sums of money to purchase, if they can, what their promises cannot obtain." This "singular Bribery by method" of Puritanism, in offering a bribe for the king's " private service," was approved, if not advised, by Edward Cranfield, the royal governor of New Hampshire, who had just come from England."
31 May.
Massachu- setts.
9 March. Troubles in New York. 17 Febry. 22 Feb'y.
The domestic affairs of New York continued to be dis- turbed, in spite of Brockholls's efforts, and his announce- ment of the duke's orders to continue all magistrates in their places until farther directions. Esopus and Albany were troublesome, but Long Island was the chief scene of opposition ; and Richard Cromwell and Thomas Hicks, two of the justices of the North Riding, were ordered to be ar- rested for disaffection to the government. William Nicolls 2 October. and John Tudor were afterward directed to appear at the next Court of Assizes, and prosecute for the king all indict- ments found. |
11 May.
Connecticut now took the opportunity to revive her boundary question. Counselor Frederick Phillipse, hav- ing bought of the Indians a tract of land on the Pocantico Creek, or Mill River, just above the present village of Tar- rytown, "whereon to set a mill," had obtained a patent for it from Andros ; and began to improve his property. Ilear- ing of this, the Connecticut authorities wrote to Brockholls, claiming that, according to the boundary agreement of 1664.
Connecti- cut boand- ary.
* Chalmers's Annale, i., 410-413, 443-45); Hutch. Masa., i., 230-337; Coll., 526-519: Mass. Rec., v., 333, 334, 316-349, 521-527 ; Masa. H. S. Coll., xxxv., 52, 56; Col. Rec Conn , iii., 303, 307 ; N. Y. Col. MSS., xxix .. 97; Bancroft, ii., 123; Barry, i., 465-474; Palfrey, iii , 2SS, 842-360, 407, 410, 411. 424; morte. 3. 6. 337.
t Ord., Warr., etc , xxxill., 100, 108, 102, 111 ; Entries, xxxiii., 10, 11, 17; Col. MISS .. xxx .. 64, 65. Mr. H. P. Hedges, in his anniversary oration at Easthampton in 1850, says that an address to Brockholls was adopted in June. 1652, at the general training of the militia. But I think this address must have been drawn up in losS. and was intended for Dongan, as it . . is word for word the same as that of 10 September, 1653, in Thomp. I. I , i., 315 ; ii., 2's.
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ANTHONY BROCKHOLLS, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.
that colony, and not New York, owned the territory from Cuar. VII. Mamaroneck north-northwestward, touching the Hudson River southward of Phillipse's mills, and extending north- 1682. ward to the Massachusetts line ; and they had the audacity to desire, in very careful words, that the duke's officers would countenance their attempted swindle. Brockholls knew that Connecticut was never to approach within twen- ty miles of the Hudson River. He therefore reproved her & May. for so knavishly returning the "kind treatment" she had received from New York, and referred the question to the Referred to the duke. Duke of York, who soon caused it to be fairly settled."
Another intercolonial incident happened this summer. John Williams, having captured a ketch from the Spaniards at Cuba, named her the " Ruth," turned pirate, robbed at June. Accomac in Virginia, and attempted to seize Lord Balti- more in Maryland, to get from him a large ransom. With New York another sloop, Williams then went to the cast of Long Isl- land. and, and captured several vessels, one of which belonged to Justice Arnold, of Southold. Brockholls at once directed 23 July. all pirates to be brought to New York. The sloop Planter's Adventure, Captain Tristram Stevens, was also sent to cruise ? August. against the pirates. Several were secured by the authori- 14 August. ties of Rhode Island and Connecticut ; and Brockholls, having arrested two, dispatched them to Sir Henry Chiche- sent back. Pirates 1, 8, 28, and ley, the deputy governor of Virginia, to be dealt with there 30 Septem. according to law.t
and Mary. .
