USA > New York > Bronx County > The Bronx and its people; a history, 1609-1927, Volume II > Part 9
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The Committee on Grievances consists of eight members. It hears
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and considers complaints against members of the bar for professional misconduct, and if, in its opinion, after investigation, sufficient grounds exist for it, the complaint is submitted to the directors. The directors may then cause charges to be presented to the Appellate Division of the proper Department for appropriate action or may institute any other appropriate legal proceedings.
There is also a Library Committee which has charge of the library of the Association, and catalogues from time to time books of the Asso- ciation and promulgates and enforces appropriate rules governing the use of the library, its books and other property. There is also a House Committee which provides for the proper equipment and maintenance of the rooms and building of the Association, having regard to the convenience and comfort of its members, and provides social features for the meetings of the Association.
The officers and directors of the Bronx County Bar Association for 1926 were as follows: President, Charles H. Friedrich; First Vice- President, Bernard S. Deutsch; Second Vice-President, Owen S. M. Tierney; Secretary, William F. Wund; Treasurer, William A. Keating. The members of the Board of Directors of the Association are as fol- lows: George W. M. Clark, Archie B. Morrison, Edward R. Koch, Forrest C. Hirleman, Max Monfried, J. Philip Van Kirk, Henry W. Kiralfy.
The following are the Standing Committees: Committee on Member- ship: Arthur L. Howe, T. Emory Clocke, Arthur Bell, Charles J. Kennedy.
Committee on Amendment of the Law: Stanley Garten, Charles B. McLaughlin, Harry Stackell, Ernest Rolph, Louis Susman, Eugene L. Brisach, Charles A. Conner, Emanuel Schwartz.
Committee on Practice and Procedure : William Klapp, David J. Rosen, Howard C. Kelly, George B. DeLuca, John T. E. Van Derveer, Luke J. LeRolle, Martin Collubier, Owen A. Haley.
Committee on Judiciary : William W. Niles, Harold C. Knoeppel, Douglas Mathewson, Joseph J. Silver, Thomas Gilleran, Thomas C. Patterson.
Committee on Grievances : William T. Matthies, Henry Waldman, Charles P. Hallock, Maurice S. Cohen, Henry K. Davis, James F. Donnelly, John Davis, W. Stebbins Smith.
Committee on Library: Max Gross, Matthew J. Diserio, Edward F. Roehm, John M. Cole, William L. Rosen.
House Committee: Harry Kempner, Daniel J. Dunn, Charles Horst- man, Jacob Pantell, John B. M. Pennetto.
The following were members of the Bronx County Bar Association in 1925 :
Peter A. Abeles, Edward A. Acker, Israel J. P. Adlerman, Silas
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Alacchi, Milton Altschular, Alfred J. Amend, Benjamin Antin, Bernard H. Arnold, C. Arthur Arnstein, Edmund O. Austin.
William Burdell Banister, James M. Barrett, Frederick Behr, Arthur Bell, Oscar Bellick, Herman Bellmer, Robert H. Bergman, Morris Berk- owitz, Abraham Berman, Joseph L. Berry, Laurence J. Bershad, Edward H. Bianco, Alexander Bloch, David M. Bluestone, Asher Blum, Henry Wilson Boyce, E. Mortimer Boyle, John Boyle, Jr., Eugene L. Brisach, Charles Hilton Brown, Nicholas Bucci, Charles E. Buchner, Emory R. Buckner, Bernard Budnick.
J. M. Callahan, John A. Logan Campbell, Harry B. Chambers, Samuel E. Chasin, Harry Chrystall, Adolph Cianchetti, George W. M. Clark, T. Emory Clocke, Harry Cohen, Henry C. Cohen, Maurice S. Cohen, Maxwell Cohen, Moses Cohen, Albert Cohen, Max Cohen, John M. Cole, Martin Conboy, Joseph F. Condon, Lawrence Condon, Francis X. Conlon, Charles A. Conner, Edward L. Corbett, Joseph L. Craig, Maxwell L. Crames.
Joseph R. Damico, Nathan M. Danziger, Henry K. Davis, John Davis, Mortimer De Groot, Michael N. Delagi, George B. DeLuca, Ber- nard S. Deutsch, Solomon De Young, Henry R. Diamond, Matthew J. Diserio, James A. Donnelly, James F. Donnelly, John M. Downes, Daniel J. Dunn, Philip J. Dunn.
