USA > New York > History of the state of New York. Vol. II, Pt. 2 > Part 8
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38
In later dispatches De la Barre Jaid the blame of his 13 Novem. failure upon Dongan, who was " filled with chimerical pre- Dongau's tensions," which ought to be stopped by orders from the sions." " preten- King of England, or by force in America. But De Meul- les, the intendant, declared that the governor had been 10 Oct. fooled in the "most shameful manner" by a sycophantic buffoon. The Chevalier Hector de Callieres, the newly- 9 Novem. Hector de arrived governor of Montreal, also wrote that "the most Callier, s's intelligent in these parts believe this peace between us and opinion. the Iroquois uncertain, until they be obliged to leave the Illinois undisturbed."t
14 Novem.
La Salle had meanwhile laid his case before the king, and, supported by Frontenac and Zenobe, had convinced Louis that the discovery of the Valley of the Mississippi was not "very useless." So orders were sent to put La Salle 10 April. again in possession of Fort Frontenac; and he was charged
* Col. Doc., ill., 473; ix., 229-232, 230-230, 242-248, 259 ; Doc. Hist., L, 76-82, 89; La Hontan (ed. 1703), i., 43-57; Pinkerton, xiii., 273-278; La Potherie, ii., 157-165; ill., 57; Charlevoix, ii., 317-319; Colden, S1-90; i., 67-13; Smith, i., 71-77; ante, 299. La HIon- tan Latinized "Grande Gueule" into Grangula ; and Colden, in 1727, or his printer Brad- ford, transformed La Hontan's "Grangula" into Garangula. Colden also took the liberty of altering the well-known Onnontio to ". Younondio." Charlevoix, who charges La lon- tan with irreligion, spite, and invention, also errs in saying that Haaskouaun, or " Grande Gueule," was a Seneca, when he was an Onondaga : and that "La Famine" got its name from the distress of De la Barre's troops in 16-4, when it was so known in 1682 : compare Charlevoix, il., 319, 371 ; iii., 172; vi., 408, 403 : Col. Doc., ix., 172, 174; ante, 36-4.
+ Col. Doc., ix., 222, 241-264: Dec. Ilist., i., 79-31; Charlevoix, il., 318, 321; La Montan, 1., 57.
100
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Ca. VIII. to begin the colonization of "Louisiana" under the French government. La Salle's commission from Louis made him commander " from Fort Saint Louis on the River of the Illinois, unto New Biscay.""
1654. Inuisinna. 11 April.
10 April. De la Barre was also instructed to enforce the ordi- "Tosfing" nances, to punish all " vagabond and loafing Frenchmen" French- men in New York.
who should, without permission, emigrate from Canada " to Orange, Manatte, and other places belonging to the English and Dutch." But he might attack the Iroquois, 31 July. and Louis gave him this extraordinary order: "To dimin- ish as much as possible the number of the Iroquois, and Louis or- ders robust Iroquois € be sont to moreover as these savages, who are very strong and robust, will serve usefully in my galleys, I will that you do every Jis galleys. thing in your power to make a great number of them pris- oners of war, and have them embarked by every opportu- nity that shall offer in order that they be conveyed to France." These instructions were a week in De la Barre's hands, when, at Salmon River, instead of making Iroquois prisoners, he was glad to escape from the sarcastic elo- quence of Grande Gueule. But they led his successor into one of the worst errors ever committed by a Canadian 31 July. governor. The king also directed Barillon, his ambassa- dor at London, to ask the Duke of York to prohibit Don- gan from aiding the Iroquois, and order him to act in con- cert with De la Barre, " to the common advantage of both nations." No such orders, however, were, or could be 1 Novem. 4 Deceni. given at Whitehall, where Dongan's policy was cautiously but fully sustained.t
On his return from Salmon River, Garakontie hastened September. to Albany with news of De la Barre's wonderful treaty with the Five Nations. Dongan had gone down to New The Iro- quois not Onnontio but by lente of Colaer. York; but the commissioners at Albany rebuked the sav. totalk with ages for visiting Onnontio without the leave of Corlaer. "We are sorry and ashamed," answered the Onondaga -. "for now we understand that the Governor of Canada is not so great a man as the English King that lives on the other side of the great water; and we are vexed for har-
* Col. Doc., ix., 201, 213-223, 225, 223. 411: La Hontan, i., T, S: Charlevoix, il , 287. 331. 400; iii., 2; Shen's Discovery, 155-158, 267 : Sparks's La Salle, 109-113; Hist. Coll Ion .. i, 25-34, 87-41; Garneau, i .. 245, 940; ante, 37%.
