USA > Ohio > Greene County > Biographical and historical record of Greene and Carroll counties, Iowa. Containing portraits of all the presidents of the United States from Washington to Cleveland, with accompanying biographies of each; portraits and biographies of the governors of the state and a concise history of the two counties and their cities and villages > Part 74
USA > Ohio > Carroll County > Biographical and historical record of Greene and Carroll counties, Iowa. Containing portraits of all the presidents of the United States from Washington to Cleveland, with accompanying biographies of each; portraits and biographies of the governors of the state and a concise history of the two counties and their cities and villages > Part 74
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is too wide, and its speed too great to allow getting around it, then at once set a fire to leeward, and when it has burnt a short dis- tanee, put out the fire on the windward side of the place of setting, and pass on to the burnt prairie and follow the fire till far enough from the dry grass to be out of dan- ger. There are places on low, moist prairie bottoms, or sloughs, where the grass and weeds were mueh heavier than on dryer land, and their burning was terrifie and dangerous; but these places could be avoided, as an ap- proaching fire could be seen a long distance, giving time to prepare for its coming. The early settlers will ever have a vivid recollec- tion of the grand illuminations nightly ex- hibited in dry weather, from early fall to late spring, by numberless prairie fircs. The whole horizon would be lighted up around its entire cirenit. A heavy fire, six or seven miles away, would afford sufficient light on a dark night to enable one to read fine print. When a fire had passed through the prairie, leaving the long lines of side fires, like two armies facing each other, the siglit at night was grand; and if one's premises were se- eurely protected, he could enjoy such a fire exhibition hugely, free of eost; but if his property was exposed, his enjoyment of the scene was like a very nervous person's ap- preciation of the grand and majestic roll of thunder-the sublimity of the scene lost in the apprehension of danger.
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661
POLITICAL AND OFFICIAL.
POLITICAL AND OFIFUIGIAL.
T was during the ad- ministration of Presi- dent Pierce that the first settlers moved into what is now Car- roll County, and or- ganized it, with twenty-eight votes. The Democratie party was in control at Washington, and it owned this county, too, what there was of it, for eight or nine years. Party lines were drawn tolerably close from the beginning. The Democratic ma- jority, though small, was reliable, and all the county officers were Democrats. In 1864 the Republicans carried the election, and then for twelve or thirteen years the Republicans had things their own way. The election returns are preserved from 1866 down. In that year the total vote east was 127, and the Republican majority 45. The only Democrat who carried the county that year was William II. Priee, for elerk. In 1867 a full State and local ticket was in the field, and 159 votes were drawn out. The Republican majority for Governor was 67, and most of the county officers ran ahead.
In 1868 the Presidential candidates were
| General U. S. Grant and New York's veteran Governor, Horatio Seymour. More than 250 votes were polled in Carroll County, of which the Republicans were 74 more numerous than the Democratic. Both the total vote and the Republican majority inereased in 1869, owing to immigration. The Democrats did not nominate a full ticket. In 1870 the total vote was 471; Republican majority, 81. Most of the majorities on the eonnty tieket fell below that figure. In 1871 the Repub- licans gained, polling 328 for Governor Car- penter, to 196 for Joseph C. Knapp. The Democrats elected William H. Priee county treasurer by 17 votes, but the other Repub- lican candidates were successful by from 40 to 263 votes.
The year 1872 brought with it another Presidential campaign. Grant was renomi- nated by the Republican party, while a body calling themselves Liberal Republicans placed in the field the veteran journalist and philan- thropist, Horace Greeley. The Democracy made no nomination, but endorsed Greeley. Many were dissatisfied, and of these some remained at home, while others voted for Charles ('Conor. The vote in Carroll County was: Grant. 410; Greeley, 116; O'Conor, 66; Grant's plurality, 294. This was the
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HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY.
most successful year the Republicans have had in Carroll County, their relative strength having steadily diminished, with few varia- tions, ever since. The majority for elerk was 133; for recorder, 174, In 1873 the Repub- lican majority for Governor was 111; for county officers much less, running as low as 21 for auditor. The Anti-Monopoly or "Granger" element was now for two or three years felt in polities, and then the Greenback party came on the field, both these diversions operating to the advantage of the Democrats. In 1874 the Republican majority for Seere- tary of State was but 73; for county officers it was more. In 1875 Governor Kirkwood's majority was only 36 in this county. The Republican county ticket went through by good majorities.
