USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > Cincinnati in 1841 : its early annals and future prospects > Part 7
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CANALS, RAILROADS AND TURNPIKES.
fortable dwelling houses during the past year, which are occu- pied by industrious and enterprising citizens, who are antici- pating employment and business from this canal, when com- pleted.
Information has been received from Indiana sufficient to justify the belief, that the Whitewater canal in that state will be resumed again on the opening of spring. That canal could be completed to Connersville, during next season, about the same time that ours could if they should be commenced simul- taneously. This would open at once a navigation of sixty- seven miles in length, a part of which has been in operation two years, and the business of the county has partially be- come adapted to this mode of transportation, and of course the business on our canal will commence immediately after its completion, without the delay incident to new canals, which require two or three years to divert the trade of the country into a new channel.
Fifteen miles of the Richmond branch canal, running from the Whitewater canal at Brookville, to Richmond, are very nearly completed, and considerable progress has been made in the remaining part of the work. It is expected that it will be completed in the fall of 1841. The length is between thirty and thirty-one miles. It passes up the east branch of the Whitewater, and at its upper termination strikes the national road.
Water Power on the Cincinnati and Whitewater Canal.
The water for the supply of the navigation of this canal, will be drawn from the Whitewater river, where the canal joins the Whitewater canal of Indiana, at the state line, half a mile south of Harrison. After the canal has crossed the Miami river near Cleves, the third and last lock reduces the level of the canal to a point fifty-four feet above the surface of low water in the Ohio river, which level is preserved through- out the remaining distance up to the city. From the foot of the lock at the Miami river, a feeder has been located along the east bank of the river to Matson's mill, a distance of three
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CANALS, RAILROADS AND TURNPIKES.
miles and sixty-three chains from the canal. By a dam eight feet high, across the river at this point, the surface of the riv- er will be raised to the level of the canal at Cincinnati; and any quantity of water may be introduced which the capacity of the canal will admit. This dam will be twenty-one miles from the city. The quantity of water which may be brought to the city is limited by the capacity of the tunnel at North Bend, and the velocity which may be given to the water in the canal, that will not interfere with the upward navigation. A fall or descent of three fourths of an inch per mile is given to the bottom of the canal, between the tunnel and the city. The tunnel being twenty-four feet wide and five feet deep, the area of the cross section of the water will be one hundred and twenty square feet ; and in order that ten thousand cubic feet of water may pass through in a minute, it will move through a distance of eighty-three and a third feet in one minute; or five thousand feet, or nine tenths of a mile in an hour. This velocity will only occur while passing through the tunnel, and is not greater than may be admitted in canals without injury to the navigation. But as the capacity of the canal every- where else is greater, the velocity will be less in other parts of the canal. In passing from the tunnel to the city, a dis- tance of fifteen miles, there will be a loss of about one thous- and cubic feet of water per minute by leakage and evapora- tion. We shall then have nine thousand cubic feet of water per minute at the city, available for hydraulic purposes, to be used over a fall of fifty-four feet. After deducting from the whole fall twenty-one feet, as of little or no value, by being so often covered by the river, there will still be a fall of thir- ty-three feet, which will be but seldom interrupted; and if this fall should be equally divided into two falls, the upper one will not be interrupted perhaps more than once in ten years. If we allow two hundred cubic feet of water per min- ute, to be sufficient to operate a pair of four and a half feet millstones, on a wheel of fifteen feet diameter-which is more than Smeaton allows-there will be water sufficient to operate
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PERIODICALS.
forty-five runs of stones over the first wheels, which being doubled, will give a power equal to ninety runs of mill-stones, over a fall of thirty-three feet below the surface of the water in the canal, after taking away twenty-one feet of the whole fall as of no value.
PERIODICALS.
THERE are published in Cincinnati, the following period- icals.
1. Cincinnati Daily Gazette and Liberty Hall. Issue, 900 daily, 400 tri-weekly, and 2,800 weekly. John C. Wright, editor. Messrs. L'Hommedieu & Co., proprietors and printers.
