History of Summit County, with an outline sketch of Ohio, Part 1

Author: Perrin, William Henry, d. 1892?; Graham, A. A. (Albert Adams), 1848-
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Chicago, Baskin & Battey
Number of Pages: 1104

USA > Ohio > Summit County > History of Summit County, with an outline sketch of Ohio > Part 1

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HISTORY

SUMMIT COUNTY,

WITH AN OUTLINE SKETCH OF:

EDITED BY WILLIAM HENRY L PERRIN.

ILLUSTRATED.

UBRARY OF CONGRES CIT OF WASHINGTON

CHICAGO : BASKIN & BATTEY, HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS, 186 DEARBORN STREET. 1881.

age Moyne

PRINTERS 18 &120 MONROE SI

CHICAGO C

165.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS - BINDING RECORD

Call No.

F497.S9P4

Date

10-21-76

Author

PERRIN

Title

HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY, OHIO

Vol.

Copy

No. of vols.

C37-77 200

Date

Block & Item

REBIND

Specs.

24-24

(rev 4/72)

PREFACE.

UR history of Summit County, after : onths of arduous toil, is now completed. Every important field of research has been minutely scanned by those engaged in its preparation; no subject of universal public value has been omitted, save where protracted effort failed to secure trustworthy results. The necessarily limited nature of the work, the impossibility of ingrafting upon its pages, the vast fund of the county's historic information, and the proper omission of many valueless details and events, have compelled the publishers to be brief on all subjects presented. Fully aware of our inabil- ity to furnish a perfect history from meager public documents, inaccurate private corre- spondence and numberless conflicting traditions, we make no pretension of having prepared a work devoid of blemish. Through the courtesy and the generous assistance met with everywhere, we have been enabled to rescue from oblivion the greater portion of important events that have transpired in Summit County in past years. We feel assured that all thoughtful people in the county, at present and in future, will recognize and appreciate the importance of the undertaking, and the great public benefit that has been accomplished.

It will be observed that a dry statement of fact has been avoided; and that the rich romance of border incident has been woven in with statistical details, thus forming an attractive and graphic narrative, and lending beauty to the mechanical execution of the volume, and additional value to it as a work for perusal. We claim superior excellence in our manner of collecting material; in the division of the subject matter into distinct and appropriate chapters; in giving a separate chapter to every town, township and important subject, and in the systematic arrangement of the individual chapters. While we acknowl- edge the existence of unavoidable errors, we claim to have prepared a work fully up to the standard of our promises, and as accurate and comprehensive as could be expected under the circumstances.

MAY, 1881.

THE PUBLISHERS.

CONTENTS.

PART I.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. PAGE.

CHAPTER I .- Introductory-Topography-Geology-Primitive

Races -- AntiquIties-Indian Tribes 11 CHAPTER II .- Explorations in the West. 19

CHAPTER III .- English Explorations-Traders-French and

Indian War in the West-English Possession ... 37 CHAPTER IV .- Pontiac's Conspiracy-Its Failure-Bouquet's

Expedition-Occupation by the English.

CHAPTER V .- American Exploration-Dunmore's War-Cam- paign of George Rogers Clarke-Land Troubles-Spain in the Revolution -- Murder of the Moravian Indians. ....

CHAPTER VI .- American Occupation-Indian Claims-Early Land Companies-Compact of 1787-Organization of the Territory-Early American Settlements in the Ohio Val- ley-First Territorial Officers-Organization of Counties ... 60 CHAPTER VII .- Indian War of 1795-Harmar's Campaign- St. Clair's Campaign-Wayne's Campaign-Close of the War. 73

CHAPTER VIII .- Jay's Treaty-The Question of State Rights and National Supremacy-Extension of Ohio Settlements -Land Claims-Spanish Boundary Question. 79

CHAPTER IX .- First Territorial Representatives in Congress -Division of the Territory-Formation of States-Mari- etta Settlement-Other Settlements-Settlements in the Western Reserve-Settlement of the Central Valleys- Further Settlements in the Reserve and Elsewhere .. 85