The ecclesiastical affairs of New York also required atten- Church af- tion. Eliphalet Jones, the minister at Huntington, on Long New York. fairs in Island, was dealt with for denying baptism to the children of those whom he charged with " loose lives." At Staten Island and Albany there was trouble about their clergymen. In the metropolis, Domine Van Nieuwenhuysen, the patri- arch, went to his rest ; and the Consistory of the Dutch Church called, as his successor, Domine Henricus Selyus, who, having refused their invitation in 1670, now returned to America, and began a new and laborious service.t
* Ord., Warr., etc., xxxii12, 121, 122, 123, 124: Colonial MSS., xxx., S7; Ixix., "; Col. Rec. Conn., iii., 100, 313, 314; Report of Boundary Commissioners, 1557, 42, 43, 105, 106; Bolton's Westchester, i., 175, 176, 816-319 ; Col. Doc .. ii., 233 : ante, 53-53.
+ Ord. . Warr., etc., xxxiix, 138-147, 156, 157: Entries, xxxiii., 2. 3. 8. 9 ; Col. MISS., xxx., 111, 117, 118, 119 ; Col. Rec. Conn., ifi., 314-520; R. I. Rec., ifi., 119, 120; Arnold, i., 460.
* Col. Doc .. ilf., 646; Doc. Hist., ii., 247 : jit., 210, 244. 533-535: Thompson, i., 451 ; Col. MSS., xxx., 97 ; Murph. Anthol. ; Dank, and slayt. Jour. ; Corr. CL. Amit. ; ante, 175, 331.
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362
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAP. VII.
Meanwhile the Jesuit missions among the Iroquois had been declining. In 1680 James de Lamberville left C'agh nawaga, and joined his brother John, the superior, at Onon- daga ; while Vaillant remained a year longer alone at Tion- montoguen, and then gave up the Mohawk mission. Millet staid among the Oneidas, and Carheil among the Cayu- gas. Raffeix having left the Senecas, Garnier remained alone among them, but with less influence-probably caused by the visit of La Salle, and, perhaps, by the presence of Father Melithon Watteau in Fort Conty, at Niagara .*
1679. 7 August. the West.
After leaving the Upper Niagara, La Salle had sailed in the Griffin through Lake Erie, traversed the other lakes beyond, and anchored safely in Green Bay. The bark was 13 Septem, quickly freighted with furs, and sent back to Niagara, with orders to return to the head of Lake Michigan ; and La Salle, with his exploring party, coasted southward in canoes. But the Griffin was never heard of again, and the first decked vessel built in Western New York is supposed to 1680. January. have foundered between Green Bay and Mackinac. Dis- heartened by his reverses, La Salle built a fort on the Il- linois River, below Lake Peoria, which he appropriately 90 Feb'y. named "Crevecoeur." Hennepin was now dispatched, with Hennepin's rascality. two Frenchmen, in a canoe, down the Illinois, to explore the Upper Mississippi. The father accordingly visited the great falls of the latter river, which he named after his pa- tron, Saint Anthony of Padua. Afterward he met some Canadian fur-traders, under Daniel du Luth, with whom he 1681. 6 April. came back to Michilimackinack. After remaining there until Easter, he returned to Niagara, whence he revisited the great Seneca village of Todehacto, or Conception, 26 May. where, on Whitsunday, he conferred with Tegancourt, the chief of the tribe. At Montreal Hennepin was cordially received by Frontenac, to whom he gave "an exact ac- November. count" of his adventures; and he soon afterward sailed from Quebec to France, without having met La Salle since their parting at Fort Crevecoeur, in February, 1680.t
* Col. Doc., ill., 518 ; ix., 171, 190, 193, 162, SOS ; Shea's Missions, 274, 986, 259, 293, 224, 313, 374, 410 ; Disc. Miss., 91; Sparks's La Salle, 26; ante, 326, 327.
t Hennepin's Louisiana, 50-187, 188-312; New Discovery, 77-141, 145-909: La Potherie, ii., 137-140; Ilist. Col. Lou., i., 54, 56, 200-214; N. Y. H. S. Coll., ii., 245, 216; Col. Doc., iii .. 254; ix., 131, 132, 155, 141, 158, 334, 595; Col. MISS., xxxv., 160 ; Shea's Discovery, 91-145, 161; Sparks's La Salle, 26-50, 78-23; Charlevoix, li., 267, 271; Garneau, i., 233-241 ; an'', 321, 324. It need hardly be repeated to scholars that Ilequepin's afterthought, in his " New
1682. The Jesuita among the Iroquois.
363
ANTHONY BROCKHOLLS, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.
