USA > Ohio > Summit County > History of Summit County, with an outline sketch of Ohio > Part 33
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" The fire-clay which underlies Coal No. 3 has already become one of the important ele- ments of wealth to the county. This deposit, in parts of Summit County, is of unusual thickness and purity, making excellent stoneware and fire- brick. It is estimated that there are produced from this stratum of clay in Springfield Town- ship alone, about one and a half' millions of gal- lons of stoneware each year; and a very large amount of the material is transported into other parts of the county and State. It is of interest !
to notice in this connection that this bed of fire- clay is the same with that worked at Atwater, in Portage, and still more extensively in Co- lumbiana County. Over how large an area in Summit County it maintains the dimensions and excellence it exhibits in Springfield, we have, as yet, no means of knowing. At East Liberty it is apparently of good thickness and quality, but in central and southern Stark County-where exposed in the valleys of the Nimishillen and Sandy-it is of less value. The Springfield clay is eminently plastic, and hence better fitted for stoneware than fire-brick, but by mixing it largely with sand, and, still better, with the hard clay of Mineral Point, Mr. J. Parke Alexander, of Akron, has produced fire- brick scarcely inferior in quality to any other made in the State, or even any imported. To get the best results with this clay alone, in mak- ing fire-brick, it should be first ground, made into a paste, and this burned, then again coarsely ground and the fragments cemented with one- sixth to one-tenth of fresh plastered clay, molded and burned again.
" The following analyses will give additional information in regard to the useful minerals of this county. They were made by Dr. Wormley, State Chemist, with the exception of No. 4, which was made by Prof. W. W. Mather :
1. Peat-Coventry Peat Company, Coventry.
Ultimate Composition in Normal State. Per cent.
Carbon
50.56
Hydrogen.
6.43
Nitrogen
1.23
Sulphur
0.33
Oxygen
34.85
Aslı 6.60
100.00
Moisture.
10.40
Consisting of hydrogen.
4.15
Oxygen .. 2. Coal No. 1 -- Johnson's shaft, Franklin Town-
6.35
ship.
3.
Coal No. 1-Franklin Coal Company, Frank-
lin Township. 4. Coal No. 1-D. Upson's mine, Tallmadge Township.
5. Coal No. 3-Greentown, both benches.
No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5.
Specific gravity
1.256
1.271
1.264
Water ..
2.70
3.40 5.067
3.35
Volatile combust. matter ..
37.30
36.10 39.231
38.75
Fixed Carbon.
58.00
58.70 53.404
55.05
Ash.
2.00
1.80 2.298
2.95
100.00 100.00 100.00.100.00
HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.
193
No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 3. No. 4.
Sulphur
0.93
0.799
0.549
1.73
Ash
White.
White.
White.
Coke.
Compact. Compact.
Compact.
6. Iron Ore-H. Roberts, Middlebury.
7. Iron Ore-Over Coal No. 3, Greentown.
No. 6. No. 7.
Specific gravity.
3.333
3.342
Moisture combined.
1.34
2.65
Silicious matter
21.08
12.23
Iron, Carbonate .
58.76
70.68
Iron, Sesquioxide.
4.53
Alumina .
1.00
0.40
Manganese.
0.80
1.65
Lime phosphate
1.81
Lime carbonate
4.25
7.00
Magnesia carbonate
5.33
5.54
Sulphur ..
0.41
0.17
Phosphoric acid
0.01
99.10 100.333
Metallic Iron ..
31.53
34.1
Phosphoric acid .
0.83
0.013
8. Fire Clay-Mogadore.
9. Fire Clay-East Liberty.
No. 8. No. 9.
Water (combined).
5.45
7.00
Silicic acid
70.70 62.00
Alumina ..
21.70 24.80
Iron
traces
Lime.
0.40
1.75
Magnesia
0.37
0.42
Potash and soda.
