USA > New York > New York City > Old New York : a journal relating to the history and antiquities of New York City, Vol. II > Part 17
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The northeastern part of New York island is inhabited princi- pally by Dutch farmers, who have a small village there called Haerlem, pleasantly situated on a flat cultivated for the city markets. 5
GOWANS' WESTERN MEMORABILIA.
II.
1719. The First Presbyterian Church in Wall street, once under the pastoral charge of Dr. Rodgers, was rebuilt elsewhere in 1846. It was founded in 1719-enlarged in 1748, rebuilt in 1810-destroyed by fire in about 1834, again rebuilt and taken down in 1844. For more than a hundred years this ground had been sacred for religious purposes, and was until within a few years in the centre of population. The ground has since been sold in consequence of the population having gone uptown. The church has been taken down and removed in parts, and again erected in Jersey City. With the money for which the church was sold a new church has been built on the Fifth avenue.
1725. Broadway was now become a street and partially built upon as far as Fulton street.
Oct. 16. William Bradford published the first number of the New York Gazette, the first newspaper in the colony. To be sold by Richard Nicolls, postmaster.
1728. April. John Montgomery, who had been groom of the chamber to George, Prince of Wales, subsequently George II., King of England, was rewarded by being appointed Governor of the province of New York.
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1730. A Jewish synagogue built in Mill street.
1781. Two fire engines ordered out from England, and hooks and ladders to be made.
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1733. Peter Zenger commenced his weekly journal, 3/ per quarter.
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1735. John Peter Zenger, a printer and publisher, having in- curred the displeasure of Governor Cosby by animadverting too freely upon the government measures, was apprehended on a war- rant for libel and imprisoned for thirty-five weeks, afterwards tried and acquitted, to the great joy of the people. As an earnest of their real satisfaction on this occasion the Corporation of the City of New York presented Mr. Hamilton, Zenger's legal defender, with the freedom of the Corporation, accompanied with a gold snuffbox.
1736. Oct. 10. Governor Cosby died.
1740. Negro plot. The excitement of the people on this memorable occasion was extreme. They made out that Mr. Ury, an English clergyman and schoolmaster, was a Popish priest in disguise, and having seized him they hung him and seventeen negroes, besides thirteen poor ignorant slaves were burnt alive. The hanging took place on the ground where the Arsenal now stands, near the Tombs. The burning was at the junction of Pearl and Chatham streets.
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1741. The province received a donation from the Crown of one hundred and six cannon, from thirty to three pounders, with all the implements necessary thereto, and one hundred muskets, besides powder and other articles amounting to £6,773 15s. 8d.
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At this time no man dared avow himself a Roman Catholic. A church of such a denomination would not have been suffered in the city, so great was the prejudice against this sect.
1743. The yellow fever visited New York and carried off a number of inhabitants, also in 1798, 1803, 1805 and 1822.
1744. The first treatise on the botany of New York, and be- lieved to be the first botanical work by an American author, was the Planta Coldenhamia, by Governor Colden, of Coldenham, near Newburgh. It was published at Upsal, in Sweden, in 1744.
1746. July 11. Rev. William Vesey died. He had been rector of Trinity church from 1697 to July, 1746.
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1747. The Common Council ordered an essay on the duty of vestrymen to be printed at their expense. . Fifty copies cost £4.
1750. Drs. Bard and Middleton were the first that dissected human bodies for the purpose of teaching anatomy in the City of New York.
A Moravian church built in Fulton street, between William and Nassau.
1752. William Bradford died, aged ninety-four years. He had been fifty years Government printer, and was the first who intro- duced printing and a newspaper into New York. He came to Philadelphia from England in 1682 and removed to New York in 1693. [His age is overstated. Ile was only eighty-nine.]
Independent Reflector. This was the name of the first maga- zine published in New York. It was a weekly production in the form of essays. It did not suit the taste of the times. It in- curred the resentment of some of the leading men, and a clergy- man denounced the writer from the pulpit and compared him to Gog and Magog. The publisher was finally menaced into a dis- continuation of the work and it expired with the fifty-third num- ber .- Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York.
