USA > New York > Jefferson County > The growth of a century: as illustrated in the history of Jefferson county, New York, from 1793-1894 > Part 149
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SCHOOLS.
Theresa contains 15 school districts. The village contains two prosperous schools and employs seven teachers. District No. 1 was organized as a Union Free School district in 1866. In 1893 it was admitted under the Regents of the University as a Regents School, under the title of "Theresa Union School," and immediately became known as one of the foremost schools of its kind in Northern New York. Here pupils reccive a good academic training, and prepare for the study of the learned professions. The first graduating class received their diplomas in June, 1893, and were six in number. The
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present faculty are : D. D. T. Marshall, Principal and Professor of Higher Mathe- matics, the Sciences and Languages; W. D. Morrow, assistant; Miss Ella Valley, inter- mediate; Miss M. H. Ellis, 1st primary ; Miss May Hildreth, 2d primary. The pres- ent Board of Education (1895) are : Henry P. Cheesman, President; Dr. George A. Coe, Dorman Walradt, A. T. Smith; J. R. Stur- tevant, Secretary ; Jason C. Morrow, Treasu- rer. A fine public library is owned by the district, and the school is finely equipped with scientific apparatus. The building is a substantial stone structure, erected in 1870.
Perhaps the most noteworthy teacher was William T. Goodnough, who taught during the "fifties and sixties," a very successful select school.
OAKLAND CEMETERY.
OAKLAND CEMETERY ASSOCIATION Was organized at Theresa in October, 1884; 75 subscribers took 268 shares at $10 per share. The first trustees chosen were: Franklin Parker, J. C. Morrow, Edward D. Sheley, Frank P. Penfield, Loren Stone, William M. Lambie, R. C. Collis, James E. Kelsey, Richard Rodenhurst. The Association pur- chased about 18 acres of land, and erected a brick vault costing about $1,100, put in water works at a cost of $450, and made many improvements. There have been 164 deeds given and about the same number of interments made. The following are the present board: William M. Lambie, Presi- dent; J. C. Morrow, Treasurer; W. C. Porter, Secretary ; A. Cole, F. Parker, H. P. Cheesman, R. Rodenhurst, James Casey, Dorman Walradt.
SOCIETIES.
THERESA LODGE, No. 174, F. & A. M., was organized in August, 1849, with the following charter members: Dr. John D. Davison, Master; John Moak, Senior War- den; John Dillenbeck, Junior Warden; Alanson Doolittle, Gen. Archibald Fisher, Abraham Morrow, Artemus Baker. The present officers are; W. A. Fisher, W. M .: A. T. Smith, S. W .; E. J. Stratton, J. W .; Edson Getman, Treasurer; P. B. Salisbury, Secretary ; J. R. Sturtevant, S. D .; P. J. Kissel, J. D .; A. J. Jarvis, Tyler, The membership is 95.
THERESA CHAPTER No. 149, R. A. M., was organized in 1854, with the following charter members: Dr. John D. Davison, John Moak, W. E. Bennett, Allen Drew, Davis Ballard, John Dillenbeck and Noah Hutchins. The present officers are: J. R. Sturtevant, H. P .; Ceylon Wakefield, K .; D. D. T. Marshall. S .; E. R. Stockwell, Treasurer; George Cornwall, Secretary ; W. C. Porter, C. H .; P. C. Salisbury, P. S .; E. R. Stockwell, R. A. C .; Arthur E. Hume, M. 3d V .; Almon H. Houghton, M. 2d V .; A. T. Smith, M. 1st V .; A. J. Jarvis, Tyler. The membership is 65.
The two Masonic bodies owned a beautiful
suite of rooms, which the disastrous fire of 1890 destroyed. The records, charters and jewels only were saved. Immediately Wm. M. Lambie, one of our foremost citizens, commenced the erection of a fine block, the third story of which he furnished for Masonic purposes, and tendered to the Lodge and Chapter at a nominal rental, finely equipped. Both bodies, of which Mr. Lambie is an honored member, enjoy a good degree of prosperity.