3.22
98.62
99.39
The foregoing comprises the geology of Sum- mit County, together with its coal deposits and mineral resources. Closely connected with the geology of a country is the science of agri- culture. Indeed, "the geology of a country," it has been truthfully said, "determines the char- acter of the industrial vocation of the inhabit- ants of that country." In accordance with the geological formations, mining, farming, herding flocks, manufacturing, or even fishing, becomes the prominent industry. "From the connection of geology with agriculture, mining and manu- factures, it may be said that in its different branches this science lies at the foundation of our modern civilization, inasmuch as the occu- pations, the wealth and power of communities and nations, in many, we may, perhaps, say in most, instances, depend directly upon the char- acter, structure and resources of that portion of the earth which they inhabit."* From the
wealth, then, of Mother Earth, we draw our sustenance, and when we have run out our span of life, we return to her sheltering bosom.
" Where is the dust that has not been alive? The spade, the plow, disturb our ancestors; From human mold we reap our daily bread."
It is said that the agriculture of the State of Ohio may be regarded, in a general sense, as "being of a mixed character." The same may very truthfully be said of Summit County. Its agricultural resources are not only exten- sive, but the adaptability of the soil in the dif- ferent sections of the county to agriculture, is to be found in but few counties of the State. In the southern part, wheat is the main staple ; in the central and northern portions, grazing, perhaps, predominates, while corn is exten- sively grown. In the last State Agricultural Report, we find, pertaining to Summit County, the following statistics :
Wheat, 25,955 acres, yielding 518,979 bush- els ; rye, 352 acres, yielding 5,150 bushels ; oats, 14,284 acres, yielding 542,382 bushels ; barley, 63 acres, yielding 14,010 bushels ; corn, 15,422 acres, yielding 1,077,945 bushels; tim- othy, 22,788 acres, yielding 31,951 tons of hay ; clover, 4,882 acres, yielding 6,910 tons of hay. While much attention is devoted to stock-rais- ing, the breeding of fine stock is not carried to that extent that it is in many sections of Ohio. More attention is given to cattle and sheep than to other stock, and to the two (cattle and sheep) the former is considered of more value in this community, and the dairy business is one of the largest interests of the agricultural class, not only of Summit County but of the Western Reserve. From the State Report above quoted, we extract the following of this county : "Number of cattle, 24,348, value, $364,184 ; number of pounds of butter, 775,- 915 ; number of pounds of cheese, 1,389,735." The same report has the following in regard to the dairy business of the Reserve : " Already, complaints are made that dairy farming is deteriorating the soil. but this complaint can scarcely be well founded, or, if well founded, must have reference more to the mechanical than the chemical condition of the soil. Soils very similar, geologically considered, have been pastured and tilled in England since the days of the Saxon heptarchy, and no recuperating process practiced until within the past hundred years, and yet these British soils were at no
* State Report.
194
HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.
time barren. There is no distinctive breed of cattle recognized on the Reserve as being pecu- liarly a dairy breed, but those in highest favor are generally a cross breed, such as short-horn or Devon crossed on the 'native.' * * * The factory system of cheese-making was in- troduced some years since, and has proved eminently successful. Having no reliable statis- tics at hand, there is no hazard in stating that there are fully one hundred and fifty factories in active operation at the present time." Our space, however, will not admit of an extended notice in this connection, but the subject will be alluded to again in the several township histories. In addition to the cattle statistics of the county from the same report, we gather the following : Number of horses, 8,552, value, $469,010 ; number of mules, 179, value, $8,750 ; number of hogs, 11,577, value, $32,220 ; num- ber of sleep, 24,965, valne. $58,817 ; number of pounds of wool shorn, 75,168.