2. Cincinnati Chronicle, 400 daily, 900 weekly. Edward D. Mansfield, editor. A. Pugh, proprietor and printer.
3. Cincinnati Republican, 700 daily, 300 tri-weekly, 800 weekly. Charles S. Todd, editor. E. Graham and J. B. Russell, publishers.
4. Advertiser and Journal ; 400 daily, 150 tri-weekly, 1,650 weekly. Moses Dawson, editor. Dawson and Fisher, pro- prietors.
5. Daily Times; 1,500 copies. Edwin R. Campbell, ed- itor. Calvin W. Starbuck, printer and publisher.
6. Public Ledger; 1,400 daily. C. H. Layton, editor. Layton and Shannon, publishers.
These are devoted to politics, and the supply of the current news. The Gazette, Chronicle and Republican are whig, and the Advertiser democratic. The last two profess to be neutral in politics, and are published on the cash system, be- ing what are commonly termed penny papers.
7. Volks Blatt; 312 daily, 1,400 weekly. Stephen Mol- itor, editor and proprietor.
8. Unabhaengige Presse; 250 tri-weekly. B. Boffinger, editor and proprietor.
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PERIODICALS.
9. Deutsche im Westen ; 500 weekly. C. Burkhalter, edi- tor. Burkhalter and Hefley, proprietors.
10. Wahrheits Freund; 1,050 weekly. Rev. J. M. Hen- ni, editor. Published by the St. Aloysius Society. Catholc.
11. Apologete ; 1,000 weekly. Rev. William Nast, editor. Revs. J. F. Wright and Leroy Swormstedt, publishers.
12. Licht Freund; 500 semi-monthly. Edward Mühl, ed- itor. S. Molitor, publisher.
These are in the German language. The first three are political ; the Volks Blatt and Unabhaengige Presse, democrat- ic, the Deutsche im Westen, whig. Of the other three, the Wahrheits Freund is devoted to the interests of the Roman Catholic church, as is the Apologete to those of the Method- ists. The Licht Freund supports Universalist principles.
13. Western Christian Advocate; 14,000 weekly. Revs. Charles Elliott and L. L. Hamline, editors. Revs. J. F. Wright and Leroy Swormstedt, publishers. Episcopal meth- odist.
14. Cincinnati Observer ; 1,300 weekly. Rev. J. Walker, editor and publisher. Samuel A. Alley, printer. New school presbyterian.
15. Western Episcopal Observer; 1,500 weekly. Revs. C. Colton, W. Jackson, John T. Brooke, H. V. D. Johns, editors. T. R. Raymond, printer and publisher.
16. Catholic Telegraph; 1,100 weekly. Rev. Edward Purcell, editor. Daniel Conahan, agent. Roman catholic.
17. Star in the West; 2,300 monthly. Rev. J. A. Gur- ley, editor and proprietor. Universalist.
18. Philanthropist; 3,000 weekly. G. Bailey, Jr., editor. Samuel A. Alley, printer. This is the organ of the anti-sla- very society in Ohio. Abolitionist.
19. Western Temperance Journal; 6,000 copies semi- monthly. Published by the Cincinnati Total Abstinence So- ciety. Weed and Wilson, publishers. Temperance cause.
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PERIODICALS.
20. Young Ladies' Museum ; 1,200. J. B. and R. P. Donogh, printers and publishers. Literary.
In addition to these, which are all single sheets-the Star in the West, Temperance Journal, and Young Ladies' Muse- um being in quarto-there are in pamphlet or magazine form, all monthly-
21. The Ladies' Repository and Gatherings of the West; 7,000 copies. Revs. Charles Elliott and L. L. Hamline, ed- itors. Revs. J. F. Wright and Leroy Swormstedt, publish- ers. Literary.
22. Western Messenger; issue, 1,000 copies. J. B. Rus- sell, editor and publisher. Sheperd and Stearns, printers. Unitarian.
