USA > New York > Jefferson County > The growth of a century: as illustrated in the history of Jefferson county, New York, from 1793-1894 > Part 73
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W. Zimmerman Brownville.
Wm. J Wyman
Rodman.
D. L. Fitzgerald .Cape Vincent.
J. W. Waldon Rutland.
B. W. Chapman
Theresa.
J. Stears, Jr
Watertown.
Jobn Nill .
1st Ward, city.
L. C. Greenleaf
2d Ward, city.
Elon R. Brown.
3d
Ward, city.
Thomas F. Kearns
.4thı Ward, city.
James C. Graham Wilna.
G. H. Wilcox Worth.
1887.
W. D. Arms
Adams.
A. Bickelhaupt
Alexandria.
L. A. Bacon
Antwerp.
Edward Spicer Brownville.
J. A. Scobell. . Cape Vincent.
G. D. Hewitt . Champion.
Fred Haas Clayton.
Isaac P. Wodell
Ellisburgh.
H. E. Carpenter
Henderson.
H. J. Lane
. Houndsfield.
F. E. Croissant
LeRay.
W. R. Grow
Lorraine.
T. O. Peck.
Lyme.
B. J. Strough .Orleans.
C. E. Makepeace Pamelia.
A. C. Comstock Philadelphia.
W. J. Wyman .Rodman.
L. D. Olney Rutland
B. W. Chapman
Theresa.
B. W. Gifford
Watertown.
W. H. Delmore.
Wilna.
W. S. Carlisle .1st Ward, city.
S. C. Greenleaf.
.2d Ward, city.
E. R. Brown
.. 3d
Ward, city.
T. F. Kearns
4th Ward, city.
S. B. Kellogg
Worth.
1888.
W. D. Arms Adams.
A. C. Cornwall.
Alexandria.
L. A. Bacon
Antwerp.
Edward Spicer
. Brownville.
J. A. Scobell . Cape Vincent.
Wesley Briggs.
. Champion.
Fred Haas . Clayton.
I. P. Wodell .Ellisburgh.
H. E. Carpenter Henderson. H. J. Lane.
Houndsfield.
F. E. Croissant LeRay.
W. R. Grow .Lorraine.
Waitsill Crumb Lyme.
B. J. Strough. . Orleans
C. E. Makepeace Pamelia.
A. C. Comstock Philadelphia.
W. J. Wyman Rodman.
Jay Waldo
Rutland.
George Kelsey
B. W. Gifford
Watertown.
J. Atwell, Jr
.2d Ward, city.
E. R. Browu. 3d Ward, city.
T. F. Kearns
4th Ward, city.
W. H. Delmore Wilna.
S. B. Kellogg
Worth.
John F. Delaney Lyme.
Byron J. Strough. Orleans.
F. E. Ward
Pamelia.
A. C. Comstock
Philadelphia.
Wesley Briggs
. Champion.
W. H Rees. . Clayton.
J. M. Thompson Ellisburgh.
H. E. Carpenter
Henderson.
J. A. McWayne
Houndsfield.
F. E. Croissant
. LeRay.
C. D. Grimshaw
. Lorraine.
J. T. Delancy
. Lyme.
B. J. Strough
Orleans.
E. B. Nichols
. Pamelia.
C. O. Roberts .Philadelphia.
W. J. Wyman
Rodman.
Charles Roberts Rutland.
George Kelsey Theresa.
B. W. Gifford
Watertown.
W. O. Smith
1st Ward, city.
J. Atwell, Jr.
J. B. Lowe
Thomas F. Kearns
4th Ward, city.
W. H. Delmore Wilna.
S. B. Kellogg Worth.
1890.
W. D. Arms ..
Adams.
Fred T. Holmes.
Alexandria.
G. H. Wood
Antwerp.
W. Zimmerman
Brownville.
Daniel L. Fitzgerald. . Cape Vincent.
Wesley Briggs Champion.
W. H. Consaul.
Clayton
J. M. Thompson . Ellisburgh.
Adelbert A. Scott
Henderson.
J. A. McWayne
Houndsfield.
Fred E. Croissant LeRay.
C. D. Grimshaw Lorraine.
Eli B. Johnson Lyme.
Byron J. Strough . Orleans.
Edward B. Nichols ..
Pamelia.
Albert W. Oatman
.Philadelphia.
