USA > Ohio > Wood County > Commemorative historical and biographical record of Wood County, Ohio : its past and present : early settlement and development biographies and portraits of early settlers and representative citizens, etc. V. 1 > Part 38
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T HE establishment of a colony and fort at Detroit, July 21, 1701, when Pere Nicho- las Bernardine Constantine Delhalle was commissioned chaplain, and Pére Francis Valiant du Gueslis, missionary to the Miamis and other Indians of Michigan, may be reasonably considered the introduction of Christianity along the western shore of Lake Erie. These priests as well as their successors. and, before them, the missionaries of the first Detroit colony, knew the inhabitants of the Miami and Huron coun- tries down to 1744, when it was written of the Ohio shore of Lake Erie-" All this side of Lake Erie is but little known." The coming of English- speaking traders may be said to have ended the influence of the missionaries over the savages, and to have changed their character in toto. About the year 1791, Rev. Edmund Burke (a cousin of the British statesman of the same name), an Irish priest, who was acting as pro- lessor in the Seminary of Quebec, saw with re- gret that no steps had been taken to revive the missions in the western country, which the hos- ubty of the House of Bourbon to the Society of Jesus had annihilated. By the aid of Arch- shop Troy, of Dublin, Ireland, he called the attention of the Sacred Congregation to the wretched condition of the country on the Great Lakes. The British authorities had at first made it a positive point that the Jesuit Fathers sete not to continue the Indian missions. Fa- ther Barke was favorably known, and, with the concurrence of the English Governor, he was Jected by Bishop Hubert to proceed to the West, and carry out the views of the Propa-
ganda. Before the close of the year, he was officiating at Raisin River, which he had been specially commissioned to attend. There, he dedicated the church of St. Anthony of Padua. Meanwhile, Wayne's victories over the Miamis had caused the Indians to waver in their adher- ence to England. Father Burke then proceeded to Fort Miami, a post erected by the British on the northwestern bank of the Maumee river. opposite the site of Perrysburg. His house was on the bank of the river, within a few miles of the fort. There he began to fit himself to direct the Ottawas, Chippewas and Pottawata- mies, by a study of their language-the English Government, which maintained the missionary, giving him the distribution of provisions to these tribes. In 1795 he removed to Detroit, leaving to others the care of the few Christian natives on the Maumee.
Father Gabriel Richard may be called the successor of Father Burke, as pastor of the parish of Detroit. From the close of the Eighteenth century to 1832 he visited throughout the great parish, which was co-extensive with original Wayne county.
The work of the Protestant missionaries on the Manmee may be said to have begun in 1801 or 1802, when Rev. D. Bacon, agent for the Con- necticut Missionary Society, arrived, and hired William Dragoo as his interpreter. On coming to Maumee he saw, near the month of the river. a number of drunken Indians, among whom was Little Otter, the principal chiet. Next day. May 5, accompanied by Dragon, he proceeded from Fart Miami to Fort Industry, met the semi-
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drunken head chief, and, obtaining a promise from him to assemble the tribe, returned to the Indian dancing ground; but the tribe was not convened until May 14, when Mr. Bacon ad- dressed them. His logic, however. made little impression, the Indians objecting that his religion was not good for them; that it would bring on them the same tribulations suffered by the Indians who had embraced the Moravianism of Hecke- welder, and that it was useless to their nomadic
life. The missionary furnished them as much tobacco as they could smoke, with the object of winning their attention, and did succeed in this object, but did not succeed in having thein think exactly like he did. On May 15 Little Otter replied to Mr. Bacon in the following style:
"Our white brothers, when they make speeches, are very lengthy, but it is not so with your red brothers. When you were talking you kept looking up, and said a great deal to us about the Great Spirit. We understand that you want us to raise plenty of corn and wheat, horses and cattle, and all other things and creatures that you raise, and that you want us to live like the people : that wear hats. Now, brother, if you and your friends wish to make us happy, why don't you stop your people from settling so near us. If you do this we might have game enough, and do very well. We know what you say about the whisky white people make is very true. Indians don't know how to make it, and have nothing to make it of. If your people did not make it and bring it to us we would not have it. Brother, since it is so, why do you not stop your people from bringing it among us? We understand that you were sent out to visit the Indians in order to find out their minds about the Great Spirit. You : have seen but few Indians yet. If you were to go and see them all, it would take you two or three years. We think you had better go and talk with them all and see what they think of it, and if they will agree to have such as you among them, we will also agree. This is all the red brothers have to say to you."
