USA > Ohio > Williams County > County of Williams, Ohio, Historical and Biographical > Part 25
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250
HISTORY OF WILLIAMS COUNTY.
Like most river bottoms, it forms a valuable soil, and is not subject to the disadvantage of occasional overflow. East of the beach ridges, and between them, the plain is of a rich, friable clay loam, entirely stoneless, and varied near the ridges by streaks of sandy loam. It is formed of fine material derived from the Erie clay, and spread smoothly by lake currents. Lying so nearly level that the water of rains runs off but slowly, it has accumulated a rich store of vegetable mold, and needs but thorough drainage to develop its wealth. This covers the greater part of Pulaski, Brady and Springfield ; but in the latter towns are some slight swells exhibiting the gravelly clay of the western portion of the county- truncated knolls of the Erie clay that were not covered by the lacustrine deposits.
BUILDING AND ROAD MATERIAL.
Williams County contains no stone quarry, and the great depth of the drift forbids the hope that one may be discovered. In the northern and eastern towns, bowlders have sufficed for the foundations of farm houses ; but most of the land east of the lake ridges lacks even these.
WATER.
The entire subterranean water supply is from the sand and gravel beds of the Erie clay. Where the country is rolling, springs abound along the streams, and nearly everywhere water can be cheaply obtained by boring. In the western and northern parts, shallow wells, ten to twenty feet deep, generally suffice; but, in the remainder, a depth of fifty feet is not unusual, and many wells exceed one hundred feet.
The famous artesian wells of the Maumee Valley, the first of which were developed at Bryan, in 1842, have their source in the Erie clay. They have now become so numerous, and the search for them has been so general, that their distribution in this and the adjoining counties is pretty well defined, and some explanation of them may be given. They are found in a belt of country which, in common with the other geological features of the vicinity, has a northeast and southwest trend. Its western limit is the more definite, and, through Defiance County and the southern part of Williams, follows close to the upper beach line; the belt then follows more to the east, and terminates in Gorham, Fulton County. Its width varies from two to ten miles, and seems to be affected by the prox- imity of a deep cutting stream, as the Maumee River, or the lower course of Bean Creek. The beds of sand are sometimes isolated and dry, and sometimes connected in broad systems, through which water percolates, following the descent of the land. West of the upper ridge, it finds its way to the surface at many points, forming springs along the streams ; and the water, in neighboring deep wells, rises no higher, or but little
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HISTORY OF WILLIAMS COUNTY.
higher, than these springs. East of the ridge, the unbroken lacustrine clay cuts off the discharge through springs, as far as the nearest deep- cutting stream. This taps the sand-beds, and lowers the head for some distance ; but the sand, through which the water seeps, affords sufficient resistance to maintain an artesian head near the' ridge. The discharge, though copious, is sensibly limited. Every new fountain well diminishes the flow of those near it, and, as the number of wells in a locality increases, the head is lowered. I am informed by Mr. Hess, a well-borer in Bryan, that in that place it has fallen about three feet in the last seventeen years, so that many wells, which originally flowed, now have to be furnished with pumps. The source of this ever-welling water, artesian and other- wise, is, of course, higher than the discharge, and, consequently, west of the lake ridges. Its perennial flow suggests a distant reservoir, while the small percentage of its mineral constituents, and their variable char- acter, point to one near at hand. The superficial, yellow portion of the Erie clay, is, in great part, permeable, and, storing a portion of the water that falls on it, yields it gradually to the underlying sand beds whenever it touches them. This, the ordinary explanation of springs rising from the drift, seems to me quite adequate to account for the supply of these wells.
The mineral impurities of the well, and spring water of the country, are as variable as the constitution of the clay from which they are derived. No analyses have been made, but the general facts are appreciable to the senses. The usual earthy carbonates, constituting it " hard " water, are always present, though not often in great amount. Oxide of iron, accom- panied by sulphydric acid, is very common, and frequently in consider- able force, giving a yellow coating to the spouts and troughs that convey the water. A few wells, in various localities, afford what is called " bitter water." This is rendered noxious, and fortunately, at the same time, unpalatable, by the presence of an iron, alum, or perhaps copperas. One well is worthless, from the presence of a gaseous hydro-carbon, and I am told that one or two others are tainted by the same.