Wm. J. Wyman
Rodman.
Carl H. Frink.
. Rutland.
George E. Yost Theresa.
Burt W. Gifford .. Watertown.
Richard Holden, Jr 1st Ward, city.
J. Atwell, Jr.
2d
Ward, city.
R. E. Smiley.
3d Ward, city.
Solon Wilder.
4th Ward, city.
W. H. Delmore
Wilna.
Phillip H. Brennan Worth.
. Theresa.
Edward Spicer
Foster Rhines
1st Ward, city.
2d Ward, city.
3d Ward, city.
344
THE GROWTH OF A CENTURY.
1891.
1893.
W. D. Arms Adams.
W. D. Arms Adams.
Fred T. Holmes
Alexandria.
Fred T. Holmes Alexandria.
G. H. Wood
Antwerp.
Gary H. Wood, Antwerp.
W. Zimmerman Brownville.
Walter Zimmerman . Brownville.
D. L. Fitzgerald .Cape Vincent.
L. G. Kelsey . . Cape Vincent.
George D. Hewitt . Champion.
C. A. Beyer Champion.
W. H. Consaul.
. Clayton.
Wm. H. Consaul
. Clayton.
R. H. Brown
. Ellisburgh.
I. P Wodell Ellisburgh.
A. A. Scott.
Henderson.
Adelbert A. Scott.
. Henderson.
J. A. McWayne
.Houndsfield.
J. A. McWayne Houndsfield.
F. E. Croissant.
LeRay.
F. E. Croissant LeRay.
C. D. Grimshaw
Lorraine.
C. D. Grimshaw Lorraine.
Eli B. Johuston
.Lyme.
Eli B. Johnston
.Lyme.
Byron J. Strough Orleans.
B. J. Strough Orleans.
Edward B. Nichols Pamelia.
S. D. Ball. .Pamelia.
C. O. Roberts. Philadelphia.
C. O. Roberts
.Philadelphia.
H. S. Dean
. Rodman.
Harrison S. Dean
. Rodman.
Carl H. Frink
Rutland.
Herman L. Allen
. Rutland.
George E. Yost
Theresa.
George E. Yost.
Theresa.
F. M. Parker.
Watertown.
Frank M. Parker
Watertown.
Richard Holden
1st Ward, city.
Richard Holden, Jr 1st Ward, city.
J. Atwell. Jr.
2d Ward, city.
Joseph Atwell, Jr. .2d
Ward, city.
R. E. Smiley.
.3d
Ward, city.
A. D. Seaver. 3d Ward, city.
Solon Wilder.
.4th Ward, city.
Wm. H. Tallett
.4th Ward, city.
John Whaling
Wilna.
John Whaling. Wilna.
L. L. Cornell.
Worth.
A. D. Boyd. Worth.
1892.
1894.
W. D. Arms
Adams.
W. D. Arms. Adams.
Fred T. Holmes.
Alexandria.
W. H. Thompson Alexandria.
Gary H. Wood.
Antwerp.
G. H. Wood. Antwerp.
Walter Zimmerman
. Brownville.
Walter Zimmerman Brownville.
L. G. Kelsey
. Cape Vincent.
L. G. Kelsey Cape Vincent.
Chas. A. Beyer Champion.
C. A. Beyer. . Champion.
W. H. Consaul.
Clayton
Wm H. Consaul . Clayton.
Isaac P. Wodell
Ellisburgh.
E. A. Chapman . Ellisburgh.
Albert A. Scott.
Henderson.
A. A. Scott.
Henderson.
J. A. McWayne
Houndsfield.
J. A. McWayne
.Houndsfield.
F. E. Croissant
LeRay.
F. E. Croissant
.LeRay.
C. D. Grimshaw.
Lorraine.
C. D. Grimshaw
Lorraine
Eli B. Johnston
Lyme.
E. B. Johnson
Lyme.
Byron J. Strough.
Orleans.
B. J. Strough Orleans.
Edward B. Nichols
Pamelia.
S. D. Ball. Pamelia.
C. O. Roberts
. Philadelphia.
C. O. Roberts
. Philadelphia.
H. S. Dean.
. Rodman.
H. S. Dean
Rodman.
H. L. Allen
.Rutland.
H. L. Allen. . . Rutland.
George E. Yost
.Theresa.
George E. Yost Theresa.