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Mr. Bacon left the doorned tribe on June 2, 1802, en route to Mackinaw, where he arrived June 29. His nephew, who came here with him, hired a canoe, and, accompanied by an Indian, set out for Massachusetts vie the lakes and the St. Lawrence river, his taste for adventure in the West being fully satisfied.
Rev. Joseph Badger, a missionary, sent to Ohio by the Connecticut Missionary Society, ar- rived below the Rapids of the Manmee Septem- ber 11, 1801, and under that date made the fol- lowing entry in his journal: " Rode through the
Black Swamp to the Shawanee village on the Maumee. George, our Indian boy, took us to the island, just below the rapids, to see his aunt. Soon after we were seated we were presented with a bowl of boiled corn, buttered with bear's grease. As the corn was presented, the old woman said: 'Friends, eat-it is good: it is such as God gives Indians.'"
This was a pleasing reception to the traveler. more in keeping with the traditions of the Indian before tobacco took the place of kinnikinnick, and whisky that of water. It was an experi- ence which won for the place the admiration of the missionary at the time, and his citizenship in the neighborhood subsequently. Very different was that accorded Rev. Mr. Bacon, who came on a similar errand in May, 1So2, and left the Indian town forever in June of the same year.
The Presbyterian Mission on the Maumee may be said to date back to October 27, 1822, when Rev. Isaac Van Tassel arrived. On November 6. that year, there were present Rev. Samuel Tate, his wife and son; Rev. Alvin Coe and wife; Isaac Van Tassel and wife; Leander Sackett (the mis- sion farmer) and wife; John McPherrin, the car- peuter; Straight, the blacksmith; Sabina Steven> and Hannah Riggs. The farm was situated nine miles above Fort Meigs, being the east } of south- west { of the section, at the mouth of the Ton- togany. The island opposite the farm, one and one-half miles long, and about a half mile wide, was also the property of the Missionary Society. When the missionaries arrived at their destina- tion the body of a hewn-log house, 16 x 60 feet, was found there, and to the completion of that structure Mr. Van Tassel gave attention first. The few necessaries which the Mission folks brought with them were almost invaluable to the settlement. For years the only saddle in the settlement was one owned by Mr. Van Tassel. He had also been provided by the Presbytery with a store of medicines, a thumb lance for bleed- ing, and a turn-key for tooth pulling, and if any were sick they got either bleeding or a dose of Moffett's pills, and, if the case were bad, senna and salts. It is not surprising that the Indians did not like all the regulations of civilized life, for they too, when sick, had to be treated at times by white medicine men. The regular work for which the persons named were designed, com- ienced November 26, 1822; but it was not until later in the winter that Mrs. Sackett opened the school for Indian children, and taught the red urchins for a few weeks, when she retired from that department of the work. Mrs. Lucia B. Van- Tassel taught there for a year, and was followed
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by other teachers who saw a class of half a dozen increased to thirty out of fifty enrolled pupils. D). W. H. Howard, himself a pupil, speaking of the enterprise, in 1879, says: . Rev. Isaac Van- Tassel was the principal of the Mission. Mr. Sackett and Rev. Mr. Coe were assistants, with their wives and several maiden ladies as teachers. These, together with a few mechanics and labor- ers, formed the community of white people who established and carried forward the enterprise successfully for many years; in fact sustained it in its work of christianizing and civilizing the In- dians until the tribes were moved to Missouri and Kansas." Mrs. Van