USA > New York > New York City > Leslie's history of the greater New York, Volume III, Pt. 1 > Part 12
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GOULD, HELEN MILLER, eldest daughter of the late Jay Gould, has distinguished herself as a philanthropist and patriot. She erected a church in memory of her father near his birthplace in Dela- ware County, New York, and has contributed to schools and other causes there. She has endowed colleges and other educational insti- tutions, and has established many scholarships for the help of young men of limited means, notably in connection with the University of New York. She is herself a graduate of the Law Department of the last-named institution, having taken this course that she might be the more competent to discharge the responsibilities connected with the large fortune which she inherited from her father. She has been an active worker and liberal patron in many movements to aid the poor, -- especially poor children, in New York City and elsewhere, -- and has contributed to hospital work in Westchester County. Just prior to the recent war with Spain she gave her check for $100,000 to the . Federal Government, for use in the National cause, and gave thou- sands of dollars through other agencies, official and unofficial, to ren- der more comfortable the soldiers in the field, camp, and hospital. She also cared for many sick and convalescent soldiers at her home, "Lyndhurst," Irvington-on-the-IIndson. In recognition of these services, Congress gave her a vote of thanks, and ordered a medal
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struck in her honor. She is the only woman ever so honored by the Congress of the United States.
BOGART, JOHN, a civil engineer of national reputation, has been professionally connected with notable public enterprises in New York City and Brooklyn. He was engaged in the original construction of Central Park; laid out Prospect Park, Brooklyn; from 1872 to 1877 was Chief Engineer to the Department of Public Parks of New York City, was Engineer-in-Chief to the Brooklyn Park Commission, was Resident Engineer in the construction of Washington Bridge over the Harlem, and was Consulting Engineer to the Rapid Transit Com- mission. He also laid new lines for the New York Central Railroad Company, was engaged in the enlargement of the Erie, and other State canals; laid out the West Chicago parks, the State Capitol grounds, Nashville, Tenn .; the Albany park, which he likewise de- signed, and did similar work for New Orleans. In the engineering service of the Government during the Civil War he constructed the heavy fortifications on the Rip Raps in Hampton Roads, and incident- ally witnessed the duel between the Merrimae and Monitor. He is a director and the Secretary of the American Society of Civil En- gineers. In 1SS7 he was elected State Engineer of New York. He declined the appointment as Commissioner of Public Works, of- fered him upon the resignation of General Newton in 18SS. He has been Consulting Engineer of the State Board of Health, and to the Commission to Store and Develop the Water Power of the Genesee River. He holds a similar position with the Cataract Construction Company. engaged in the project for utilizing the water power of Ni- agara Falls. The son of the late John Henry Bogart. a prominent merchant of Albany and New York, and Eliza, daughter of John Hermans, of Albany, he was born in the latter city, February 8. 1826, attended the Albany Academy, and in 1853 was graduated from Rut- gers College. His grandfather, Johannes Bogart, was a notable nav- igator on the Hudson River, a lineal descendant of Cornelis Bogaert, who came from Holland to Rensselaerwyck in 1640, and was, in turn, the son of Cornelis, and grandson of Teunis Bogaert, both of Schoen- derwoert, near Leerdam, Holland. Mr. Bogart is a member of the Holland and St. Nicholas societies. the Century Association, and the University, Lawyers', Engineers', Delta Phi, and Essex County clubs.
. ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN, was elected Vice-President of the United States in the fall of 1880, and became its President, Septem- ber 20, 1881, consequent upon the assassination and death of President Garfield. His administration was conservative. In the National Republican Convention of 1884 he received 278 votes on the first ballot for the Presidential nomination, although James G. Blaine finally received the nomination. Mr. Arthur died at his home in
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New York City, November 18, 1886. He was born in Fairfield, Vt., October 5, 1830, the son of Rev. William Arthur and Melvina Stone. His father was a Baptist minister, a native of Ireland, who was edu- cated at Belfast College, subsequently coming to America. He held pastorates at Albany, N. Y., and other places, edited a magazine, compiled a reference work on surnames, and did other literary work in connection with history and the classics. President Arthur was graduated from Union College in 1848, read law, was principal of an academy in Vermont for a short time, and, completing his law studies with Erastus D. Culver, of New York City, in 1853, became a member of the law firm of Culver, Parker & Arthur. In 1852 he was one of the counsel for the negroes in the famous Lemmon slave case, being associated with William M. Evarts and opposed by Charles O'Conor. In the suit of Lizzie Jennings in 1855 he established the right of colored persons to ride in the street cars of this city. He was one of the organizers of the Republican party in the State of New York. In 1861 and 1862 he served on the staff of Governor E. D. Morgan as Engineer-in-Chief, with the rank of Brigadier-General. When the war began he also became Acting Quartermaster-General, with head- quarters in this city, and was effi- cient in preparing and sending for- ward the troops of the State. Be- tween 1862 and 1867 he practiced CHESTER ALAN ARTHUR. law in partnership with Henry G. Gardner, and during the next five years practiced alone, also serving as counsel to the Department of Taxes of the city. In December, 1871, President Grant appointed him Collector of the Port of New York, while about the same time he organized the law firm of Arthur, Phelps & Knevals. He continued as Collector until President Hayes, as a stroke against the Conkling faction in the State of New York, removed him from office in 1878. Hle then resumed his law practice as head of the firm of Arthur, Phelps, Knevals & Ransom. In the Republican National Convention of 1880 he united with Conkling in the unsuccessful attempt to nomi- nate Grant for a third term. The selection of Garfield as Presiden- tial nominee and of Arthur as candidate for the Vice-Presidency was a compromise arrangement in the convention.
PEABODY, CHARLES AUGUSTUS, studied law at Baltimore in the office of Nathaniel Williams, United States District Attorney
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for Maryland, and in the Harvard Law School, and in 1839 engaged in practice in New York City. He was one of the founders of the Republican party in this State in 1855. In 1856 the Governor ap- pointed him a justice of the Supreme Court. Two years later he succeeded Horatio Seymour as Quarantine Commissioner. In 1862 President Lincoln appointed him sole Judge of the United States Pro- visional Court of Louisiana, probably the most extraordinary tribunal ever constituted under the United States Government. Judge Pea- body was empowered to make his own court rules, appoint his own court officers, and hear causes of every kind which could come before any court, while there could be no appeal from his decisions. Many claims of foreign governments against the United States for commer- . cial damages sustained by their subjects came before him. In 1863 he was appointed Chief Justice of Louisiana, but resigned in 1865 and resumed the practice of law in this city. He is a vice-president of the Association for the Reform of the Law of Nations and has frequently attended its annual meetings in Europe. He is a member of the American Historical Association and contributed to its collec- tions a monograph on the extraordinary court of which he was judge. He is a member of the Union League, Century, Church, and Harvard clubs, and the City Bar Association. His first wife was Julia Caroline, daughter of James Duane Livingston and granddaughter of Robert Livingston, last lord of Livingston Manor; his second wife was Mariah E., daughter of John C. Hamilton and granddaughter of Alexander Hamilton; his third wife is Athenia, daughter of Anthony Rutgers Livingston and granddaughter of Robert, last lord of Livingston Manor. His surviving children include one daughter-Mrs. Charles J. Nourse, Jr .- aud three sons-Charles Augustus Peabody, Jr., Pro- fessor George I. Peabody, M.D., and Philip Glendower Peabody, lawyer, of Boston. All his children were by his first wife. Mr. Pea- body was born in Sandwich, N. H., July 10, 1814, the son of Samuel Peabody and Abigail Wood. His father was graduated from Dart- mouth College and was a prominent lawyer. His grandfather, Rich- ard Peabody, was an officer in the Revolution. The founder of the family in America, Francis Peabody, of Welch descent, came to Massachusetts in 1635 from St. Albans, England.
AUCHINCLOSS, JOHN W., from 1880 to 1891 head of the dry- goods commission firm of Auchincloss Brothers, which his father. John Auchincloss, and his grandfather, Hugh Auchincloss, had man- aged before him, in the latter year retired from the active direction of the business to give his attention to his many other interests. He is a trustee of the Mutual Life Insurance Company, and a director of the National Safe Deposit Company, the Illinois Central Railroad Company, the Belleville and Southern Illinois Railroad Company, and the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad Company. He is a
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member of the Metropolitan, Union League, University, and other clubs. He was born in New York City, April 12, 1853, and was graduated from Yale in 1873. He married Joanna H., daughter of the late Charles H. Russell. He has a summer place at Bar Harbor, Me.