F. M. Parker
Watertown.
Frank M. Parker Watertown.
Barney McCarthy
1st Ward, city.
Richard Holden, Jr. 1st Ward, city.
J. Atwell, Jr. 2d Ward, city.
Joseph Atwell 2d Ward, city.
R. E. Smiley 3d Ward, city.
A. D. Seaver
.3d Ward, city.
Solon Wilder
4th Ward, city.
Wm. H. Tallett 4th Ward, city
John Whaling
Wilna.
C. J. Clark Wilna.
L. L. Cornell.
Worth.
A. D. Boyd. . Worth.
THE PATRIOT WAR.
DURING the fall of 1837 there occurred one of the most curious, and what would now be classed as inexcusable and insane episodes that Jefferson county and the whole northern frontier had ever witnessed-nothing more nor less than a popular effort on the part of American citizens to overthrow the govern- ment of Canada by an unwarranted invasion of the frontier towns, expecting to arouse the people to immediate participation in the re-
bellious effort as soon as a stand should have been made. Ridiculous as this affair appears at this day, it was a popular and an enthu- siastic effort at that time, drawing into its service many educated and apparently level- headed men, and meeting with an amount of sympathy with the northern public that was really astonishing.
There had been for some time considerable discontent in Canada, the people claiming that
345
THE PATRIOT WAR.
they were virtually shut out from proper participation in the government, and their repeated efforts to obtain better legislation had been disregarded, and at times treated with contempt. This discontent was more pronounced in the Lower Province, where the French Canadians had great influence, and had never in their hearts yielded a loyal sup- port to the English rule over a country which had once belonged to France. It was said at the time that the issues made by the Caua- dians against their rulers were greater than the causes that separated the American colonies from the English. The Reform party in Parliament of the Upper Province was led by William Lyon Mckenzie. and Papenau was the leader in the Lower Prov- ince. The Tory home government sustained all the oppressive aets of the local government. The Reform party refused to vote supplies for the support of the government, and the Parliaments were dissolved. The excitement had become great all through the provinces, extending to the frontiers on this side. The parliament buildings at Montreal were burned. The first collision between the Reform parties and the Tories, in the Upper Province, was on Yonge street, Toronto, where several were killed. The feeling now became very intense. The Reform party eontained many determined and resolute men, but they desired relief from British oppression through peaceful means They liad never contemplated a resort to arms, but the feeling in both provinces was aroused to such an extent that it could not be peaceably con- trolled. The feeling for the relief of Canada seemed to pervade all classes; secret societies were formed in the principal towns on this side as well as on the Canadian side of the river They were called Hunter's Lodges, and had signs and pass-words by which they could recognize each other.
In the summer of 1837, William Lyon Mc- Kenzie and Gen. VanRensselaer with 300 men established themselves on Navy island in Canadian waters, between Chippewa and Grand Island, in the Niagara river. Rein- forcements came to Navy Island from the American side. The little steamer "Caro- line " was chartered to carry passengers and freight to the island from Buffalo. On the night of November 29, 1837, while this steamer was moored at Schlosser's wharf, a captain in the English army with a company of British soldiers, boarded her and after murdering one of her crew, and wounding several others, set her on fire, and cutting the boat loose, sent her adrift over Niagara Falls. One Captain Alexander McLeod. while on a debauch at Niagara, made his boast that he was one of the gang that burned the Caroline. He was arrested for the murder of Durfee. His trial was commenced at Canandaigua, but it was considered unsafe and he was removed to Utica. His defense was that he acted under the authority of the British govern- ment. He proved an alibi and was acquitted, being defended by able Canadian lawyers. The outrage was complained of by Governor
Marcy to Martin Van Buren, then President of the United States, but no demand on the British government was ever made. The President issued a proclamation forbidding all persons from aiding or assisting, in any way, the rebellious acts of any people, or collection of people, who interfered with the execution of the laws of a friendly nation, declaring all such persons outlaws and not entitled to the protection of the American government.