Without going further into this branch of the subject, we will now give place to the following interesting sketch of the Agricultural Society of Summit County, prepared especially for this work by S. A. Lane, Esq., and which will be found of value to our readers :
The loss, by fire, of the records pertaining to the Agricultural Society matters of Summit County prior to 1859, made the task of collat- ing the proper materials for the commencement of this chapter somewhat difficult, there being radical differences in the recollections of the several living participants upon whom the writ- er called for information. By a patient search of the files of the Summit County Beacon of those days, though its columns were far less prolific of local news then than now, we have been able to present to the reader a reliable, if not a very attractive, resumé of the matters proper to be here treated of. Though for some years there had been a growing interest in the subject throughout the State, and, under the fostering care and aid given thereto by the Leg- islature of Ohio, a State Agricultural Society, and quite a number of county societies, had been organized previous to that date, the first move looking to the organization of a society in Summit County, was in 1849. From his po- sition as Auditor of the county, N. W. Good- hne, Esq., had abundant opportunity to ascer- tain the views of the people of the county upon the subject, and, believing, after consultation
with Col. Simon Perkins and others, that a fa- vorable and hearty response would be made thereto, on the 31st day of October. 1849, Mr. Goodhue caused to be published in the Beacon the following notice :
AGRICULTURAL MEETING.
I. N. W. Goodhue, Auditor of Summit County, Ohio, hereby give notice that a public meeting will be held at the court house, in Akron, on the 14th day of November next, at 2 o'clock, P. M., for the purpose of perfecting the organization of a County Agricultural Society, the preliminary steps contem- plated in the act of March, 1839, having been al- ready taken.
NATH'L W. GOODIIUE, County Auditor.
Auditor's Office, Summit Co., } Akron, October 31, 1849.
An editorial in the same issue of the Beacon thus calls attention to the above notice :
Attention is called to the notice of the Auditor. in another column, issued in pursuance of law, for an agricultural meeting on the 14th proximo. We rejoice that a move has been made in the matter, by the agriculturists of Summit County. The neigh- boring counties have their agricultural associations in successful operation. They have seen and felt the advantages flowing from them. And while the whole State seems to be awakening to a new inter- est, and searching after an improved agriculture, it would he mortifying to see the experienced and en- terprising farmers of Summit County asleep. Speed the plow ! Let the good work go forward in earn- est !
In the Beacon of November 21, 1849, ap- pears the following official report of the pro- ceedings of this preliminary meeting :
AGRICULTURAL MEETING.
Agreeably to publie notice, previously given, a large number of gentlemen met in the court house in Akron, at 2 o'clock P. M., November 14, 1849, for the purpose of perfecting the organization of a County Agricultural Society. The meeting was called to order by the County Auditor. A tempo- rary organization was had by appointing Capt. Amos Seward, President: HI. G. Weaver, Vice Presi- dent and Nathaniel W. Goodhue, Secretary. After the object of the meeting had been stated, the Chair, on motion, appointed a committee of five to report a constitution and code of by-laws for the government of the society, consisting of Lucins W. Hitchcock and William A. Hanford, of Tallmadge; Talman Beardsley, of Coventry; Sylvester 11. Thompson, of Hudson, and John Hoy, of Franklin. On motion, a committee of one from each township was appointed to procure members to the society as follows: Bath, William Hale; Boston, Hiram V. Bronson: Copley, Jonathan Starr; Coventry, Avery Spicer; Franklin, John Hoy; Green, Alexander Johnston; Hudson, Van R. Humphrey; Northamp-
195
HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.
ton. Reese Jones; Northfield, John C. Wallace; Norton, Henry Van Hyning; Portage, Lucius V. Bierce; Richfield, Isaac T. Welton; Springfield, Henry G. Weaver; Stow, Edwin Wetmore: Tall- madge, Samuel Treat; Twinsburg. Lyman Cham- berlain; Akron, Lucius S. Peck: Middlebury. Na- thaniel W. Goodhue; Cuyahoga Falls, Henry Wet- more; Hudson, Sylvester II. Thompson.
On motion, Lucius V. Bierce and Van R. Hum- phrey, Esqs., were requested to deliver addresses at the next meeting.
On motion, ordered that the proceedings of the meeting be published in the several papers of the county. On motion, adjourned to meet in the court- room on Wednesday, the 28th inst., at 10 o'clock A. M.
