USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > Cincinnati illustrated: a pictorial guide to Cincinnati and the suburbs > Part 24
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Heuck's New Opera House, on the northwest corner of Vine and Thirteenth streets, was originally intended for variety shows, but the regular drama is now performed as well as lighter enter- tainments.
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES (Sce Mount St. Mary's Seminary, Lane Theological Seminary and St. Xavier College).
TOPOGRAPHY OF CINCINNATI .- The commercial capital of Ohio is situated on the right bank of the river which gives name to the State, and separates it from Western Virginia and Ken- theky. It stands in lat. 39º 6' 30" N., and in long. 84º 26' W .; four hundred and fifty-eight miles below Pittsburg, and five hundred miles above the junction of that stream and the Miss- issippi.
The site of the City is peculiarly favorable to commerce, com- fort and health. It lies on a natural platean, through which the Oltio passes from the southeast to the southwest. This plain is nearly twelve miles in circumference, and is biseeted by the river into nearly equal parts. On the north half is Cincinnati, and on the south are Covington and Newport, separated by the Licking River. This great plain is entirely surrounded by hills three hundred feet in height, forming one of the most beautiful natural amphitheaters to be found anywhere on this continent, from whose hill-tops may be seen the splendid panorama of the cities below, with the winding Ohno, its steamers and barges, und incessant movement along its shores.
No other large city in the United States affords such a variety of position and scenery. Its site is one which a painter would have chosen for its beanty, and a shrewd mechanic for the ut-
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KENNY'S CINCINNATI ILLUSTRATED.
most facilities of building, of water, and of drainage. On this site is built one of the most populous and prosperous cities of America, concentrating in itself the produetions of a great ex- tent of country, and manufacturing the raw materials of mines and forests, to be again distributed, not only through the iute- rior, but to the remotest countries of the globe.
The City was laid out by immigrants from New Jersey, under the patent of John Cleves Symmes, to what is called the Miami country. The towu was first surveyed and plotted by Col. Lud- low, and its plan is similar to that of Philadelphia, with rectang- ular streets inclosing blocks of convenient size. It was incorpo- rated as a City in 1814. The plateau on which it is built is com- posed of two terraces, which are elevated respectively fifty and one hundred and eight feet above the level of the river. Fort Washington, which was the original nucleus of the buildings, stood on the east side, nearly opposite the mouth of the Licking River. The village of Cincinnati was mainly built below the fort, and on the river bank, and though founded in 1788, yet in 1800 it was composed of but a few frame and log houses, with a population of only 750 inabitants. Such was the Cincinnati of seventy-five years ago; a small, struggling, unpromising village on the banks of the Ohio, amid an uncultivated wilderness.
TRADE, COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES .- According to the latest report of the Chamber of Commerce the total number of manufacturing establishments in Cincinnati at the close of the year 1878, was 5,183; the cash capital invested, $57,868,592; the value of real estate occupied, $47,464,792; the number of hands employed, 64,709, and the value of production, $135,123,768. A classified and comparative statement prepared by the Chamber of Commerce of the value of products of the manufacturing in. dustry in Cincinnati, for the year 1877, shows the following re- sults :
Iron, $13,288,749
Other Metals,
4,491,030
Wood, 13,867,604
Leather,
7,352,039
Food,
23,710,093
Soap, Candles and Oil,
8,293,930
Clothing,
12,259,010
Liquors,
23,617,711
Cotton, Wool, Hemp, etc., 1,572,532
4,125,648
Stone and Earth, .
3,194,815
Carriages, Cars, etc.,
2,354,C64
Paper,
2,140,402
Book Binding and Blank Books, 642,700
Printing and Publishing,
4,957,426
Tobacco,
4,215,724
Fine Arts, 520,180
Miscellaneous,
4,520,111
Total, $135,123,768
The aggregate approximate value of imports into Cincinnati for the twelve months ending 31st of August, 1878, was $223,237,157, and of exports $186,209,646. For further and more minute de- tails, the reader is referred to the reports of the Chamber of Com- merce and the Board of Trade. An admirably digested and well written resume is to be found in a lecture delivered by Mr. Sid- ney D. Maxwell, Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, at Pike's Opera House, on the 11th of March, 1878, and printed, by special order of both Boards, in their reports of Trade and Com- merce for the year 1878.
TRAMPS (See Beggars).
TRIBUTARIES OF THE OHIO (See Ohio River).