Great preparations were soon made for an attack upon Kingston, while the St. Lawrence was bridged with ice. On the night of February 19, 1838, the arsenal at Watertown was broken into and 400 stand of arms were taken. The arsenals at Batavia and Eliza- betlitown were also plundered. On the 20th of February patriots began to flock to French Creek in large numbers with a supply of arms and ammunition, consisting of 1,000 stand of arms, 20 barrels of cartridges and a large store of provisions. It was intensely cold, and the men suffered from exposure. Gen- eral Rensselaer VanRensselaer, a son of General VanRensselaer, of the war of 1812, was to assume the command. Either through the cowardice of the officers or the men, no man saw Canadian soil, and after much talk of bravery the men dispersed to their homes. It was reported that Colonel Bonnycastle, at the head of 1,600 men, was coming from Kings- ton to make an attack upon the town, and through fear and of the loved ones at home, the patriots scattered without much ceremony, leaving all their arms and ammunition be- hind. This flight homeward was asridiculous as their attempt was insane.
On the night of May 30, 1838, the Canadian steamner, Sir Robert Peel, which was com- manded by John B. Armstrong, on her way from Brockville to Toronto, with 19 passen- gers and about £20,000 in specie for paying off the troops in the Upper Province, was taking on wood at MeDonnell's wharf, in the southern channel of the St. Lawrence, near Alexandria Bay, when a company of men, led by " Bill " Johnson, the alleged liero of the Thousand Islands, disguised and painted like savages, armed with muskets and bayonets, rushed on board, shouting, "Remember the Caroline." The night was dark and rainy. The passengers (wbo were asleep in the cabin) together with the crew were ordered on shore. The boat was then pushed out into the river and burned. The sunken hull can be seen there to this day. Heavy rewards were offered for the apprehension of the offenders by both governments. Twelve of the band were arrested and held in the Watertown jail for about six months. Among the names were William Anderson, James Potts, Nathan Lee, Chester Warner, Seth Warner, William Smith, Marshall W. Forward, William S. Nichols. Henry S. Hunter and James Hunter. On the 2d of June, Anderson was indicted and hield for arson in the first degree. He was tried before John P. Cushman, one of the circuit judges, and defended by Calvin MeKnight, Benjamin Wright, John Clark and Bernard Bagley. After a deliberation of two hours
346
THE GROWTH OF A CENTURY.
the jury brought in a verdict of " not guilty." After a time the others were released on their own recognizance, and were never subjected to a trial.
William Jolinston was born in Lower Canada and became a confidential friend of William Lyon MeKenzie. He became a leader in the Reform party and afterwards removed to French Creek. He was a man of great energy, and bore a fair reputation Johnston was now considered the patriotic commander, and a band under his command fortified themselves on one of the islands within the Jefferson county line. His entre- pid, daughter, Kate Johnston, held communi- cation with them and furnished them with provisions and supplies. It was at this time that Johnston published the following curi- ous manifeato-which is, so far as the writer knows, the only instance in which an outlaw had the "cheek " to declare war from his place of hiding, against a friendly nation :
"I, William Johnston, a uatural horn citizen of Upper Canada, do hereby declare that I hold a com- mission in the Patriot service as commander-in-chief of the naval forces and flotilla. I commanded the expedition that captured and destroyed the Sir Robert Peel. The men under my command in that expedition were nearly all natural horn English sub- jects. The exceptions were volunteers. My head- quarters are on an island in the St. Lawrence without the line of the jurisdiction of the United States, at a place named by me Fort Wallace, I am well acquainted with the boundary line and know which of the islands do, and which do not belong to the United States. Before I located my headquarters I referred to the decisions of the commissioner made at Utica, under the sixth article of the treaty of Ghent, I know the number of the island and know that by the division of the commissions it is British territory. I yet hold possession of the station and act under orders. The object of my movement is the independence of the Canadas. I am not at war with the commerce or property of the United States.
"Signed this 10th day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight." WILLIAM JOHNSTON.
The effect of this manifesto was quite im- portant, as it was distributed through all the provinces and in all parts of the frontier States. The excitement along the frontiers grew more intense. Sir Allan McNab, the governor-general, fearing for the safety of his life, had resigned, and in returning to Eng- land passed through Watertown disguised as a laborer. He was recognized by Jasan Fair- banks while sitting on a wheelbarrow in front of Gilson's tavern, waiting for the stage for Utica. Being advised by some of the leading men that he need have no fear of danger while travelling through the States, he changed his disguise and assumed his for- mer dignity. Lord Durham succeeded him as governor-general. The secret lodges were now making large additions to their member- ship. It had now become evident that a stand was to be made somewhere for the threatened invasion.