THE FORESTERS .- March 1, 1890, Court Theresa, No. 501, of the Independent Order of Foresters, was organized. The present officers are : D. G. Wilson, C. D. H. C. R .; A. T. Smith, C. R .; F. S. Rodenhurst, V. C. R .; George Heller, P. C. R .; Rev. J. Smiley, Chap .; J. H. Mahoney, R. S .; E. S. Cook, F. S .; G. D. Walradt, Treas .; F. D. O. Yost, S. W .; P. J. Kissel, J. W .; F. D. Deleware, S. B .; J. G. Kissel, J. B .; J. E. Kelsey, physi- cian. The present membership is 50.
THERESA GRANGE, No. 660, was organized March 22, 1890, by Luke Fuller, of Water- town. The charter members were 28 gentle- men and 11 ladies, The present officers are : C. J. Rappole, W. M .; Charles Wilson, O .; Mrs. N. Schell, L .; Herbert Kelsey, S .; Irvin Van Allen, Ass. S .; M. Cheesman, Chap .; Nelson Schell, Treas .; Mrs. F. Place, Sec .; P. McCue, Gate Keeper; Mrs. L. Poole, P .; Mrs. Thomas Sluman, F .; Mrs. H. Webster, C. The present membership is 170.
GEO. W. FLOWER, POST, No. 306, G. A. R., Department of N. Y., was mustered Novem- ber 8, 1882, with the following named charter members: * John Lambie, Oscar Cornwall, *Willard C. Porter, Ransom Green, Norman George, Jerome Cooper, *Henry A. Kissel, Nelson Sheley, *Agor J. Jarvis, Dempster Graves, John Seymour, Barnet Hox, Alex Rivers, Nelson Waltz, Richard A. Irvin, Charles Peck, *Edward Nugent, Robert Mc- Crary, "Nathan F. Huntington, Simeon Sar- geant, George B. Huntington, Jerome Put- nam, Warren F, Swan, George Saunderson, John Zellar, Frank Duffany and John Lambie, commander; W. C. Porter, adjutant. In April, 1890, the Post lost all their furniture, records and charter by fire, but soon rented another hall, located on the same site of the old one, and refurnished their room and met regularly since its first muster. The Post was named after our beloved comrade, Col. George W. Flower, a native of Theresa. The charter members' names marked with a star (*) have been honored with the office of com- mander. The Post was presented with $100 by Hon. R. P. Flower, and through his re- commendation furnished with the Records of the Union and Confederate armies, which publications when finished will be a complete history of the orders, correspondence, and all records in the possession of the government of both the Union and Confederate forces, and their War Department papers. Governor Flower and the whole Flower family have ever held this Post in affectionate remem- brance, and have often contributed materially
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to its prosperity and permanent growth. Col. Flower is gratefully remembered as a noble soldier. [See page 171.] Union soldiers now living in the town of Theresa, N. Y .: G. D. Hoover, John H. Wood, John Zellar, John H. Simons, W. C. Porter, Samuel Harris, Joseph Howland, Wm. Radigan, August Kissel, C. McIntyre, D. D. Augsbury, Dempster Graves, John Bates, M. Sprague, Frank Duffany, George W. Lawton, Ervin Tibbles, Bronson Felt, Nelson Sheley, George Place, D. W. Corbin, A. B. Wilson, Alexander Rivers, Chas. D. Merrill, Charles Perkins, Charles Pierce, W. L. Devendorf, Jerome Putnam, John Seymour, Levi Seymour, J. F. Butter- field, Lewis Duffany, George Parkhurst, Rev. W. F. Ball, Joseph Gassan, Captain Jerome Cooper, R. H. Green. John Good- nough, Hiram W. Tyler, Charles C. Eddy, Norman George, W. F. Swan, William D. Phillips, Freeman Phillips, George Kelsey, Wm. Welch, N. F. Huntington, A. J. Jarvis, Patrick Farrell, E. G. Corbin, George Chau- mont, M. G. Pool and Jefferson Closs. There are 52 pensioners residing in the town, in- . cluding widows and mothers of the late war and of the War of 1812, all receiving about $1,500 each quarter.
FIRE DEPARTMENT .- The Theresa Fire Department was incorporated September 12, 1892, pursuant to Chapter 244 of the Laws of 1887, of the State of New York. The company was organized with 17 charter members. There are now 30 active members in the department, equipped with one Howe hand pump and one hose cart, and occupy a splendid two-story engine house and hall, erected hy the citizens of the village in 1894, at a cost of $1,400. The present officers are : George P. Schwarz, Chief; Peter J. Kissel, 1st Assistant; Walter Jenkins, 2d Assistant ; James Casey, Jr., Secretary ; F. D. O. Yost, Treasurer.