CHAPTER X .- Formation of the State Government-Ohio a State-The State Capitals-Legislation-The " Sweeping" Resolutions .121

CHAPTER XI .- The War of 1812-Growth of the State-Canal, Railroads and other Improvements-Development of State Rosources 127

CHAPTER XII .- Mexican War-Continued Growth of the State -War of the Rebellion-Ohio's Part in the Conflict ......... 132 CHAPTER XIII .- Ohio in the Centennial-Address of Edward D. Mansfield, L.L D., Philadelphia, August 9, 1876. 138 CHAPTER XIV .- Education-Early School Laws-Notes-In- stitutions and Educational Journals-School System- School Funds-Colleges and Universities. 148

CHAPTER XV .- Agriculture-Area of the State-Early Agri- culture in the West-Markets-Live Stock-Nurseries, Fruits, etc .- Cereals, Root and Cucurhitaceous Crops- Agricultural Implements-Agricultural Societies-Pomo- logical and Horticultural Societies. 151

CHAPTER XVI .- Climatology-Outline-Variation in Ohio- Estimate in Degrees-Amount of Variability. 163

CHAPTER XVII .- Public Lands-Early Contest on Right of Soil and Jurisdiction-The Western Reserve-Origin and Organization-Social and Material Growth. .165

PART II.

HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY. PAGE

CHAPTER I .- Introductory-Physical Features-Geological Structure-The Different Shales-Coal Measures-Agri- culture and Agricultural Societies-Statistics, etc ........... 181

CHAPTER II .- Prehistoric Races-Traces and Relics of the Mound Builders-The Indian Tribes-Their Occupa- tion of Summit County-Sketches of Them-The Bor- der Wars. 207

CHAPTER III .- Settlement and Organization of the County- Its Civil Divisions-The Early Judiciary-County Build- ings-Their Cost and Character-Officials, etc. 226 CHAPTER IV .- War Record-Our Struggle for Independence -1812-The Mexican War-Our Late Civil War- Sketches of Regiments-Aid Societies-Monuments, etc .. 249 CHAPTER V .- Religious-The Gospel on the Frontier-A Tax for its Support-Educational-School Statistics-The County Press-Railroads, Canals, etc ... 271

CHAPTER VI .- The Professions-Early Lawyers-Summit County Bar-The Lawyers of the Present-Medical- Pioneer Doctors-Early Practice-The Modern Physi -- cians 301

CHAPTER VII .- Portage Township-Descriptive and Topo- graphical-Coming of the Pioneers-Their Primitive Life-Development of Resources-Schools, Churches, etc. 321 CHAPTER VIII .- City of Akron-Original Plat-Its Growth as a Village-An Incorporated City-Municipal Govern- ment-Statistics-Secret and Other Societies. 330 CHAPTER IX .- City of Akron-Its Manufacturing Interests -Their Growth and Development-The Buckeye Reaper -Potteries-Mills-Other Establishments .. 344

CHAPTER X .- City of Akron-Religious History-Early Christianity and Pioneer Preachers-Advancement of the Gospel-Churches of the Present Day-Sabbath Schools, etc. 366

CHAPTER XI .- City of Akron-Formation of the Public Schools-Akron School Law-Present Educational Facili- ties-Sketch of Buchtel College. 381

CHAPTER XII .- Town of Middlebury-Its Settlement-Early Glory and Importance-Water Power-Growth of Manu- facturing Industries-Present Business .. 399 CHAPTER XIII .- Hudson Township-1ts Early History- Topograpy-The Settlement by the Whites-Pioneer In- cidents-Growth and Development of Industries. 409

CHAPTER XIV .- Hudson Township-Early Society-Organiza- tion-The Village of Hudson Laid Out-Its Business and Growth-Religious and Educational. 426 CHAPTER XV .- IIudson Village-Educational Institutions- Location ot College-Questions of Difference-Officers and Faculty-Library, Preparatory School, etc .. 446

Vİ

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XVI .- Cuyahoga Falls-Settlement by Whites- Early History-Grottoes, Caverns and Ravines-Organiza- tion as a Township-Its Officers, etc., etc. 466

CHAPTER XVII .- Cuyahoga Falls-Growth and Prosperity- Manufacturing Interests-Incorporation-Schools and

Teachers-Religious-Sketches of the Churches.