On the 10th of November, two schooners, the " Charlotte," of Oswego, and the "Isa- belle," of Toronto, left Oswago with arms and ammunition and about 300 men for aome Canadian point on the St. Lawrence. The steamer " United States " left Oswego on the following morning for the same destina-
tion, touching at Sackets Harbor and taking on board about 100 men, besides arms and ammunition. The schooners had proceeded as far as Millen's Bay, below Cape Vincent, and the steamer " United States " coming up took them in tow, one on each side. There were now about 500 men on board the boat, all young destined for some point known to but very few, if any, except the officers. They were fully officered, Gen. J. Ward Birge holding the appointment of command- er-in-chief. He was very sanguine, but his subsequent acts made him conspicuous as a coward. These vessels being well supplied with field pieces, small arms, ammunition and provisions, started on the morning of the 17th of November, down the river. When passing Alexandria Bay, Charles Crossmon, one of these "' patriots," then a young man of 20 years' full of patriotic impulses, little thought that one day at this point a beautiful tourist home should bear his name. [See small picture of the wind-mill in article re- lating to Charles Crossmon].
The boats swept down the river until abreast of Prescott. At that point the schooners were detached, and dropped down to Windmill Point, about a mile below the city, where stood an abandoned wind-mill.
In trying to land, the schooners ran aground, one near the point, and the other farther down the river. About 250 men landed from the schooners, and the greater part of the guns and ammunition, together with one twelve pounder and two brass seven pounders were brought down. They then took possession of the windmill, which they held with three other stone buildings. The schooners, after getting afloat with the balance of the men and ammunition, sailed for Ogdensburg. This looked rather dis- couraging to the men in the windmill, to see these schooners leave them with many of their men and nearly all of their provision and ammunition. Colonel Worth and the United States Marshall, Garron, afterwards seized the vessels and all of their cargoes. Prospects began to darken for the Patriots They were deserted by nearly all of their officers. General Birge wilted at the first chance of facing British bullets. It happened that among the Patriot band was a Polish exile, Niles Sobelitcki VanSchoultz, who came from Salina. He was of noble birth, his father being an officer of high rank, and he himself had been an officer in the Polish ser- vice. He had been deluded into the project of freeing Canada from "tyranny and oppres- sion." In the emergency he was now placed in command. It had all along been understood that as soon as a stand was made by any Patriot force, the Canadians would flock to their standard. In this they now found them- selves grossly deceived; not a single man came to their relief. They were looked upon aa brigands and robbers. On the morning of the 18th, three Canadian steamboats, the "Coburg," the "Experiment" and the "Traveler," with about 400 regular troops from Kingston, were seen coming down the
347
THE PATRIOT WAR.
river. They landed at Prescott. It was now evident that some fighting was to be done. VonSchoultz gave great encouragement to his men, advising them to brave the British bullets and stand by each other to the last man. They agreed to follow wherever he should lead.
The British steamers were now patrolling the river, and occasionally firing shots at the wind-mill. One shot was fired at the steamer "United States" while in American waters, passing through her wheel house, killing the man at the wheel. The British troops, under Colonel Dundas, came marching from Pres- cott to annihilate the Patriots. Von Schoultz marched his men out of the building into the field. They formed in line behind a stone fence, which they used as a breast-work. The British commenced firing when about 150 yards away, and continued their firing as they advanced, without doing any injury. The "Patriots" held their fire until the enemy had advanced to within 15 rods, and then they got the order to fire. This broad- side resulted in killing 36 British soldiers, and wounding many others. The British fell back, but the firing continued on both sides. This was followed by the withdrawal of the "Patriots"-some iuto the wind-mill, and others occupying the outhouses, but continu- ing their fire at long range. The cannon shots aimed at the mill glanced off and pro- duced no effect upon the walls. The battle raged 3 hours and 20 minutes, during which time 6 of the Patriots had been killed, and 21 wounded It was estimated that 75 of the British lay dead upon the field, and 150 were wounded. Colonel Dundas now sent a flag of truce, asking a cessation of hostilities for an hour, that he might remove his dead and wounded, which was cheerfully granted by VonSchoultz.