STRYKER MINERAL WATER.
In 1865, a well was commenced in Stryker under the superintendence of Hon. William Sheridan, Jr., of that place, in search of oil. With some intervals the work was continued until 1867, when it was abandoned, a depth of 860 feet having been attained. More recently, attention was attracted to a heavily charged mineral water that was met in limestone, probably of the Hamilton group, at a depth of 230 feet. In February, 1870, an analysis was made by Prof. S. H. Douglas, of the University of Michigan, which exhibited the presence of elements in the water of the
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HISTORY OF WILLIAMS COUNTY.
highest medicinal value. The gas rises continuously, keeping the surface of the water in a state of ebullition. Periodically, a large volume finds vent at once, escaping with great force, and carrying the water with it in a foaming torrent. This continues from ten to twenty minutes, when the flow of gas gradually diminishes to a minimum, and the water subsides to eight or ten feet below the level of the ground, from which position it slowly rises until the next discharge. If the well is left open, this occurs in about six hours, but, by partially closing the top, it can be indefinitely delayed. On the other hand, it can be induced, after a shorter interval, by agitating the water in such manner as to give it a vertical oscillation. It would appear that the gas collects in some reservoir over a body of water, which it gradually displaces. When the water is forced so low that a little gas can escape by way of the well, it rushes out so rapidly that it blows away some of the water from the opening ; it can then escape still more rapidly, and by this reciprocation the aperture is cleared, and a large volume of gas discharged at once. From the repetition of this process arises the periodicity of the overflow. By checking the escape of the gas above, it is prevented from rushing violently out of its storehouse, and an equilibrium is maintained, and it is easy to see how the agitation of the water would serve to precipitate the emission. This explanation is, of course, not demonstrable at the well, but is at present the only one suggested that seems to accord with the phenomena. A trifling amount of petroleum rises with the water, and, at the commence- ment of the discharge, the odor of carbureted hydrogen is plainly dis- cernible, mingled with that of the sulphydric acid, but it is afterward lost. As the discharge progresses, there is a change likewise in the taste of the water. The well-known narcotic properties of the gas have been illus- trated in the putting to sleep of several visitors.
NATIVE TIMBER.
The primitive forest growth was tall and compact throughout the county, with the exception of a few hundred acres of "oak openings " (partly on clay and partly on sandy soil) in the township of Northwest. There are no prairies. The native timber was chiefly white elm, beech, white and burr oak, white ash, sugar and swamp maple, linden, sycamore, black, red and white oak, white wood, black and white walnut, black ash, elm, iron wood and buckeye. Of the small growth, or undergrowth, were dogwood. elder, black haw, plum, chokecherry, crabapple, prickly ash, papaw and sumac. Crossing the beach line to the more level country, less change is found in the variety of species than in their relative abun dance. The oaks, the sugar maple and the beech become less prominent. [For a portion of the above statements, the writer is indebted to the late J. H. Klippard, Secretary of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture.]
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HISTORY OF WILLIAMS COUNTY.
INDIAN AND FRENCH TRAILS.
Since the settlement of the country by Europeans-Fort Wayne and Maumee City, in 1680, and Detroit, in 1710-and when French trading posts became established between the places named, lines of communi- cation by trails were opened between these posts, and good traditional authority exists for the belief that at 1 :ast one of these Indian and French trails passed through Williams County. Maj. Suttenfield and wife passed over it on horseback, after Hull's surrender of the Northwestern army in the latter part of the summer of 1812, on their journey from Detroit to Fort Wayne. But railroad tracks and plowshares, a generation and more since, destroyed all vestige of this and many other trails that were so often trodden by the once powerful tribes who held dominion over this country.
