USA > New York > New York City > Old New York : a journal relating to the history and antiquities of New York City, Vol. I > Part 9
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His studies having been finished, Mr. Livingston appeared before the Classis of Amsterdam on the 5th of June, 1769, for a license. The examination proving satisfactory, he was admitted to preach as a candidate, and his services were called into requisi- tion several times that season. He also became a candidate for the degree of doctor of divinity from the University of Utrecht. To do this successfully, it was requisite that he should prepare two discourses, in Latin, which he must defend against the assaults of the professors. the whole disputation being carried on in this language. Another discourse was then to be prepared and pub- lished, also in Latin. For some time his heart failed him, but he finally accomplished the task, and received his diploma triumph- antly, on the 16th of May, 1770. Hle then sailed for this coun-
97
The Rev. John H. Livingston.
7
10
-
7
THE GARDEN STREET CHURCH.
98
The Rev. John H. Livingston.
try. stopping by the way in England, and reached New York on the 3d of September, 1770. He had previously received a call from the Reformed Duteh Church in this city, which was desir- ons of finding a colleague for the Rev. Dr. Laidlie. The North Church was completed at about this time, and it was evident that preaching must generally be in English. The Rev. Lambertus De Ronde and the Rev. Johannes Ritzema had become old, and could be expected to do no additional work. In this juncture Mr. Livingston was hailed as one who possessed qualifications which could hardly be met with elsewhere.
The church to which Mr. Livingston was thus called to minister was the oldest and most highly respectable in the city, with a very large membership. It dates back to the Summer of 1628, although for a time before that religious services had been held. The original chapel was in a loft over a horse mill. In 1626 François Molemaker was employed in building this horse mill, "with a spacious room above, to serve for a congregation ; and a tower was to be added, in which the Spanish bells captured at Porto Rico the year before by the West India Company's fleet were intended to be hung." In 1633 the loft was given up, and the congregation worshipped in a plain wooden building in Broad street, between Bridge and Pearl streets. In 1642 a church was erected in the Fort, which was occupied till after the British capture of the city. Then the English held services there at other hours of the day from the Dutch until 1693. when the latter opened the Garden Street Church. Garden street is now known as Exchange place. and the church was a little east of Broad street. on the north side. Part of its site is at present occupied by the Mills building.
The city of New York was, however, continually growing. and the Garden Street Church became inadequate. Other churches must be built in order to accommodate the population. One was accordingly erected in Nassau street in 1729. known to us lately - the building in which the Post Office was kept, and another in 1769 on the corner of William and Fulton streets. The former was remodeled in 1764. These three churches were the ones in which Dr. Livingston labored. all three being shown in our engrav- ings. The Garden Street Church was rebuilt in 1807, and was
.
-
99
The Rev. John H. Livingston.
THE MIDDLE DUTCH CHURCH.
destroyed in the great fire of 1835 : the Nassau Street Church was rented to the General Government in 1844 as a Post Office, and was occupied by them thirty years; then being torn down to make room for the building of the Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany. The North Church. that on William street, was demolished in 1875.
Long disputes had raged at the time of Dr. Livingston's settle- ment between two rival parties in the Dutch Church-those in favor of having an ecclesiastical organization here with authority, and those opposed to it. We shall not go into the details of this controversy, nor into that about the introduction of English into churches. In the year 1750 the English and Dutch languages were about equally used here for all familiar purposes, although
100
The Rev. John H. Livingston.
the law and foreign commerce used English. But, with the pas age of years, New York city in particular grew more English. There was no immigration to speak of from Holland, and perhaps two-thirds of the inhabitants of the city when Dr. Livingston came here talked English more easily than Dutch. The sensi- bility of the latter was great, and extreme care must be taken to avoid the appearance of slighting them. Dr. Livingston acted the part of a peacemaker. The Dutch, of whom he was one by descent, he treated with deference, as did Dr. Laidlie, and little by little the preponderance of the English tongue was established. The war completed its victory, as many old families went away and many new ones came in. They knew no Dutch.