R. B. Hayes (Republican), Samuel J. Til- den (Demoerat) and Peter Cooper (Green- back) were the Presidential candidates in 1876. The Greenback party was never nearly so strong in this county as in most others in Iowa, and in 1876 it had not even a footing here. Hayes' majority over Tilden was but 28, in a total vote of 1,570. On the remainder of the ticket the Republican ma- jority was considerably larger. In 1877, for the first time, the Greenback party took the field in Carroll County, nominating a full ticket. The head of their ticket received 141 votes. The Democratic plurality for Gov- ernor in this county was 111. The honors were evenly divided in local affairs. In 1878 the Democratic majority on State ticket averaged 150, but the Republicans were somewhat ahead on the county officers. The result in 1879 was about the same.
In the year 1880 James A. Garfield, Win- field S. Hancock and James B. Weaver were the standard-bearers of the three parties. The vote in this county was: Garfield, 1,189; Hancock, 1,169; Weaver, 104; Garfield's
plurality, 20. The whole Republican ticket in this county was successful. The following year Governor Sherman received a plurality of 43 in Carroll County, but the Democratie county ticket came out ahead. In 1882 the Democrats carried the county by 283 plural- ity. The Republicans elected their elerk. The next year showed a further gain of 200 or more votes for the Democracy, and the Democratie county tieket received heavy majorities.
At the general election of 1884, which is yet fresh in the memories of all, Grover Cleveland and James G. Blaine represented the two leading parties. In Carroll County Cleveland received the handsome majority of 574, and the county ticket of the Democrats was even more successful. In 1885 the Democrats polled 408, the most votes for Governor, but lost the county offices, except auditor and treasurer, and on the latter of these there was no contest. At the recent election of 1886 the Democratic majority for Secretary of State was 635.
The Prohibition vote has been an insig- nifieant element in Carroll County politics. Elections have been as a rule orderly, and accompanied by little excitement.
The Democratie townships are Sheridan, Kniest, Wheatland, Areadia, Carroll, Grant, Pleasant Valley, Roselle, Washington and Eden. The Republicans can count on Jasper, Glidden, Richland, Warren, Newton and Union.
OFFICIAL REGISTER.
Below are given the names of the ineum- bents of the several county offices with years of serviec.
COUNTY JUDGES.
A. J. Cain, 1855-'56; L. MeCurdy, 1857; Thomas T. Morris, 1857-'59; William Shri-
663
POLITICAL AND OFFICIAL.
ner, 1860; William H. Price, 1861-'67; Thomas Elwood, 1868-'69. Office abolished.
CLERKS OF COURTS.
Levi Thompson, 1855-'56; Robert Haney, 1856; Amos Basom, 1857-'58; Noalı Titus, 1858; John Monroe, 1859-'60; T. B. Al- drich, 1861-'62; William Gilley, 1863-'66; William H. Price, 1867-'68; John K. Deal, 1869-'72; E. M. Betzer, 1873-'74; William Lynch, 1875-'84; James N. Powers. 1885.
TREASURERS AND RECORDERS.
James White, 1855-'56; Amos Basom, 1857; II. L. Youtz, 1857-'59; L. McCurdy, 1860-'61; Crockett Ribble, 1862-'64. Of- fices separated at end of 1864.
TREASURERS.
Crockett Ribble, 1865; L. McCurdy, 1866- '67; William Gilley, 1868-'70; Orlando HI. Manning, 1870; William II. Price, 1870-'73; W. L. Culbertson, 1874-'75; P. M. Guthrie, 1876-'79; William Arts, 1880-'81; W. R. Ruggles, 1882-'85; Peter Berger, 1885.
RECORDERS.
H. L. Youtz, 1865; J. B. Hampton, 1865- 66; Thomas Elwood, 1867-'68; A. Young, 1869-'70; H. E. Russell, 1871-'76; J. L. Messersmith, 1877-'82; John P. Hess, 1883- '86; J. H. Bruning, 1887.
AUDITORS.