TURNER HALL (See Turngemeinde).
is left for military drill. The gymnasts are divided into three classes: one, consisting of all over 18 years of age; their nights for cxereise arc Wednesday and Friday; one, of youths between 14 and 18; and one of children below 14, who may be trained every evening. On the second floor is the German Theater [see Theaters]. The third floor contains the Concert Room proper, and also rooms for business, for the Directors, etc. Connected with the Turnverein is a Turner Cadet Corps 60 strong, drilling in the building; a Turner Band of 18 instruments, and a Sing- ing Choir of 25 voices. In rear of the hall there is a well laid out garden, planted with shade trees. There are 500 members, some honorary. Fees for contributing members, fifty cents a month. President, Julius Engelke ; Secretary, G. P. Schweitzer; Assistant Secretary, J. Stemmler.
TUSCULUM (See Pendleton ).
TYLER DAVIDSON FOUNTAIN (Sec Fountain).
TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION .- Cincinnati Typographical Union, No. 3, one of the largest trade unions in the City, holds regular meetings the first Sunday afternoon of each month, in the small hall of the Catholic Institute. There are between 250 and 300 members. Besides the purposes of a protective union, it has an insurance feature, and sick benefits. The widow or heirs of a deceased brother receives one dollar for each active member at the time of death. This fund is raised by monthly assessments of dues of 35 cents.
UNDERTAKERS' SOCIETY .- Meets at the call of the President, to discuss matters of interest pertaining to burials, etc. John F. Wiltsee is President.
UNION BETHEL .- The mission work of the Bethel in Cincin- nati was organized in 1839, in a building on the bank of the river then known as Commercial Row. The Boatman's Bethel Society was soon afterwards formed, and the school removed to East Front street, near Pike; the Society, however, returned to their old quarters after an interval of three years. In February, 1865 a meeting was held to discuss the propriety of formning an inde- pendent Bethel Society for Cincinnati, and the plan was soon afterwards carried out and the Bethel incorporated under the laws of Ohio with the full consent of the Western German's Friend Society, under whose auspices the work had been pre- viously carried on. Early in '67 a Church organization was formed, and in May of that year the Newsboys' Home, until then on Longworth street, near Central avenue, was transferred under certain conditions to the Bethel. In February, 1871, the old Front building, known as the old Museum, was destroyed by fire. Preparations were at once made to build anew, and a Com- mittee appointed to solicit subscriptions to the amount of $15,000. A fair was also held, from which $40,305 were realized, and the new structure, shown in the engraving, finished in March, 1874. In the following May, Mr. David Sinton generously presented the corporation with $100,000 in bonds bearing 7 per cent. interest, to constitute an endowment fund. On the completion of the new building there remained a debt of nearly $16,000, but on the 10th of January, 1878,-Mr. Sinton gave further evidence of his munificence by giving $10,000 towards its payment, and other friends of the cause made up the whole sum. The chief aims of the Bethel are tersely stated in the following extract from the constitution, adopted in 1856:
"The object shall be to provide for the spiritual and temporal welfare of river men and their families, and all others who may be unreached by regular Church organizations; to gather in and furnish religious instruction and material aid to the poor and neglected children of Cincinnati and vicinity, and to make such provisions as may be deemed best for their social eleva- tion ; also, to provide homes and employment for the destitute."
In 1879, to March 30th, the Bethel had received on profession of faith into full fellowship, 59; baptized, 44; buried, 15; dis- missed to other Churches by certificate, 7. It had also held fifty two sessions of Sunday-school, with the following results in fig- ures: Whole number for the year, 106,421 ; average for the year,
TURNGEMEINDE .- This Cincinnati German Society was founded in 1848, and its present hall, at Nos. 513 to 519 Walnut street, between Allison and Mary streets, built in 1859, at a cost of $35,000. It is three stories in height. The front rooms on the ground floor are rented for business purposes; in the rear is the Turner Hall proper, or gymnasium, 53 feet in length by 48 in width. It is fitted out with parallel bars, swinging bars, and com- plete apparatus, so arranged that a sufficient space in the center | 2,047; average for the six months ending 30th March, 2,623.
Drugs, Chemicals, etc.,
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KENNY'S CINCINNATI ILLUSTRATED.
The outlay under the general expense account for the same year was, including a cash balance of $374, $11,282, and the dis- bursements, $10,815. The dining-room receipts were $3,783, and the disbursements, $3,835.
Any person paying into the treasury of the corporation the sum of $10 shall be a member for one year, and of $50, a member for life. Superintendent, Rev. Thomas Lee; Assistant Superin- tendents, Philip Hinkle, George W. Boyce, Levi E. Stevens, Dr. J. Taft; General Secretary, W. F. Boyd; Assistant Secretary, Chas. E. Lindsay.