After dispatching Hennepin up the Mississippi, La Salle CHAP. VII. left Tonty in command of Crevecoeur, and returned on foot to Fort Frontenac, after directing a new fort, which he 1680. 2 March. named " Saint Louis," to be built near the present town of La Salle's l'eoria, in Illinois. Before this fort was completed, six tures. adven- hundred Iroquois and Miamis, commanded by the Seneca chief Tegancourt, attacked the weaker prairie warriors of 10 Septem. the Illinois, of whom twelve hundred were slain or taken captive. La Salle, on reaching Cataracouy, had meanwhile found himself overwhelmed with misfortunes-" in a word, that except the Count de Frontenac, all Canada seemed in league against his undertaking." Duchesnau, the intend- ant, wrote to Paris that, under pretext of discoveries, the 13 Novem. intrepid explorer of France in the New World was trading with the Ottawas, in violation of his patent from the king. After sending to Frontenac a memoir of his doings, in which he recommended the Ohio as a "shorter and better" 9 Novera. route to the great West, La Salle went back to the Illinois December. country, where he found his fort, Saint Louis, deserted. 1681. Thence he returned to Michilimackinack, where he met his June. lieutenant, Tonty, and then went down to Montreal to re- cruit his own forces. Embarking at the head of the Ni- agara, the undismayed adventurer returned to the Miami. 23 August. Duchesnau, the intendant of Canada, had always been La Salle's backbiter. This was the inevitable antagonism of · genius and inferiority. But the noble-minded Frontenac prophesied to his king that, despite of the obstacles and 2 Novem. Frontenac misfortunes he had encountered, La Salle would still " ac- and Du-
chesnau complish his discovery ; and that, if he were a living man, differ. he would proceed, next spring, to the South Sea."*
Frontenac's prediction that La Salle would succeed was fulfilled. Early the next year the follower of Jolliet and 1682. Marquette floated down the Illinois River, and traced the & Fety. 7 April. stream of the Mississippi until at last its yellow waters be- La Salle er. plores the came salt, and the sea was discovered in the Gulf of Mex- Mississippi ico. The American problem of the century was solved. Frenchmen had reached the outlet which Spaniards had
Discovery," of his having descended the Mississippi to the Gulf, is an audacious falsehood : see Bancroft, iii., 107, 202; Sparks's La Salle, 52-91, 1SC-193 ; Shea's Discovery, 103-106.
* Colonial Doc., ix., 147, 148, 158, 103, 164: Quebec MISS. (ii), iv., 9, 51, 72 ; Charlevoix, ii., 272, 278, 275, 276; N. Y. H. S. Coll., il., 246-203; Hist. Coll. Lon., i., 55-59 ; Hennepin's Dia- covery, 307-317; Sparks's La Salle, 50-79, 93, 24; shea's Discovery, 147-165; Jesuit Mi -- sions, 411, 412; Garneau, i., 244, 243; Hist. Mag., v., 106-199.
304
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Cuar. Vir. explored one hundred and thirty-nine years before. With grateful hearts La Salle and his comrades chanted the
2 April.
1682. sublime hymns, " Vexilla regis prodeunt," and " Te Deum Laudamus." A cross, bearing the arms of France, was set up on the " delta" of the Mississippi ; and La Salle took for- mal possession of all the vast region he had been the first " Louisi- European wholly to traverse, which, in honor of his sover- ana" nam- ed by La Salle. eign, he named "Louisiana." On his return to Illinois, he 8 October. sent to France the details of his triumphant discovery."