William H. Price, 1870-'71; W. L. Cul- bertson, 1872-'73; W. O. Sturgeon, 1874-'75; E. M. Betzer, 1876-'77; H. E. Russell, 1878- 83; F. M. Leibfried, 1884.
SHERIFFS.
J. Y. Anderson, 1855-'57; Parker T. Puntenney, 1858-'59; William Gilley, 1860- 61; George Hunter, 1862-'63; S. A. Davis, 1864-'67; James H. Colelo. 1868-'69; A.
L. Kidder, 1870; George W. Hunter, 1870; P. Il. Hankins, 1870-'71; H. C. Stevens, 1872-'75; Louis Beeller, 1876-'80; John Silbaugh, 1881; R. J. Hamilton, 1882-'85; Sam. Todd, 1886.
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY.
L. McCurdy, 1855-'57. Office abolished. COUNTY ATTORNEY.
J. C. Engelman, 1887.
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.
William H. Price, 1858-'61; L. MeCurdy, 1862-'63; T. B. Aldrich, 1864; William H. Price, 1865; Charles T. Mulloy, 1866-'67; John K. Deal, 1868-'69; M. W. Beach, 1870-'71; I. A. Beers, 1872-'73; W. F. Steigerwalt, 1874-'77; H. W. Bean, 1878- '79; G. W. Wattles, 1880-'81; C. C. Colclo, 1882-'85; H. J. Gable, 1886.
SURVEYORS.
Robert Floyd, 1855 '57; Robert Hill, 1858-'67; J. F. H. Sugg, 1868-'69; William H. H. Bowers, 1870-'71; William S. Win- nett, 1872-"+2: L. C. Bailey, 1874-'75; L. McCurdy, 1876-'77; A. Bruch, 1877-'79; L. C. Bailey, 1880-'81; George R. Bennett, 1882; A. Bruch, 1882-'85; W. F. Steiger- walt, 1886.
CORONERS.
Amos W. Basom, 1864'-65; A. P. Will- son, 1868-'69; D. Wayne, 1870-'77; Peter Smith, 1878-'79; N. D. Thurman, 1880-'81; J. B. Feenstra, 1882-'83; L. S. Stoll, 1884- '85; R. R. Williams, 1886.
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS.
1861 .- Crockett Ribble (chairman) and Jacob Cretsinger.
1862 .- Levi Higgins (chairman) and Jacob Cretsinger.
1863 .- Jacob Cretsinger (chairman), Levi
664
HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY.
Higgins and William Short. Mr. Higgins resigned, and Enos Butriek was appointed to fill his place. William Carter succeeded Mr. Butriek at the September session.
1864 .- Jacob Cretsinger (chairman), Enos Butriek and George Monroe. Jacob Cret- singer resigned during the year, and J. M. Cretsinger was appointed to fill the vacancy.
1865. - John J. MeCollum (chairman), Enos Butrick and George Ribble.
1866. --- John J. MeColhun (chairman), George Ribble and G. H. Shutes.
1867 .- John Monroe (chairman), G. II. Slintes and E. B. Smith.
1868. - John Monroe (chairman), E. B. Smith, C. Lester, John J. Mccollum, Thomas HIirons and George F. Browning. E. B. Smith resigned, and his place was taken in June by Crockett Ribble.
1869 .- John Monroe (chairman), John J. MeCollum, C. Lester, Thomas Hirons, George F. Browning and J. M. Gilbert. Browning's place was taken during the year by Isaac Gee.
1570. John Monroe (ehairman), J. M. Gilbert, R. F. Wood, Robert Diekson, Levi Higgins and Lambert Kniest. John Mon- roe resigned in June, and was succeeded as member by D. C. Hoagland, as chairman by Lambert Kniest.
1871 .- O. J. Soper (chairman), William S. Winnett and Isaac Harris.
1872 .- William S. Winnett (chairman), Isaac Harris and W. II. Drew.
1873 .- O. J. Soper (chairman), Isaac Har- ris, W. H. Drew, Oliver Horton and Daniel Cooper.
1874. - O. J. Soper (chairman), W. H. Drew, Oliver Horton, Daniel Cooper and J. A. Coppedge. George P. Weatherill sue- ceeded Mr. Coppedge, and was afterward elected chairman, vice O. J. Soper.
