USA > Ohio > Jefferson County > Steubenville > Century History of Steubenville and Jefferson County, Ohio and Representative Citizens, 20th > Part 36
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Roby No. 2, drifts Nos. 3, 4 and 5-10- cated at Ramsey, transportation W. & L. E. Railroad. Operated by the Roby Coal Con- pany, Cleveland. William Moke, Adena, superintendent; George Chamberlain, assistant superintendent ; William Wal- dron and Louis Murdock in charge of drifts. Coal, No. 8 seam, 5 feet thick ; fan ventilation, machine mining, mule and motor hanlage. The three mines employ about 280 miners and 65 day men. Coal all goes over one tipple, the equipment being extensive and first class throughout.
The smaller coal mines, of which report is made and not previously noted, are the following, all pick mines and drift opening:
Roger, at Calumet : W. B. Robb, superin- tendent ; furnace ventilation; Roger seam. Employs 11 men. Ohio Valley, Toronto: Oliver Connor, superintendent; natural ventilation; Roger seam; 11 men. Forest City, Toronto: W. B. Franey, superintend. ent ; fan ventilation ; Roger seam; 20 men. Great Western, Toronto; R. M. Franey. superintendent : furnace ventilation ; Roger seam; 5 men. Calumet at Elliottsville: Frank Hartford, superintendent: Roger seam; 11 men. These mines are all owned by the American Sewer Pipe Company. Ohio River Sewer Pipe, at Empire; Il. E. Stratton, superintendent ; natural ventila. tion; Roger seam: 13 men. Stratton Fire Clay, Empire; H. S. Stratton, superintend- ent; furnace ventilation; Roger seam: 14 men. J. Hl. Smith; natural ventilation: Roger; 4 men. Kanl-Oberkirch, Toronto: George Myers, superintendent; natural ventilation; Roger ; S men. Ikis, at Adena : wagon transportation ; natural ventilation : No. S seam, 5 feet thick; mule hanlage: double entry system. Casner, Adena : nat- nral ventilation; No. 8, 5 feet ; mule haul- age; double entry. Hamilton, Adena; nat- ural ventilation; No. S; ox hanlage; 5 miners and 1 day man.
Dunglen, Nos. 1 and 3, at Dunglen, on the W. & L. E. R. R. Operated by the Morris- Poston Coal Company, Cleveland. Frank Rogers, superintendent and mine boss. Drift openings to No. 8 seam 5 feet thick; machine mining, fan ventilation, motor haulage and about 134 miners and 34 day men employed in the two mines, which are Through the courtesy of the State Min- connected. Dunglen No. 2, coal hanled to irg Department. we are able to give the
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total output of the state by counties for 1908. While the aggregate was somewhat smaller than in 1907, yet Jefferson County maintains her relative position. Following are the figures :
TOTAL TONNAGE FOR THE YEAR 1908.
Counties.
Tons Mined.
Athens
4,170,995
Belmont
5,591,719
Carroll
439,080
Columbiana
516,780
Coshocton
366,805
Gallia
13,692
Guernsey
2,926,448
Harrison
447,805
Hocking
1,282,617
Holmes
15,769
Jackson
836,997
Jefferson
3,565,008
Lawrence
180,265
Mahoning
86,326
Medina
18,103
Meigs
482,630
Morgan
217,036
Muskingum
436,947
Noblo
208,192
Perry
2.109,050
Portage
89,643
Seioto
8,460
Stark
524,052
Summit
103,299
Trumbull
7,534
Tuscara was
1,331,248
Vinton
183,542
Washington
1,304
Wayne
125,525
Total
26,287,800
FIRE CLAYS.