Dr. Livingston was also enabled before the Revolution to reconcile the two parties in church goverment above referred to. the Cotus and Conferentie. His church had taken no part in the dispute ; he had been educated abroad, and desired only the good of the conflicting parties. This was soon recognized, as well as his eminent abilities. The bitter spirit had subsided. He therefore suggested to his consistory that a general convention should be held to see what would be for the welfare of the church. They coincided with him. The minister and one elder from each congregation in America were invited to attend a meeting in this vity on the 15th of October, 1771. It was well attended, Dr. Livingston being chairman, and a year after met again, when a plan of agreement was submitted to it, involving no important concession on either side, but saving the pride of each. It was unanimously adopted, and thenceforth the denomination was at peace with itself, if its churches were soon to be scattered by war.
The convention which met at Kingston in October, 1775, at his solicitation attempted to induce the newly established college at New Brunswick to found a theological professorship. Consid- erable correspondence took place on this subject, and it had finally been informally agreed to, with Dr. Livingston as the professor. when the war began.
At its outbreak, and until the British took possession of the vity, services were held alternately by him and Dr. Laidlie. which were attended by the remnant of the flock. Most of them had left town on account of the danger of capture. In October, 1775,
101
The Rev. John II. Livingston.
THE NORTH DUTCH CHURCH.
Dr. Livingston himself had removed to Kingston in company with his cousin, Philip Livingston, who afterwards was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. With Sarah Livingston, the youngest daughter of his cousin, Dr. Livingston had previously made a matrimonial engagement, and in that month they were married. This relation lasted long, and was a most fortunate one, as she possessed every trait of a true woman's character. While hostilities went on he preached in Kingston. Albany, Livingston's Manor and Poughkeepsie. In each of them
102
The Rev. John II. Livingston.
he did his work acceptably, but he longed to return to New York. This he did soon after the evacuation of the city on the 25th of November, 1783.
During the war the Dutch Church was in a sad state. Its members were, generally speaking, opposed to the pretensions of the British Crown, and a very large number of them left the city. The churches were used for the basest purposes. Dr. De Witt, in his discourse on the history of the Church, delivered in 1856, summarizes these injuries :
" The Middle Church was used as a prison, and afterwards as a riding school for the British officers and soldiers, and became the scene of habitual ribaldry, profanity and dissipation. The whole of the interior, galleries and all, was destroyed, leaving the bare walls and roof. The North Church was used as a hospital, and for storage. The lower part was stripped of the pews, pulpit. ete .. and the walls were much defaced, but otherwise the build- ing preserved the general character and aspect it originally pos- sessed and which it still retains. Those acquainted with the mmmals of our revolutionary history vividly recall to mind the atrocities and eruelties committed by the British forces while in possession of the city of New York. The churches, the sugar- honse immediately behind the Middle Clmreh. the jail, the Jer- sey prison ship, and the thousands of Americans who fell victims to disease, hunger and cruelty, laid buried and bleaching on the shores of Long Island, recur to the mind as affecting memorials of this. Just previous to the Revolutionary War a new and very neat pulpit was placed in the North Church. After it was taken away no traces of it could be found. Some time after the close of the war, one of our citizens was in England, and worshipping oli a Sabbath day in a country church, his attention was directed to the pulpit as strongly reminding him of this pulpit in onr North Dutch Church. A gentleman, to whom he stated this after service, replied that it probably was the same, as it had been laought over from America during the Revolutionary War. in a British ship."
Only Dr. Livingston, of the ministers of the Reformed Dnteli Church of New York, returned to the city. Dr. Laidlie had died at Red Hook in 1778, and Domines Ritzema and De Ronde, one of
103
The Rev. John H. Livingston.