July. St. George's Chapel opened in this year. From 1763 to 1764 one hundred and thirty-seven couples were married in this church, and during the same time four hundred and thirty- one adults and children were baptized. In 1814 the church was burned down and rebuilt the following year.
1753. "July. Twenty-two frail ladies taken out of several houses of ill-repute, and committed to the workhouse. The next day five of them were condemned to receive fourteen lashes each upon the bare buttocks, before a vast concourse of people, and then ordered to leave the city."
1754. King's College opened with Dr. Samuel Johnson as principal.
Hallam's company of players arrived in New York, the first of such arrivals in this city on record. [An earlier company is now known.]
1755. The winter was so mild that the Hudson River was free of ice all winter.
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"The Governor ordered the Sheriff to convene the inhabitants of Brooklyn, Flatbush and Flatlands for the purpose of inquiring whether they were satisfied with their minister, and if they were what salary they would pay him."
1756. First British packet boat commenced running from New York to Falmouth, in England, each letter to pay four penny- weights in silver.
First stage coach commenced running between Philadelphia and New York-three days through only.
1759. German Reformed Church in Nassau street built.
1760. Baptist Church in Gold street built.
But three newspapers were published in the city and none of them daily. In 1850 there were published 126; of this number, thirteen were daily.
Jan. 11. "The principal inhabitants of the city went into mourning for the death of King George II., the churches were hung with black cloth and sermons preached suitable to the occasion, and an anthem was performed at Trinity Church."
Scotch Presbyterian Church in Cedar street built.
Permission given by Lieut. Governor De Lancey to build a theatre in Chapel street, near Beekman, which was opened in November of this year with the tragedy of the Fair Penitent. Boxes, 8/; pit, 5/, and gallery, 3/. The night following the Provoked Husband was performed.
1761. Sir Jeffrey Amherst upon the anniversary of St. George gave a ball to the ladies and gentlemen of the city at Crawley's New Assembly Rooms. The company were dressed in great splendor, and it was said the entertainment was the most elegant ever seen in America.
1762. Governor Monckton went with a fleet and army to the West Indies, conquered Martinico and the Leeward Islands, and subsequently the Havana, and returned to New York within one year, and again resumed the governorship.
1763. Weyman published his Gazette in Broad street, opposite the synagogue.
December. A negro wench advertised to be sold, and as a recommendation it was stated in the advertisement that she was in good health and far gone with child.
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Trinity Church wardens advertise two hundred lots of ground joining the stockades, west of Broadway and along the North River, to be leased for twenty-one, forty-two or sixty-three years.
1764. June. Four fishermen engaged in supplying New York market were seized by a press-gang in the harbor and carried on board the tender. The people became indignant at this outrage- ous act of tyranny, seized the captain's barge when at the wharf, hoisted it out of the water and dragged it to the fields (the pres- ent City Hall Park), and burned it in triumph. They then pro- ceeded to the tender and compelled the captain to release the men.
May commencement held at St. George's Chapel. General Gage and His Majesty's council and other dignitaries were present. Richard Harrison, seventeen years of age, delivered a salutatory oration and John Jay a dissertation "On the Blessings of Peace."
March 19. The Rev. Mr. Laidlaw arrived in New York, and the Sunday following he appeared in the old Dutch Church dressed in the costume of the Dominies.
1765. A man and his wife were arraigned and tried for the sin of witchcraft, and a special verdict of guilty brought in by the jury against one of them.
Fuller and Knight, two women who had been found guilty of keeping a bawdy house, were placed upon the pillory for keeping the same. Were this law to be enforced now we would have a number of pillories in every street in the city.
1766. May 20. Rev. Dr. Barclay, rector of Trinity Church, died.
June 18. The lighthouse on Sandy Hook lighted for the first time.
Mr. Laidlaw preached the first English sermon to the Reformed Dutch congregation in the Middle Dutch Church.