23. Christian Preacher ; 2,500. Elder D. S. Burnet, edi- tor. R. P. Brooks, printer and publisher. Disciples' Church doctrine.
24. Precursor; 400. Rev. M. M. Carll, editor. Kendall and Henry, printers and publishers. New Jerusalem church principles.
25. Missionary Herald ; 3,000. American Board of Com- missioners for Foreign Missions, proprietors. Weed and Wilson, publishers. Missionary.
26. Evangelist ; 1,000. Elder Walter Scott, editor. J. Hefley, printer. Disciples' Church doctrine.
27. Family Magazine ; 3,000. Rev. J. H. Perkins, editor. J. A. James & Co., publishers.
28. Western Farmer and Gardener. E. J. Hooper and Thomas Affleck, editors. E. J. Hooper, publisher. R. P. Brooks, printer. Agricultural.
29. Counterfeit Detector ; 750. H. H. Goodman & Co., editors. Charles Goodman, publisher.
Besides these, there are almanacs published here, religious, agricultural and political, in large editions.
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CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.
CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.
Roman Catholic. St. Peter's Cathedral, west side of Syc- amore, between Sixth and Seventh streets. Very Rev. E. T. Collins, and Rev. Edward Purcell officiate in the services of this church.
Church of the Holy Trinity, south side of Fifth, between Smith and Park streets. This is occupied by a German con- gregation. Clergy, Very Rev. J. M. Henni, Rev. Francis L. Huber, Rev. Francis Hammer.
Cincinnati is an episcopal see of the Roman Catholic church. Rt. Rev. J. B. Purcell, bishop.
Protestant Episcopal. Christ Church, north side of Fourth street, between Sycamore and Broadway. Rev. J. T. Brooke, rector.
St. Paul's, south side of Fourth, between Main and Wal- nut streets. Rev. Henry V. D. Johns, rector.
Presbyterian. First, west side of Main, between Fourth and Fifth. J. L. Wilson, D. D., pastor.
Fourth, north side High street, near the corporation line. Rev. Samuel R. Wilson. Supply.
Fifth, north-east corner of Elm and Ninth streets. Rev. John Burtt, pastor.
These three churches are old school General Assembly Presbyterian.
Second, south side of Fourth, between Vine and Race streets. Lyman Beecher, D. D., pastor.
Third, north side of Second, between Walnut and Vine streets. Rev. Thornton A. Mills, pastor.
Sixth, south side of Sixth, between Main and Walnut streets. Rev. Jonathan Blanchard, pastor.
African Presbyterian, west side of Lawrence, between Symmes and Fourth streets. Rev. Benj. Templeton, pastor.
These four are new school Presbyterian churches.
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CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.
Reformed Presbyterian, south side of George, between Race and Elm streets. Rev. Samuel Robinson, pastor.
Associate Reformed Presbyterian, south side of Sixth, be- tween Race and Elm. Rev. John C. Steele, pastor.
Baptist. Ninth Street Church, south side of Ninth, be- tween Vine and Race streets. Elder S. W. Lynd, pastor.
First Baptist, south-east corner of Elm and Ninth streets. Elder W. H. Brisbane, pastor.
African Baptist, south side of Baker, between Walnut and Vine. Elder David Nickens, pastor.
These are regular Baptist churches.
Christian Disciples, west side of Sycamore, between Fifth and Sixth streets. Elder James Challen, preacher.
Methodist. Eastern charge. Wesley Chapel, north side of Fifth, between Main and Sycamore streets.
African Methodist Episcopal Chapel, south side of New street, east of Broadway. Rev. E. W. Sehon, preacher in charge. Revs. M. P. Gaddis and Isaac Ebbert, assistants.
Western charge. Ninth Street Chapel, Ninth, between Race and Elm streets.
Fourth Street Chapel, north-east corner of Plum and Fourth streets. Rev. Wm. Herr, preacher in charge. Rev. James L. Grover, assistant.
M'Kendree Chapel, Fulton. Rev. Edward D. Roe, preach- er in charge.