SUPERVISORS.
Alexander Salisbury, 1841 ; J. D. Davison, 1842-3; Gen. A. Fisher, 1844-5; Jesse Kel- sey, 1846; Zalmon Pool, 1847-8; Anson Ranney, 1849-50; P. D. Bullard, 1851; A. Ranney, 1852-3. [For halance of list, from 1854 to 1894, see pages 337-344].
TOWN OFFICERS.
The officers of the town of Theresa are: George E. Yost, supervisor; W. C. Porter, C. A. Kelsey, P. B. Salisbury, William Wal- radt, Celon Wakefield, justices of the peace; G. D. Hoover, town clerk; Willard A. Pierce, commissioner of highways; Hiram P. Salisbury, collector ; Loren Shurtleff, Ben- jamin Calvin, A. R. Bodman, assessors; Jerome B. Cooper, Ichahod C. Chrysler, John Bates, Linal Pierce, Jason C. Dowen, constables ; Marl Pierce, game constable; Calvin B. Still, John Parker, Joseph How- land, excise commissioners.
VILLAGE OFFICERS.
The present officers of the village of Theresa are: R. Rodenhurst, president; M.
E. Cornwall, G. D. Hoover, Alonzo Cheney, trustees ; George Casey, treasurer; H. P. Salisbury, clerk ; E. F. Parkhurst, collector; Adam Hild, commissioner; J. C. Dowen, police.
BUSINESS PEOPLE OF THERESA.
Bank of Theresa : Geo. E. Yost.
Bakery and Confectionery : A. M. Holkins. Dry Goods Stores : Wm. M. Lambie and Geo. Kelsey.
Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots and Shoes : D. Walradt & Sons, William L. Root, James Casey & Sons, Cheesman & Avery and Lehr & Loucks.
Foundry : Celon Wakefield & Son.
Drugs and Groceries: A. I. Smith and D. G. Wilson.
Groceries and Provisions : John G. Kissel, Stratton & Cheney, C. A. Young and W. L. Devendorf.
Hotels : Getman Bros. and American House, M. Barret, proprietor.
Hardware: R. Rodenhurst & Son, Wescott & Hoover and G. W. Henry.
Contractor and Builder : E. D Sheley.
Grist and Flouring Mills : Snell & Make- peace and Poole & Cheesman.
Newspaper : The Weekly Gleaner, Strough Brothers, editors and proprietors.
Harness Shops: Patrick D. Kelley and Jerome D. Salisbury.
Undertaker and Furniture Dealer : Fisher & Co.
Merchant Tailor : George W. Bidleman.
Blacksmith Shops : Thomas Pedder, Jones & Pool, James Casey, Fred Lambert and Wescott & Kissel.
Carriages and Sleighs : Stotler & Kissel.
Watchmaker and Jeweler : W. D Chapman. In business past 50 years.
Saw-Mill and Cheese Box Factory : Stock- well & Parker and Poole & Cheesman.
Dentists : Geo. A. Coe and David L. Coe.
Physicians : J. R. Sturtevant, J. E. Kelsey, F. L. Santway and Miss Dell Dresser, homæp- athist.
Lawyers (in active practice): C. A. Van- Allen, C. A. Kelsey and Geo. P. Breen.
Millinery and Ladies Furnishings: Mrs. W. C. Porter and Mrs. E. F. Parkhurst. Livery and Sale Stable : O. M. Ladd.
Insurance Agents : T. H. Donald & Son.
Monuments and Headstones: J. S. Bates & Son.
Meat Markets: O. D. Weeks and Gilts & Cook.
Shoe Makers : Curtis Thwing (in business many years) and Jacob Will.
Produce Dealer : Joseph Fayel.
Cheese Maker and Wholesale Buyer : Irvin Cooper.
THE GREAT FIRE.
The following were the sufferers in the great fire of April 5, 1890 :
Getman Bros., hotel, store, barn and sheds. A. T. Smith, drug store and Getman Bros. store.
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THE GROWTH OF A CENTURY.
J. C. Bidleman, store furniture.
A. T. Richardson, postoffice building.
John G. Kissel, stock in A. I. Richard- son's building.
George Lehr & Son, building and boot and shoe stock.