+ Col. Doc., ili., 951, 832, 053; v., 101 ; Is., 9/0, 200, 222-205, 902-201. 248, 250; Frc. II -1 . i., 72, 13; Charlevoix, il., 820, 321 ; La Hontan, i., 57, 62, CS; Coldlen, i., 242, 230 ; en' , :02.
001
£
407
THOMAS DONGAN, GOVERNOR.
ing given the Governor of Canada so many fine wampum Co. VIII belts."*
1684. The postponed affairs of Pemaquid were now resumed. Pemaquit. The block-house at Merrymeeting was ordered to be im- s Septemn. mediately raised and garrisoned, and the duke's quit-rents "in the County of Cornwall" to be collected. Giles God- 12 Septem. dard, the representative of the county in the New York As- sembly, was also made a captain of its militia, and commiis- 22 October. sioned to be its surveyor of land.t
Some of the inhabitants of Esopus, in the new "County of Ulster," having petitioned the governor for the right to choose their own town officers, were bound over to keep 18 Febr'y. the peace, because they were held to have committed " a rioters. riot," according to English law. Bail was given, and the 6 June. petitioners were fined. But upon acknowledging that they 6 septera. had been "ill advised," they were relieved .;
The magistrates at Southold, having fined Nathaniel Easthamp- Baker, of Easthampton, " only for bringing home an ox of trates. ton magis- his, on the Sunday," were ordered to show cause before the 5 May. governor, and, on doing so, were "referred to law." The house of the Lutheran minister Arensius having been as- Arensius. sessed by the Corporation of New York as that of " a pri- vate person," the governor and council declared their opin- 6 Septem. ion that it should be as free and exempted from taxes as those of the Dutch and French ministers."s
The Reverend Josias Clarke, who had been commission- 16 June. ed by the duke to succeed Gordon as chaplain to the garri- Clarke Josias son, was engaged in a humane and interesting act soon aft- er he reached his post. Among the passengers who had come over in the ship Seaflower, from Scotland, was David Jamison, who had been liberally educated, but held opin- ions which led him to join a company of enthusiasts called "Sweet Singers," who denounced the creeds of Christians, Sweet and the Protestant version of the Bible. Having been ex- amined before the Duke of York, at Edinburgh, Jamison 17 May. was ordered to be sent to America; and Doctor George Jamison. David Lockhart, one of the owners of the Seaflower, in which he came, was authorized to sell him, as a "Redemptioner," to
chaplain.
· Col. Doc., ix., 250, 261 ; Doc. Hist., 1., 50, 91 ; Colden (first ed.), 90.
+ Col. MSS., xxxiii., 40, 48, 01 ; xxxiv., 17. 15, 32 (if ), 2; Maine MI. S. Coll., v., 104-107; : Council Min., v., 45, 49 ; Col. MSS., xxxi., 115, 142, 160. ante. 594.
§ Doc. IfIst., 111., 219, 246; Council Min., v., $1; Col. MISS., xxxi., 98, 173; ante, 273.
405
HISTORY OF THE STATE, OF NEW YORK.
''s. VIIt. any one who would pay the cost of his passage. With the - impulses of a scholar, Clarke at once paid the demand. 1684. which the "chief men of the place" quickly reimbursed to the duke's liberal Episcopal chaplain ; and the exiled Scotch "Sweet Singer" was set to teach a Latin school in New York, "which he attended some time, with great in- dustry and success."*
August.
Jamison teaches a Latin school in New York. 13 October. Common.
At the usual time, new aldermen and common council- Council of men were chosen for the six wards of the metropolis, ac- New York. cording to the "form and method" agreed to by Dongan the autumn before. The governor, in whose hands the ap- pointment of mayor rested, made a grateful concession to the old Dutch feeling by allowing seven persons to be 14 October. named to him, from which he chose Gabriel Minvielle to be the new mayor.1.