1875 .- George P. Weatherill (chairman),
O. J. Soper, Oliver Horton, D. J. MeDougall and R. L. Wolfe.
1876. - D. J. MeDougall (chairman), George P. Weatherill, R. L. Wolfe, Daniel Cooper and Peter Berger.
1877 .- R. L. Wolfe (chairman), Daniel Cooper, Peter Berger, W. L. Culbertson and D. J. McDongall.
1878 .- Oliver Horton (chairman), Daniel Cooper, W. L. Culbertson, Peter Berger and P. J. Koenig.
1879 .- W. L. Culbertson (chairman), W. R. Ruggles, Peter Berger, P. J. Koenig and Oliver Horton.
1880 .- P. J. Koenig (chairman), Oliver IIorton, Peter Berger, W. R. Ruggles and W. A. Overmire.
1881 .- W. R. Ruggles (chairman), Peter Berger, W. A. Overmire, James Thompson and George E. Russell.
1882. - James Thompson (chairman), George E. Russell, W. A. Overmire, Thomas Rich and J. Rittenmeier.
1883. - W. A. Overmire (chairman), Thomas Rich, J. Rittenmeier, James E. Thompson and George E. Russell.
1884 .- Thomas Rich (chairman), J. Rit- tenmeier, W. A. Overmire, C. H. Westbrook and J. B. Graham.
1885 .- W. A. Overmire (chairman), C. II. Westbrook, I. B. Graham, J. Rittenmeier and Thomas Rich.
1886 .- C. II. Westbrook (chairman), J. B. Graham, J. Rittenmeier, S. Bowman and V. Roush.
REPRESENTATIVES.
N. G. Wyatt, 1856-'57; Cornelius Beal, 1858-'59; J. W. Denison, 1860-'61; George S. Walton, 1862-'63; Addison Oliver, 1864- '65; Azor R. Mills, 1866-'67; Stephen Till- son, 1868-'69; J. D. Miraele, 1870-'71; Fletcher A. Blake, 1872-'73; James N.
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665
POLITICAL AND OFFICIAL.
Miller, 1874-'75; Orlando H. Manning, 1876-'79; S. T. IFutehinson, 1880-'81; L. F. Danforth, 1882-'83; Michael Miller, 1884- '85; W. L. Culbertson, 1886.
SENATORS.
James D. Test, 1856-'57; W. II. M. Pusey, 1858-'59; John F. Duncombe, 1860-'63; George W. Bassett, 1864-'65; Addison Oliver, 1866-'69; Theodore Hawley, 1870- '71; John J. Russell, 1872-'75; Samuel D. Nichols, 1876-'77; John J. Russell, 1878-'85; John K. Deal. 1886.
CONGRESSMEN.
James Thorington, 1855-'57; Timothy Davis, 1857-'59; William Vandever, 1859- '63; Asahel W. Hubbard, 1863-69; Charles Pomeroy, 1869-'71; Jackson Orr, 1871-'75; Addison Oliver, 1875-'79; C. C. Carpenter, 1879-'83; A. J. Holmes, 1883.
DISTRICTS.
Congressional .- Previous to 1863 Fowa had but two members in Congress. Two districts were formed by drawing an imagin- ary line east and west across the State. Carroll Connty was in the northern, or second, of these districts. From 1863 to 1873 there were six districts, Carroll being in the Sixth. From 1873 to 1883 there were nine, and this county was in the Ninth. There are now eleven, and Carroll County is one of fourteen counties composing the Tenth -Crawford, Carroll, Greene, Boone, Calhoun, Webster, Hamilton, Pocahontas, Humboldt, Palo Alto, Kossuth, Hancock, Emmett and Winnebago.
Judicial. The Sixth District was created in February, 1851, and then included thirty counties. February 9, 1853, the Seventh Distriet was formed by taking nineteen counties, including Carroll, from the Sixth.