AUCHINCLOSS, HUGHI D., second son, and, with his brother, John W., the successor in the drygoods commission business of the late John Auchineloss, was born in Newport, R. L., July 8, 1858, and was graduated from Yale College in 1879. He was engaged with his brother from 1880 to 1891 in the management of the house their grandfather had founded, but in the latter year both brothers re- tired from active business. He is interested in many important corporations, however, and is an officer of several. He is a trustee of the Bowery Savings Bank and the Consolidated Gas Company, and is a director of the Bank of the Manhattan Company, the Farmers' Loan and Trust Company, and the Syracuse, Binghamton and New York Railroad Company. He is a member of the Metropolitan, Union League, University, and New York Yacht clubs. He married Emma B., daughter of the late Oliver B. Jennings. He has a summer home at Newport.
FEARING, CHARLES NYE, long engaged in the drygoods com- mission business in the City of New York, was the brother of the late Daniel Butler Fearing, also a well-known New York merchant, and was the son of William Fearing, a shipping merchant of Massachu- setts, who was born in 1771 and died in 1845, and his wife, Elizabeth Nye; and was the grandson of General Israel Fearing, born in 1747, died in 1826, who was a Revolutionary soldier and Brigadier-General of the Massachusetts Militia, and who married Luey Bourne. General Fearing was fifth in descent from Jolin Fearing, who came from Eng- land to Hingham, Mass., in 1638, and was a prominent officeholder. Charles Nye Fearing was born in 1812, and was graduated from Brown University. Two of his sons still survive him -- Charles F .. and William Henry Fearing, of this city, while a third, the late Ed- ward Swan Fearing, died in 1881. Their mother was Mary, daughter of Benjamin L. Swan.
FEARING, DANIEL BUTLER, an elder brother of the late Charles Nye Fearing, was long a prominent merchant of New York City. He was born in 1804, and married Harriet Richmond, of Provi- dence, R. I. Ilis surviving son, Colonel George Richmond Fearing, principally resides at Newport, R. I., as also did the elder son, the late Henry Seymour Fearing, who died in 1SS6. The present Daniel Butler Fearing, of Newport, is the son of Henry Seymour Fearing, and from his father inherited the Newport estate which his grand- father once owned.
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FEARING, CHARLES F., formerly an active stockbroker of New York City, and more recently an extensive traveler abroad, is the elder surviving son of the late Charles Nye Fearing, well-known drygoods commission merchant of New York. He was born in this city, and in 1863 was graduated from Harvard College. He is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Union, Metropolitan, Har- vard, and Southside Sportsmen's clubs.
FEARING, WILLIAM HENRY, importing merchant of this city, is a brother of Charles F. Fearing and the son of the late Charles Nye Fearing, who was long engaged in the drygoods commission trade in this city. Mr. Fearing is a member of the Union, Metropolitan, and . Tuxedo clubs and other organizations. He married Gertrude, daugh- ter of Joseph Lea, of Philadelphia, and has three sons-Joseph Lea, William Henry, Jr., and Frederick Charles Fearing. Mr. Fearing was born in New York City.