The strife was watched with intense inter- est by a large crowd of people at Ogdensburg, directly opposite. The river now being clear, Hon. Preston King, with a few volunteers, chartered the "Paul Pry " to go over and get the Patriots away from the wind mill. This was done probably by consent of the British forces. The boat went over, but only a few of the men chose to leave. Jonah Woodruff, the artist, afterwards the sleeping- car inventor and proprietor, was one of those who came away on the "Paul Pry." As time was precious, the night dark and the limit of the truce uncertain, the men in the mill irresolute and under poor military subjection, Mr. King and his party were forced to leave with but few, when all could have been saved.
About 10 o'clock on the third day the British regulars, reinforced with about 1,000 militia, came bearing down upon this almost defenseless band in the old mill. They had but little ammunition left, but they resolved to sell their lives as dearly as possible. The troops continued firing their cannon and vol- leys of musket balls, however, without peril- ous effect. At length Von Schoultz ordered a cannon loaded with musket balls, spikes and
pieces of iron placed in the door of the mill, and at an opportune moment it was dis- charged, killing 25 of the British and wound- ing as many more. This threw them into confusion. and they retreated.
At length VonSchoultz saw that his men could not stand another charge, and, with much reluctance, sent out a flag of truce, the bearers of which were immediately taken prisoners. They then displayed a white flag from the top of the mill, but no notice was taken of it. Towards night Colonel Dundas sent out a flag demanding a surrender of the men at his discretion. Von Schoultz offered to surrender as prisoners of war, but Colonel Dundas would grant no conditions. Finally the little band, finding opposition hopeless, gave themselves up without terms into the hands of the British commander.
Thus ended one of the most foolish and ill- conceived expeditions that was ever under- taken. Ninteen of the patriots were killed, 35 were wounded and about 190 were taken prisoners. The latter were placed on board the steamers and taken to Kingston, where they were confined in Fort Henry. It was estimated that about 125 of the British were killed and 200 wounded.
The following volunteers were from Jeffer- sou county, although Onondaga, Cayuga, Oswego and Lewis counties furnished a large number of "Patriot " prisoners: Timothy P. Rawson, George T. Brown, Aaron Dresser, of Theresa; William Reynolds, Orin W. Smith, Andrew Smith, Peter Cranker, Hugh Calhoun, Hiram Wall, of Orleans; Edgar Rogers, Martin Van Slyke, John Bradley, Charles Crossmon, Leonard Delmore, Lorenzo E. Finney, Edward Foster, Daniel D. Heustis, of Watertown; Orison Rogers, Charles Rogers, Hiram Shaw, Abner B. Townsend, Orton Blodgett, John Brewster, Harvey Shaw, Nelson Butterfield, Hiram Coulton, of Phila- delphia; Leonard Root, Hunter V. Vaughn, of Sackets Harbor; Charles Smith, Joseph Thompson, Chauncey Bailey, William Gates, Andrew Leiper, Charles Dory, David Liscom, Sylvester Lawton, Lawrence O. Bailey, Ira Polly, Levi Putman, Jacob Paddock, Ethel Penney, Russel Phelps, of Lyme; John G. Swansburg, William D. Sweet, Silvinius Sweet, George VanAmber, Samuel Austin, John Cronkhite, David Gould, David House, Garrett Hicks, William O'Neil, of Alex- andria; William Stebbins, Duncan Anderson, Jeremiah Vinagar, Charles E Brown, Moses A. Dutcher, Edward Garrison, John Gilman, Justice Merriam, Gains Powers, Lawton S. Peck. Johnson Vancurler, of Brownville; Andrew Morris, of Smithville; Ferris Miller, Sebastian Carpenter, William Denio, Riley Whitney, John Elmore, Selah Evans, P. Car- penter, of LeRay; Oliver A. Hooker, Joel Peeley, of Rutland; Nelson Truax, Foster Martin, of Antwerp; Charles Van Wormer, of Ellisburgh; John Bromley, of Depauville; Elon Fellows, of Dexter; Charles Wilson, of Cape Vincent; Dorephus Abhey, David Heus- tis, Luther Darhy, James Wheelock, Sam Wiley, Thomas Stockton, Martin Woodruff,
348
THE GROWTH OF A CENTURY.
and George Kimball, of Watertown. The prisoners were confined in squads of 15 to 20 in small rooms in the fort, and placed under a strong guard. Their food was of poor quality. Sir George Arthur had decided that they were brigands and must be tried by a court martial, to be composed of seven field officers and seven captains of the line.
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