The Ladies' Bethel Aid Society is carried on in unison with the Bethel, and much of the general relief work is done through the lady managers. During the winter months of'78 and '79 the Ladies' Committee has given away 5,73112 yards of muslin, 1,829 yards jeans, 7,64314 yards calico, 276 shawls, 443 caps, 91 pairs hose, 280 girls' hats, 57 dresses, 147 shirts, 150 pieecs under wear, 36 pairs pants, 8 coats, 48 girls' hoods 22 aprons, 1,396 pairs shoes, redeeming 68,968 tickets.
President, Mrs. Geo. H. Gibson ; Vice - President, Mrs. C. M. Weatherby; Secretary, Mrs. James O'Kane; Treasurer, Mrs. S. H. Richardson
UNITY CLUB .~ A social organization connected with Rev. Dr. Wendte's Uni- tarian Church, northeast corner of Eighth and Plum streets. Seth Evans is
President.
steps were taken in 1873 toward the organization of the Academic Department, which were followed the next year by the election of a portion of the present faculty. The Observa- tory was established in 1875. The University is maintained from the income of the estate of the late Charles McMieken, be queathed to the City in trust for the purpose; from the ground rents accruing from Mr. Longworth's donation and the proceeds ($17,200) of a tax of one-tenth of a mill on the tax duplicate, levied by virtue of an act of the General Assembly. During the year ending 1st January, 1879, the total receipts, including a cash balance of $4,549 from 1878, were $66,617, and the expenditures, $57,640. Students of both sexes are admitted, and residents in Cincinnati are instructed gratuitously. Last year there were 128 in the Acade- mic Department ; 341 in the School of Design, and 3 at the Observatory. The of- ficers are : Samuel F. Hunt, Chairman ; T. B. Disney, Clerk ; Thomas Vickers, Rector.
UNITED ORDER OF RED MEN (See Improved Order of Red Men).
UNION OF AMERICAN HEBREW CONGREGA- TIONS .- The Union, founded mainly through the efforts of Dr. Wise and Mr. Moritz Loth, of Cincinnati, has its headquarters here. The Union now includes all the principal Hebrew Congre- gations of the United States. President, M. Loth; Vice- President, Adolph L. Sanger, of New York; Secretary, Lipman Levy; Treasurer, Solomon Levy.
UNIVERSITY OF CINCIN- NATI .- The University, also UNITED RAILROADS STOCK YARD Co .- At a meeting of the incorporators held on the 29th day of June 1871, consisting of the following gentlemen, J. L. Keck, John Morrison, W. J. Lippincott, Charles Kahn, Jr., and M. S. Forbus, the organization of the Company was perfected under the laws of Ohio, and books for receiving sub- scriptions were ordered to be opened on the first day of August following. The known as the McMicken University, is organized under the act passed by the General Assembly of Ohio. April 16, 1870, "to enable cities of the first class to aid and promote education." This statute authorizes any person or body corporate, holding any estate or funds in trust for the promotion of education or any of the arts and sciences, to transfer the same to the city as a trus- tee for such purpose, thus THE CINCIN NATI UNION BETHEL. affording a means of consolidating various existing funds, ! company proceeded forthwith to purchase a suitable traet of which separately are of little or no avail for their intended ground, comprising about fifty acres situated in the twenty- fourth ward, on the west side of Spring Grove Avenue, about two thirds of which lies between the Avenne and Mill Creek, and the remainder on the west side of Mill Creek abntting on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Rail Road. These divisions are united by a substantial Iron Bridge, and a Rail- road which also connects the C, H. & D. R. R. with that of the Cincinnati and Baltimore Rail Road, the connecting link between all roads entering Cincinnati. Plans were imme- diately put into execution for the improvement of this tract, by grading, sewering, and erecting pens for live stock, all of which was done in the most substantial and approved manner. The alleys or streets which run at right angles, and the pens are paved, and being well sewered are easily kept dry and clean. purposes. In accordance with the aet, a University Board was appointed January, 1871. This Board immediately re- ceived an estate which had been left in trust for the City by Charles MeMicken, in 1858. Since then the endowment of the University has been increased by important donations from the Cincinnati Astronomical Society, Joseph Longworth, John Kil- gour, and Julius Dexter, and by a bequest from the Rev. Samnel J. Browne. With these funds and the assistance of the City the University has been established. It consists of three depart_ ments: The Academic, or Department of Literature and Science ; the School of Design, or Art Department; and the Ob- servatory, or Astronomical Department. The School of Design was placed under the control of the Board in 1871. Preliminary
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KENNY'S CINCINNATI ILLUSTRATED.