Northern charge. ~ Asbury Chapel, Rev. John W. White, preacher in charge.
German Mission Church, west side of Vine, between Fourth and Fifth streets. John M. Hartman, preacher in charge.
The above are all Methodist Episcopal churches.
Methodist Protestant, south side of Sixth, between Vine and Race streets. Revs. A. C. Barnes and Nicholas Snethen, preachers in charge.
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CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.
Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church, south side of Sixth, east of Broadway. Henry Atkinson, preacher in charge. Independent Methodist.
Friends' meeting houses. Of these there are two on the south side of Fifth, between Western-row and John streets; occupied by separate divisions of that Society.
New Jerusalem Church. First Society, temple, north side of Longworth, between Race and Elm. Rev. M. M. Carll, minister.
Second Society, Talbott's school-house on College street. Rev. Adam Hurdus, minister.
Third Society, corner of Sixth and Race. Rev. N. C. Burnham, minister.
First Congregational Society-Unitarian, south-west cor- ner of Race and Fourth streets. Rev. W. H. Channing, min- ister.
Universalist Church, west side of Walnut, between Third and Fourth streets. Rev."John A. Gurley, minister.
First Restorationist Church, west side of Race, between Fifth and Longworth streets. Rev. Daniel Parker, minister.
United German. St. John's Church, north side of Sixth, between Walnut and Vine streets. Rev. F. M. Raschig, min- ister.
United German Protestant Church, north-west corner of Vine and Thirteenth streets. Rev. Philip Hauser, minister.
German Lutheran, west side of Walnut, between Eighth and Ninth streets. Rev. William Seib, minister.
United Brethren in Christ, west side of Fulton, between Catharine and Kemble streets. Rev. Francis Whitcomb, min- ister.
Jewish Synagogue, east side of Broadway, between Fifth and Sixth. M. A. Moehring, parnas.
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CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
New Jews' Synagogue, south side of Third, between Syc- amore and Broadway. Jonas Levy, parnas.
Welsh Calvinistic Methodist, Harrison street, east of Broadway. Revs. Edward Jones, pastor, David Rosser, as- sistant.
Welsh Congregational Church, corner of Lawrence and Symmes street.
Bethel Chapel, south side of Front, between Lawrence and Pike streets. Rev. O. S. Powell, chaplain.
Cincinnati Bethel Society. Rooms, Front, near Pike street. Rev. O. S. Powell, chaplain. For the religious instruction of boatmen.
Foreign Mission Society of the Valley of the Mississipi. George L. Weed, Treasurer and Secretary.
Western Education Society. Rev. L. G. Bingham, Sec'ry.
Home Missionary Society. Central board agency for the western states. Rev. Henry Little, Secretary.
The offices of these societies are at No. 30, West Front street, which is the publishing office, also, of the Missionary Herald, and a depository of religious tracts, Sabbath school- books and bibles.
Young Men's Bible Society of Cincinnati. Flamen Ball, Secretary. Office as above.
Cincinnati Catholic Society for the Diffusion of Religious Knowledge.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
Orphan Asylums.
THERE are three of these institutions in Cincinnati.
1. The St. Peter's Orphan Asylum, under the care of the Sisters of Charity, corner of Third and Plum. Fifty-one female children inmates.
2. St. Aloysius's Orphan House, under the care of the so-
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CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
ciety of that name, instituted for the benefit of boys ; north side of Sixth, opposite John street.
3. Cincinnati Orphan Asylum, Elm, near Thirteenth street. This has been built up by contributions from the citizens from time to time. It is a well-planned and proportioned building, which has cost about 18,000 dollars, and presents a handsome appearance, its interior arrangements being highly convenient. The dimensions are 64 by 54 feet.
Including the basement, it consists of four stories, which contain spacious sleeping apartments, bath-houses, a separate department for infants, where they are provided with proper nurses, and the sustenance suited to their age; a library, and a well organized school, in which the children are not only taught the common branches of education, but receive that moral and religious training, which prepares them to become useful members of society : at the same time, in the ample grounds surrounding the house, they are enabled to take such exercise as is necessary to promote their health.