In the mean time, the administration of Canada had been changed. The governor and the intendant had quarreled. 13 Novem. Duchesnau recommended the purchase of New York, where- by the French would obtain " the most fertile and the finest 2 Novem. country in North America." Frontenac asked for more sol- diers, to occupy forts on Lakes Ontario and Erie, and pre- vent the savages from carrying their beaver to New York. Frontenac To cut the knot, Louis recalled both Duchesnau and Fron- chesnaure- tenac, notwithstanding the latter was supported by the in- and Du- called from Canada. fluence of his relative, Madame de Maintenon. War with the Iroquois appeared to be at hand. Irritated because La Salle and his men were cultivating friendship with the Il- linois, who were their enemies, the Senecas and Onondagas robbed the French trading bark at Niagara, and cut her cable. This was done because Andros had ordered " not to suffer any French to trade there." The Iroquois were accordingly invited to send deputies to Montreal the next summer. But they insisted that Frontenac should visit them at Oswego, or at " La Famine," or the Salmon River, neither of which places suited the Onnontio of Canada. 11 Septem. Teganis-o- ren, or De kancsora. The next autumn, Teganissoren, or Dekanesora. an elo- quent Onondaga chief, visited Frontenac, at the suggestion of Lamberville, and told him that the English had sent agents on horseback to invite the Iroquois to come to Al- bany, but that they had declined to go, and now asked Onnontio to visit them at Oswego. The speech was inter- 12 Septem, preted by the experienced Charles le Moyne, whom the Le Moyne,
23 March.
or " Oques- Iroquois had named " Acossen," or " Oquesse," meaning, in EC.1: English, " the partridge." Frontenac explained to Dekan- esora why he could not go to Oswego, and promised to meet
* Col. Doc., ix .. 108. 213. 214; She's Discovery, xil .- xv .. 148, 163-184 ; N.Y. I. S. ('Il., ii . 263-985; Hist. Cell. Lou., i .. 45-50. 50-65 ; Sparks's La Salle, 95-108, 194-902: La Pothoric, L., 143-143 ; Charlevoix, il., 276, 277, ES6; Garneau, i., 243, 244; Bancroft, i., 51-5); ili. , 103.
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365
1735128
ANTHONY BROCKHOLLS, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.
the Iroquois at Cataracouy the next spring, "at the first CHAP. VII. flowing of the sap.""
1682.
de la Barre,
of Canada.
This was not so to be. Louis had already commissioned Le Febvre de la Barre to be his governor, and the Sieur de Febvro 10 May. Meulles his intendant of Canada. The former had distin- Governor guished himself, in 1667, by his naval exploits against the English in the West Indies. Yet he had neither Frontenac's skill to elude obstacles, nor his ability to overcome them. De la Barre was authorized to attack the Senecas and On- ondagas if he felt sure to succeed. But Louis directed his Canadian governor to "merely permit Sicur de la Salle to complete the discovery he has commenced, as far as the mouth of the said Mississippi River, in case he consider, after having examined it with the Intendant, that such dis- covery can be of any utility."t
On reaching Quebec, De la Barre summoned an assem- 10 October. bly of the chief officers of Canada, the Jesuit missionaries, at Quebec. Assembly and others, at which it was agreed that, to check English and maintain French influence among the Western sav- ages, the Iroquois should be attacked by the Canadians ; but regular French soldiers must be sent over to garrison Forts Frontenac and La Galette. In his reports to France, 12 Novem. De la Barre pressed for supplies, and declared that La Salle's imprudence had provoked the hostility of the New York Indians, and that his discoveries in the West should not be considered "as very important."+
Meanwhile the Iroquois had troubled the Southern En- glish colonies. The Senecas remained faithful to their treaty of 1677; but the other confederates let their young men make incursions into the Piscataway country, at the head of the Chesapeake, where they robbed and killed some English subjects. Lord Baltimore accordingly sent 15 May. Colonels Henry Coursey and Philemon Lloyd to confer and New with the New York savages. Brockholls directed the of- York. ficers at Albany to aid the Maryland agents, but to allow no talk with the Iroquois, unless in their presence. Inter-
' Colonial Doc., ilf., 442; iv., 122 : ix., 130-166, 168-193, 796, TOS; Quebec MISS. (ii.), iv., 51-136 ; La Hontan, i., 46; Colden, i., 65; Hennepin's New Discovery, 27. 28; Douniol, ii., 852-363; Charley., ii., 273-295; Garneau, i., 211-221 ; Shen'a Disc. Misa., TO, So; ante, 525.