The greater portions of the pens are covered and furnished with saeks for feeding stock, and with water troughs, the water being supplied by the City. A large hotel was erected on the Avenue at a considerable cost which, in point of comfort, light and ven- tilation compares favorably with any hotel in the City. A stable for the accommodation of shippers and the Company's horses is erected on the Avenue. Feed houses and seale houses have been built in the most convenient and suitable places. On the 31 day of September, 1873, the Yards were opened for the trans- action of business; the result of which has been continuously satisfactory to the stockholders. The Yards have a capacity for the accommodation of five thousand cattle, five thousand sheep, and twenty five thousand hogs. The management is under the control of a Board of Directors, at present consisting of seven members, including the president, J. L. Keck, and the Secretary, John H. Porter. The receipts of cattle, hogs, sheep, and calves for the fiscal year ending March 1st, 1879, are as follows: hogs, 912,896; cattle, 156,969; sheep, 303,036; calves, 10,522; and the shipments: hogs, 249,159; cattle, 63,578; sheep, 227.442. Mr. Geo. Leslie is assistant Secretary of the Company. A very large business is also done in the Covington Stockyards. Their principal trade is in fine cattle from the famous blue grass region of Kentucky. Vast numbers of cattle, sheep, and hogs are annually sold and shipped East through these yards.
THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI.
VINE STREET OPERA HOUSE (See Theaters).
VOTERS (See Population.)
WALNUT HILLS .- In 1791, the Rev. James Kemper arrived in Ohio, and settled on lands which subsequently became the site of the village of Walnut Hills. One of his first labors was the con- struction of a block-house, to serve as a protection against the Indians, and a lot on the east side of Kemper lane, where the street has been considerably cut down, to this day marks the cradle of the old village to which Walnut Hills, owes its present busy life. The old house which succeeded the early dwelling of the family still stands on the site of the old block-house. In 1818 the first Church of the new settlement was built, and Mr. Kemper remained its pastor, a brief interval only excepted, un- til his death, in August, 1834, and ten years afterwards the move. ment for the establishment of Lane Seminary began.
At.the October election, in 1869, Walnut IIills and Cincinnati voted on the question of annexing the former to the City, de- elaring in favor of the change by a large majority. Committees were subsequently appointed by the City Council and the Trus- tees of the road district to determine the terms of annexation. The conclusion of these committees was submitted to their re- spective bodies in the following Mareh, and, being formally ap- proved, Walnut Hills became a part of Cineinnati. Before the annexation Walnut Ifills proper consisted of five eighths of see- tion eight of Millereek township, extending from the northern boundary of the City (then McMillan street) to Avondale, and the north west part of Woodburn, on the north, and from Wood- burn on the east to Corryville on the west. It was at no time an
incorporated village, save for road purposes. The business of Walnut Ifills is chiefly transacted on MeMillan street and the Montgomery road, where there are also some very fine resi- dences. Beginning north of the Seminary three squares, Spring street comes first, then Chestnut, Sycamore and Chapel streets follow, successively, before reaching the Seminary grounds. The latter street, which bounds the Seminary on the north, runs through the Elston lands to Woodburn Avenue, thus opening a street between the northern parts of Walnut Ifills and Wood- burn, midway between McMillan street and Avondale. On the south of the Seminary, running parallel with the others, is Kem- per street, and south of it Locust street. Farther on there are a number of streets running east and west and northeasterly- Beech, Maple and Elm streets. These streets embrace the body of the population within the limits of the former road district; there is also a rapidly growing population between the Montgom- ery and the Lebanon roads. The streets in Walnut Hills are gener. ally 60 feet wide, and well laid down. Walnut Hills is well sup- plied with Churches and public and private schools, and combines within itself many of the advantages of both the city and the country. One of the finest views is from the southern terminus of Grand View Avenue, running southwardly from MeMillan street to the brow of the river hill. The course of the river can be traced for many miles. On a clear day the villages on both sides of the Ohio, as far up as the mouth of the Little Miami, are distinetly seen. On either side the banks of the river swell into hills, dotted with elegant and substantial country houses, fre- quently garlanded with groves of trees.
WARSAW .- A village of about 1200 population, upon the War- saw turnpike, about 312 miles from the Post-office. The scenery in the vicinity of Warsaw is very beautiful, and the drive from Price's Ifill to this village one of the most beautiful in the vicinity of Cincinnati.