AMOS SEWARD, President. II. G. WEAVER, Vice President. N. W. GOODIUE, Secretary.
From a postscript attached to the foregoing report, it is learned, that at this meeting, about seventy names were presented for membership. In the Beacon of December 5, 1849, is found the full report of the second meeting of the embryo society, as follows :
AGRICULTURAL MEETING.
The Summit County Agricultural Society met November 28, at 1 o'clock P. M., pursuant to ad- journment, and was called to order by Capt. Amos Seward, Chairman. In the absence of Henry G. Weaver, Vice President, Milo Stone, Esy., of Tall- madge, was chosen Vice President.
On motion, a committee of one from each town- ship represented, was appointed by the Chair, to recommend officers for the society.
Committee appointed at former meeting, reported a constitution for the society, as follows:
"ARTICLE 1. This society shall be called the Sum- mit County Agricultural Society.
"ART. 2. The officers of this society shall consist of a President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer and five managers, who, together, shall constitute a Board of Directors for the general management of the affairs of the society; they shall be elected an- nually by the members of the society, and hold their offices until their successors are appointed. The President shall preside at all meetings of the society, and of the Board of Directors; sign orders on the Treasurer for awards of premiums and other appropriations of the Board of Directors. The Vice President, in the absence of the President, shall be the presiding officer of the society and Board. The Secretary shall keep an accurate record of the proceedings of the society, and of the Board of Directors; attend to correspondence ordered by the Board, and report annually to the State Board of Agriculture. The Treasurer shall receive the funds of the society, and pay them in accordance with the awards of the committees on premiums, and the votes of the Board of Directors, upon the order of the President, and shall, at the annual meeting, render a full account of his doings. The Board of Directors shall meet at the call of the
President; a majority shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the Board shall have power to transact all business for the society, that shall not conflict with this instrument.
"ART, 3. Members of this society must be res- idents of this county, and pay $1 annually to the Treasurer of the society.
"ART. 4. All competitors for premiums must be members of the society.
"ART. 5. A list of the premiums offered by the so- ciety must be printed in the several newspapers pub- lished in the county, at least one month previous to the day of exhibition.
"ART. 6. All articles offered for premiums must be owned by the persons offering the same, or by members of their families, and products of the soil, or manufactured articles, must be produced or man- ufactured within the county.
"ART. 7. Premiums on grain and grass crops shall not be awarded for less than one acre.
"ART. 8. The awarding committees shall consist of three persons cach, and shall be annually ap- pointed by the Directors of the society.
"ART. 9. The annual exhibition of the society shall be held between the 1st day of September and the 1st day of November in each year, of which no- tice shall be given with the list of premiums offered. "ART. 10. The annual meeting of this society shall be at the court house, on the third Wednesday in November of each year, at 10 o'clock A. M., at which time officers of the society shall be chosen.
"ART. 11. This Constitution may be amended at any regular meeting, by a majority of the votes cast."
L. V. Bierce, Esq., addressed the meeting.
Committee reported officers for the society, which report was accepted, and the persons recommended were unanimously chosen officers of the society, as follows : Simon Perkins, President ; Henry G. Wea- ver. Vice President : William A. Hanford, Secretary ; William H. Dewey, Treasurer ; John Hoy, Sylvester H. Thompson, Avery Spicer, Philo C. Stone and James W. Weld, Managers.
On motion-" Resolved : That the thanks of this society be presented to L. V. Bierce, Esq., for his interesting address, and that he be requested to fur- nish a copy for publication."
Mr. J. Teesdale presented a circular from the State Board of Agriculture, which was referred to the President, Secretary and Capt. Amos Seward for reply. On motion, adjourned.
AMOS SEWARD, President. MILO STONE, Vice President. N. W. GOODHUE, Secretary.
Thus was the "Summit County Agricultural Society " duly and legally organized, and en- titled to draw from the county treasury, yearly, for its support, the sum of $137.50, as provided by law. The various officers, directors and committees, together with the people of the county, generally, both farmers and villagers, from this time on worked heartily and cordially for the success of the society, and for the favorable outcome of its first annual fair. In
196
HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.
the Beacon of August 21, 1850, appears this announcement :
AGRICULTURAL NOTICE.