While the fire clays of Jefferson County do not figure in the statistics quite as heav- ily as coal, yet as a factor in building up local industries they are a close second. The county produces one-eighth of all the coal mined in the state and over one-fifth of all the fire clay. In 1906 the county's output was 477.862 tons, out of an aggre- gate of 2.126,179 in the state. There was a slight falling off in 1907, being 450,111 tons out of 2,177,174. The number of men employed was 221 out of 1,443 in the state. over one-seventh of the whole. The coun- ties next after Jefferson in clay production are: Tuscarawas, 327.942 tons; Summit, 285,277; Stark, 248,783. It is of interest to note that the entire production in the state
for 1884 was 168,208, of which Jefferson County contributed 21,300, or a little over one-eighth, so that the local increase has been relative as well as absolute. Fire clay is found all over the county in connection with the coal veins, but the greatest devel- opment has been along the Ohio River, be- ginning about five miles above Steubenville and extending to the northern limits of the county, both sides of the river having al- most a continuous line of mines and works turning out fire brick, tiling, sewer pipe and all forms of terra cotta work, as well as shipping the clay in its raw state. To- ronto is the center of this industry, and it is said that at one time at least there was a greater number of steam whistles within hearing of a single point than at any other section of the country.
An impetus was given to this industry about twenty-five years ago by the discov- ery that this clay was particularly adapted to the manufacture of vitrified street pav- ing brick. which has been largely used in Steubenville and elsewhere. The first brick street pavement was laid in Steubenville in 1884, and is now being relaid, not beeanse the bricks are worn out, but because the street has been torn np so frequently for different purposes that it has become too rough for travel, where portions of the pavement have been left nndisturbed they appear as though they were good for an- other quarter of a century. Steubenville now has upwards of twenty miles of paved streets, all of fire bricks, which have demo strated their, superiority for this purpose. Most of the bricks used are 812x4x212 inches, thoroughly vitrified, and laid on a sand and gravel bed; boards, which are used as a foundation in some cities, not being necessary here. The crown is about six inches for a forty-foot road, the bricks being placed on edge and after rolling given a temporary covering of sand, and in some cities a coating of tar. The cheap- ness of this kind of paving, and the facility with which it can be removed for sewers. water mains and repairs cannot fail to make it still more popular in the future. As
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
indicated elsewhere, experiments have dem- onstrated that in the long run it is more economical than macadam for country roads, as well as cleaner and better in other respects. These bricks, when thoroughly burned, have a greater resisting power than granite, according to tests at Pitts- burgh, where No. 1 spalled at 32,200 pounds, not crushed; No. 2 cracked at 36,700 pounds, spalled at 42,200; No. 3 spalled at 27,400, not crushed; No. 4 spalled at 32,600 pounds, not crushed; No. 5 spaHled at 44,200 pounds, not crushed. On the other hand, a public granite test nt Cincinnati gave the following: Virginia granite, No. 1 cracked and crushed at 30,200; No. 2 spalled at 22,000, crushed at 30,100; No. 3 cracked at 28,600, crushed at 45,280. New Hampshire granite, No. 1 spulled at 13,850, crushed at 21,900; No. 2 cracked at 18,290, crushed at 19,530; No. 3 cracked and crushed at 20,130. Maine granite, No. 1 cracked at 16,880, crushed at 20,000; No. 2 cracked at 17,130, crushed at 19,140. Georgin granite, No. 1 crneked at 18,590, crushed at 20,200; No. 2 spalled and cracked at 14,870, crushed at 18,320; No. 3 spalled at 17,370, crushed at 19,520; No. 4 cracked at 16,320, crushed at 17,500; No. 5 spalled at 15,700, cracked and crushed at 20,080. A two-inch square cube of well seasoned oak erneked nt 10,900 and crushed at 12,540 pounds. The percentage of iron in Jefferson County bricks has a great deal to do with their hardness and durability, qualities that are lacking in fire bricks made elsewhere. The following analyses show the composition of the different Jef. ferson county clays:
Beginning at Hammondsville, in the northern end of the county, there are sev- eral veins of fire clay four feet thick, und at the month of the Yellow Creek are three veins, two of four and one of five feet. Coming two miles down to Port Homer, and at Empire, twelve miles above Steu- benville, we find the principal vein under No. 3 coal eight to nine feet thick. At Calumet and Freeman's it varies from seven to eleven feet, and at Toronto it renches thirteen feet. The advantages of such a seam, with coal above and below, ure apparent. It varies from there to Steu- henville and below. A shale is also found in this section which makes a superior quality of building brick. The clay indus- try will be further noticed in the chapter on manufactures. Following are the mines reported :
American Sewer Pipe No. 8-W. B. Robb, Calumet, Ohio, superintendent. Six- teen men employed. Drift opening; fur- unce ventilation. Minor Fire Clay-Em- pire. E. S. Minor, superintendent. Drift opening; natural ventilation; ten men. American Sewer Pipe No. 7-Frank Hart- ford. Empire, superintendent. Shaft open- ing. Suspended all year. Natural ventila- tion. Standard Fire Brick, Congo Mine- Alexander Hayes, Empire, Ohio, superin- tendent. Thirty-one men. Natural venti. lation. Ohio River Sewer Pipe-H. E. Stratton, Empire, superintendent. Shaft opening; natural ventilation. Seven men. Stratton Fire Clay-H. S. Stratton, Em- pire, superintendent. Shaft opening. Eleven men. Natural ventilation. Great Northern Sewer Pipe Company-H. S.