WASHINGTON PARK .- Bounded by Race and Elm, and Twelfth and Thirteenth streets, opposite the Exposition Buildings on the
ENTRANCE TO WASHINGTON PARK.
west. Has an area of ten acres. It has been so beautifully laid out, that all its natural advantages, aided by cultivation, appear to the utmost advantage. The graveled walks bordered by the green turf, wind along under the shade of a number of remarkably fine trees, and circle around the fountain in the centre. It is a favorite resort, and during the May Musical Festivals and the Expositions especially, it is visited by thous- ands, glad to rest upon one of the many benches placed invit-
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KENNY'S CINCINNATI ILLUSTRATED.
ingly under the shade of the spreading branches overhead. The acrolite in the Park, pierced for a supply of drinking water, fell in Ohio, and is said to be the largest ever seen in the United States. The names of the late W. Adams, President of the then Board of Park Commissions, and of the late Andrew G. Burt, and Mr. W. P. IJulbert, members of the Board when the Park was laid out, are graven upon it. The City owes both Washington and Lincoln Parks almost entirely to the persistent efforts of Mr. Adams in pressing their acquisition upon the City Council, and it is to his artistic taste, that the plan and the beautiful landscape of the grounds are duc.
WATER SUPPLY .- Water is obtained from the Ohio River. There are six powerful engines at the Front-street Works, with an average daily capacity of 50,000,000 gallons. The Third-street Reservoir contains 5,000,000 gallons, and the Garden of Eden- Reservoir, which was recently finished, contains 100,000,000 gal- lons. The average daily consumption is about 17,000,000. There are, besides the above engines, two engines at the IIunt-street Works of 3,000,000 gallons capacity, which pump water into two tanks on Mt. Auburn of about 1,600,000 gallons capacity for sup- plying the highest levels in the eastern and northern parts of the City .. Pumping power and tanks are now being constructed in the western part of the City for supplying the highest levels in that section. Number of miles of pipe laid, 179; number of hy- drant connections made to date, 23,530; number of meters at- tached, to date, 435; number of hydraulic elevator connections made to date, 198; number of steam engines supplied, about 800; price of water per 1,000 gallons, by meter measurement, 12 cents; total water rent receipts of 1878, $451,627.89; total quantity of water pumped into reservoirs, 6,274,473,323 gallons. All water- rent bills if paid on or before the 10th of the month when due are entitled to a discount of 10 per cent., which reduces water rent by meter measurement to 10 4-5 eents per 1,000 gallons.
WATER-WORKS PARK, THE .- Is on Third street, near the City Water Works, a little cast of Pike street. It is the oldest park in the City. It was here that the fathers and mothers of the present generation walked about its terraced and shady heights, gazing upon the beautiful Ohio to the south, and watch- ing the gradual growth of the City westward. The Park is now but little used.
THE CINCINNATI WESLEYA KCOLLEGE-THE CHAPEL
WESLEYAN COLLEGE .- This college, for the education of | morning. young ladies, is on Wesley Avenue, between Court and Clark streets. It was founded in 1842, and kept open until 1866. Under a uew charter the building was erceted on the present site, and the college re-opened in September, 1868, sinec which time a daily average of 230 pupils have attended. It is 180 feet long, 90 wide, 4 stories high, and covered with a Mansard roof. The building cost $135,000, and the lot is valued at $90,000. One-third of the building is devoted to instruction, the remain- der fitted up with dormitories, corridors, drawing-rooms, etc.
There are three departments of instruction-primary, academic and collegiate-embracing a thorough classical and seientific eourse. Instruction is given in modern languages, sciences, music, art, book-keeping, and all other branches of a liberal education. The college has a pretty lawn in front, and upon
THE CINCINNATI WESLEYAN COLLEGE-THE ART HALL.
the southern wing. Its situation, upon one of the broadest, and at the same time onc of the quietest of the streets west of Cen- tral Avenue, is admirably adapted to a young ladies' seminary. The engravings show a view of the cast front, the interior of the chapel (capable of seating 500 persons) and of the art hall, in which the work of the academy of design is carried on.
WEST FAIRMOUNT-Is situated on one of the summits of the Harrison Pike, near the villages of St. Peters and Forbusville. Handsome restaurant gardens arc in this vicinity, the chief char- acteristic of which is native wine, grown, pressed, and bottled on the premises. In the midst of the vine-covered slopes is the elegant residence of M. Werk Esq., the most extensive wine grower in the Ohio Valley, and directly in the rear of his dwelling house is a large building covering extensive wine cellars. West Fairmount is about 4 miles from the city.
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