478

CHAPTER XVIII .- Northampton Township-Descriptive- Early History and Settlement-Development of Re- sources-Early Schools-Statistics-Religious-Different Churches 497

CHAPTER XIX .- Stow Township-Description and Topog-

raphy-The Whites-Improvement and Development- Villages-Religious-Educational, etc .. 51I

Northfield Township .. 933 CHAPTER XX .- Coventry Township-Topographical-Boun-

daries-Lakes-The Palefaces-Their Life in the Wilder-

ness-Industries-Schools and Churches. 52I

CHAPTER XXI .- Boston Township-Its Ownership-General Description-Occupancy of the Whites-Unlawful Opera- tions-Towns-Educational, etc .. 532

CHAPTER XXII .- Springfield Township-General Description -Wealth and Resources-Coal Mines-The Palefaces- Pioneer Industries-Schools and Teachers-Religious .... 545

CHAPTER XXIII .- Tallmadge Township-Physical Features -Early History-The Whites-Pioneer Vicissitudes- Growth and Prosperity-Schools, Churches, etc. 552

CHAPTER XXIV .- Northfield Township-Its Physical Geo- graphy-Settlement by the Whites-Growth and Im- provement-Statistical-Religions-Villages .. 567

CHAPTER XXV .- Norton Township-Descriptive and Topo- graphical-White Settlement-Pioncer Industries-Ad- vancement in Civilization-Schools and Teachers- Churches-The Villages, etc .. 578

CHAPTER XXVI .- Green Township-Physical Features- Original Boundaries-Pioneer Occupancy-The Germans -Growth and Development-Villages-Churches and Schools. 593

CHAPTER XXVII .- Richfield Township-General Description -Coming of the Whites-Growth and Prosperity-Pion- neer Industries-Schools and Teachers-Christianity, etc 608

CHAPTER XXVIII .- Bath Township-Boundaries and Topog-

raphy-White Settlement-Wealth and Prosperity- Pioneer Achievements-Churches and Preachers- Schools, etc. 617

CHAPTER XXIX .- Franklin Township-Topographical- Early History-Coming of the Pioneers-Early Improve-

ments and Industries-Villages-Schools, Churches, etc ... 627

CHAPTER XXX .- Copley Township-Descriptive and Topo-

graphical-The White Settlement-Early Industries-

Their Growth and Development-Educational and Re- ligious ... 639

CHAPTER XXXI .- Twinsburg Township-Description and

Early Features-The Coming of the Whites-Pioneer Improvements-Anecdotes-Educational and Religious .... 649

PART III.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

PAGE.

Akron, City of.

66I

Bath Township. 1014

Boston Township. 891

Copley Township.

1026

Coventry Township ...

876

Cuyahoga Falls Township. 841

Franklin Township ....

1026

Green Township.

980

Hudson Township.

823

Northampton Township .. 853

Norton Township

963

Portage Township.

806

Richfield Township.

997

Springfield Township

908

Stow Township.

863

Tallmadge Township.

920

Twinsburg Township.

1039

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PORTRAITS.

PAGE.

Alling, Ethan (Biography on page 1039) 648

Buchtel, John ... 440

Bosworth, Delos (Biography on page 1029). 616 Burgess, Joseph (Biography on page 965). 632

Brewster, Alexander (Biography on page 682). 504

Brown, C. W. (Biography on page 679). 488

Crotzer, William F. (Biography on page 910) 5 68

Cotter, A. L. (Biography on page 687). 520

Conger, A. L. (Biography on page 695) 424

Crouse, G. W. (Biography on page 694). 472

Emmitt, William (Biography on page 699). 544

Hill, John (Biography on page 969). 584

Hine, Daniel (Biography on page 924)

600

Lane, S. A. (Biography on page 728) 228

Miller, George (Biography on page 815) 320

Miller, Lewis (Biography on page 739).