MORGAN, JUNIUS SPENCER, the famous London banker, and the father of J. Pierpont Morgan, of New York City, was himself for some time a resident of this city, and in the banking business here, and will be remembered for his gift to the Metropolitan Museum of Art of the valuable painting by Sir Joslma Reynolds, which he acquired for the purpose of this donation. Ile was born in Ire- land (now West Springfield ), Mass., April 14, 1813, and died at Monte Carlo, April 8, 1890. He learned the banking business with Alfred Welles, of Boston. For eighteen months subsequent to July, 1834, he was a member of the New York banking firm of Morgan. Ketchum & Com- pany. During the next seven- teen years he was a drygoodsmer- chant, his first partnership being with the firm of Howe, Mather & Company, of Hartford, Conn., JUNIUS SPENCER MORGAN. which subsequently became Mather, Morgan & Company. With James M. Beebe, of Boston, he formed in 1851 the celebrated firm of J. M. Beebe, Morgan & Company, one of the largest drygoods establishments in the United States. He visited Europe in 1853, and, as a result, became a partner, October 1, 1854, in the well-known London banking house of George Peabody & Company. Upon the retirement of Mr. Peabody in 1864, he became
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head of the house, its style changing to J. S. Morgan & Company. Un- der this style its fame and influence were greatly increased. During the Civil War Mr. Morgan rendered important financial services to the Federal Goverment, in conjunction with his son, J. Pierpont Morgan, then in the banking business in New York City. Mr. Mor- gan established in 1886, in memory of his mother, the Sarah Morgan Fund for the orphan asylum of Hartford, Conn. He also contributed liberally to Trinity College, of the same city. He was lineally de- scended from Captain Miles Morgan, born in Bristol, England, in 1616, who landed at Boston. in April, 1636, joined Colonel William Pynchon's expedition to Springfield, Mass., of which he became one of the founders, and served against the Indians in King Philip's War. The citizens of Springfield in 1879 erected a bronze statue to his memory in the public square of that city. He was the great-grandson of Sir John Morgan, his line including such other families of the Welsh nobility as the Llewellyns and Ivors, and was descended from the celebrated Cadivorfawr, a chieftain of Dyfed, or Pembrokeshire, who died 1089 A.D. Mr. Morgan married Juliet, daughter of the late Rev. John Pierpont, the versatile poet and abolitionist, a graduate of Yale and the Harvard Divinity School. pastor in Boston, New York, and elsewhere, candidate of the Liberal party for Governor of Massachu- setts, and of the Free Soil party for Congress, and Chaplain in the Civil War at the age of seventy-six. He was descended from the family of Pierpont, dnkes and earls of Kingston, the first of the line in America being John Pierpont, of Roxbury, Mass., son of James Pierpont, of London, England.
MORGAN, JOHN PIERPONT, as senior member of the London banking honse of J. S. Morgan & Company, and of the New York house of J. P. Morgan & Company, is at the head of two of the most powerful financial houses of the world, situated, respectively, in the financial capitals of the two hemispheres. He was born in Hartford, Conn., April 17, 1837, attended the Boston High School, completed his education at the University of Göttingen, Germany, and in 1857 entered the New York banking firm of Duncan, Sherman & Company. In 1860 he became the agent and attorney in the United States of George Peabody & Company, of London, with which famons banking house his father, the late Junius S. Morgan, had been connected as partner since 1854. When the latter became head of the London house in 1864, under the style of J. S. Morgan & Company, Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan became a member of the closely allied New York firm of Dabney, Morgan & Company, which his financial skill brought into great prominence. But the crowning stroke, in the alliance of capital and connections, was consummated in 1871, in the organi- zation of the New York firm of Drexel, Morgan & Company. In in- timate connection with this firm were thus brought the firms of Drexel
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& Company, of Philadelphia; J. S. Morgan & Company, of London, and Drexel, Harjes & Company, of Paris, with the lesser connections of each. Mr. Anthony J. Drexel soon retired from active business, and his death left Mr. Morgan nominal as well as actual head of the New York house, which was reorganized under its present style of J. P. Morgan & Company. The death of his father, in 1890, also left him head of the London house of J. S. Morgan & Company. In con- junetion with his father, during the Civil War, Mr. Morgan rendered important services to the Federal Government. During the second Cleveland administration he not merely guaranteed the success of an immense bond issue, but to avert a panic, at a time when the public credit had become seriously impaired, he accomplished the unprece- dented undertaking, scoffed at as chimerical and absurd, of con- trolling exchange, so as to prevent the withdrawal of gold from the United States Treasury for export. But the most remarkable achieve- ment of Mr. Morgan has been the employment of his power to give to the chief American securities a stability previously unknown and seemingly unattainable. Financiers do not need to be reminded of the ruinous and chaotic state of affairs a few years ago, when railroad companies and other great corporations too often conducted their affairs in the belief that good financiering required wars of exter- mination against all competitors. Not only was a condition of chronic uncertainty and instability thus produced, but the frequent wrecking of great enterprises was constantly entailing min upon in- vestors, and