whom had entered the ministry in 1744 and the other in 1751, were very old and not desirous of leaving their abodes. In this juncture a double share of duty fell upon him. The church in Garden street was found uninjured, and was opened the first. The North Church was the second. A colleague, in the person of the Rev. William Linn, was called to preach in English in 1785, and two years later the Rev. Gerardus A. Kuypers was invited to preach in Dutch. Others who were conjointly with him pastors of this church were the Rev. John N. Abeel, from 1795 to 1812; the Rev. John Schureman, from 1809 to 1811, and the Rev. Jacob Brodhead, front 1809 to 1813. The church grew contin- ually and has continued its growth till this time. But, in spite of the arduous labors which devolved upon him on his return, Dr. Livingston did not feel at liberty to decline the position of pro- fessor of theology, conferred upon him by his brethren in 1784. The church was now independent of that of Holland, although preserving the same goverment and the same tenets of faith, and it was necessary that its young clergymen should be taught. There was no other person than Dr. Livingston to do it, and he accepted the obligation. At his houses in New York, in Flatbush, in Bedford and in New Brunswick. he taught continually. Two hundred students were instructed by him altogether. For twenty- six years he labored without compensation, but in 1810, in conse- quence of his views of the importance of this work, and the desire of the church generally to see him devote himself more completely to instruction, he resigned his charge in the church here, and re- moved to New Brunswick. there to become President of Queen's College. now known as Rutgers College. The church received his resignation with sensible sorrow. his services having then con- timed over forty years. but they gave way under a view of the great importance of the cause.
His labors had not been confined while in this city to his pas- toral duties and his instruction in theology. Much of the work of establishing the forms and articles of faith of the Reformed Dutch Church came from him. He also revised the hymns of the church. He aided in the attempt to secure a common agree- ment between the Presbyterian. the Associate Reformed and the Dutch Reformed Churches. Ile took part in the reestablish-
104
The Rev. John H. Livingston.
ing of King's College, now Columbia, of which he was made one of the trustees, but his efforts also were efficacious in forming the theory of a State University, now existing as the Regents of the University. Union College received much aid from him, and Queen's College was an object of his particular care. In 1807 he assisted in its revival. He was always called to assist in the dedication of new churches and in ordinations, and at all times he carried on an extensive correspondence. The effect of all this hard work was shown long before he went to New Brunswick, for he had become enfeebled and was frequently ill.
At the New Jersey town he had a great deal of labor and little encouragement, for Queen's College was insufficiently endowed and its students were not numerous. The Theological School did not exist separately from the rest of the College, and it lacked a permanent staff of professors. The rewards offered to them were small, peenmiarily, and they were continually drawn away by offers from churches which desired them as pastors. His wife died in 1814 and his two granddaughters soon followed. But the doctor continued his work till he also was stricken down. Only a short sickness preceded this. On the 20th of January, 1825, he was found dead in his bed, his departure having appar- ently been an easy one.
Dr. Livingston was a " tall and well formed man, of a grave and intelligent countenance, of an easy and polite air. He dressed usually in the ancient clerical fashion." He was of a mild and considerate disposition, a tender husband, and an affectionate father. But with these traits he was naturally dignified. No one ever took liberties with him. In preaching he was formal, according to the en tom of the age. The distinction he attained in the church was chiefly owing to the confidence that was felt in his goodness and his discretion. He would not recommend that which he knew to be wrong. and his intelligence prevented him from being often deceived.
The Year Book of the Reformed Dutch Church says that he left one child, born August 26. 1776, who spent his life on the patri- monial estate on the Hudson River, near Poughkeepsie, where he died on the 9th of June. 1849. This son was twice married. and had children by each marriage.
105
The Rev. John H. Livingston.
Dr. Livingston's publieations, in addition to his works of revi- sion and emendation, already mentioned, were nine :
1. Dissertation, De Foedere Sinaitico. Utrecht, 1770.
2. Inaugural Oration, De Veritate Rel. Christ.
3. Three Sermons in the American Preacher, 1791.
4. The Glory of the Redeemer, 1799.
5. The Triumph of the Gospel, 1804.
6. Address at Queen's College Commencement, 1810.
7. Dissertation on Incestuous Marriage, 1816.
8. Funeral Serviee, being Selections from Scripture, 1812.
9. Address to German Reformed Chureles in the United States, 1819.
INDEX TO THIE ENGRAVINGS IN VALENTINE'S MANUAL.
PART II.
The first of this index will be found in the preceding number. It embraces from the beginning in 1841-1842. down to and in- cluding 1859. This part contains from 1860 to the end, in 1870. There was no issue for 1867, the whole series, therefore, being two numbers short.
Abbey Hotel on Bloomingdale Road in 1847 1864, 386 Address to General Washington in 1783 1861, 474 Aldermen, Autographs of. 1861, 89; 1864, 48; 1865. 48; 1866, 48; 1868, 109.