COUNTY DRAINAGE.
It is stated by Mr. Solier, the p. esent efficient County Auditor, that there has been expended by Williams County within about the last ten years, in the construction of open ditches alone, the enormous proximate sum of $250,000." Some sixty or seventy ditches have been built, sev- eral of which are many miles in length, and are now great outlets to large tracts of swampy land that have been reclaimed and subjected to cultivation. Two things in the county are rapidly contributing to the destruction of malaria : 1. The splendid system of tile and open drain- age; 2. The constant opening of new and old lands to the action of the sun. It is stated by prominent physicians, who have long resided and practiced in the county, that within the last twenty-five years the decrease in malarial ills has been more than fifty per cent. This can be due to nothing else than a destruction of malarial causes by the cultivation of the soil and by drainage. Not satisfied with the results of the past, this county, in conjunction with Defiance County, is at present engaged in constructing the Forty-six Mile, or Big Swale, Ditch, which, the Defi- ance Times says, "is probably the longest ditch in the State of Ohio." It is to commence near Bryan, thence, with many ramifications and branches, is to extend southeast and finally find an outlet on the north shore of Maumee River. The cost has been variously estimated at from $60,000 to $150,000. There are at present about twenty tile factories in the county, furnishing in the aggregate about sixty thousand rods of tiling per annum, almost the whole of which finds a speedy utility within the limits of the county.
POLITICS OF WILLIAMS COUNTY.
It has been said, and probably with much truth, that a cotemporary and active participant in political or religious conflicts that had divided
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HISTORY OF WILLIAMS COUNTY.
populations of communities and States would be incompetent to write impartial history of scenes in which he had been an actor. Hence it has been affirmed that no one, on either North or South side, conspicuous during the progress of the late civil war, would be enabled to write a a faithful history of the great American conflict, and that the true his- torian who will undertake that work and prosecute it to right conclusions may not yet have been born. The writer of this was, at one time, en- gaged in the struggles of parties for political supremacy (not, however, immediately in Williams County); but he may with truth say that the heated passions engendered by former controversies have, with him at least, cooled down, and years ago have ceased to disturb him, and he therefore undertakes, with unfaltering belief that partisan animosities and prejudices have so far perished from his mind as to enable him to write an impartial and truthful history of the politics of Williams County- generally, however, supporting any statement he may make by official data that no one would attempt to controvert.
Williams County was organized the same year (1824) that the re- markable presidential contest occurred between Jackson, Adams, Clay and Crawford. The administration of Mr. Monroe had been so pacific and con- ciliatory in its measures that the party lines previously existing had become almost obliterated, and it appeared to be conceded that his policy had estab- lished "an era of good feeling." Means of communication with the outer world inhabited by civilized people were then so limited, and newspapers and documents so scarce and difficult to obtain, that the political excite- ment among the new settlers was not sufficient to disturb neighborhood tranquillity. But when the election, under the forms of the constitution, was transferred to the House of Representatives, after the meeting of Congress on the first Monday in December, 1824, and when it became known that, by the decision of the House, the popular voice had been disregarded by the choice of John Quincy Adams, and intelligence of the result finally penetrated the fastnesses of the dwellers in the Northwestern Ohio wilderness, it aroused a feeling that had a tendency to form polit- ical classification, but sharp party lines during many years were not drawn, and even when they were did not embrace candidates for the pop- ular suffrage of a lesser grade than Federal and State officers, and rarely extended to candidates for merely local offices, yet, in process of time, political organizations upon a broader basis were formed that contested for possession of the smaller grade of offices, and from 1828 onward the organization of political parties, although occasionally broken, has been generally compact.