21 October to
29 October. Second As- sembly of the prov- inca.
The second meeting of the New York Assembly was held, according to adjournment, and Matthias Nicolls con- tinned to be its speaker. But, in place of Secretary Spragy, Robert Hammond was appointed clerk. Thirty-one laws were passed by the Assembly and assented to by the gov- ernor. Among them was an act to confirm previous judg- ments, and to abolish the General Court of Assizes. The Revenue Bill was also amended, in conformity to the "hint" of the duke's commissioners. An act was also passed " for the encouragement of Trade and Navigation within this Province," which laid a duty of ten per cent. upon all goods imported into New York from any other colony where such goods were not produced. The object of this law was to prevent the "refractory" people of Sonthold and other towns at the east of Long Island, who were "very loath to have any commerce" with the me- tropolis, from "carrying their oil to Boston, and bringing goods from thence into this Government."}
Provincial Navigation Law.
* Col. Doc., ilf., 352, 415; iv., 400, 429, 442, 823; v., 479 ; Doc. Hist., ii., 14; fil., 73, 245; Deeds, viii., 31 ; Col. MSS., xxxi., 147 ; xxxii., 20, 42 ; xxxiii., 75, 90, 804; xxxiv. (ii.), 23- 33; Burnet, i., 526 ; Wodrow, iii., 343-055; iv., 85; Crookshank, ii., 135, 272; Whitehead's E. J. Contributions, 88-40, 567; Secret Services, Ch. IL. and Jac. II., SS; ante, 374.
Col. MSS., xxxiii., 57, 65; Min. of Com. Council, i., 267, 270; Val. Man., 1853, 331, 363; ante, 350. There is much curious and valuable information, which I have not the space to reproduce, in the N. Y. Common Council and Surrogate's Records; among other things, s report about Fort James : compare Val. Man., 1855, 551-553 ; 1964, 636, 637; Wills, iv., 1- 15; Col. Doc., 300, 221; Col. MISS., xxxiii., 15; xxxiv., i., 23, 24.
Council Journ., i., Int. xii., xiii. ; Wood, 90, 101 ; Thompson, i., 162 ; Daly's Sketch, 01: Col. Dor., ill., 341, 340, 855, 5$2, 391, 399, 402, 197; v., 58; Coun. Min., v., 51, 52, 103, lvy; ante, 38 1.
409
THOMAS DONGAN, GOVERNOR.
The Court of Assizes having " ceased and determined," Ca. VIII. was replaced by the Court of Oyer and Terminer, of which Nicolls and Paliner had been appointed judges. After his 1684. Court of dismissal from the government of New Jersey, Rudyard Oyer aud came to New York, and, having been a London lawyer, Terminer. August. was commissioned by Dongan " to act on all occasions" as ' Rudyard. the duke's attorney general. It was also ordered that a 16 Febr'y. Court of Chancery, to consist of the governor and his coun- Chancery. Court of cil, should be held on the first Thursday of every second month in the year, and Dongan appointed John Spragg to 20 Decem. be master of the rolls, and John Knight and Recorder James Graham to be its clerks. Under his Vice-Admiral- ty Commission from the Lord High Admiral in English Plantations, the governor appointed Justice Palmer, of the 30 May. Oyer and Terminer, to be judge, in place of Collector Santen, Secretary Spragg, register, and John Cavalier, marshal. Dongan, however, following the practice of his predecessors, acted as surrogate, before whom wills made in Surrogate. the province were proved."
Admiralty.