F. M. Peck, double-store, brick building and stock of household goods on 2d floor.
W. L. Root, store and stock, with house- hold goods on 2d floor.
Caroline Dresser, brick store, occupied by C. Keller; saloon on 1st floor, dwelling on 2d floor.
E. S. Stockwell, shop building, occupied by C. Thwing, shoe maker; J. D. Salisbury, harness-maker, and by W. Johnson, photo- graph gallery.
E. S. Stockwell, dwelling and barn, occu- pied by E. R. Stockwell.
George Kelsey, brick store, dwelling on 2d floor; Kelsey & Schwarts, stock of dry goods.
George E. Yost, brick bank building ; John Parker, dwelling on 2d floor.
D. G. Wilson, brick building and dry goods stock ; C. W. Thompson, attorney, on 2d floor ; Dr. J. E. Kelsey, doctor's office on 2d floor.
Sarah C. Hannahs, brick store and store- house, occupied by Cheeseman & Evans, dry goods stock, 1st floor; D. L. Coe, dental office and dwelling, 2d floor; G. W. Flower Post, No. 306, 3d floor.
R. Rodenhurst, store and hardware stock.
William M. Lambie, brick store and dry goods stock, and Hildreth & Hoover, meat market; A. L. Chapman, attorney, 2d floor ; Masonic Lodge and Chapter, 3d floor.
F. L. Santway, brick building and office on 2d floor; E. J. Stratton, grocery, 1st floor. F. L. Santway, dwelling and barn.
G. W. Henry, stone store and hardware stock.
W. D. Chapman & Son, building, with jewelry store and fishing tackle manufactory. George E. Yost, store building.
Fayel & Casey, merchandise stock.
Mrs. H. A. Coe, brick dwelling. Mrs. William K. Peck, store building. W. A. Fisher & Co., stock of furniture. John Courts, store and dwelling.
O. M. Ladd, livery, barn and shed.
M. L. Stotler, building and carriages.
M. L. Cook, blacksmith shop.
Mrs. E. F. Parkhurst, building, millinery store and dwelling.
Franklin Parker, dwelling and barn.
W. C. Porter, brick dwelling, millinery store, dwelling and barn.
L. W. Tyler, brick tenement, occupied by David Tyler and Jerome Westcott.
Victor Cooper, dwelling and barn.
J. C. Morrow, dwelling.
The following were damaged: William Walradt, D. A. Salisbury, W. D. Chapman, George A. Coe, J. R. Sturtevant, G. Snell, Jr.
Total loss over $150,000; insurance paid, about $100,000.
THE NATHAN M. FLOWER FAMILY.
SIXTY-FIVE years ago the " Falls of the In- dian River" was the only designation for what is now known as "Theresa," the name given it later on by Mr. LeRay, who held large possessions thereabouts. That waterfall, as in all new countries, was the principal attraction which led men to settle in a neighborhood which must have been at first actually repulsive. As most of the earliest settlers came originally from New England, however, a few rocks more or less did not appear to discourage them, for they com- prehended that the waterfall meant "in the fullness of time" a mill to grind their proven- der, and a factory to card their wool into rolls for spinning, and perhaps to weave their cloth, for in those days the farmers ex- pected to manufacture all their clothing at home, the ready-made clothing man being yet unborn.
In 1824-25, when the first families began to move into the heighborhood of Theresa, the country was largely covered with forests, the roads in most localities were mere bridle paths, marked by blazed trees, and without bridges, except upon what was called the "Military Road," built by the government to connect its garrison at Sackets Harbor with Ogdensburg. What is now the village proper had but few dwellings.
The one man who was to make the firmest impression upon the town, and to leave the most cherished memories behind him was Nathan M. Flower, father of New York's popular Governor. Mr. Flower settled there in 1822, coming with his worthy wife from Ot- sego county, where he had followed the trade of a clothier. He established the first ma- chinery driven by the water power of Indian river upon the north side of the lower falls, and lived in a small house near the factory ; in that house Roswell Pettibone was born. This stalwart infant took his name from a Presbyterian preacher, the Rev. Roswell Pettibone, who came to Theresa every other Sabbath and preached iu the old school house that stood upon the sand hill at the lower end of the village. He was a rare man, an active abolitionist, an ardent temperance advocate, an was greatly beloved by Mr. Flower.