Oct. 30. St. Paul's Chapel opened by the Rev. Dr. Auchmuty.
A second stage is advertised to run between Philadelphia and New York, to go through in two days, three pence per mile or twenty shillings through.
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The theatre in Beekman street destroyed by a mob.
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Great news for travelers. "Persons may now go from New York to Philadelphia and back again in five days, and remain in Philadelphia two nights and one day to do their business, for twenty shillings through. The company to go over to Paulus Hook by the ferry the evening before and start next morning."
1767. The Presbyterian Church, corner of Beekman and Nassau streets, built.
The Lutheran Church, corner of William and Frankfort streets, built.
The Methodist Church in John street was built in 1767, rebuilt in 1817, and again rebuilt in 1841. The church is now standing, and is memorable for one fact, which is that it is the first Meth- odist church built in America. When this house was erected the denomination consisted of but a handful; its number is now legion.
The Dutch Reformed Church, corner of William and Fulton streets, built.
June 4. The anniversary of the King's birthday was celebrated beyond all former pomp. The fireworks were magnificent. There was a general illumination, particularly at Fort George and Gen. Gage's dwelling. Sumptuous entertainments were given at the fort and headquarters by Sir Henry Moore, Governor, at which all the officers, military, naval and civil, as well as many of the professional gentlemen of the city, were present. A salute of forty-one guns was fired. Flags were displayed from the lib- erty pole, the fort and the armed vessels.
1768. Jan. 13. Capt. Haviland arrived with a quantity of stamps. In the evening a company of armed men went on board the ship, then lying at Cruger's dock, and took from thence ten boxes of stamps, which they conveyed to the shipyard, and there had them burnt.
Medical lectures given at King's College. The professors were: Theory of Medicine, Dr. Middleton; Anatomy, Dr. Classey ; Theory and Practice of Surgery, Dr. Jones; Practice of Physic, Dr. Bard.
Sir Henry Moore, Governor of the Province, died, and was buried with great pomp in the chancel of Trinity Church.
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New York Chamber of Commerce instituted.
1769. Jan. 9. The theatre in John street opened by permis- sion of the Governor.
Mrs. Lydia Robinson announced herself seventy years of age, and that she had followed the practice of midwifery for thirty- five years, and in that space of time had safely delivered 1,200 women and never lost a single patient in all her practice.
Nov. 22. William Smith, one of the justices of the Supreme Court, died, aged 73 years.
The first medical degree conferred in the City of New York was that of Bachelor of Medicine, upon two candidates, Samuel Kissam and Robert Tucker. The name of the former has proved famous in the annals of medicine.
1770. Oct. Lord Dunmore, the newly appointed Governor of the province of New York, arrived. His salary was £2,000 per annum.
The New York Hospital founded. The foundation stone laid by Governor Dunmore, burnt down in 1775, afterwards occupied by the Hessian troops as a barracks; in 1783 rebuilt and opened as a public infirmary. March 14th, 1806, an act was passed by the Legislature granting the hospital a State annuity of $12,500 for fifty years.
Sept. 7. A marble pedestrian statue of Lord Chatham erected in Wall street, as a public testimony of the grateful sense of the colony of New York for the many eminent services rendered to America, and particularly in his promoting the repeal of the Stamp Act.
Nov. 21. A statue of George III. erected in the Bowling Green.
On a certain month this year the number of letters lying in the Post Office uncalled for was seven, addressed as follows : Phillip Livingston, John Romaine, Magness de Couty, Isabella Graham, John Hay, Quidor Dimarest and Robert Morris. June 10, 1848, the number advertised was 2,556; July 16, 1849, 3,288; Jan. 2, 1823, 732; July 12, 1851, 3,415 ; Aug. 9, 1851, 4,301.
1771. Population of the city 21,163; Long Island 27,731, and the whole province 163,338.
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Edmund Burke appointed agent for the province of New York.