William S. Evans, John Ewen.
Louis Fabricant, Herman L. Flak, Benjamin Feldman, Gilbert B. Ferris, M. Maldwin Fertig, Lew Feldherr, Moses S. Finesilver, James J. Fitzgerald, Edward J. Flynn, Henry S. J. Flynn, Wallace S. Fraser, Frederick Freeman, John F. Frees, Gustave Frey, Henry W. Fried, Samuel A. Fried, Henry A. Friedman, Charles H. Friedrich, Theodore H. Friend, Louis B. Frutkin.
William Galland, Charles M. Gambee, Henry F. Gannon, Julius J. Gans, Stanley Garten, David Geiger, Abraham L. Gerlich, Thomas Gil- leran, Isidore Ginsberg, Edward J. Glennon, Louis J. Gold, Samuel Goldstein, Monroe Goldwater, Martin Gollubier, Samuel Greenbaum, Anthony J. Griffin, Hyman Grill, Max Gross, Morris Grossman.
Bernard Hahn, Owen A. Haley, Charles V. Halley, Jr., Charles P. Hallock, Ernest E. L. Hammer, Joseph T. Hanlon, Benjamin Harris, David Harrison, Ellsworth J. Healy, Albert H. Henderson, Joseph P. Hennessy, M. Montefiore Henschel, Otto Henschel, Nicholas A. Heyms- feld, Forrest C. Hirleman, Charles L. Hoffman, Charles H. Horstman, Arthur L. Howe, Frederick C. Hunter, Aaron Hulnick.
Bernard J. Isecke, Joseph S. Israel.
Samuel J. Joseph, J. Tangney Judge, Morris J. Junger.
John Kadel, Bernard I. Kamen, D. Robert Kaplan, Isidor M. Katz, John J. Kearney, William A. Keating, Howard C. Kelly, Harry Kemp- ner, Charles J. Kennedy, Henry W. Kiralfy, William Klapp, Harold
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C. Knoeppel, Raymond J. Knoeppel, Herbert A. Knox, Edward R. Koch, William Koerner, Morris Kohn, Edwin F. Korkus, Joseph J. Kozinn, Bertram L. Kraus, Edward J. Krug, Jr., Joseph S. Kulkin, Ed- ward Kuntz.
Charles C. Lamm, Louis Landes, Thomas C. Larkin, Max J. Le Boyer, Maurice Leffert, Joseph Lefkowitz, Luke J. Le Rolle, Harry Leeser, Joseph M. Levine, M. Carl Levine, Sidney Levine, Meyer Levy, Samuel D. Levy, Henry Lichtig, Abraham Lipton, Herbert Lowenthal, William Lurie, William Lyman.
J. Clifford McChristie, William H. McDougal, John A. McEveety, John E. McGeehan, John J. McGinty, Michael B. McHugh, Joseph V. McKee, John Jay McKelvey, Richard F. McKiniry, Charles B. Mc- Laughlin, J. Fairfax Mclaughlin, Patrick J. McMahon, Ernest J. Magan, Thomas A. Maher, Robert W. Maloney, Marton M. Mandel, Abraham Mann, Jacques Mantinband, James F. Marshall, Edward J. Martin, Douglas Matthewson, William T. Matthies, Alexander A. May- per, J. George Metz, Nathan Messinger, Abraham Midonick, Charles W. Millard, William J. Millard, Richard H. Mitchell, Barney Mogilesky, Max Monfried, Seymour Mork, Gustave Morris, William E. Morris, Archie B. Morrison, Abraham Moscowitz, William T. Mulcahy, Felix A. Muldoon.
Ely Neumann, Jacob Neumark, William W. Niles, Charles M. Norden. John J. O'Brien, Edward M. O'Gorman, Dominick L. O'Reilly, John F. O'Ryan, Benjamin Oppenheim, S. Joseph Oxenberg.