Judge Palmer was soon afterward sworn a counselor. 1 Decem. Jan Jansen Bleecker, and Johannes Wendell, who had long been magistrates, were also appointed captains of infantry 13 Decem. at Albany, and Peter Schuyler lieutenant of horse. The people at the east of Long Island continued to give the governor much trouble ; and he was obliged to tell them 24 Decem. that they would "neither be easy themselves, nor suffer and troub- Long Isl- others to be so." In spite of the Navigation Law of their lesome. own province, they would smuggle and carry on illicit trade with Boston. Dongan and his council were there- 1685. fore forced to determine that "the inhabitants of East. 3 April. hampton having refused to sell their oil and commodities, unless Boston money was given for it, or pieces of eight equivalent to them, and several abuses committed to the prejudice of His Majesty's Customs' revenue being inform- ed of, Ordered that a Proclamation be sent, prohibiting all
* Col. Doc., iii., 351, 352, 389, 412, 414 ; iv., $47 ; Council Min., v., 47, 45, 40, 86, 142 ; Col. MSS., xxxii., 32; xxxiii., 77, 79, 216 ; xxxiv., 3, 12, 13, 14. 21; Commissions, i., 61; N. Y. Surrogate's Office, Wills, i., ii. ; Wood's Long Island, 90, 101, 103; Whitehead's E. Jersey, 92, 124, 125; Leaming and Spicer, 197; Daly's Sketch, 31, 32, 51, 52; Revised Laws, 1813, ii., App. ix. ; ante, 356, 302. Judge Daly, in his Sketch, p. 30, 51, does not appear to have known that the New York Courts of Admiralty were appointed by the several governors, un- der their separate commissions from the Duke of York as Lord High Admiral of the En- glish Plantations : ante. 319. When James became king, he gave his governor a larger commission : Col. Doc., ill., 350, 540 ; post, 452.
1
410
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Un. VIII. vessels to come and trade at any port but the City of New York.""
1655.
2 Febr'y.
The Corporation of the City of New York now von d that their governor should be " treated with," to confirm to it all the vacant land in and about the metropolis, as far as low-water-mark, and all the other franchises which it claim- ed. Dongan and his council soon afterward charged the Mayor of New York "not to give freedom to any but such as are qualified by Act of Assembly, and will give security to give ' scott and lott' for three years." This was in con- formity with the ancient Dutch practice, which maintained that all traders must keep "fire and light" at home, and made the "hearth-stone" the only test of a multifarious citizenship.t
23 March. Corpora- tion of New York City.
Staten Idand.
The proprietors of East Jersey, relying on the Duke of York's release to them of the 14th of March, 1683, had meanwhile revived the claim to Staten Island, which Lady Carteret had made in 1681. Their agents "dispersed printed papers" to the disturbance of the inhabitants and landowners there, so that even Judge Palmer thought it prudent to secure his own title by obtaining additional pat- ents from the Jersey proprietors. Dongan is said to have done the same. Yet it was notorious that, after that island had been "adjudged to belong to New York" in 1668, it had been bought for the duke by Lovelace in April, 1670; and that in March, 1683, the East Jersey Assembly had conceded it to New York, by not including the island in either of the four counties then established. With full knowledge of the duke's release, Dongan had approved the law of November, 1683, which declared the New York County of Richmond to contain "all Staten Island" and the adjoining islands.
1684. 9 Febr'y. 93 Febr's. Officers duties.
Samuel Winder, the former prosecutor of Collector Dy. er, was accordingly commissioned to be clerk and register of that county, and directed to collect the quit-rents due within it; and Philip Wells, the surveyor general of the province, was ordered to lay out all the lands on Staten Island, according to each owner's patent. Thomas Love-
* Council Min., v., 100, 103, 153; Col. MISS., xxxiii., 81, 97, 103.
t Min. of Com. Conn., i .. 272; Council Min., v., 107; Col. MISS., xxxiii., 104; ante, vol. i., 628, 634, 543; il., 391. Hoffman does not notice, in his Treatise, this application of the Common Council of the city.
411
THOMAS DONGAN, GOVERNOR.
lace, the sheriff of Staten Island, was afterward directed Cu. VIII. to summon all persons not having land titles before the 1684.