The Abolition party ever had only a slight foothold in the county and so with the Anti-Masonic party. Until 1834, and for several years on-
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Thomas Mest
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HISTORY OF WILLIAMS COUNTY.
ward, the party adverse to the Democratic organization had been known as National Republicans and Anti-Masons, but in chat year the parties opposed to the Democracy formed a coalition and changed their name to Whig, and under this name fought their battles until 1855-56, when a fusion between the Free-Soilers and Know-Nothings was made, and both elements combined under the name of Republican. There existed, how- ever, during many years, in Williams County, a small, but brave and earnest body of Abolitionists, who were denounced and persecuted by both Democrats and Whigs, who vied with each other in making assaults upon "the incendiary Abolitionist," and it was only upon this common ground that the two powerful parties would make common warfare. A woman of high character and intelligence, Miss Abbey Kelley, who had been invited by the little band in the town and county to address a pub- lic meeting at Bryan, was, after her lecture and on her way from the place of meeting to the house of a friend where she was a guest, the object of gross personal insult, a cowardly mob following her, making use of coarse language and even casting eggs at her person. Thirty years and more have elapsed since this occurrence, but it is probable that now, were Miss Kelley living, and she would appear before a Bryan audience and advocate the very principles embodied in the speech she then made, the same ill-mannered crowd would, were they all living, defend, to the last extremity, her person against any threatened insult; and this simple reminiscence indicates the revolution that time has wrought in public sentiment.
Before proceeding further, some election statistics are referred to : The first election for county officers was held April 8, 1824, at which, for Auditor, Timothy S. Smith received 37 votes, and H. Jerome 26 votes. For Coroner, Arthur Burras 6 votes ; John Oliver 40 votes, and Thomas Warren 17 votes. For Sheriff, James Shirley had 14 votes, and William Preston 48 votes. For Commissioners, Jesse Hilton had 58 votes ; Cyrus Hunter, 37 votes ; Charles Gunn, 31 votes; Montgomery Evans, 28 votes ; Benjamin Leavell, 26 votes ; William Hunter, 4 votes ; and John Oliver, 1 vote. At the October election, same year, for Governor, Allen Trimble received 61 votes, and Jeremiah Morrow 6 votes. For State Senator, James Mills had 47 votes, and for Representative, Alexander Smith had 47 votes. There does not appear upon the official abstract record of any opposition offered to either the Senatorial or Representa- tive candidates. The vote for Governor in 1840 will exhibit quite as clearly the relative strength of the Whig and Democratic parties in Will- iams County as the vote for President, cast in the month following. Ap- pended is the official canvass for Governor, County Commissioner and County Auditor :
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HISTORY OF WILLIAMS COUNTY.
1810.
GOVERNOR.
COUNTY COMMISSIONER.
COUNTY AUDITOR.
NAMES OF TOWNSHIPS.
Wilson Shannon
Thomas Corwin
W. D. Haymaker
(Whig).
Albert Opdyke
Levinus Bronson
Wm. A. Brown
(Dem).
Defiance
75
87
91
72
88
73
Tiffin.
30
18
18
29
18
30
Springfield.
38
21
22
37
21
38
Brady
23
29
29
24
29
24
Mill Creek
5
15
7
11
13
5
Jefferson
34
13
10
36
13
34
Pulaski.
24
25
25
24
25
24
Washington
5
8
..
..
Delaware
17
26
26
17
26
17
Farmer
27
27
27
27
27
27
Centre
38
17
17
37
17
37
Superior
12
16
15
12
15
12
Bridgewater.
6
7
...
6
6
Florence.
17
3
3
17
3
17
St. Joseph
9
28
26
9
26
9
Milford.
15
11
11
15
9
17
Hicksville.
7
5
5
7
4
8
Total
382
356
332
393
334
391
At this and the Presidential election immediately following, it will be borne in mind that the Abolitionists had no candidates, and that the Free- Soil party was not then in existence :
1844.
GOVERNOR.
CONGRESS.
REPRESENTATIVE Co. AUDITOR.
NAMES OF TOWNSHIPS.
David Tod (Dem).
Mordecai Bartley
Leicester King
(Abolitionist).