As I have previously hinted, all the farmers bad their small flock of sheep and their own spinning wheels, and their patronage, as the country became settled, gave Mr. Flower a prosperous business. It was my privilege to know him intimately. His manner was gentle, his deportment dignified, without the least repulsion, with a most intelligent and pleasing face. While he was not a collegiate, nor even an academician, he yet had a first-
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PERCIVAL D. BULLARD.
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TUERESA.
class district school education, and could write his ideas fluently and readily. In brief, he was possessed in a large degree of that wholesome blessing-rare common sense. In politics he was a pronounced and leading Whig, and in that strong Democratic town he was elected justice of the peace for twenty consecutive years. Some of the ablest lawyers in Jefferson county, including the brightest and most learned among them all, Hon. Chas. E. Clarke, plead their cases in his court, and I do not think a single one of his decisions was ever successfully appealed. In the church, as in all other matters at Theresa, he was a leader-himself and his wife being two of the nine persons who organized the Pres- byterian Church in 1825.
As time rolled on, seven children blessed this exemplary couple, and every one of them became successful in business, and reached the highest social positions in the communi- ties where their lot was cast. Having filled in every sense the full measure of manhood, this complete gentleman and citizen dicd sud- denly of apoplexy in 1843. Then was thrown upon his estimable widow the burden of car- ing for that large family, and she responded to the duties imposed upon her in a manner that elicited the warmest praise and admira- tion. When the father died, the two older boys, Nathan and Roswell, had begun to be employed more or less about the factory, but only worked at the suggestion of a kind and affectionate parent. Mrs. Flower resolved to continue the business, which had become the most profitable industry in the place. Her husband had taken a partner a few years before his death, and, of course, he continued on as the surviving partner, taking in the boys as helpers, and dividing the profits with the widow. This partner was quite a differ- ent person from Mr. Flower. He was not popular, and the people thought that the little boys had a pretty hard time under their new boss. But if Mrs. Flower felt in any way aggrieved, she made no complaint, and
kept her children well in hand. They were all faithful and obedient in an unusual de- gree, and were beloved by the Theresa people, for they could not forget the father who had spent among them a useful and ex- emplary life, without an enemy. I haveseen Nathan and Roswell each doing a man's work in that factory when respectively 15 and 12 years of age, yet apparently not the worse for their toil. In this manner these children laid the foundation of their robust con- stitutions, and by diligent attention in the village school from November to July in each year, they prepared their minds for the elevated positions they were to fill, and thus Governor Flower came, by what we may call "natural inheritance," to possess the quali- ties which have made him so popular and so conspicuous.
Nor did Roswell monopolize all the sterling virtues of his parents. Nathan, the eldest, was my comrade in 1850, in the long journey to California, a stalwart reliable man, capable of filling any position or of meeting any emergency. George, Watertown's one-time mayor, was the most popular line officer of the old 35th, an irreproachable soldier, the idol of his men, and for whom the G. A. R. Post at Theresa is named. Orville died young, having just graduated as a physician iu some town west, the name of which has escaped me. John was for years a successful business man of Utica, and now, with his youngest brother, Anson, is a member of the widely known and respected firm of Flower & Co., 52 Broadway, New York. Anson we can almost claim as a war comrade as he was the popular clerk for Tower & Co., who supplicd the 35th with sutler stores while in the field. There were two daughters, one having married the lead- ing merchant of Theresa. Silas L. George. The other daughter married Dr. Carpenter, a successful physician. Both of these ladies arc now dead, but they left behind them irre- proachable reputations, and there are many who now rise up and call them "blessed."
PERCIVAL DORMAN BULLARD
WAS born in the town of Henderson in 1819. He was the son of Percival and Dorcas (Philips) Bullard, who came into Jefferson county previous to 1812, for in that year Mr. Bullard, Sr., was a merchant at Sackets Harbor. Hc was afterward a merchant at Henderson village, in company with his brother, the firm name being Percival & Jonathan Bullard. In 1823 he removed to Theresa and became proprietor of the old grist-mill, purchasing it from Mr. LeRay. It was the first grist-mill built in Theresa, and Mr. Bullard continued owner until his death. He paid for part of the mill in wheat at 44 cents a bushel, delivered in Watertown, probably the lowest price for which that cereal ever changed hands in Jefferson county.