536

Quigley, Martin (Biography on page 760). 408

Sumner, I. (Biography on page 767) 260

Sumner, J. A. (Biography on page 767) .. 456

Sumner, Charles (Biography on page 769)

292

Stone, N. B. (Biography on page 766) 376

Schumacher, Ferd. (Biography on page 77I). 344

Taplin, J. B. ( Biography on page 784) 392

Voris, A. C. (Biography on page 786) ..

360

Wright, Amos (Biography on page 932) ..

552

VIEWS.

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HISTORY OF OHIO. BY A. A. GRAHAM.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTORY -TOPOGRAPHY - GEOLOGY -PRIMITIVE-RACES - ANTIQUITIES -INDIAN TRIBES.

T THE present State of Ohio, comprising an extent of country 210 miles north and south, 220 miles east and west, in length and breadth- 25,576,969 acres-is a part of the Old Northwest Territory. This Territory embraced all of the present States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and so much of Minnesota as lies east of the Mississippi River. It became a corporate existence soon after the formation of the Virginia Colony, and when that colony took on the dignity of State government it became a county thereof, whose exact outline was unknown. The county embraced in its limits more territory than is com- prised in all the New England and Middle States, and was the largest county ever known in the United States. It is watered by the finest system of rivers on the globe; while its inland seas are without a parallel. Its entire southern boundary is traversed by the beautiful Ohio, its western by the majestic Mississippi, and its northern and a part of its eastern are bounded by the fresh-water lakes, whose clear waters preserve an even temper- ature over its entire surface. Into these reservoirs of commerce flow innumerable streams of limpid water, which come from glen and dale, from mountain and valley, from forest and prairie-all avenues of health, commerce and prosperity. Ohio is in the best part of this territory-south of its river are tropical heats; north of Lake Erie are polar snows and a polar climate.

The territory comprised in Ohio has always re- mained the same. Ohio's history differs somewhat from other States, in that it was never under Ter- ritorial government. When it was created, it was made a State, and did not pass through the stage incident to the most of other States, i. e., exist as a Territory before being advanced to the powers of

a State. Such was not the case with the other States of the West; all were Territories, with Terri- torial forms of government, ere they became States.

Ohio's boundaries are, on the north, Lake Erie, and Michigan ; on the west, Indiana; on the south, the Ohio River, separating it from Kentucky; and, on the east, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. It is situated between 38° 25' and 42º north latitude; and 80° 30' and 84° 50' west longitude from Greenwich, or 3º 30' and 7º 50' west from Washington. Its greatest length, from north to south, is 210 miles; the extreme width, from east to west, 220 miles. Were this an exact out- line, the area of the State would be 46,200 square miles, or 29,568,000 acres; as the outlines of the State are, however, rather irregular, the area is estimated at 39,964 square miles, or 25,576,960 acres. In the last census-1870-the total num- ber of acres in Ohio is given as 21,712.420, of which 14,469,132 acres are improved, and 6,883,- 575 acres are woodland. By the last statistical report of the State Auditor, 20,965,3713 acres are reported as taxable lands. This omits many acres untaxable for various reasons, which would make the estimate, 25,576,960, nearly correct.

The face of the country, in Ohio, taken as a whole, presents the appearance of an extensive monotonous plain. It is moderately undulating but not mountainous, and is excavated in places by the streams coursing over its surface, whose waters have forced a way for themselves through cliffs of sandstone rock, leaving abutments of this material in bold outline. There are no mountain ranges, geological uplifts or peaks. A low ridge enters the State, near the northeast corner, and crosses it in a southwesterly direction, emerging near the inter- section of the 40th degree of north latitude with

HISTORY OF OHIO.

the western boundary of the State. This " divide" separates the lake and Ohio River waters, and main- tains an elevation of a little more than thirteen hundred feet above the level of the ocean. The highest part is in Logan County, where the eleva- tion is 1,550 feet.