Aldermen, List of Members of Board of 1868, 100
Aldermen's and Councilmen's Chambers, Diagram of 1860, 13; 1861, SS-94 ; 1863, 32-34.
Aldermen's Chamber. Diagram of, 1862, 34 ; 1864, 48 : 1865, 48; 1866, 48.
Allen. Stephen, Portrait of 1863, 624 American Museum, Laws and Regulations of, in 1791 __ 1864, 602 Andre, Major, His room in the Beekman House 1861, 498
106
Engravings in Valentine's Manual.
Andros, Sir Edmund 1869, 768
Ann Street and Broadway 186S, 512
Atlantic Cable, Laying of 1861, 134
Assembly, Aldermen's Autograph Certificate of Elec- tion to, in 1797 1864, 603
Astor, Residence of John Jacob, near East River 1864. 208
Attack on Fort Washington, Plan of 1861. 428
Attorneys of Supreme Court, Autographic Roll of 1862, 114
Audubon, Estate of
1865, 256
Autograph Letter of Gen. Thos. Gage 1869, 766
Autograph Letter of Gen. Washington 1870, 232
Autograph Letter of Gov. Dongan 1869, 736
Autograph Letter of Lord Cornbury 1869. 762
Autographic Roll of Attorneys of Supreme Court 1862. 114 Autographs of Aldermen, 1861, 89; 1864, 4S; 1865, 48 ; 1866, 48; 1868. 109.
Autographs of Councilmen, 1861, 95; 1864, 50; 1865, 50; 1866, 50; 1868. 108.
Autographs of Dutch Officials, four parts 1863, 484
Autographs of Residents. eight parts 1864. 782
Bank Bill and Check 1860, 629
Baptist Church, Oliver Street, in 180S. 1863, 738
Barclay Street corner Broadway. Hotel at 1865. 555
Bastion. Central Park. in 1776 1865. 196
Bath Room at Soldier's Depot. 1864. 170
Battery, Fort Fish from Nutter's 1860, 624
Battery in 1656 1862, 500
Battery in 1746 1862, 503
Battery, The 1869. 748
Battle of Harlem Heights 1868. 812
Baxter Street, between Hester and Grand Streets, in 1861.1863, 702
Bay and Port of New York. Map of, in 1764 1861. 597
Bayard House, 110th Street, in 1800 1864. 729 Beekman and Cliff Streets 1570. 726
Beekman House 1861. 496
Beekman House, Blue Room in 1861, 502
Beekman House, Major Andre's Room in 1861. 498
Beekman's Pasture. Map of 1860. 540
107
Engravings in Valentine's Manual.
Belvedere Club House in 1794 1864, 748 Bible House 1861, 354 Birthplace of Schuyler Colfax in North Moore Street. 1865, 413
Blacksmith's Shop, Central Park 1865, 220
Block House and City Gate in 1674 1862, 522, 523
Bloomingdale, Church at 1862, 762
Bloomingdale Road, Old Abbey Hotel on, in 1847 1864, 386
Bloomingdale Road, Residence on 1861, 348
Blue Room in Beekman House 1861, 502
Board of Aldermen, List of Members 1868, 100
Board of Councilmen, List of Members 1868, 107, 108
Board of Education Building 1862, 237; 1863, 239
Bond Street and Broadway 1870, 752
Boston Road, Group of Old Cottages on 1861. 676
Boston Road. Kissing Bridge ou 1861, 528
Bowery. Bull's Head Tavern in 1866, 582
Bowery House before the Revolution 1866, 580
Bowery Lane. Sperry's Garden on. in 1810 1866, 586
Bowery, Old Gotham Inn in 1862, 700
Bowery. Old Shanty in 1862. 484
Bowery Road and Broadway in 1828 1865, 648
Bowery Theatre
1863, 154
Bowne, Walter, Portrait of 1863. 628
Brevoort Estate. between 54th and 55th Streets. 1866. 482
Brick Church and Vicinity in 1840 1866, 594
Bridewell in 1805 1865. 551
Bridge at Broadway and Fulton Street 1868. 229
Bridge at Harlem, New 1$65, 520
Bridge. East River, as Contemplated 1869. 672 Bridge. Harlem 1861. 684
Bridge. Kissing. Old Boston Road 1561. 528
Broad and Water Streets, Old House on corner of, in
1764 1861, 580
Broad Street and Federal Hall in 1796 1866. 552 Broad Street Canal in 1659 1862, 515
Broad Street, corner Exchange Place in 1690 1866, 534
Broad Street. corner Exchange Place in 1825 1866. 534
Broadway
1861. 697
108
Engravings in Valentine's Manual.