Percival D. Bullard came to Theresa with his parents in 1823, when four years of age. He had the benefits of the village schools, and at 16 completed his scholastic education by two and one-half years attendance at the Lowville Academy, then an important school. After this tour at school he began his com- mercial education with Rulison & Thomas. at Evans Mills, then with O. S. Salisbury, at Belleville, finally returning to Theresa in 1837, entering the store of Anson Ranney, where he continued for three years, and then purchased an interest in the business, the firm becoming (April 1, 1840), Ranney & Bullard, who were the leading merchants at that place. After four years of this partner- ship Mr. Bullard withdrew from the firm, and after building the brick store on the cor-
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ner opposite Ranney's stone building, he began (in 1845), as a merchant upon his own account, and in bis own building. In 1848 the firm became Bullard & Walradt, and thus continued until 1861, when Mr. Bullard retired temporarily from active business. In 1865 he again returned to the old corner, and organized the firm of P. D. Bullard & Co., composed of himself, A. Walradt and Mr. Bullard's son-in-law, John D. Flower.
In 1840 Mr. Bullard married Miss Cather- ine L. Walradt, and their children are: Percival, who died in his 11th year; Abi- gail (wife of John D. Flower, Esq., residing in New York city); Amelia (wife of Mr. John Lambie, a merchant of Theresa); she died May 19, 1883; Clarence (who married Lena Chadwick); Florence (wife of D. F. Stanley, of Adams); Ida (wife of M. C. Pur- dey, of Ellisburg); and George, residing in New York city. Mrs. Bullard died in 1870. In 1871 Mr. Bullard married Mrs. Maria Walradt, widow of Godfrey Walradt. In January, 1870, Mr. Flower retired from the firm of P. D. Bullard and Co., and Mr. Bull- ard and Mr. Walradt continued in trade until
1873. In that year Mr. Bullard sold his half of the goods to Mr. Kelsey, and permanently retired from trade, though not from business. He is one of the oldest citizens of Theresa, and the oldest continuing resident of that village. He is a man peculiarly modest and unassuming, yet has a strong character, very conservative, but always on the side of im- provement and progress. A leading merch- ant for many years, he has not an enemy in the town, for he has always been noted for fair dealing and honest purposes. Himself and his family have always been the friends of law and order, and doing their full share towards elevating the tone of society and the best interests of the community. He bears his years remarkably well, and is as active as a man of 60, with a clear head, and a resolute participant in whatever labors come to him in discharging the various trusts committed to his care. He was elected supervisor of his town in 1851, 1857 and 1863. In 1856 his town gave a Republican majority of 186. Mr. Bullard has always been a Democrat, but never for an hour opposed President Lincoln.
EBENEZER AND ALMIRA LULL.
THESE were the two early residents of Theresa, now remembered by not more than half-a-dozen of its present population, and deserve a place upon the immortal page of history-for their example in life was par- ticularly elevated, and the memories they left have been wholesome and beneficient.
Ebenezer Lull, whose tombstone may be seen near the entrance to the old burying-ground at Theresa, was born at Butternuts, Otsego county, April 10, 1799, and came to Theresa village at an early day. Butternuts was the neighborhood whence came Nathaniel Mon- roe Flower and wife, and the widely-known Fayel family. Mr. Lull was of the very best stock of that historic county, his parents being among those who escaped from Cherry Valley during the incursion of the British Indians, under the leadership of the renegade Butler, whose heavy hand was sorely felt by the early settlers between the Hudson and the Susquehanna. From that massacre and pillage Mr. Lull's mother escaped on horse- back with a baby in her lap and a little child tied to the pillow of her saddle bebind her. She was a heroine, whose name is immortal in the history of Otsego county.
The first store at Theresa village was started by Lull & Walton, and when his busi- ness had become established, Mr. Lull mar- ried Almira Barnes, the village school teacher (July 29, 1821), whose parents resided in what was then called the Barnes Settle- ment, at Goose Bay, in Alexandria. She was born in Steuben, N. Y., September 11, 1778. They had three children born to them, two daughters and a son, and the firm prospered. Mr. Lull was a loveable man, tall and intelli- gent, admired by all. The writer has heard some of the older settlers tell of their per- sonal obligations to him, for he helped some of them over hard places, perhaps insurmount- able but for the credit he kindly gave for goods needed to sustain their families. The firm early went into lumbering, and for a
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