Silicia
Mag. Fixed
LOCATION-
Water.
Arı.
Iron.
Aluminn.
Lime.
nesia. Alkalis.
Mel'adden's Drift under Coal No. 3, Toronto .. ..
5.30
2.29
19.3%
.15
.34
9.90
McFadden & Carlisle under Coal No. 3.
9.35
37.25
1.94
24,66
.15
9.55
I'nder Coal No. 3, Elliottsville. .
4.10
71.65
3,32
12.74
.55
.45
1.30
I'nder Coal No. 3. Elliott sville,
59.20
28.10
1.05
1,53
Silica Clay. Elliottsville ..
5.40
66.75
19.35
,65
1.000
0.05
Clay No. 13, Ellinttsville,
12.70
14.75
6,30
16.62
11.05
3.17
Bottom under Coal No. 3. Toronto.
6.40
62.90
Trace
.53
3.50
Top under Conl No. 3, Toronto.
56.000
Trarr
29.IM
47
3.67
I'nder Coal No. 3, Empire.
1.50
65.10
2.00
24.20
.40
2.30
Between Coals Nes, 6 and 7. Elliottaville.
63.80
.36
.60
I'nder Coal No. 3, Croxton's Run ....
54.10
1.20
.40
51
1.75
Norr. Here as elsewhere through this work Sloan's and Toronto indicate the same place, Eliloitsrifle and +'alonwl.
.40
Shaughnl and Empire, and Ingrouge and Brillant. the Turmer beliss Thr old pnDr .
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Stratton, Empire, superintendent. Shaft opening; natural ventilation. Employs eleven men. Kaul-Oberkirch - George Myers, Toronto, superintendent. Slope opening. Employs eleven men. Natural ventilation. Ohio Valley-Oliver Connor, Toronto, Ohio, superintendent. Shaft open- ing. Thirteen men. Natural ventilation. Owned by American Sewer Pipe Company. Forest City-Owned by American Sewer Pipe Company. W. B. Franey, superin- tendent. Sixteen men. Slope opening. Fan ventilation. Great Western-Owned by American Sewer Pipe Company. W. B. Francy, superintendent. Shaft opening. Fan ventilation. Twelve men. Little Giant-Owned by Toronto Fire Clay Com- pany, Toronto, Ohio. Henry Nicholson, superintendent. Twenty-five men. Fan ventilation. Calumet-Owned by American Sewer Pipe Company. Frank Hartford, superintendent. Slope opening. Eleven men. Furnace ventilation. East Ohio-At Irondale, operated by the East Ohio Sewer Pipe Company. W. E. Williams, superin- tendent and mine boss. Shaft, sixty-seven feet deep to No. 1 seam of clay, seventeen feet thick. Fan ventilation, mule haulage, and employs ten miners and three day men. This mine has an excellent top, is very dry, the clay very hard, and is generally found in excellent condition. Standard-At Iron- dale. Operated by the Standard Fire Brick Company. L. MeDanlis, superintendent ; Matthew Henry, mine boss. O. Drift to No. 3 seam nine feet thick. Mule haulage. Em- ploys five miners and two day men. Mc- Lain & Dando-One mile east of Irondale. Operated by the Irondale Brick Company. Fred Dando, superintendent; Edward Grimes, mine boss. Slope opening to No. 3 seam ten feet thick.