William Sawyer
James Watson Ri-
Ezra S. Dodd
Wm. D. Haymaker
Wm. A. Stevens
Jacob Smith
Defiance.
87
87
...
85
89
80
91
93
80
Tiffin
41
33
..
40
84
40
34
41
28
Springfield
51
19
51
19
49
21
47
22
Brady
39
44
36
47
36
47
39
44
Mill Creek.
8
22
......
7
23
7
23
7
23
Madison
2
5
......
2
5
2
5
2
5
Jefferson
46
29
......
46
29
45
29
47
22
Pulaski
56
42
3
56
43
56
44
65
29
Washington
14
10
14
10
13
11
16
8
Delaware
23
20
23
20
23
20
24
19
Farmer
55
53
..
54
33
55
32
56
28
C'entre
50
23
50
23
50
23
50
22
Superior
19
27
19
28
19
28
30)
15
Bridgewater
19
21
19
21
19
21
23
17
Northwest
5
2
..
5
2
5
2
5
2
Florence.
27
7
27
7
26
7
32
2
St. Joseph
37
26
36
27
32
31
39
24
Milford
29
29
29
29
29
29
30
28
Hicksville
15
9
..
14
9
14
9
17
7
Total
621
488
3
613
498
600
507
663
425
..
...
...
..
(Dem).
ley (Whig).
(Dem).
(Whig).
(Dem).
(Whig).
Digitized by
(Dem).
(Whig).
(Dem).
(Whig).
(Whig).
13
13
259
HISTORY OF WILLIAMS COUNTY.
1845.
SENATOR.
REPRESENTATIVE.
TREASURER.
NAMES OF TOWNSHIPS.
| Afred P. Edgerton
Jona. Y. Sackett
( Whig).
Horace S. Knapp
John J. Ackerman
Reuben H. Gilson
Thomas Kent
(Dem).
Pulaski
97
9
93
12
51
51
Brady
98
...
79
20
76
19
Springfield.
64
...
56
4
80
32
Centre.
71
...
68
18
48
Jefferson
85
4
71
15
52
32
St. Joseph
42
...
39
82
8
Florence.
41
...
39
2
22
11
Superior.
46
...
45
1
81
12
Mill Creek
80
...
21
9
18
8
Madison
11
...
10
1
11
...
Bridgewater.
36
...
81
5
27
5
North west.
9
...
..
4
3
Total.
630
13
561
72
372
229
At this election, for Recorder, Jacob Ycuse (Democrat), received 397 votes ; Augustus A. Porter (Whig), 227 votes; for Sheriff, Levi Cunning- ham (Independent), received 297 votes, and Daniel Langel (Democrat), 297 votes ; James A. Godwin (Democrat), was elected Coroner ; Francis M. Case (Whig), Surveyor ; William Sheridan, Sr. (Democrat), Commis- sioner; and Joshua A. Dobbs (Democrat), Prosecuting Attorney.
1848.
GOVERNOR.
CONGRESS.
REPRESENTATIVE.
RECORDER.
COMMISSIONER.
NAMES OF TOWNSHIPS.
Seabury Ford
John B. Weller
Emery D. Potter
John Fitch
(Free-Sofi).
Samuel E. Brown
Charles P. Edson
M. B. Pummer
John Saddoris
Ezekiel Masters
William Ayres
Springfield
10
42
42
3
10
42
42
10
42
10
Pulaski
47
51
44
55
44
50
68
11
60
26
Centre
15
50
44
19
15
49
49
10
50
10
St. Joseph
17
27
27
17
17
27
27
17
27
17
Florence
8
45
43
8
8
45
41
4
40
5
Superior
83
34
34
34
33
34
36
23
35
27
Jefferson
27
88
36
20
27
38
15
24
37
22
Brady
51
98
97
43
52
96
113
27
87
59
Mill Creek
27
60
58
29
27
60
89
23
60
25
Madison
11
14
13
7
12
13
23
2
23
2
Bridgewater
14
12
8
16
14
11
8
13
10
10
North west
9
13
13
8
9
13
13
9
13
9
Total
269
484
459
259
268
478
474
173
484
222
(Whig).