governor and council." The metropolitan memorial in 1 Decem. March, 1684, praying the duke to reannex East Jersey, ap .. pears to have brought the question to a crisis. "Because of some rumors I have met with," replied James to Don- 23 August. gan, " as if some of your neighbors, under colour of grants No "inno- vation" on from myself, or upon some other groundless pretences, en- the Hud- deavour all they can to obstruct the trade of New York be suf- son River and Albany, I think it fit hereby to recommend that to you fered. in an especial manner, that you may not suffer any innova- tion within that river." The next day, Werden added, 27 August. with reference to a proposed sale of Billop's plantation on Staten Island, opposite Amboy, that Dongan should "en- deavor to procure some inhabitant of New York rather to buy it, than suffer any of those of New Jersey to doe it; but whosoever buys land in that Island, it being under your government, he must be liable, as well as others, to the laws thereof." Not long afterward, when the claim of the East Jersey proprietors had been reported, Werden wrote more distinctly, "Staten Island, without doubt, be- 1 Novem. longs to the Duke; for if Sir George Carteret had had and "with. Staten Isl- right to it, that would have been long since determined, clongs to out doubt" New York. and those who broach such fancies as may disturb the quiet of possessions in that Island are certainly very inju- rious to the Duke, and we think have no colour for such pretences." This was written by the duke's secretary, who witnessed his release to the proprietors of East New Jersey, and knew its true intent.t.
But when Perth, and Mackenzie, and Drummond - the Scotch proprietors of East Jersey, and the personal friends of the duke-heard that Dongan had proposed that their colony should be brought again under the govern- ment of New York, they spoke to James, whom they found to be "verie just, and to abhorr the thoughts of allowing
* Col. MISS., xxxiii., 69; xxxiv., 11. On 27 August, 1CS4. Elizabeth, widow of the late Governor Philip Carteret, petitioned Pongan for some meadow-land on the island, formerly granted to her husband by the New York governors : Col. MISS., xxxi., 164; Hist. Mag., x., 207-090; ante, 150, 166, 350, 559, 369, 371, 386.
t Col. Doc., ill., 343, 349, 350, 252, 354; Col. MISS., xxxiii , 69; xxxiv., 14; Council Min., v., 102; Chalmers's Ann., i., 621, 628; Leaming and Spicer, 141-15 ). 229, 6ST; Whitehead's East Jersey, 124, 216, 217; Contributions, 94; Eastern Boundary, 30, 43, 44, 40, 50; Index N. J. Col. Doc., 1'5; an, 232.
412
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
C'H VIII. any thing to be done contrary to what he hath past nader
his hand and seall." They also discoursed with his cons- 1684. missioners at London, whom they supposed they had con- .
13 Feb'y. Dongan's
reply.
vinced " of the reasons which induce us not to yield to such 22 August. a proposall." Accordingly, they wrote from Edinburgh " a Perth's letter to very angry letter" to Dongan, in which they desired him to Dongan. "lay aside all thoughts of attempting what may reflec! upon the justice or honour of your master, or may give it 1685. just reason to complain." Dongan, " mightily surprized" at this letter, replied that he had only done his duty in repre- senting to the duke " the great inconveniencies of having two distinct governments upon one River, yours having the advantage of being some leagues nearer the sea than we are. Your agents have dispersed printed papers, to the disturbance of the inhabitants of Staten Island. It hath been in the possession of his Royal Highness above twenty years (except the little time the Dutch had it), purchased by Governor Lovelace from the Indians in the time of Sir George Carteret, without any pretences, 'till your agents made claimne to it." At the same time, Dongan wrote to Werden, that if vessels were allowed to come to Amboy without entering at New York, it would be impossible to prevent smuggling into Staten Island. "The Quakers making continual pretences to Staten Island disturbs the people. More than two hundred families are settled on it. And in case his Royal Highness cannot retrieve East Jer- sey, it will doc well to secure Hudson's River, and take away all claim to Staten Island."*
18 Feb'y. Dongan complains of New Jer:ey.
1684. If New York was troubled about New Jersey, she was quieted about Connecticut. Under the agreement of No- & May. 26 Septem. vember, 1683, Dongan appointed commissioners to meet those of Connecticut, to lay out a boundary-line between 10 October. the two colonies. The joint commissioners accordingly cut bound- met at Stamford, and went to the Byram River. From Connecti- ary ar- ranged. there they surveyed the proper courses, of which they made a map and report. These having been approved by the 1685. council of New York, Dongan met Treat at Milford. The 23 Feb'y. two governors there signed a ratification, which was order-
* Col. Doc., iii., 348, 353, 354, 356; Chalmers's Ann., i., C27, 62S, 629 ; Whitehead' . I. J .. 214-217; Clarke's James II., i., 751. Chalmers conjectures that Dongan's "spirited ao- swer" to Lord Perth " probably contributed to procure his recall" in 16SS. This may be so ; but the real reasons will be afterward explained; post, 501.