A recent boring at Irondale indicates a clay vein sixty feet thick.
NATURAL GAS AND OIL.
As late as 1889 the present writer, in giving a resume of the gas and oil condi- tions, remarked that "While Jefferson
County has figured as a shipper of petro- leum, yet it cannot be said to be a pro- ducer." The prediction was hazarded, however, that the situation might be changed by the time those words were in print, which has been more than verified. It is necessary, however, to go back as far as 1864 to note the beginning of the efforts to find oil in Jefferson County, gas at that time not being considered as valuable com- mercially, although it had been used in some sections. The oil excitement which had prevailed in northwestern Pennsylva- nia had reached Smith's Ferry and Little Beaver Valley, where there were Steuben- ville investors, not to their profit, but the reverse. Shortly after a test well was sunk to a depth of 1,200 feet on the Farmer place below Mingo, and one or two others in the county with no tangible results, and all further efforts in this direction were abandoned for twenty years. In the mean- time some parties drilling for oil on the West Virginia side of the river twelve miles above Steubenville, struck a strong flow of gas which was ignited and for months furnished a beacon along the river by night and an object lesson of how natural resources could be wasted. Soon after a tremendous flow of gas was struck near Hickory, Pa., which was also ignited and burned cubic feet by the million. Finally somebody conceived the idea of using the first named well in the manufac- ture of lamp black, and the gas was con- ducted to a building where innumerable jets were placed against soapstone plates, producing pure carbon. This establish- ment burned down and the owners of the well sold its product to brick manufactur- ers in New Cumberland, who by this time began to appreciate the advantages of this kind of fuel. The conclusion was that if natural gas existed in paying quantities on one side of the river there was no rea- son why it should not do so on the other, and several wells were sunk in and around Steubenville. Some of them furnished a light gas supply for awhile, but they had no staying qualities and soon gave ont.
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
More or less gas was generated in the coal mines, which was used for a limited extent for lighting, but there was not sufficient to make it commercially valuable. Two wells were sunk by the Jefferson Iron Works at the lower end of Steubenville, the first in September, 1884, and the other a few months later, both of which strnek a fair gas vein at 1,250 feet, but they were ex- hausted within a year, and although the first one was afterwards drilled to a depth of 2,500 feet no more gas was found. In 1885 a well was sunk on the Stokely pince by J. J. Gill a short distance above, striking a light flow, hut with good staying quality. It was used in the "glory holes" of the Beatty glass house nearby until that con- cern went out of business, when it was turned into "The Grove" residence. which it supplied until the erection of the Pope tin mill in 1902, when it was abandoned. Some wells were sunk in the north end of the city and also on Wills Creek withont result, and the conclusion was reached that if natural gas was wanted .here it must be brought in from the outside. At this time (1886) some Philadelphia capitalists organ- ized a corporation under the title of Royal Gas Company for the purpose of supplying Steubenville and vicinity with natural gas. A large field was seenred in the Hickory district, nineteen miles from the city, and they proceeded to sink nine wells with ex- cellent results. Two eight-inch mains, with a ten-inch part of the way, were laid to the city, piping under the river. At that time the pressure at the wells was 420 to 500 pounds to the square inch, giving a pres- sure in the pipes of 250 pounds. The mann- facturing district of the city was encircled by a high-pressure main carrying 75 to 125 pounds, from which spread a network of smaller mains with a pressure of but a few ounees for domestic consmuption. It sup- plied 10,800,000 enbie feet of gas every twenty-four hours, displacing over 600 tons of coal. The system was afterwards ex- tended to Mingo, where a light gasser had been drilled, and also to Wellsburg and Brilliant. At the latter place the Spaniding
Iron Works drilled in a well in May, 1883, which showed a good pressure, but it was rendered useless by salt water. A paying well has been recently sunk below that point. Toronto and Empire were supplied with gas by the Ohio Valley and Bridge- water Companies, but the Royal Gas Com- pany took their place, and having since re- organized under the name of Tri-State Gas Company, has greatly extended its field both of production and consumption.