Tassel, writing in 1872, telis us that these children were fed and clothed, and that, as a result of the kindnesses and teachings they received, no less than thirty young savages were led into Christianity and died in the faith. In 1826 the Mission was taken in charge by the American Board of Foreign Missions, and Mr. Van Tassel was appointed superintendent. In 1834 the Mission was abandoned, and Mr. Van- Tassel, his wife and wards (Alvin Coe, an Indian boy; Sophia Tibault, called Teboo, a three-quar- ter blood, and Clarissa Moulton, a half blood) moved to a point on the prairie, two miles west of Bowling Green. While en route from Grand Rapids to his home. March 2, 1849, he was thrown from his horse and killed. Mr. Badger, of whom mention is made in other pages, returned to Wood county in 1835, and died here in 1846, aged eighty-nine years
From the records of Wood county the following names and dates are taken, show- ing the names of ministers of the Gospel, who performed the marriage ceremony here from 1830 to 1852: Rev. Isaac Hill, a preacher, was authorized to perform the marriage ceremony here May 4, 1830; Rev. Jacob Crum, May 26. 1831; Rev. Isaac Van Tassel, 1833; Rev. Elijah H. Pitcher, 1833; Rev. Elnathan C. Gavitt, 1833; Rev. William Sprague, 1833: Elam Day. 1834; Rev. John Crom, 1834; Rev. William T. Tracy, 1834; Jacob Martin, 1834; Rev. Stephen I. Brad- street, Presbyterian, 1835; Rev. Leonard B. Gurley, Methodist, 1835; Rev. Daniel B. Bid- dlecone, Universalist, 1835: Rev. Daniel P. Ket- chem, Methodist, 1835; Samuel Bomgardner, of the Evangelical Society, 1835; Rev. L. L. Sadler, Universalist, 1837; Rev. Henry Whiteman, 1836; Rev. Peter Sharp, 1836; Rev. Peter Carobaine, of the Catholic Church (of Hamilton county, Ohio), 1837; Rev. Wesley Brock. Methodist, 1837; Rev. Stephen Lillybridge, of the United Brethren in Christ, 1837; Rev. John Janes, Methodist, 1838; Rev. Benjamin Woodbury (came
in 1835), 1838; Rev. James H. Francis, 1838: Rev. Leonard Parker, Methodist, 1838; Rev. Adam Minear, Methodist, 1839; Rev. William Barkhimer, of the Evangelical Association of North America, 1839; Rev. Jeremiah Brown. United Brethren preacher, 1839; Rev. John R. Miller, Evangelical Association, 1840; Rev. Mi- chael Long. United Brethren, 1840; Rev. David Campbell, Regular Baptist, 1840; Rolla H. Chubb, Methodist, 1840; Rev. Leonard Hill, Methodist. 1841; Rev. Jonathan Edwards Chaplin, Meth- odist, 1841 ; Rev. Henry Warner, Methodist, 1841: Rev. Barrett I. Needles. United Brethren. ! 840; Rev. George Cronewett, Evangelical Lutheran, 1842; Rev. Andrew Hollopeter. 1842; Rev. Ezra Howland, 1843; Rev. Ezra C. Norton, Meth- odist, 1843; Rev. Amadeus Rappe, Catholic. 1843; Rev. James Miller, 1843: Rev. Epaphroditus Thompson, 1843; Rev. Clark Johnson, 1843; Rev. Philip Start, 1843; Rev. I. J. Killum, Meth- odist, 1844; Rev. W. H. Baldwin, Presbyterian. 1844; at Weston, Rev. Cyrus L. Watson. 1844: Rev. Joseph Jones, 1844; Rev. Hiram J. Marble, 1844; Elder Thomas Barkdull, Methodist, 1844: Rev. Silas D. Seymour, 1845; Rev. Wesley J. Wells, 1845; Rev. W. Winters, Methodist, 1846: Rev. Robert S. Kimber, 1846; Rev. L. M. Bon- ham, 1846; Rev. Thomas J. Pope. Methodist, 1846; Rev. John Davis, 1847; Rev. Thomas Cooper, 1847; Rev. Wesley Harrington, 1817: Rev. George Hammer, 1847: Rev. George Van- aman, Presbyterian, 1847; Rev. C. H. Owen, Methodist, 1847: Rev. Edward Williams. 1848: Rev. H. C. Skinner, 1848; Father Philip Foley, of Hamilton county, Ohio, Catholic, 1848; Rev. W. H. Seeley, Methodist, 1848; Rev. Andrew H. Buchtel. 1848; Rev. O. Taylor, 1848; Rev. La- fayette Ward, Methodist. 1849; Rev. David West, German Reformed, 1849; Rev. Robert K. Davis, Methodist Protestant, 1849; Rev. Asa Ellis, of the Predestinarian Baptist Church of Christ, 1849; Rev. John Graham, Methodist, 1849; Rev. Thomas Holmes. Christian, IS50; Father Sebastian Sanner. Catholic, 1850: Rev. George Haily, Evangelical Association of North America, 1850: Rev. James Swaney, Methodist, 1850; Rev. William Matthews, United Brethren preacher, 1850; Rev. Henry P. Stillwell. Baptist. 1851: Rev. Charles Marksheffel. Lutheran, 1850; Rev. James Milligan, Methodist, 1850; Rev. Jo- seph F. Wade. Christian. 1849: Rev. G W. Brackenridge, Methodist, 1810; Rev. I. H. New - ton, Congregationalist. 1849; Rev. A. W. Jewett. Universalist, 1844, Rev. Sammel Long. United Brethren preacher. 1851; Rev. Sammuel Wilson, of the Ohio Central Christian Conference 1851:
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Rev. James Glancy, a United Brethren preacher, January, 1852; and Rev. James Evans, Meth- odist, 1852.
During the last forty-three years an army of teachers entered Wood county. Some came on trial and remained a day or so, others staid a churches given in the local chapters.
year, while a few made their homes here for many years. To-day the townships (except Ross) and many of the villages have their churches, and every form of religious belief has its adherents here, as may be learned from the sketches of
CHAPTER XX.
EARLY SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS IN WOOD COUNTY-SCHOOL TAXES AND LAWS-SCHOOL EXAMIN- ERS-IMPORTANT MEETING AT PERRYSBURG, 1837-SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION- STATISTICS-TEACHERS' INSTITUTE -- ITS OFFICERS, MEMBERS, ETC.
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N the reminiscenses of Mrs. Amelia W. Perrin, given in the history of Perrysburg township, reference is made to first schools and teach- 4 ers in Wood county. The chapters devoted to township history contain many sketches of early schools and school teachers. The first recognition of schools by the commissioners dates back to June, 1826, when half a mill on the dollar was ordered to be levied for school purposes, under the Act of 1825. In 1827, this levy was continued; but, in 1828, 1829, 1830 and 1831, the commissioners ignored the tax. To compensate for this, a one-mill tax was levied iu 1832, being one-fourth of a mill more than the new Common-School Law demanded, but, during the following few years, nothing whatever was done toward levying a school tax. On June 13, 1835, School Section 16, Tp. 3, Twelve- Mile Reservation, was ordered to be appraised, and a one-fourth-mill tax, in addition to the Statute three-fourth-mill tax, ordered to be levied for schools. In March, 1836, Montgom- ery township was ordered to elect school trustees. In 1837, the school levy was placed at one and one-fourth mills, and, in 1839, it was increased to two mills, under the revise of School Law of 1838. The product of these levies was small indeed, but sufficient to meet the demands made by the school interests. The value of the school sections was not then thoroughly understood, and in the sale of many of them the people and commissioners made a mistake, which they real- ized before many years. The Akron School Law was adopted in 1850, and in 1873 all the laws bearing ou the public schools were consolidated.
In October, 1831, the judges of Common Pleas, acting under authority of the school law,
appointed the following named school examiners: Elijah Huntington, Horatio Conant, Isaac Van- Tassel, Galon B. Abel, Moses P. Morgan and David Smith. In October, 1834, Jessup W. Scott, Elijah Huntington, Horatio Conant, Oscar White and Galon B. Abel were appointed; and, in October, 1835, Benjamin Olney and Henry Bennett took the places of Oscar White and Horatio Conant. In 1847 James W. Ross, Elijah Huntington and Hiram Davis were appointed school examiners. In 1851 James W. Ross, whose term expired, was re-appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the removal of Rev. Mr. Jewett. This system of appointment continues in force under the school laws, as amended, which vests the appointing power in the Probate Court.