1772. The inhabitants of Westchester complained to the Gov- ernor against a witch who had come among them from Connecti- cut, where she had been punished for the crime of witchcraft.
The New York Society Library chartered by Governor Tryon. Nassau and Chambers streets and Broadway have been the locations of the Library.
July 6. Dr. Samuel Johnson, President of King's College, died; born 1696.
April 22. James Rivington commenced publishing his weekly Gazette.
DIARY OF DR. ALEXANDER ANDERSON.
AUGUST.
1st. Another dull, rainy and warm day. I engrav'd consider- able of the map and cast some type-metal. Before dinner I went and found out Mrs. Rose, near the North River. Appear'd very glad to see me. Cato Slayman (Negro) came for his To- bacco Stamp and paid me 9/. Evening, after walking, read in Sully.
2d. Sunday-Early in the morning I walk'd round the Battery. Close, warm weather, with a clouded sky. Forenoon-At Church heard Mr. Moore. Psalm xxiii, 6. After dinner, took a walk near the Collect. I read Mr. Winchester's Answer to Pain's Age of Reason. Afternoon heard Mr. Beach. Heb. xi, 17, 18, 19.
Evening, heard Winchester at the Circus". A Comparison of Joseph with Jesus Christ. Afterwards, call'd at Dr. Young's. W. Debow came to ask my advice respecting a patient of his.
3d. A South easterly storm. I finish'd Falconi's Mermaid, and one of the cuts for the Art of Speaking. Zac. Lewis drank tea with us ; he is returning home from Philadelphia. I did not stir out 'till near evening, when I stopp'd at Mr. Bailey's.
# The circus was the same place as Rickett's Amphitheatre. The two names were used interchangeably.
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4th. This fore-noon presented us with a variety of different climates, at last clear'd up a fine day. I resigned the use of Dr. Young's share in the Library to W. Debow. Call'd at Seaman's and left some more drops for the old woman. Paid 4d for Ib } of figs. I dunn'd Birdsall.
Mr. Reid & Shepherd Kollock came to see the Hieroglyphic cuts. I deliver'd 144 for the first sheet. I took Falconi's cut to him. Found him in bed with a return of his Fever.
5th. In the fore-noon my Brother and I went to Mr. Baker's and examin'd the Specimens of his large collection of prints. Falconi came and paid me 5 Dollars. I undertook to engrave a Copperplate for young Arden at Allen's for 65/, and a Tobacco Stamp for Pacaud & Collin. I received a wound in one of my fingers from my gouge, which slipp'd and pierc'd to the bone of the first joint. At 5 O'clock I attended Dr. Smith's Lecture (History of the Materia Medica).
6th. I applied myself very closely to engraving to-day, not- withstanding the excessive heat. Paid 1/ for having the Box- wood prepar'd for engraving the stamp. Bespoke a Copperplate at Myers's. - I receiv'd 103 Dollars from Babcock by Capt. Buddington. Toward evening Mr. John Buchanan* came, much alarmed, to inform me that his wife had taken too large a dose of Laudanum, and Dr. Bard not being at home, requested my assist- ance. I went with him, and directed an emetic, which I put up in Dr. Bard's shop, to be given. Not long after the Dr. arrived & I came off, with Mr. Buchanan's thanks.
7th. Finish'd the Tobacco stamp. Busy lettering the map. I got the plate from Myers and paid him 16/. Had some little discourse with, Mr. Oram, who came to see the height of the Thermometer. Wrote a letter to Babcock and pack'd up his cuts. Sth. A shower in the after-noon serv'd to moderate the exces- sive heat. Before dark I finish'd lettering the map. Went in quest of little books for Babcock, got 2 for 1/. Call'd on Bird- sall.
9th. Sunday Morning-Before Church I enjoy'd the pleasure of a walk along the North River, in company with my Dog. Heard Mr. Beach this fore-noon on the Lord's Supper. After-
* Buchanan was a grocer at 66 Cherry street.
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noon Mr. Moore, James i, 21, 22. Evening, heard a stranger in Mr. Dunn's room, "That I may finish my course with joy."