The Board of Directors for the Summit County Agricultural Society will meet at the office of L. V. Bierce, Esq., on Thursday, the 22d inst., at 1 o'clock P. M., to appoint committees to award premiums at the Annual Fair, to be held at Akron, on the 2d and 3d days of October next. Those who have obtained members will please forward the names and money to the Auditor's office at Akron.
SIMON PERKINS, President. W. A. HANFORD, Secretary.
AKRON, Angust 19, 1850.
In the Beacon of September 11, 1850, ap- pears the premium list, offering premiums rang- ing from $1 to $8 on cattle ; from $3 to $8 on horses ; from $2 to $5 on sheep ; from $2 to $4 on swine; best kept dairy, $10; best butter, $3; best cheese, $3; from $1 to $3 on farm implements ; from 50 cents to $3 on domestic manufactures ; from $2 to $3 on factory flan- nels and cloths ; $1 on grains and seeds ; from $1 to $2 on vegetables and fruits ; from $1 to $5 on field erops. Following, is a list of the awarding committees : Cattle-Milo Stone, of Tallmadge ; Frederick Baldwin, of Hudson ; Marcus Newton, of Richfield. Horses-Thad- deus H. Botsford, of Middlebury ; John Hoy, of Franklin ; Henry Van Hyning, of Norton. Saxony Sheep-John Brown (old " Ossawata- mie" of Harper's Ferry fame), of Portage; Jus- tin P. Goodale, of Middlebury ; Anson A. Brewster, of Hudson. Merino and other Sheep -Isaac T. Welton, of Richfield ; Jacob Allen, of Akron ; Jonathan Starr, of Copley. Swine -Miner Spicer, of Akron ; William Wetmore, of Stow ; Simon P. Starr, of Copley. Dairies -Edgar B. Ellsworth, of Hudson ; John B. Clark, of Hudson ; Ethan Alling, of Twinsburg. Butter and Cheese-Mrs. Dana D. Evans, of Akron ; Mrs. Daniel Hine, of Tallmadge; Mrs. Amos Avery, of Tallmadge ; Mrs. Edwin Wet- more, of Stow. Farm Implements-Samuel Treat, of Tallmadge ; Alexander Johnston, of Green ; Mills Thompson, of Hudson. Domes- tie Manufactures-Mrs. Henry G. Weaver, of Springfield ; Mrs. George Kirkum, of Akron ; Mrs. John Hoy, of Franklin ; Mrs. N. W. Good- hue, of Middlebury. Factory Products-Ros- well Kent, of Middlebury ; Anson A. Brewster. of Hudson ; Orlando Hall, of Akron; Grains and Seeds-Nathaniel Finch, of Akron ; Will- iam Hale, of Bath ; Philo Atwood, of Spring-
field. Vegetables and Fruits-Van R. Hum- phrey, of lIndson ; Lucius S. Peck, of Portage ; Prof. Seymour, of Hudson. Field Crops- Clark Sackett, of Tallmadge ; John Hall, of Springfield; Talmon Beardsley, of Coventry. Non-enumerated Articles-Joseph Hawkins, of Twinsburg ; Peter Voris, of Bath ; Daniel Hine, of Tallmadge. A "plowing match " was also announced for the second day of the fair ; pre- miums, $5 and $3. No trotting nor racing pre- miums were offered.
The Beacon of September 18, 1850, editorially says :
We are gratified to find that much interest is being awakened in the approaching agricultural fair in this county. As there has not been an ex- hibition of that character in the county since its organization, those who have charge of the arrange- ments have not the benefit of that amount of expe- rience they would like in the performance of their duty. Still, they have done and will do what they can. The work of preparation should be entered into in earnest. Hundreds can contribute their mite to the interest of the occasion. Let the exhibition be worthy of the object in view, and let there be a gathering which will render the day a memorable one.