A new era was now at hand. Jefferson County, which had long been a consumer and had tried to become a producer of oil and gas, was now to take the latter posi- tion. In 1889 Josiah C. Ault and Benjamin N. Linduff, having seenred a lease on the James Blackburn farm in Island Creek Township, sunk a well a short distance below the Knoxville bridge on the creek and reached the Berea grit, which is the oil producing "sand" of this section, at a depth of about 1,000 feet, when a 30-barrel well was secured. This was the pioneer well of the county to get a pipe connection. Lands of the Morrow heirs, John Smith, Frank Brady, Ault, Kellermeier, William- son, Chas. Shane, Morrison, Winters and Squire Morrow were seenred, and up to Angust. 1901. forty-five wells had been sunk, of which seven were dry, the others ranging from five to fifty barrels, the greater number being eight to ten barrels. The highest production was about 500 bar- rels per day, and the salt water mixed with oil in the Berea has given the field good staying quality, and it is still putting out about 100 barrels per day. The original well was named the "Old Maid." This field lies in Sections 5, 11, 16, 17 and 22 of Island Creek Township and is abont three miles in length with a maximum width of less than one-fourth of a mile. MeKeown well No. 2 on the Morrow farm is probably the deep- est of the lot, being 1,241 feet. What is known as the "salt sand" was struck at 570 feet, and $67 was base of "Big Injun."
During the years 1591-2 The Toronto Oil and Gas Company drilled twelve wells back of that village in the northeast corner of
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Island Creek Township, mostly in Section tragic feature in the life of this field was the explosion of a quantity of nitro- glycerine in a hillside cabin. It was sup- posed to have been started by the two men in charge creating a jar in opening the door. The force was such as to shake build- ings in Steubenville four miles distant iu an air line. Not a trace of the building or contents remained, and only a few frag- ments of the men, if we except fine shreds of flesh which clung to the trees nearby. The Berea here is found at 1,200 feet and has an average thickness of about thirty- three feet. In the southeastern corner of the township, Section 25, a dry hole was 36. Of these three were failures, but six were gas producers. The closed pressure was originally 325 pounds to the square inch. There being no salt water, the wells did not require packing. The Tri-State Gas Company purchased the wells and piped the gas to Toronto. Other holes were drilled in the township about this time, a dry hole ou the Robertson farm in the east- ern half of Section 7, one on the Dobbs form in Section 33, one on the Walker farm uear the west line of Section 10, one on the Finley firm and one on the Powell farm in Section 34, two dry and a small producer in the northeast quarter of Sec- . sunk, and also in Sections 7, 13, 14 and 19. tion 5, two dry in the southwest corner of Section 12.