North of this ridge the surface is generally level, with a gentle inclination toward the lake, the ine- qualities of the surface being caused by the streams which empty into the lake. The central part of Ohio is almost, in general, a level plain, about one thousand feet above the level of the sea, slightly inclining southward. The Southern part of the State is rather hilly, the valleys growing deeper as they incline toward the great valley of the Ohio, which is several hundred feet below the general level of the State. In the southern counties, the surface is generally diversified by the inequalities produced by the excavating power of the Ohio River and its tributaries, exercised through long periods of time. There are a few prairies, or plains, in the central and north western parts of the State, but over its greater portion originally existed im- mense growths of timber.

The " divide," or water-shed, referred to, between the waters of Lake Erie and the Ohio River, is less elevated in Ohio than in New York and Penn- sylvania, though the difference is small. To a per- son passing over the State in a balloon, its surface presents an unvarying plain, while, to one sailing down the Ohio River, it appears mountainous. On this river are bluffs ranging from two hundred and fifty to six hundred feet in height. As one ascends the tributaries of the river, these bluffs diminish in height until they become gentle undu- lations, while toward the sources of the streams, in the central part of the State, the banks often become low and marshy.

The principal rivers are the Ohio, Muskingum, Scioto and Miami, on the southern slope, emptying into the Ohio; on the northern, the Maumee, Sandusky, ITuron and Cuyahoga, emptying into Lake Erie, and, all but the first named, entirely in Ohio.

The Ohio, the chief river of the State, and from which it derives its name, with its tributaries, drains a country whose area is over two hundred thousand square miles in extent, and extending from the water-shed to Alabama. The river was first dis- covered by La Salle in 1669, and was by him nav- igated as far as the Falls, at Louisville, Ky. It is formed by the junction of the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, in Pennsylvania, whose waters

unite at Pittsburgh. The entire length of the river, from its source to its month, is 950 miles, though by a straight line from Pittsburgh to Cairo, it is only 615 miles. Its current is very gentle, hardly three miles per hour, the descent being only five inches per mile. At high stages, the rate of the current increases, and at low stages decreases. Sometimes it is barely two miles per hour. The average range between high and low water mark is fifty feet, although several times the river has risen more than sixty feet above low water mark. At the lowest stage of the river, it is fordable many places between Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. The river abounds in islands, some of which are exceed- ingly fertile, and noted in the history of the West. Others, known as "tow-heads," are simply deposits of sand.

The Scioto is one of the largest inland streams in the State, and is one of the most beautiful riv- ers. It rises in Hardin County, flows southeast- erly to Columbus, where it receives its largest affluent, the Olentangy or Whetstone, after which its direction is southerly until it enters the Ohio at Portsmouth. It flows through one of the rich- est valleys in the State, and has for its compan- ion the Ohio and Erie Canal, for a distance of ninety miles. Its tributaries are, besides the Whet- stone, the Darby, Walnut and Paint Creeks.

The Muskingum River is formed by the junc- tion of the Tuscarawas and Waldhoning Rivers, which rise in the northern part of the State and unite at Coshocton. From the junction, the river flows in a southeastern course about one hundred miles, through a rich and populous valley, to the Ohio, at Marietta, the oldest settlement in the State. At its outlet, the Muskingum is over two hundred yards wide. By improvements, it has been made navigable ninety-five miles above Mari- etta, as far as Dresden, where a side cut, three miles long, unites its waters with those of the Ohio Canal. All along this stream exist, in abundant profusion, the remains of an ancient civiliza- tion, whose history is lost in the twilight of antiq- uity. Extensive mounds, earthworks and various fortifications, are everywhere to be found, inclosing a mute history as silent as the race that dwelt here and left these traces of their evistence. The same may be said of all the other valleys in Ohio.