The laws of the institution appear formed with a careful re- gard to the future well-being of the orphans.
No child is permitted to be taken out of the Asylum, until it has remained there at least one year, so that vicious habits may be corrected, before they mingle with society. The strictest scrutiny is made into the character of individuals who apply for children, and they are placed only in those situa- tions, where, it is believed, the same attention will be given to train their minds to virtue as in the Asylum. Stipulations are made as to the amount of education they shall receive, and with regard to their future prospects in life. When a child leaves the institution, a Manager is appointed as its guardian, to whom, in case of grievance, it may apply for redress, and look for protection.
An average number of sixty children have annually been supported in the Asylum, so that upwards of three hundred children have been, from time to time, maintained and educa- ted, under its protecting roof. Sixty-seven orphans and des-
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CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
titute children, are now enjoying the benefits which such an institution affords.
It is gratifying to the philanthropist, to mark the progress of civilization in its most interesting form-the commencement of institutions, which have for their object, not only the miti- gation of human suffering, but the improvement of the intel- lectual and moral capacity of those, who, as they successively rise to manhood, will, it is hoped, be themselves the philan- thropists of a future day.
Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum of Ohio.
Incorporated January 21, 1821.
It is located on a four acre lot, in the north-western part of Cincinnati, with a view to retirement, and to derive advan- tages from a pure atmosphere, and free ventilation. It is a brick structure, three stories high, exclusive of the basement, and is large enough to accommodate, at one time, two hun- dred and fifty persons. Eleven hundred were admitted during the past year.
A portion of the building is appropriated as a poor house- there are separate departments for the insane-on the second and third stories are the medical and surgical male wards, the female and lying-in wards, and the operating and clinical lec- ture room.
The patients of this institution consist of several classes of persons, whose expenses are defrayed from different sources.
Those boatmen who have regularly paid their hospital clearance, according to the commercial regulations of the Uni- ted States, are maintained at the expense of government.
Others, who have no certificates, testifying as above, are supported out of a portion of the auction duties, collected in Cincinnati.
The poor of Cincinnati township receive support from the treasury of said township. Beside these, patients from other portions of Ohio, and from other states, are received, and charged two dollars per week, for board and medical attendance.
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BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.
Warden; E. P. Langdon, Treasurer ; E. C. Harper, Record- er ; John Evans, Standard Bearer ; J. B. Covert, Sword Bear- er; William See, Warder; James Clark, Sentinel.
Stated meetings, second Monday in every month.
Cincinnati Council, No. 2, of Royal and Select Masters.
Comp. William Hunter, T. I. G. Master ; C. F. Hansel- man, D. I. G. M .; I. C. Copelen, P. C. of work ; John C. Avery, C. G .; Samuel Reed, Treasurer ; William H. Roche, Recorder; J. P. Williams, G. S. and Sentinel ; James Clark, Sentinel.
Stated meetings, third Monday in March, June, September and December.
Cincinnati Royal Arch Chapter, No. 2.
Comp. O. M. Spencer, High Priest; I. C. Copelen, K .; J. C. Avery, Scribe; Samuel Reed, Cap. Host ; Joseph Jonas, Principal Sojourner; William R. Morris, R. A. Captain ; William See, G. M. of 3d Veil; J. P. Williams, G. M. of 2d Veil; George Whan, G. M. of 1st Veil; Robert Punshon, Treasurer; William H. Roche, Secretary; James Clark, Tyler.
Stated meetings, first Monday in March, June, September and December.
Independent Order of Odd Fellows.
This order was first regularly established in the United States by the institution of a Lodge-consisting of five mem- bers-at Baltimore, in the state of Maryland, on the 26th of April, 1819, under a charter from the Grand Lodge of England. The increase of the order was rapid, several Lodges in oth- er places being instituted under similar charters ; and to effect a more general co-operation in the benevolent designs of the institution, it soon became necessary to establish an independ- ent government of its interests in the United States. Prepa- rations were accordingly made about the year 1822, and a charter was subsequently obtained from the Grand Lodge of England, in which an entire relinquishment of all inherent
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BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.
right, interest, government, and authority was given, and the " Grand Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of the United States of America" was regularly established in the city of Baltimore.