In 1895 George Given, a well-known operator, leased the Featner, MeCook, Brew, Gould and Lewis farms in Sections 2, 3, 8 and 9 of Cross Creek Township, near Gonld's Station on the P. C. C. & St. L. Ry., and drilled his first well on the Featner place. It started off at 125 barrels per day, and created quite a sensation, as it was the largest well in the county up to that time. It declined rapidly, however, and was aban- doned within a year. The second well started at only 10 barrels per day, but it was a stayer. Work of development went on rapidly and by 1898 sixty wells had been drilled, those on the Brew farm being the best producers. Several gas wells were drilled on the western edge of the field, fur- nishing a good supply of fuel. Generally the gas produced by the wells was small, so they had to be pumped from the start. The production at one time reached 1,200 bar- rels per day, but by August, 1901, at least twenty-five of the sixty producers had been abandoned, and the production dropped to 200 barrels per week, and has remmined at about that figure. The oil has a bright red color, and commands the Pennsylvania price, as it does generally in this region. The wells were shot at first with thirty to 200 quarts of nitroglycerine, and many were shot a second time, this charge as a rule being smaller than the first one. A
In 1896 J. J. Crawford, having leased some tracts in Sections 14, 15, 20 and 21, including altogether about half of one square mile lying on the east and west sides of the village of Knoxville, drilled in a well which started at only two barrels per day. The next one, however, came up to twenty- seven barrels, but the fifteen following wells were light or dry, so that the aggre- gate did not exceed 100 barrels per day. A few years later a company composed of D. J. Sinclair, William Freudenberger and others purchased this property and extended it fifty acres southeast on the Cooper farm. They put down a number of wells and brought the daily production up to 500 or 600 barrels. The wells are all light producers, and there being no salt water to give them staying qualities the present output is small. In 1901 four wells were drilled east of town, which gave a pressure of 325 pounds to the square inch, which were sold to the Tri-State Gns Com- pany. The oil wells are west of town on the west slope of an antielinal, and the gas wells on the summit. The grit here is fifty feet thick.
The Jennings Oil Company about 1902 opened up a pool at Sugar Grove, between Empire and Knoxville, in which were a immber of good wells turning out 100 bar- rels or more per day. It still has abont twenty-five prodneing wells. Other parts of Knox Township have been quite thoroughly
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.
tested, with a dry hole on the river bank in the northeast corner of the township, three gas wells near Empire, dry hole on the Sapp farm in the southwest corner of Section 33, small gas well on the river bank near Calumet, dry hole in the village of Toronto, small gas well on the Gaston farm in the southeast corner of Section 31, dry hole on Wasson farm in southwest corner of Section 1, dry hole on Suyder farm in southeast corner of Section 2, dry hole on Fitzpatrick's farm in northeast corner of Section 3, two dry holes on Taggart farm in the northeast corner of Section 4, two dries on western half of Section 10, one ou the MeGhie and others on the Runyon farm, two oils and three dries in the northeast corner of Section 16, dry on Cooper farin in the northeast corner of Section 15, two dries on the southern half of Section 14, one on Mills and one on Andrews farm, one oil and three dries in the northwest quarter of Section 13, dry on the Swickard farm in the southwest corner of Section 20. Since then the Swickard Oil Company, com- posed of Joseph M. C. Feely, H. G. Sim- mons and others, has developed a small field here by drilling ten wells, about half of which are dry. The production reached fifty barrels per day, and is now ahont thirty barrels.
During the winter of 1899-1900 a well was drilled at Port Homer in the southeast corner of Saline Township, reaching the Berea grit, it is said, at a depth of 715 feet, which produced a couple of barrels per day. In the spring of 1900 a second well was sunk, which started at 100 barrels per day. but rapidly declined. the oil being light and not a good stayer. This field included parts of Sections 5 and 6, and in it were drilled about twenty wells, most of which were dry. The Berea along the river front here was reported at a depth of 600 to 620 feet, and 598 feet on the opposite side. If this is correct, and we confess to some skepticism, it is only half the depth given elsewhere in the county, and as the Geological Survey remarks, "sugests a low arch with the Port Homer wells on the western slope." In
other parts of the township the Maple and Frink farms south of Irondale were tested with light results; two dry holes were drilled near the river in the extreme sonth- eastern part of the township, dry in south- east corner of Section 5, dry on MeCnllongh farin near west line of Section 7, dry in Sec. tion 8 near month of Yellow Creek, two dries on Mills and Gray farms in southwest quarter of section 11, three wells on Taylor farm in southeast quarter of Section 17, two of which produced some oil, third dry; dry on Burnett estate near south line of Section 18, small prodneer later abandoned on Yellow Creek along the eastern line of Section 13, and dry hole near the middle of same section, two small oil wells and one dry on Leatherberry farm in Section 23, a dry in Irondale.
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