David Paris, Charles C. Parmet, Thomas C. Patterson, Thomas C. Patterson, Jr., Henry D. Patten, Lambert K. Peecock, Lawrence J. Peltin, John B. H. Pennetto, Jacob J. Pantell, Christian S. Phillips, Harold M. Phillips, Simon H. Platt, John J. Prendergast, Karl Propper.
Morris Quasha, William F. Quigley.
William C. Relyea, Samuel F. Reynolds, Louis Richman, Edward F. Roehm, Chester Rohrlich, Ernest Rolph, William L. Rosan, Samuel Rose, David J. Rosen, Joseph Rubin, Charles T. Rudershausen, John J. Ryan, Sylvester Ryan.
Charles Saleson, Louis Sanders, Leo Schafran, Morris S. Schecter, Edward Scherer, Walter C. B. Schlesinger, Louis Schoffel, Abraham M. Schwartz, Emanuel Schwartz, Charles M. Setlow, Maurice Shapiro, James Shea, Peter A. Sheil, John V. Sheridan, Irwin J. Sikawitt, Jesse Silberman, Isidore Silver, Joseph J. Silver, Harry Silverman, Abraham Simonoff, Henry J. Smith, W. Stebbins Smith, Abraham I. Solomon, Louis Solomon, Harry F. Spellman, Henry H. Spitz, Harry Stackell, Edwin M. Stanton, Charles J. Steierman, Frank Steinberg, William H. Steinkamp, George A. Steinmuller, Henry E. Stohldreier, Harold H. Straus, Raymond B. Stringham, Frederick A. Stroh, Daniel F. Sul- livan, Daniel V. Sullivan, Michael J. Sullivan, Louis Susman.
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Robert C. Ten Eyck, William P. Thomas, Joseph C. Thomson, Owen S. M. Tierney, James P. Timoney, Julius D. Tobias, Bernard Trencher.
John T. E. Van Derveer, J. Philip Van Kirk, Edwin Vaughan, Jr., Albert H. Vitale.
Henry Waldman, Irvin Waldman, Charles Warner, Morris Weiss, Leo M. Weider, William R. White, Robert J. Williams, Abraham Wil- son, Jacob W. Winkler, William F. Wund.
Frederick E. Yung.
Israel H. Zinovoy.
The following new members of the Association were elected during 1926 :
Robert Aberman, Louis Bennett, Harry Sabbath Bodin, Herman A. Brand, David L. Cohn, Edward J. Chapman, Louis B. Davidson, Samuel Deutsch, Samuel Feuer, Herman Foster, Harry A. Gair, Alfred B. Hano, Francis X. Kelly, Joseph E. Kinsley, Isidor I. Komitor, Charles P. Kelly, Arthur B. Kelly, Louis J. Naftalison, Samuel Orr, Marcus Rosenthal, Charles V. Scanlan, William A. Scanlan, Milton Silberman, Irving H. Stolz, Dennis R. Sheil, John Dwight Sullivan, Max J. Wein- man, Charles I. Schwab, Albert A. Beregh, Julius S. Berg, Nathaniel Brenner, Leon Dashaw, Robert Diamond, John W. Diserio, Herman S. Goldstein, Louis Jay, Thomas Keogh, Benjamin Komarow, Samuel L. Miller, Herman C. Pollack, Harold Pomerantz, Aaron A. Roth, Lazar Schehr, Harry Seiden, Silas W. Sollfrey, Thomas V. Tozzi, Michael J. Villamena, Daniel A. Walters, Max M. Willens.
The following are honorary members of the Bronx County Bar As- sociation :
John P. Cohalan, Leonard A. Giegerich, Adolph C. Hottenroth, Richard H. Mitchell, George V. Mullan, Alfred R. Page, John M. Tierney, George M. S. Schulz, Louis D. Gibbs, Francis Martin, Louis O. Van Doren.
Officers of the Bronx County Bar Association from the date of its organization have been as follows:
President-W. Stebbins Smith, 1903 and 1904; J. Homer Hildreth, 1905 and 1906; Arthur C. Butts, 1907 and 1908; Douglas Matthewson, 1909 and 1910; Charles P. Hallock, 1911 and 1912; Louis O. Van Doren, 1913-1915; Maurice S. Cohen, 1916; Henry K. Davis, 1917 and 1918; Harold C. Knoeppel, 1919 and 1920; James F. Donnelly, 1921 and 1922; Archie B. Morrison, 1923 and 1924.