March 13, 1857, Bancome (now Lyon), Buena Vista, Carroll, Cherokee, Clay, Crawford, Diekinson, Ida, Monona, O'Brien, Osceola, Plymouth, Sae, Sioux and Woodbury counties were made the Twelfth Distriet. The Con- stitution of 1857 went into effeet January 1, 1858, and under this Adair, Audubon, Car- roll, Dallas, Greene, Guthrie, Madison, War- ren and Polk counties formed the Fifth District. April 18, 1872, the Thirteenth Distriet was formed of the counties of Audubon, Cass, Carroll, Crawford, Fremont, Greene, Mills, Pottawattamie and Shelby. The judges of the distriets including Carroll Connty have been: Samuel H. Riddle, 1853-'57; Marshall F. Moore, 1857; John H. Gray, 1858-'65; Charles C. Nourse, 1865-'66; Hugh W. Maxwell, 1866-'72; J. R. Reed, 1873-'83; C. F. Loofborough, 1883-'86. Under the new law which goes into effect January 1, 1887, J. P. Conner and J. H. Macomber will be judges in this distriet, which is the Sixteenth, and includes six counties-Ida, Sac, Calhoun, Crawford, Car- roll and Greene.
Senatorial .- Previous to 1860 Carroll and twenty-two other counties formed the Twelfth District. For the next six years it was one of twenty-four counties in the Forty-titth, then for two years there were fifteen counties which together were entitled to one Senator. In the session of 1868-'69 twelve counties formed the Forty-sixth Distriet. Then Web- ster, Greene, Carroll, Calhoun, Sac, Hum- boldt, Pocahontas, Buena Vista, Palo Alto, Clay, Emmett and Diekinson counties were made the Forty-seventh Distriet. In 1872- '73 the Forty-ninth District included only the counties of Dallas, Guthrie, Audubon, Carroll and Greene. For the next four years Shelby and Crawford counties took the place of Dallas, and then from 1878 to 1883 Web- ster, Greene, Calhoun and Carroll counties
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HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY.
formed the Forty-eighth District. Beginning with January 1, 1884, Webster was omitted from the district, and at present Sac has taken the place of Calhoun, so that the dis- trict now comprises Greene, Sac and Carroll counties.
Representatire .- In 1856-'57 there were in the Sixteenth Representative District twenty-two counties, Carroll being one. In 1858-'59 the same district was composed of only Boone, Greene, Carroll and Audubon countics. At the next General Assembly Carroll was joined with Crawford, Monona and Greene, as the Forty-fifth District; in 1862-'63 with Sae, Calhoun and Greene, as the Sixtieth; in 1864-'65 with Crawford, Monona and Sac, as the Sixty-second. In the next period of two years Carroll County was put in the Sixty-fourth District with Cal- houn, Greene and Andubon counties. Mo- nona, Crawford and Carroll formed the Sixty-third District in 1868-'69, and in 1870-'71 the Sixty-ninth District was com- posed of the same counties, with the addition of Ida. In 1872-'73 Carroll, Sac, Buena Vista and Cherokee were joined together as the Sixty-eighth. In 1874-'77 Greenc, Car- roll, Calhoun and Sac counties were known as the Forty-second District, and in 1878- '83 the same counties, except Sac, were num-
bered the Seventy-third District. Since 1883 the county has had sufficient population to be entitled to a Representative by itself.
NAMES OF THE TOWNSHIPS.
The occasion of the choice of Jasper and Newton as the names of the first two town- ships is not known. They were so named by Judge Cain, the first county judge. Carroll was named for the county. Union was or- ganized in 1863, during the great civil war, and expressed in its name the loyal sentiment of the citizens. Glidden was named for the town, and the latter was nanicd by the rail- road company. Sheridan was named in honor of General Philip II. Sheridan, who many years ago was accustomed to visit these prai- ries, with some chosen companions, and hunt prairie chickens. Grant was named for Gen- eral and President Grant; Washington, of course, for the first President, and Warren for General Joseph Warren, of Revolutionary times. Wheatland, Richland, Pleasant Val- ley and Eden arc names of obvious signifi- cance. Roselle is a German name. Arcadia was a province or State in ancient Greece, and is frequently used in the sense of a free and wooded country. Kniest is so called in honor of Lambert Kniest, who was a super- visor when the township was formed.
667
THE CIVIL WAR.
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THE CIVIL WAR.