The First Fair, October 2 and 3, 1850 .- Having no grounds nor buildings of its own, by permission of the County Commissioners, the court house and surrounding grounds were made use of by the society in giving its initial exposition. In the Beacon of October 16, 1850, is the official report of President Perkins and Secretary Hanford, together with a full list of the premiums awarded, aggregating about $100 -quite a sum, when it is considered that no entrance fees on articles exhibited were charged, while admission to the fair was also free. "A team of thirty-four yoke of oxen, from Tallmadge, and another of fifteen span of horses, from the same town, attracted consider- able attention," says the report. Gen L. V. Bierce, of Akron, delivered the annual ad- dress.
The Beacon of same date editorially says :
The highest expectations were more than realized. The attendance on both days was very large, several thonsand persons being present, all of whom seemed inspired by the happiest spirit, and abundantly compensated for what of labor and care was inci- dent to the exhibition. * * * The display of stock was unexpectedly good, the arrangements being such as to give a fair opportunity for exhibiting the animals brought in. The specimens of fruit, grain and vegetables were exceedingly fine. * * * A va-
riety of farming implements were exhibited. ** *
0
G
Y
197
. HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.
The court-house was fitted up for the horticultural exhibition and the handiwork of Flora. The high- est praise is due to the ladies for their taste in adorn- ing the room, and the myriad evidences of their skill displayed on every hand. The pyramid of flowers, prepared at Mrs. Dodge's, and the various smaller pyramids and rich bouquets exhibited, were the cen- ter of attraction, exciting universal praise by their gorgeous display of colors. The display of fancy needle-work would have excited admiration any- where. Among other things exhibited in the ladies' department, worthy of note, were a variety of bed- quilts ; a counterpane, richly worked ; worsted work ; a straw-bonnet made from straw raised in this county ; some fancy cotton work, etc., etc. * * * An exhi- bition terminating so propitiously cannot but lead the way to others, and establish permanently a so- ciety whose first fruits are so pleasant to the eye and taste. In the awards of the future the managers of the fair should not be forgotten.
Second Annual Meeting .- The second annual meeting of the society was held at the court house, November 20, 1850. Treasurer Dewey reported : "Total receipts, $327.53 ; total pay- ments to date, $221.86 ; balance in treasury, $105.72-$100 of which is due for premiums." Officers were chosen for the ensuing year, as follows : Simon Perkins, of Portage, President ; Amos Seward, of Tallmadge, Vice President ; Nelson B. Stone, of Akron, Treasurer ; Nathan- iel W. Goodhue, of Middlebury, Secretary ; Henry Van Hyning, of Norton ; Daniel Hine, of Tallmadge ; Milo Stone, of Tallmadge ; James M. Hale, of Akron, and Harvey Baldwin, of Hudson, Managers. On motion, the thanks of the society were presented to Secretary Will- iam A. Hanford, and his assistants, Messrs N. W. Goodhue and C. B. Bernard, for their serv- ices to the society.
Second Annual Fair .- In the Beacon of Sep- tember 10, 1851, appears the notice of Presi- dent Perkins and Secretary Goodhne, annonne- ing the second annual fair of the society, to be held at the court house in Akron, October 16 and 17, with a somewhat enlarged premium list. Committees as follows : Cattle-John Newton, of Richfield ; Perry C. Carothers. of Tallmadge ; Frederick Baldwin, of Hudson. Milch Cows- William H. Dewey, of Akron ; Joseph Haw- kins, of Twinsburg ; Clark Sackett, of Tall- madge. Oxen-Perley Mansur, of Hudson ; Isaac T. Welton, of Richfield ; Ebenezer Par- dee, of Norton. Fat Oxen-Dennis A. Hine. of Middlebury ; David French, of Green ; Henry Van HIvning. of Norton. Best ten yoke oxen in a string. from one township, and best ten span horses-Jedediah D. Commins, of ! field. Vegetables and Fruits-Daniel McNangh-
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