First Vice-President-Seward Baker, 1903 and 1904; Arthur C. Butts, 1905 and 1906; Douglas Matthewson, 1907 and 1908; J. C. Julius Lang- bein, 1909; Charles P. Hallock, 1910; Cyrus C. Miller, 1911 and 1912; Maurice S. Cohen, 1913-1915; Henry K. Davis, 1916; John Davis, 1917- 1919; James F. Donnelly, 1920; Charles H. Friedrich, 1921-1924.
Second Vice-President-William T. Matthies, 1903 and 1904; Charles
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P. Hallock, 1905 and 1906; J. C. Julius Langbein, 1907 and 1908; Charles P. Hallock, 1909; Cyrus C. Miller, 1910; Maurice S. Cohen, 1911 and 1912; John Davis, 1913 and 1914; John F. Frees, 1915; John Davis, 1916; Harold C. Knoeppel, 1917 and 1918; James F. Donnelly, 1919; Charles H. Friedrich, 1920; Archie B. Morrison, 1921 and 1922; Bernard S. Deutsch, 1923 and 1924.
Secretary-Charles P. Hallock, 1903 and 1904; Henry K. Davis, 1903- 1908; Edward R. Koch, 1909-1911; J. Philip Van Kirk, 1912-1916; For- rest C. Hirleman, 1917-1922; William F. Wund, 1923 and 1924.
Treasurer-Augustus M. Allen, 1903 and 1904; Willard H. Warner, 1905 and 1906; Michael J. Sullivan, 1907 and 1908; T. Emory Clocke, 1909-1911; Arthur L. Howe, 1912-1916; William A. Keating, 1917-1924.
Chairman of the Executive Committee-Ernest Hall, 1903; J. Homer Hildreth, 1904; Louis O. Van Doren, 1905-1912; Henry K. Davis, 1913- 1915; Harold C. Knoeppel, 1916; Joseph J. Silver, 1917-1919; George W. M. Clark, 1920-1924.
During 1925 addresses by members were delivered at meetings as follows: Herman L. Falk on "Duties of United States Attorney"; Meyer Levy, "What are the Facts?"; John F. O'Ryan, "Transit Situa- tion in New York City"; Thomas Gilleran, "Lawyers in Civic and Social Life"; Max D. Steuer, "How a Case Should be Tried."
The following are the candidates named by the Nominating Com- mittee of the Bronx County Bar Association as officers and directors of the Association for the year 1927: President, Bernard S. Deutsch; First Vice-President, Owen S. M. Tierney; Second Vice-President, Edward R. Koch; Secretary, William F. Wund; Treasurer, William A. Keating.
Senate Discusses Bronx Centre Bill-After a brisk debate the Repub- licans in the Senate at Albany defeated on March 22, 1927, the bill in- troduced by Assemblyman John F. Reidy of The Bronx, and before that passed by the lower house, which would have authorized the use of corporate stock and serial bonds of the city of New York to raise funds for the erection of a new municipal building and a court centre in the borough. The Democrats present voted for the Reidy bill, but the vote, twenty-one to twenty-three, fell five votes short of the twenty- six necessary for its passage.
Senator Knight, the Republican leader, assailed the proposal as the consummation of a plan to boost real estate values in some sections of The Bronx for the benefit of interests that may have secured title. Where the new borough centre was to be located was not revealed by the promoters of the measure. Senator Schackno of The Bronx, when challenged to disclose where it was proposed to erect the new structure, said he did not know.
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According to Mr. Knight, two proposals were made to the introducer of the bill. One was that the measure be amended to provide that the building should be erected on property owned by the city, the other being that the building should be erected on the present Municipal Building site. Senator Schackno said that the bill had the approval of the Board of Estimate, which had appropriated $60,000 as a start.
"I know of no real estate interests that I am favoring here, nor do I understand any have opposed it," Mr. Schackno said. "To the contrary, a group of business men, leaders in their respective lines, came here at a public hearing on the measure where every one favored it. I do not know where this building is going to be erected nor does anybody else. It is a matter for the Board of Estimate to determine."