Broadway and Aun Street 1868, 512
Broadway and Bond Street 1870, 752
Broadway and Bowery Road in 1828 1865, 648
Broadway and Cedar Street 1870, 614
Broadway and Cortlandt Street in 1846 1865, 543
Broadway and Eighteenth Street 1869, 40
Broadway and Eighth Avenue 1862, 76
Broadway and Eleventh Street 1869, 208
Broadway and 59th Street, Old Halfway House on 1864, 40
Broadway and Fulton Street, Bridge at 186S, 229
Broadway and Grand Street in 1824 1865, 615
Broadway and Leonard Street 1869, 598
Broadway and Nineteenth Street 1870, 72
Broadway and Park in 1830 1865, 564
Broadway and Thirty-first Street 1869, 640
Broadway and Twentieth Street 1870. 710
Broadway and Twenty-ninth Street 1870, 764
Broadway and Twenty-second Street, Buck Horn Tavern on, in 1812 1864, 410
Broadway, a Portion of, in 1805 1865. 551
Broadway, between Duane and Pearl Streets, in 1807 __ 1865. 584 Broadway, between Howard and Grand Streets. in 1840_1865. 628 Broadway, between Prince and Houston, Streets, in 1823 1865, 624
Broadway, Burns' Coffee House on, in 1760 1865. 513
Broadway, City Hotel in 1865, 540
Broadway, corner Barclay Street. Hotel at 1865. 555
Broadway, corner Houston Street, in 1823 1865, 636
Broadway, corner Murray Street, in 1820 1865. 552 Broadway, corner Prince Street, in 182S 1865. 631
Broadway, corner Prince Street, in 1845 1865, 632
Broadway, corner Spring Street, in 1820
1865. 623
Broadway. Diagram of a Portion of, in 1815
1865, 655
Broadway, Grading of. in 1782
1865. 599
Broadway House, corner Grand Street and Broadway, in 1824 1865. 615
Broadway in 1810 1861. 452
Broadway. Junction of Old Post Road in 1838 1865. 654
109
Engravings in Valentine's Manual.
Broadway, Map of Property on East Side of, in 1808 __ 1865, 595 Broadway, Masonic Hall on, in 1830 1865, 587 Broadway, Military Works on, in 1782 1865, 611 Broadway, Profile View of Buildings on East Side of __ 1865, 524, 528, 532, 540, 548, 556, 564, 572, 580, 588, 596, 604, 612, 620, 628, 636, 644 .
Broadway, Profile View of Buildings on West Side of_1865, 520, 528, 536, 544, 552, 560, 568, 576, 584, 592, 600, 608, 616, 624, 632, 640, 648
Broadway, No. 2, corner Marketfield Street, in 1798 __ 1865, 520
Broadway, Old Tavern in .1862, 484
Broadway, Tavern in, at Twenty-second Street 1865, 644
Broadway Theatre in 1850 .1865, 588
Broadway Theatre in 1859 1861, 160
Broadway through Sailor's Snug Harbor, Plan of 1865, 640
Broadway, Varian Tree in 1865, 515
1864. 552
Broadway, West Side
Broadway, West Side, in 1815 1865, 603
Brooklyn, Map of 1860, 420
Brooks's Clothing Store, Catharine Street, in 1845 1864, 752 Buck Horn Tavern, Twenty-second Street and Broad- way, in 1812 1864. 410
Building of Board of Education 1862, 237
Building of Historical Society 1862, 344
Buildings in Chatham Street in 1855
Buildings in the Park in 1809 1866, 598
Buildings in William Street in 1800 1861. 633
Buildings on Ward's Island 1860. 104
Bull's Head in the Bowery in 1783 1861. 276
Bull's Head Tavern 1866. 382 Bunker's Mansion House in 1830 1865. 518
Burns's Coffee House. Broadway. in 1760 1865, 513
Burns's Coffee House, Rear of, in 1760 1865, 514
Cable, Landing of, in 1858 1861. 637
Cable, Laying of Atlantic 1861. 134
Cable, Section of, Carried in Procession 1861. 140
Canal and Walker Streets. Junction of 1863, 728
Canal in Broad Street in 1659 1862. 515
1860, 480
110
Engravings in Valentine's Manual.