10th. Rose pretty early this morning. Labor'd at the map. W. Debow stopp'd in to see us. Several persons have died from drinking cold water when much heated. Gardiner Baker drank tea with us. Towards dark I took a walk with my Brother.
11th. After-noon called at Birdsall's, and at Seaman's Cellar, to give advice to this extraordinary family. I cannot help admiring the phlegmatic, unruffled disposition of one of them. Her Child came tumbling down the stone steps. "Doctor, can you mend broken heads, too?" says she, picking him up very leisurely. Evening, I went to Dr. Young's & saw Mr. Herttell, who is un- well. A Typhus fever has carried off 7 or 8 in that neighbor- hood.
12th. I finish'd the map and took it to Mr. Reid. Engrav'd at Foreman's Jobb. I wrote a fictitious letter to my Brother accompanied with a Blank Book, for which I paid 3 Dolls., intended for his Register. Towards evening sally'd out, got a small plate of type-metal at Youle's for 3/. Stopp'd at Seaman's, I found him quite crazy and the family all disturb'd. Even the Old woman was oblig'd to quit her bed and sit in the damp front cellar.
13th. This Fore-noon I finish'd Foreman's cuts, for Art of Speak- ing, and deliver'd to him. I corrected Reid's Map. Polish'd the Copperplate for Arden's work and prepar'd it for etching. Bought a phial with some Aq. Fort. at Wainwright's, 6/6. Mr. & Mrs. Warner drank tea with us. We gave them a little music. Yes- terday died John Simmons, said to be the most corpulent man in the United States.
14th. Morning-I cast type-metal for the Hieroglyphics. Began and nearly finish'd Arden's copperplate. Indulg'd myself in a walk towards the outskirts of the town. Receiv'd 8/ from Pacaud & Collin for the Tobacco-stamp. Evening-I spent the greatest part of it at Mr. Bailey's, where I saw Miss Rachel Sacket. Mr. Hewitt * (musician), and his wife were there.
15th. Morning. After casting, I finish'd the Copperplate and
*James Hewitt was a professor of music, living at 1 Lumber street, now Trinity place.
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left it with Burger to get a proof. Afterwards calling there I was inform'd that he & his family were gone out of town and the house lock'd up. I finish'd the 2 remaining ships for Bunce. Took some pains in touching up the Boxwood pattern which I cut for Mr. Youle. In the after-noon I took a trip to Brooklyn with my Brother and spent a little while at Aunt's. Eff. Warner* drank tea with us. ' His proposal of a Musical Society. I finish'd some Hieroglyphics. Evening, walk'd about and read (not both at once).
16th. Sunday. After Breakfast I walk'd to see the Church building near the East River, about 2 miles distance. Fore-noon receiv'd the Sacrament in Trinity Church. Afternoon, Read a little in Beatie, heard Mr. Moore. A mournful discourse from Psalın ciii, 16. Evening, heard Mr. Dunn. "He that will come after me, must take up his cross, &c."
The weather though serene and cool impresses me with a strange heaviness and indifference.
17th. Busy at the Hieroglyphics. Received 14/ from Mr. Gaine. In the fore-noon took a walk round the Battery. Mr. Loudon call'd on me. Inform'd me of a History of Quadrupedst with elegant wooden cuts by Bewick at Wayland's. I went to price and examine it, when Wayland desir'd me to take it along and let him know what I would engrave the cuts for. Before dark I walk'd on the Battery with my Brother and in the evening, read. This morning I deliver'd the plate with a proof which I got at Burger's to Arden who paid me £3.5.
18th. I return'd the Book to Wayland and with it my condi- tions for engraving the cuts, 2 Dolls. each. Undertook to engrave 3 Ornamental letters (for Bills of Lading) for Mr. Oram. Cast the metal. Spent part of the afternoon in viewing some Books and prints belonging to a little Englishman in Cherry St. Bought the Artist's Repository for 18/. Bought a Violin string 1/.