deterring others from touching these stocks. To this situation Mr. Morgan addressed himself. The financial interests at his command enabled him to form connections with great rivals, and to have an important voice in the affairs of each. It could not be expected that his interest in the one could make agreeable to him a raid upon his interest in the other, and he was able to bring con- vincing arguments in demonstration that the interests of all alike would be best served if the great energies wasted in mutual brigand- age were utilized in developing the resources naturally belonging to each. Perhaps the first instance of this kind affecting immense in- terests which reached the public ear was the case of the New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroad systems. The former had been poaching upon the coal preserves of Pennsylvania, while the latter, in retaliation, had been extending aid and comfort to the West Shore, the new rival of the Central in this State. In the rate-war which resulted the West Shore was well nigh exterminated. Out of such a state of affairs the power and skill of Mr. Morgan were able to bring peace and prosperity to all concerned. The rival systems ceased their encroachments, while the stockholders of the West Shore were saved by the placing of that line under the auspices of its erstwhile enemy, the New York Central, which now as a friend and ally was able to throw prosperity in its way. Not less notable was the financial resur-
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rection of the Philadelphia and Reading in 1887, when Mr. Morgan formed a syndicate of capitalists and reorganized this road. For the Erie, the Northern Pacific, and the Southern Railway he successfully performed similar services, bringing them back to financial life when they seemed to have suffered hopeless collapse. Thus we find a policy inaugurated, on the principle of a great financial balance of power, whereby its author conserves interests which otherwise would be engaged in conflicts mutually injurious and destructive-a policy which enables its author to maintain in very practical ways the rela- tion of mutual friend toward such competitors as the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading, and toward the New York Cen- tral and West Shore on the one side, and the Erie on the other. Who has not heard of the savage campaigns of the past between the Van- derbilt and Gould interests? To-day we find Mr. Morgan upon the directorate of the New York Central and the Western Union Telegraph Company alike, the West Shore, and the Manhattan. If domestic peace and internal harmony and confidence have resulted from this poliey, it has been no less effective in bringing foreign investors to our doors. Mr. Morgan is a director of a large number of corpo- rations, while the various members of his firm represent the house on the directorates of many more. He was a member of the syndi- cates that erected the Madison Square Garden and the new Metro- politan Opera House. He has presented valuable paintings to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and for the Museum of Natural History acquired the unique and exceedingly valuable collection of Ameri- can gems and gem minerals exhibited by Tiffany & Company at the Paris Exposition. He endowed the New York Trade School for half a million dollars, and erected St. George's Memorial House. He is President of the Metropolitan Club, and a member of the Union, Union League, Century, Knickerbocker, Tuxedo, Riding, Racquet, Players', Lawyers', Whist, New York Yacht, and Seawanhaka-Cor- inthian Yacht clubs.
CHANLER, WINTHROP, is the son of the late Hon. JJohn Win- throp Chanler, a leading lawyer and Democratic leader of this city, who was elected to the Assembly and to Congress. His mother was Margaret Astor, only daughter of Samuel Ward, Jr. He is the grandson of Rev. John White Chanler, an Episcopal clergyman, and Elizabeth Sheriffe Winthrop, a descendant of Governor John Win- throp. His great-grandfather, Dr. Isaac Chauler, a prominent physi- cian of Charleston, was the first President of the South Carolina Medi- cal Society, and a Surgeon in the Continental Army during the Revo- lution. Mr. Winthrop Chanler is Secretary and Treasurer of the Roan- oke Rapids Power Company, and a member of the Union, Knicker- bocker, Tuxedo, City, Racquet, and Players' clubs, of New York, and the Metropolitan Club, of Washington. He was born in New York City. His wife is Margaret, daughter of John Terry.
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AVERY, SAMUEL PUTNAM, has long been identified with the progress of art in the United States. In 1867, Secretary of State William H. Seward appointed him United States Commissioner in charge of the American Fine Art Department at the Paris Universal Exhibition. In 1868 he began to deal in art works, and being intimate with many foreign artists he became an extensive importer and in- troducer of their pictures in this country. He retired from active business in 1887. In 1870 he was Secretary of the Art Committee of . the Union League Club, which called the meeting leading to the foundation of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He has been a trustee of this institution from the beginning, and is Chairman of its Com- mittee of Art. In memory of his lamented son, Henry Ogden Avery, the brilliant young artist-architect, he founded the Avery Architec- tural Library at Columbia University. He contributed to Lossing's " History of New York City " a chapter on the " Progress of the Fine Arts in New York during Fifty Years." He was born in this city, March 17, 1822, the son of the late Samuel P. Avery. He early learned to engrave on steel, with a banknote company, but soon took up wood- engraving, which he followed until 1866, illustrating for Harper & Brothers, and other well-known finns.
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