It was pointed out that the appropriation was made contingent on the passage of the bill, and that the bill had been vetoed by the governor in 1926. It was indicated that the sponsors of the bill intended to con- tinue till it went through.
- CHAPTER XIV EDUCATION
The process of growth in the field of Education in The Bronx has run on lines similar to the development in other departments of the borough's life. It began in a small way early in the history of the ter- ritory, in a way so modest indeed that it is difficult to decide where to lay the finger and to say "Here began the literary story of this re- gion." Needless to say the real education of the people of the territory had begun very much earlier. It began when the first venturesome white man crossed the Harlem and explored a region till then unknown. It was continued when the first settler hewed his first tree and built his first cabin. That is real education-the doing of things, the observation of the senses, the gathering of the sensory data, the planning, and the translation of the plan into the world of fact, the clearing of the for- ests, the making of homes, the surrounding oneself with the amenities of existence as we have learned of them from the generations from whom we have descended. For the fundamental fact of all education is this, that man only learns to do things by trying to do them, by do- ing them badly at first and better afterwards, until he reaches a cer- tain boundary where he can do them no better. Education, however, as the term is usually used, has a meaning more restricted. It refers to the mastery of the artificial keys to knowledge that have been elab- orated by man-the learning of the alphabet, of reading, writing, and arithmetic, and so on. The importance attached to these keys arises from the fact that while they do not educate the man himself, in the sense in which the continual performances of natural occupations edu- cate him, they have this tremendous advantage, that they are an open sesame to him of the knowledge that has been piled up by others. They are the passwords by which he is admitted into the portals of all the arts, all the literature, and all this science accumulated and preserved by the human race from the beginning. And that is why the teaching of these keys to knowledge has almost monopolized the word "Educa- tion," because the wisdom to which they open the mind of the student infinitely surpasses anything which he could acquire by his own un- aided effort.
Needless to say that education and the paraphernalia of education have reached a tremendously high development in the Borough of The Bronx. It could not be otherwise in a section of the largest and richest city in the world. It may be said that the material habitations and the .
Bronx-33
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tools and methods of education here as elsewhere in America have gone many steps ahead of the actual results which they have achieved. But this is in the nature of the case. It is easier to supply these material instruments than it is to discipline and enrich the mind in a like de- gree. The guarantee of the habitations and instruments of learning is the vast wealth which supplies them, and that wealth is here in great profusion. Mental development is the result of a slower and more diffi- cult process. But the presence of the habitations and instruments of learning are at least a fair guarantee of the development of that learn- ing. Education is a slow process even in the individual. In a large population it must be slower still. The mere provision of information will not affect it. That information is only the raw material of educa- tion. It is the pabulum on which intellectual sinew is fed. It is the food which the intellectual system must digest. It is the substance on which talent has to be sharpened. The habitations of learning have often indeed been called gymnasia and rightly, for there the powers of the mind are exercised and strengthened as the body is strengthened. That is why so much real education is self-education-because intense, and willing, and prolonged effort is necessary to it. That is why nearly all the great men of the world have been born students and born thinkers. They enjoyed doing the things that made them great, and they would never have become great had they not enjoyed doing them, not for the purpose of becoming great, but for some inherent and often not apparent quality in the things themselves.
Education in the Colonies-In contrast with the great zeal for educa- tion in The Bronx today, education among the Dutch of the neighbor- hood, as well as elsewhere in the New Netherlands, may be described as a much neglected quality. There were schools in New Amsterdam and in Beverwyck (later Albany); but in the country districts the mother was the teacher, and the Bible and the Catechism the only text- books; so that the Dutchman, while not illiterate, was certainly un- educated. The children of the better classes had more advantages and were sometimes sent to the University of Leyden, especially if the young man intended to become a dominie. The daughters were trained to be housewives and mothers ; to cook and to clean with that thorough- ness which has become proverbial of the Dutch, to sew and to knit, to spin and to weave, and to take care of the poultry and the household generally. It was perhaps hardly till the day of the English that any- thing in the way of schools was established, and these were far from our modern idea of a rural school. In the more eastern portions of the county, adjacent to Connecticut and settled by the people of that colony, the schoolhouse was established at an earlier date, the Yankee necessity of a school having been recognized by the General Court, or Legislature,
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of Massachusetts as early as 1645-47, and carried by Winthrop, Daven- port and others into the colony of Connecticut from the mother colony. The Connecticut settlers of the "Ten Farms" at Eastchester set aside at an early date a piece of land for school purposes and erected a school- house in 1683. The same site was occupied for school purposes for a period of about two hundred years. The English settlers of West- chester established a school at an early date.