19th. Before Breakfast I took a walk as far as the New-Slip. Busy all the Fore-noon in engraving Loudon's Schooner. Wrote
*Effingham Warner was graduated at Columbia College, and afterwards be- came a clergyman.
+ This History of Quadrupeds was afterwards engraved by Anderson for Longworth. It embraced nearly three hundred cuts.
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a letter to Grand-mama. After-noon I finish'd two of Mr. Oram's Letters. Mrs. Bailey sent for me. Is indispos'd. I prepar'd a Dose of Physic and left with her. Evening went with my Brother to Mr. Warner's, furnish'd with our Violins, and took part in a Concert, vocal and instrumental, chiefly Sacred music. About a dozen ladies were present.
20th. Finish'd Mr. Oram's Jobb and return'd to the Hiero- glyphics. Undertook to engrave on type-metal a cut which I formerly design'd and engrav'd on Copper, 2 Dolls. I bought a Treble string for 1/ and a quire of Blue-paper which I made into a book, and pasted in it the copies of my t. metal engravings.
21st. A Rainy day. I spent the Fore-noon in casting and the after-noon in engraving. I Bought a History of Quadrupeds, with elegant wooden cuts for 28/ from Wayland, on condition that I shall return it if he ever has occasion to print it. Bought a red pencil 1/.
22d. Busy at Harrison's cut and the Hieroglyphics. In the fore-noon I call'd at Seaman's and finding the Old woman desti- tute of her Drops and in great pain, I took a second walk with a fresh supply of them. My expense was only 6d., at Wain- wright's, for part of the medicine. T. Herttell drank Coffee with us in the After-noon.
. 23d. Sunday Forenoon, heard Mr. Beach, I. Thessalon. iv, 13. Afternoon, Mr. Bisset, John vi, 38. As I was at tea, Dr. Smith call'd to offer me the care of the Hospital at Bell-vue,* in place of P. Anderson who has returned somewhat unwell. The Salary 20s. a day. I promised to give him a decisive answer in the evening. Went to Mr. Dunn's room and heard a discourse from
*Bellevue Hospital was then a long distance from the city. It does not ap- pear that the present extensive buildings had been begun in 1795. There could have been little else there than an old fashioned country house, with a few extra outbuildings. Its occupation by the city was originally for an almshouse, it being bought in 1794 for $2,000. At the beginning of the Revolutionary war the poor, who had previously been quartered in a building in the present City Hall Park, were removed first to West Chester and then to Poughkeepsie. After the war, when they returned, a new building was erected in Chambers street. The new Almshouse at Bellevue, now a part of the Hospital, was opened in the beginning of the year 1816. Its expense, including that of the Penitentiary and other buildings, was $418,791.34. There was a farm connected with this up to 1830. The first regular Hospital building was begun here in 1823.
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a Stranger. Call'd at Dr. Smith's and agree'd to accept the pro- posal. The prevailing Epidemic Fever* appears to spread con- siderably near Dr. Young's.
24th. Behold me in a new Station and my mind in a State of confusion and perplexity. At 10 O'clock I call'd on Dr. Smith, and after sitting ,near 2 hours stepp'd into the Chair with him and away we posted to Bell-vue. After instructing me in my duty and introducing me to the family and patients, he shook me affectionately by the hand and departed. There are 6 patients. The Family consists of Mr. Fisher, the Steward, and his wife, Old Daddy, the Gardner, an old negro, a black nurse, and 2 white ones. I spent the afternoon in putting up medicines and arrang- ing matters. At 5 O'clock I sat off and walk'd to my Father's, 33 miles, drank tea, pack'd up some cloaths, books, &c., in a trunk which I bought of my Father. My Mother's feelings are not a little agitated on this change in our family. I returned to the Hospital about half past 8, my Brother keeping me company about a mile up the road. Another patient had arrived. Attend- ing to him and writing the daily report to the Committee of Health employ'd me 'till near 10 in the evening.
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