Cannon Street, Old House on 1864, 128 Capitol in Wall Street 1866, 556 Cargle House, Sixtieth Street near Tenth Avenue 1865, 78+ Carmansville, Estate of Audubon, in 1865, 256
Carns, Property of Mrs., Thirty-fifth Street and North River 1866, 712
Caster House, between Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Streets on Lexington Avenue 1865, 808 Catharine Street, Brooks's Clothing Store on corner of, in 1845 1864, 752
Cathedral, St. Patrick's 1869, 678
Cedar and William Streets 1870, 692
Cedar Street and Broadway 1870, 614
Central Park_1860, 100 ; 1861, 188, 196, 212, 228, 236 ; 1862, 408, 420, 452, 460, 672; 1865, 220; 1868, 236, 246, 259 ; 1869, 176, 178, 184, 432.
Central Park Guide 1869, 174
Central Park, Old Bastion in 1776 1865, 196
Central Park, South Gate, Group at 1869, 694
Central Park Terrace 1864, 72
Century House near Spuyten Duyvel Creek 1861. 240
Certificate of Election in 1797 1864, 603
Certificate of Manumission in 1817 1869, 800
Chart and Plan of the Harbor in 1781 1870, 844
Chatham and Pearl Streets 1866, 611
Chatham and Pearl Streets, Junction of 1861, 521
Chatham and Pearl Streets. Old Storehouses at 1863. 45€ Chatham Square 1866, 606
Chatham Square in 1812 1864. 578; 1866. 614
Chatham Street, Buildings on, in 1855 1860, 598
Check and Bank Bill 1860, 629
Cherry Street 1860, 468
Cherry Street, No. 7
1861, 308
Chevaux de Frise and Floating Battery 1860, 590
Children, Soldiers' Union Home and School for 1864, 352 Chittenden Estate, Earthworks on 1866, 640. 657
Church at Bloomingdale 1862. 762
Church. Baptist, in Oliver Street, in 1808 1863, 738
111
Engravings in Valentine's Manual.
Church Street, Corner of Franklin 1862, 284 Citizenship in 1784, Autograph Certificate of 1862, 556 City and Environs 1869, 1 City Executive Departments, Heads of 1869, 99
City Gate and Block House in 1674 1862, 522, 523
City Hall, Fireworks at, 1858 1861, 152, 158
City Hall in Wall Street 1862, 540
City Hall in Wall Street as Enlarged 1866, 566
City Hall in Wall Street before the Revolution 1866, 546
City Hotel in Broadway 1865, 540 City, Map of, in 1807 1870, 866
City Streets, Report on by the Grand Jury 1860, 612
City Wall, Section of, in 1653 1866, 538
Clarke, George, Tablet to 1869, 764
Clendening Mansion 1863, 26-1
Cliff and Beekman Streets 1870, 726
Clinton, De Witt. Portrait of 1861, 551
Clothing Store, Brooks's, in Catharine Street, in 1845 __ 1864, 752
Club House in 1794, Belvedere 1864. 74S
Coffee House and Coffee House Slip
1866, 563
Coffee House, Burns's, Front of, on Broadway, in 1760_1865, 514
Coffee House, Burns's, Rear of, in 1760 1865, 514
Coffee House Slip and Old Coffee House 1866. 563
Coffee House. Tontine 1866, 564
Colden, Cadwallader B., Portrait of 1863, 624
Colfax. Schuyler, Birthplace of, in North Moore Street_1865, 413
Colles' Road to New Rochelle 1870. 778 Columbia House 1862. 356
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