Lodges and Encampments have since been instituted in nearly every state and territory in the Union.
The whole number of members in the United States at this time is rising fifteen thousand ; and the aggregate revenue, as reported from the several states, is about eighty thousand dol- lars, a large portion of which has been expended in weekly benefits to the sick, assistance of the destitute, burying the dead, relief of the widow, and education of the orphan.
The first Lodge in Ohio was instituted in Cincinnati on the 23d of December, 1830. The increase of the order in num- bers and revenue in the state, has far exceeded the expec- tations of its warmest advocates, and conclusively proves the utility and philanthropic character of the order.
The number of members in Ohio is about twelve hundred and twenty.
There are in the state ten subordinate and four Degree Lodges, three subordinate Encampments, a Grand Encamp- ment and a Grand Lodge.
The subordinate Lodges meet weekly, four of which meet in Cincinnati, two in Dayton, one at Steubenville, one at Lan- caster, one at Piqua and one at Columbus.
The Degree Lodges hold their meetings semi-monthly, and are located in Cincinnati, Dayton, Lancaster, and Co- lumbus.
The Encampments meet semi-monthly in Cincinnati, Day- ton, and Steubenville.
The Grand Encampment of Ohio holds stated sessions in Cincinnati on the first Saturday in September, December, March and June.
The Grand Lodge of Ohio holds its stated meetings in Cin- cinnati on the third Saturday in January, April, July and Oc- tober. For the purpose of conducting with greater efficiency
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BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.
the financial affairs of this institution, this body obtained an act of incorporation from the legislature of Ohio on the 4th of Febuary, 1839.
The subordinate Lodges elect their officers quarterly; the Degree Lodges and Encampments semi-annually, and the Grand Encampment and Grand Lodge annually.
In every branch of the order all religious and political dis- putes are prohibited. Every member is required to be a peaceable citizen, and obedient to the laws of the country in which he resides.
No person is permitted to become a member of the order, unless he believes in the existence of a Supreme Being, crea- tor, preserver, and governor of all things. He must be free from disease, of good moral character, and have some known reputable means of support, not under twenty-one nor over forty-five years of age.
In case of sickness, each member of a subordinate Lodge, who has complied with the laws of the order, is entitled to three dollars per week, and in case of death thirty-five dollars are paid toward defraying funeral expenses. If a member lose his wife he is entitled to fifteen dollars toward her funer- al expenses. If a member belong to an Encampment also, and is sick, as above, he receives three dollars per week from that body, and in case of his death twenty dollars are paid for funeral expenses.
The entire expense of initiation and for all the degrees, is thirty-seven dollars. The annual dues in the subordinate Lodge are four dollars, and of the Encampment three dollars. No dues are paid in any other body.
The officers of the Grand Encampment of Ohio for the present year are :-
David Churchill, G. Chief Patriarch; Isaac Hefley, G. High Priest; Samuel Neill, G. Senior Warden; Mark P. Taylor, G. Junior Warden; Jacob Keller, G. Scribe; Jacob Ernst, G. Treasurer; Nathan Steward, G. Sentinel ; Benja- min Jelliff, D. G. Sentinel.
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SAVINGS INSTITUTION.
The officers of the Grand Lodge of the state of Ohio for the year 1841, are :-
John Frazer, M. Worthy G. Master; Charles Thomas, R. Worthy Deputy G. Master; George T. Mixer, R. Worthy G. Warden; Thomas Sherlock, R. Worthy G. Secretary : Isaac Hefley, R. Worthy G. Treasurer ; Elias Favorite, R. Worthy G. Conductor ; H. N. Clark, R. Worthy G. Chap- lain ; Isaac Marchant, R. Worthy G. Guardian.
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