To November 17, 1837, we must first look for any marked interest in the system of public education. On that day a meeting was held at Perrysburg, over which S. R. Austin presided, with P. H. Crowell. secretary. The object was to consider means for improving the system and elevating the standard of the teachers. John C. Spink, Elijah Huntington and Henry Darling were appointed a committee to nominate officers for this School Improvement Association, and their nominations being accepted, Dr. Horatio Conant (president), John Evans (vice-president). Hazacl Strong (of Napoleon), Jessup W. Scott (of Miami), Andrew Coffinberry (of Perrysburg). and Pierre M. Irving (of Toledo) (district vice- presidents), S. R. Austin (secretary) and John Webb (treasurer) were declared to be the officers. The graded or anjou school of Manmee, taught by Francis Hollenbeck, was established five years later; then one at Perrysburg ; next one at Water- ville, and a fourth school at Toledo,
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The efforts of this association were directed to the organization of districts, and not without effect; for, by reference to the chapter on the Transactions of the Commissioners, it will be seen that the school question was taken up enthusiastically by the people of the several townships. In the " forties" the teachers' insti- tutes and teachers' associations began to take the place of the old School Improvement Association, and through the influence of their meetings the character of the teachers was changed within a few years, and some measure of progress was observed. Female instructors took the place of male pedagogues: mathematics made way for simple addition, subtraction and division; and "readin', ritin' and 'rithmetick " were cultivated. Much remained to be done, but the people accom- plished the work, and brought the school house within reasonable distance of every home. Early in the "fifties" the State extended a system of aid by the establishment of school libraries throughout the county, and the supply of school apparatus. The Wood County School Library received, from the State, books and school apparatus valued at $447.28 during the year ending December 1, 1855. There were thirteen volumes of valuable and interesting books sent January 12, 1855; with which consignment were sixty-four copies of Barnard's school architecture, and one copy each of several well-known authors; also in May, 1855. came another consignment. The great majority of the books were useful and authentic, the min- ority otherwise. The statistics for the year end- ing November 15, 1877, show that the number of children between the ages of six and twenty- one years, was 11, 217. The State received from this county $9,265.43, and paid it $16,080. In 1878 and 1879, marked advances were made in school government, buildings, furniture, and even in the character and manner of teachers.
fund $17,230.50 and contributed $9,912.71 10 that fund, while the county's expenditure for school purposes amounted to $83. 139.04, of which the sum of $47.792.83 was paid to teachers. The receipts of school moneys from all sources amounted to $127.393.41. In 1880, there were 5,960 male and 5,453 female children between the ages of six and twenty-one years, or a total of 11, 413, in Wood county, exclusive of twenty- one colored boys and twenty-five colored girls, which, added, bring the total up to 11, 459. Of all, there were 2,638 between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one years, while the total was 46 per centum of the population in 1880.
The village and special school districts, in 1890, comprised Bloomdale, $770.62; Bowling Green, $28,860.06; Bradner. $799.34; Grand Rapids, $3.349 56; Haskins, $2, 123.91 ; Millbury. $927. 13; Milton Center, $847.24; North Balti- more, $4,705.25; Pemberville, $3, 801.49; Perry's- burg, $5. 367. 19; Portage, $758.42; Prairie Depot. $1, 525.46; Tontogany. $1, 048.70; West Mill- grove, $863.34; and Weston, $2. 362. 18. In 1890, there were 180 elementary schools in the township districts, with twenty-one elementary schools and one high school in the separate dis- tricts, or 202 school buildings in the whole county. valued at $319,450. In the 202 buildings were 257 roomis, or 188 rooms in the township, and sixty-nine in the separate districts, employing 308 teachers in the township, and eighty one in the separate district schools-or 133 male and 256 female teachers.