The Miami River-the scenes of many exploits in pioneer days-rises in Hardin County, near the headwaters of the Scioto, and runs southwesterly, to the Ohio, passing Troy, Dayton and Ilamilton. It is a beautiful and rapid stream, flowing through

HISTORY OF OHIO.

a highly productive and populous valley, in which limestone and hard timber are abundant. Its total length is about one hundred and fifty miles.

The Maumee is the largest river in the northern part of Ohio. It rises in Indiana and flows north- easterly, into Lake Erie. About eighty miles of its course are in Ohio. It is navigable as far as Perrysburg, eighteen miles from its mouth. The other rivers north of the divide are all small, rapid-running streams, affording a large amount of good water-power, much utilized by mills and man- ufactories.

A remarkable feature of the topography of Ohio is its almost total absence of natural lakes or ponds. A few very small ones are found near the water-shed, but all too small to be of any practical value save as watering-places for stock.

Lake Erie, which forms nearly all the northern boundary of the State, is next to the last or lowest of America's "inland seas." It is 290 miles long, and 57 miles wide at its greatest part. There are no islands, except in the shallow water at the west end, and very few bays. The greatest depth of the lake is off Long Point, where the water is 312 feet deep. The shores are principally drift-clay or hard-pan, upon which the waves are continually encroaching. At Cleveland, from the first sur- vey, in 1796, to 1842, the encroachment was 218 feet along the entire city front. The entire coast is low, seldom rising above fifty feet at the water's edge.

Lake Erie, like the others, has a variable sur- face, rising and falling with the seasons, like great rivers, called the " annual fluctuation," and a gen- eral one, embracing a series of years, due to mete- orological causes, known as the "secular fluctua- tion." Its lowest known level was in February, 1819, rising more or less each year, until June, 1838, in the extreme, to six feet eight inches.

Lake Erie has several excellent harbors in Ohio, among which are Cleveland, Toledo, Sandusky, Port Clinton and Ashtabula. Valuable improve- ments have been made in some of these, at the expense of the General Government. In 1818, the first steamboat was launched on the lake. Owing to the Falls of Niagara, it could go no farther east than the outlet of Niagara River. Since then, however, the opening of the Welland Canal, in Canada, allows vessels drawing not more than ten feet of water to pass from one lake to the other, greatly facilitating navigation.

As early as 1836, Dr. S. P. Hildreth, Dr. John Locke, Prof. J. H. Riddle and Mr. I. A. Lapham,

were appointed a committee by the Legislature of Ohio to report the "best method of obtaining a complete geological survey of the State, and an estimate of the probable cost of the same." In the preparation of their report, Dr. Hildreth examined the coal-measures in the southeastern part of the State, Prof. Riddle and Mr. Lapham made exam- inations in the western and northern counties, while Dr. Locke devoted his attention to chemical analyses. These investigations resulted in the presentation of much valuable information con- cerning the mineral resources of the State and in a plan for a geological survey. In accordance with the recommendation of this Committee, the Legislature, in 1837, passed a bill appropriating $12,000 for the prosecution of the work during the next year. The Geological Corps appointed consisted of W. W. Mather, State Geologist, with Dr. Hildreth, Dr. Locke, Prof. J. P. Kirtland, J. W. Foster, Charles Whittlesey and Charles Briggs, Jr., Assistants. The results of the first year's work appeared in 1838, in an octavo volume of 134 pages, with contributions from Mather, Hildreth, Briggs, Kirtland and Whittlesey. In 1838, the Legislature ordered the continuance of the work, and, at the close of the year, a second report, of 286 pages, octavo, was issued, containing contribu- tions from all the members of the survey.

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History of Summit County, with an outline sketch of Ohio, Part 1

Author: Perrin, William Henry, d. 1892?; Graham, A. A. (Albert Adams), 1848- Publication date: 1881 Publisher: Chicago, Baskin & Battey Number of Pages: 1104

Author: Perrin, William Henry, d. 1892?; Graham, A. A. (Albert Adams), 1848-
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Chicago, Baskin & Battey
Number of Pages: 1104