Maryland
+ Col. Doc., ix., 167, 103, 727; Ice. Ilist., i., 65; Charlevoix, il., 278; Garnenu, i., 247, 246; Entick's British Marine, 45; ante, 126.
# Col. Doc., ix .. 194-196, 798; Doc. Hist .. i., 65-67; Quebec MSS. (ii.), iv., 18;, 140; Charle- voix, il., 255-250; Shea's Disc., 148; Garneau, i., 248, 249 ; Sparks's La Salle, 108.
MITZA
366
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAP. VII. views were accordingly held, and Brockholls congratulated Lord Baltimore at the happy result of the negotiation. Not 1682. long afterward the commander visited Albany, where an- 3 August. 14 August. other Roman Catholic, Lieutenant Jervis Baxter, had been 1) August. commissioned by the Duke of York to do duty in place of Salisbury, " for his eminent services." Fourteen captives 17 Novemn. taken by the Iroquois were released and quickly sent home to Maryland, with a friendly letter from Brockholls to Bal- timore .*
The relation between New York and her territory on the Delaware meanwhile ended; and another North American state was founded in England. During the negotiations between New Netherland and Maryland in 1659, the Dutch insisted that, as Lord Baltimore's patent covered only savage or uninhabited territory, it could not affect their own pos- New York session of the Delaware region. Accordingly, they held it and the Delaware territory. against Maryland until it was taken from them by the Duke of York in 1664. But James's title by conquest had never been confirmed to him by a grant from the king; and Ce- cilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, insisted that Del- aware belonged to Maryland. To quiet controversy, the duke had offered to buy off Baltimore's claim, to which he would not agree. Penn afterward refused a large offer by Fenwick "to get of the duke his interest in Newcastle and those parts" for West Jersey.t.
Thus stood the matter when the Pennsylvania charter was sealed. Its proprietor soon found that his province, wholly inland, wanted a front on the sea. As Delaware was " necessary" to Pennsylvania, Penn "endeavored to get it" from the duke, by maintaining that Baltimore's preten- sion " was against law, civil and common." Charles Cal- vert, the third Lord Baltimore, was "very free" in talking against the Duke of York's rights ; but he could not circum- vent Penn. The astute Quaker readily got from James a 21 August. quit-claim of all his interest in the territory included with- in the proper bounds of Pennsylvania. After a struggle, :1 August. Penn also gained the more important conveyances to hin-
" Ord., Warr., etc., xxxii), 99, 113-115, 127-137, 150, 151; Entries, xxxiii .. 3, 15, 18, 19, 47; Colonial MSS., xxx., 12, 101, 102: Col. Doc., iii., 523-228, 851, 423, 455. 503. 610. 1154 : Doc. Hist., ili .. CCS; ante. 310, 327. Colden does not mention this embassy from Maryland. t Col. Doc., ii., 74, SOLS; ; ilf., 155; Mass. II. S. Coll., xxxvii., 019 ; Pean. Archives, i., 10; ante, i., c6 :- 009; ii., 51, 85, 150.
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ITBIR
367
ANTHONY BROCKHOLLS, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.
self of the duke's interest in all the region within a circle CAP. VII. of twelve miles diameter around Newcastle, and extending southward as far as Cape Henlopen."
1682. 24 Angust.
The triumphant Penn set sail the next week. At New- Penn gains the Dela-
castle he received from James's agents formal possession of ware terri- the surrounding territory, and of the region farther south. 1 Septem. tory. In honor of the duke, Penn directed Cape Henlopen to be 7 Novem. 28 October. called Cape "James ;" but posterity refused to confirm the courtly Quaker's decree, and HENLOPEN and MAY still re- Cape May and Cape tain the names which their Dutch discoverers first gave to lenlopen. the Capes of the Delaware.t
Penn now hastened to "pay his duty" to the duke at the seat of his provincial government. At New York he was Penn in hospitably received by Brockholls, who, after inspecting his New York.
deeds from James, required the officers on the Delaware to 21 Novem. submit to their new Quaker chief. But in his report to is Decem. Werden, the duke's representative feared that what was left of his province would not defray the charge of its gov- ernment.#
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