The average pay of teachers in the township in 1890, was $38 for males and $26 for females, and in the separate districts, $44 and $30 respect- ively; while in the high schools the salaries aver- aged $52 for male, and $46 for female teachers. In the townships the average duration of school was twenty-nine weeks, and in the separate dis- tricts, thirty-six weeks. The expenditures for the year amounted to $119, 103. 18, and the revenne ( including a balance from 1889. of $79.068.64 '. $20, 354.60, from State tax: $5,049 24 from the irreducible school fund; $82.439.90 from local school and school-house tax, and $987.69 from fines, licenses, etc .- $18 ;. 900.07. The sum paid teachers was $67.025.02, of which $6,701 was paid high-school teachers. The number of pu- pils enrolled was 7.242 boys and 6.273 girls, of whom 3.417 were between the ages of to and 21 years. The average daily attendance was 7, 499.
The number of school houses in this county at the close of the school year, IS79-80, was 180, or 164 townships, and sixteen separate district houses, while the value of property was $173.550. The number of schoolrooms was 208, and of teach- ers, 212-the numberof different teachersemployed being no less than 357-146 male and 21 1 females. The average pay was $33 for the former and $23 for the latter in the primary schools throughout the townships, $28 and $27 respectively in the separate districts for primary teachers, and $57 and $33 respectively for high-school teachers. The average duration of school in the townships The statistics for the year ending August 31. 1894, show that Wood county possessed 183 elementary schools in the townships, with 20 was twenty-seven weeks, and, in the separate districts, thirty-two weeks per annmin. Wood county received from the State connnon-school : elementary schools and one high school in the
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separate districts, or 210 schools valued at $410,470. There were 192 rooms in the town- ship buildings, and 93 in the separate district buildings, or a total of 285 rooms in which 287 teachers were employed. The number of different teachers was 335. or 139 males and 196 females. Of the whole number, 229 were employed for the whole year. The average salary in the town- ship was $36 for males and $30 for females; while in the separate districts the respective averages were $50 and $33, and, in the high school, $60. The average duration of school in the township was 31 weeks and, in the separate districts, 33 weeks. In 1893-4, the average school tax levy in the township was 4.5 mills, and in 1894-95, 4.6 mills; while in the separate districts, it was II. 7 mills in the first, and 12. 1 inills in 1894-5. The school moneys received during the year amounted to $256, 870.68, of which the sum of $180,661.90 was expended, including $89, 719.71 paid to the teachers.
The number of children enrolled in the town- ship was 7, 192, or 3,756 boys and 3,436 girls, while in the separate districts there were 4,479 enrolled, or 1.729 boys and 1, 864 girls in the elementary schools, and 415 boys and 471 girls in the high school-the total of all children en- rolled being 11, 671, including 826 re-enrollments. The daily attendance was estimated at 8,236, while the youth entitled to attend school num- bered 14,073, or 7,400 boys and 6,673 girls, of whom 3.406 were between the ages of 16 and 21.
The Teachers' Institute of this county appears to have been a well-organized body as early as May 5, 1851, when the following named * prac- tical teachers" petitioned the commissioners to appropriate moneys for defraying the expenses of a meeting to be held at Perrysburg in Septem- ber of that year: A. D. Wright, George Kim- berlin, Edward Olney, Adeliza Olney, Mary E. Olney, A. P. Donaldson, John W. Woodbury. Nathan W. Minton, A. B. Poe, Thomas E. Jackman, John Foster, Henry Chollette, Elijah Elliott, Laurenza Brown, Mary Blinn, Helen Norton, Nancy A. Carothers, Mary A. Drake, D. K. Hollenbeck, Helen Earll, Elsie Birdsal, Ro- main Bruce, Ann Vass, An E. Bruce, Martha J. Drake, Maria Carr, Maria Bamber, Hellen S. Perrin, Julia Irwin, Celia L. Minton, Sarah S. Minton, Eliza Kuder, Louisa Lowell, Emeline Blinn, Celia Keyes, Emily Norton, Mary MI. Shutts, Sophia A. Barlow, Caroline Wright and Hamilton Pratt. The petition was endorsed June 1, 1851, by the school examiners, E. Hunt- ington. I. N. Newton and A. W. Jewett, who recommended an appropriation of $40. It may i
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