413
THOMAS DONGAN, GOVERNOR.
ed to be recorded in both colonies, and which was confirm- Cn. VIII. ed in England fifteen years afterward."
1685.
While at Milford, Dongan had conferred with Treat about establishing a regular post between New York and fairs. Postal af- the neighboring British colonies as far eastward as Bos- ton. The project had been started by Lovelace in 1673, but, owing to the Dutch war and other causes, it fell through, although Massachusetts afterward appointed a local post- master at Boston. Dongan had proposed to set up post- houses along the coast from Carolina to Nova Scotia ; and 1684. Werden instructed him to offer the privilege for a term of 27 August .. years to any one who would farm it from the duke, whose title to the profits of the English post-office was held to include all the British plantations. The governor, on his 16S5. return from Connecticut, accordingly ordained in the New 2 March. York Council, " that for the better correspondence between Post-office Colonial the colonies of America, a post-office be established; and by New that the rates for riding post be per mile three pence; for York. every single letter, not above one hundred miles, three pence ; if more, proportionably."+
established
Although the eastern boundary of New York was now arranged with Connecticut, her frontier toward Massachu- setts remained unsettled. That colony had insisted that Massachu- her territory extended westward beyond the Hudson River. boundary. The second grant of the king to the Duke of York in 1674, by which he again gave him all the lands between the Hudson and the Connecticut Rivers, was disregarded by Massachusetts ; and Dongan notified Werden that he ex- 18 Feb'y. pected a dispute with that colony about them, it " pretend- ing all along to the south sea, as Connecticut did." The governor accordingly commissioned Clerk West to claim, Claims of on behalf of the duke, Westfield, Northampton, Deerfield, and other towns, which Massachusetts had organized with- River. in his territory of New York, on the west side of the Connec- ticut River. But proceedings under this commission were made unnecessary by what had just been done in England.#
New York on the Con. necticut
* Council Min., v., 243, 241; Col. Doc., iii., 85): iv., 628-630; Col. Rec. Conn., iii., 142, 176, 337-699; Trumbull, i., 365, 306, 401; New York Boundary Report, Sen. Doc., 1857, No. 165, 7, 9, 45, 113, 114: Smith, i., 257; ante, 382.
t Col. Doc., iii., 343, 350, 255, 536 : Council Min., v., 106; Val. Man., 1857, 542, 543; Diass. Rec .. v., 147. 149, 973; Palfrey, ilf., 306 ; Rapin, ii., 655; Anderson, ii., 475; ante, 4, 196-196. * Col. Doc., iii . 112, 240, 836; vi., 508; vii., 504, 6.6; viii., 410; Mass. Rec., iv. (i.), 305, 300; (ii.), 548, 533, 570; C. Wolley, 10, note ; ante, 1>s.
£
414
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Cu. VIII. 1653. In the mean time, political convulsions, which quickly affected the British colonies in America, had disturbed their motherland. A conspiracy against the lives of her sovereign and his heir was detected; which, because it had been hatched at a small farm near London, of that The Rye- name, was commonly called The Rye-House Plot. Sever- Hlouse Plot. al Whigs-some of high social rank-were implicated, con- demned, and executed. Among these victims were the pa- trician Lord William Russell, and the nobler Algernon Sid- ney. To exhibit its subserviency, the University of Oxford 21 July. decreed that "the badge and character" of the Episcopal Church of England was absolute "submission and obedi- ence" to her voluptuous king. Sir George Jeffreys, a bru- tal, impudent lawyer, who had been the Duke of York's solicitor general, was paid for his devotion to his patron by 28 Septem. being made lord chief justice of the "Defender of the Jeffreys chief jus- tlee of En- gland. faith" of Protestant Englishmen. The "Franchise" of the City of London was adjudged to be " seized into the King's hands." Almost every corporation within his realen was deprived of its charter. The despotie power which Charles the Second now grasped in England was clearly demon- strated.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.