The school and the schoolmaster there were maintained by the Pro- pagation Society, the pedagogue being assigned from London and paid an allowance by the society. The inhabitants also contributed to the support of both, and the schoolmaster assisted the rector by instruct- ing his pupils in the Catechism. The first recorded schoolmaster in Westchester was Edward Fitzgerald, who taught in 1709. On October 30, 1709, the Reverend John Bartow writes:
"We want very much a fixed school at Westchester; if Mr. Daniel Clark, my neighbor, now in England, should wait upon you, desirous of that employment, I recommend him as a person worthy of it; being of good report, a constant communicant, and, being a clergyman's son, has had a pious and learned education." The recommendation was ap- parently effective, as Mr. Daniel Clark was schoolmaster from 1710 to 1713.
In the latter year, according to the reports of the society, "Mr. Charles Glover is appointed schoolmaster at Westchester with a salary of £18 per annum, as he is recommended under the character of a per- son, sober and diligent, well affected to the Church of England, and competently skilled in reading, writing, arithmetic, psalmody, and the Latin tongue, provided he comply with the Society's rules in sending certificates of the number of his scholars." He held the position until 1719. The society's abstracts for that year say: "To Mr. William For- rester, schoolmaster at Westchester, who has been recommended as a per- son very well qualified to instruct the youth in the principles of reli- gion and virtue, ten pounds per annum is allowed; and a gratuity of £10 has been given him, in consideration of his past services and his present circumstances." In an abstract of the same year Mr. Forrester reports : "I have at present thirty-five scholars, whom I catechise every Saturday, and also every Sunday that Mr. Bartow goes to another part of the parish." Also, from an extract of 1720: "From Mr. Forrester, schoolmaster at Westchester in the Province of New York, that he takes all the care he can of the children which are sent to him, and has upwards of thirty scholars, which he instructs in the Church Catechism."
In the year 1722 Mr. Bartow reports "that they are repairing the church there (at Westchester) with the voluntary contributions of the people, procured chiefly by the zeal and care of Mr. Forrester, the school-
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master there." In 1724, in answer to questions from the Society, Mr. Bartow gives an exact account of his care. He writes :
Question :- Have you in your parish any public school for the instruction of youth; if you have, is it endowed, and who is the master?
Answer :- We have a public school at Westchester, of which Mr. Forrester is the society's schoolmaster, and we have private schools in other places; no endow- ment; some families of the Town of Pelham that are adjacent come to Eastchester church.
In November, 1729, the Reverend Mr. Standard answers the same questions as follows :
I say there are three schools and three schoolmasters. The first school is at Westchester, William Forrester, master, who has a salary from the Venerable Society, whom we have the honor to serve. The second is at Eastchester, one Delpech, master, who is very well adapted and fitted for that business and is well spoken of as being diligent in it; the third is at New Rochelle, where both French and English are taught. The last two have no other encouragement than what the parents of the children taught, do give.
Mr. Forrester remained as schoolmaster until 1743. That he became a person of considerable prominence is shown by the fact that in 1733 he was put up by the strong De Lancey party as the opponent of Judge Lewis Morris in the election of that year for representative in the As- sembly. In 1744 Mr. Basil Bartow was appointed schoolmaster at the request of the church authorities. The king's commissary reported as follows :
He is the son of the Rev. John Bartow, late the Society's missionary there. He is a person of good temper, sober, and pious, and well affected to the present Government; conformable to the doctrine and discipline of the Church, and ex- ceedingly well qualified for the instruction of children.
Mr. Bartow remained a schoolmaster for nearly twenty years, or until 1762, when we learn from the report of Rector Milner, "that the school is still vacant, and deprived of a teacher, but I petition the So- ciety to continue their bounty to some worthy person who shall be chosen schoolmaster; as the school is a nursery for the Church and of great service in these parts."
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