HIE people of the North- ern States have just reason to be proud of the glorious record they made during the dark and bloody days when crimson-handed rebellion threatened the life of the nation. When war was forced upon the country by rebels in arms against the Government, the people were quietly pursning the even tenor of their ways, doing whatever their hands found to do -- working the mines, making farms or eultivating those already made, erecting homes, building shops, founding eities and towns, building mills and factories-in short, the country was alive with industry and hopes for the future. The people were just recovering from the depression and losses ineident to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright and promising, and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the free States were buoyant with hope, looking for- ward to the perfecting of new plans for the ensurement of comfort and competence in
their declining years; they little heeded the mutterings and threatenings of treason's children, in the slave States of the South. True sons and descendants of the heroes of the "times that tried men's souls " -- the struggle for American independence -- they never dreamed that there was even one so base as to dare attempt the destruction of the Union of their fathers-a Government bap- tized with the best blood the world ever knew. While immediately surrounded with peace and tranquility, they paid but little attention to the rumored plots and plans of those who lived and grew rich from the sweat and toil, blood and flesh of others-aye, even traffieked in the offspring of their own loins. Nevertheless, the war came, with all its attendant horrors.
April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charles- ton, South Carolina, Major Anderson, U. S. A., Commandant, was fired upon by rebels in arms. Although basest treason, this first act in the bloody reality that followed was looked upon as a mere bravado of a few hot- heads-the aet of a few fire-eaters whose sec- tional bias and freedom and hatred was erazed by the excessive indulgence in intoxi- eating potations. When, a day later, the
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HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY.
news was borne along the telegraph wires that Major Anderson had been forced to surrender to what had first been regarded as a drunken mob, the patriotic people of the North were startled from their dreams of the future, from undertakings half completed, and made to realize that behind that mob there was a dark, deep and well-organized purpose to destroy the Government, rend the Union in twain, and out of its ruins erect a slave oligarchy, wherein no one would dare question their right to hold in bondage the sons and daughters of men whose skins were black, or who, perchance. through practices of lustful natures, were half or quarter re- moved from the color that God, for his own purposes, had given them. But they " reck- oned without their host." Their dreams of the future, their plans for the establishment of an independent confederacy, were doomed from their inception to sad and bitter disap- pointment.
Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln, America's martyr President, who, but a few short weeks before, had taken the oath of office as the nation's Chief Executive, issued a proclamation call- ing for 75,000 volunteers for three months. The last word had scarcely been taken from the electric wires before the call was filled. Men and money were counted out by hun- dreds and thousands. The people who loved their whole Government could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, the college, the school-house, every calling offered its best men, their lives, and fortune, in defense of the Government's honor and unity. Party lines were for the time ignored. Bitter words, spoken in mo- ments of political heat, were forgotten and forgiven, and, joining hands in a common
cause, they repeated the oath of America's soldier-statesman: " By the great Eternal, the Union must and shall be preserved!"
Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the free States to crush out and subdue the mon- strous war traitors had inaugurated. But to every call for either men or money, there was a willing and ready response. And it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered themselves as sacrifices on their country's altar. Such were the im- pulses, motives and actions of the patriotie men of the North, among whom the sons of Carroll County made a conspicuous and praise- worthy record. Of the offerings made by these people during the great and final struggle between freedom and slavery it is the purpose now to write.
April 14, A. D. 1861, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, issued the following:
PROCLAMATION.
" WHEREAS, The laws of the United States have been and now are violently opposed in several States, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary way; I therefore call for the militia of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of 75,000, to suppress said combinations and execute the laws. I appeal to all loyal citi- zens to facilitate and aid in this effort to maintain the laws and the integrity of the per- petuity of the popular Government, and redress wrongs long enough endured. The first service assigned to the forces, probably, will be to repossess the forts, places and
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669
THE CIVIL WAR.
property which have been seized from the Union. Let the utmost care be taken, con- sistent with the object, to avoid devastation, destruction, interference with the property of peaceful citizens in any part of the country ; and I hereby command persons composing the aforesaid combination to disperse within twenty days from date.
" I hereby convene both Houses of Con- gress for the 4th day of July next, to deter- mine upon measures for public safety which the interest of the subject demands.
" ABRAHAM LINCOLN,
" President of the United States.
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