(Dem).
(Dem).
(Whig).
(Dem).
(Whig).
(Whig).
(Dem).
(Dem).
(Dem).
(Dem).
(Whig).
(Ind).
At the above election, William McKean (Dem.) was candidate for County Auditor, and received 518 votes, and Jacob Smith (Whig) re- ceived 208 votes for the same office. For Coroner, Chauncey Mattison (Dem.) received 476 votes, and Robert Thompson (Whig) 22 votes.
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260
HISTORY OF WILLIAMS COUNTY.
1850-Atthe October election of 1850, held on the 8th of that month, for Governor, Reuben Wood (Dem.), received in Williams County 601 votes, and his Whig opponent, William Johnston, 402 votes.
1852-In this year, for Congress, Alfred P. Edgerton (Democrat) received 730 votes; J. C. Parker (Whig), 434 votes, and Woolsey Wells (Free-Soil), 2 votes-the two votes in the county having been given Mr. Wells in Pulaski Township. Mr. Edgerton's majority at this election exceeded that received by any other candidate upon the Democratic ticket.
1855-At this October election, in Pulaski Township, for Governor, Salmon P. Chase (Republican) received 890 votes; William Medill (Democrat), 861 votes, and Allen Trimble (American), 17 votes. The majority of the Republican ticket was elected, although the majority for Mr. Chase was the largest. This was the first instance in the political history of Williams County where the regular nominees of the Demo- cratic party had been entirely overthrown in a strictly party contest since the organization of that party.
1860-Pulaski Township, at the October election of this year, voted as follows: For Supreme Judge, Jacob Brinkerhoff (Republican), 206 votes, and Thomas J. S. Smith (Democrat), 236 votes ; Board of Public Works, Levi Sargent (Republican), 204 votes, and Abner L. Backus (Democrat), 218 votes ; Congress, James M. Ashley (Republican), 207 votes, and James B. Steedman (Democrat), 230 votes ; Probate Judge, Isaac R. Sherwood (Republican), 164 votes, and Meredith R. Willett (Democrat), 277 votes ; Clerk, George L. Starr (Democrat), 146 votes, and Jacob Youse (Republican), 298 votes ; Auditor, Conroy W. Mallory (Republican), 235 votes, and William Sheridan, Jr., (Democrat), 202 votes; Recorder, Harvey H. Wilcox (Republican), 214 votes, and Henry Sheets (Democrat), 225 votes ; Commissioner, Alpheus W. Boynton (Repub- lican), 196 votes, and John G. Mattoon (Democrat), 234 votes ; Coroner, Justus O. Rose (Democrat), 204 votes, and George W. Barkdull (Repub- lican), 233 votes.
1863-There probably never occurred an election in Ohio that pro- duced a higher degree of excitement within the State, or a more profound interest abroad than the memorable campaign of 1863. Since the open- ing of the war, in 1861, there had occurred no conflict that would bear comparison, in the intensity of feeling it produced, to this one. After the close of the polls on the 13th of October, results were rapidly re- . ceived and transmitted, and the Governor-elect being then resident of Cleve- land, was, near 12 o'clock at night, in possession of sufficient returns to authorize him to transmit a dispatch to Edwin M. Stanton, then Secre- tary of War, that the entire Republican State ticket in Ohio had been
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261
HISTORY OF WILLIAMS COUNTY.
elected by a majority of about 100,000. The official vote in Williams County is appended :
1863.
GOVERNOR.
LIEUT. GOVERNOR. AUDITOR OF STATE TREAS'E OF STATE
John Brough
(Rep.).
C. L. Vallandig-
bam (Dem.).
Chas. Anderson
(Rep.).
Geo. E. Pugh,
(Dem.).
Jas. H. Godman
(Rop.).
Wm. Hubbard
G. Volney Dorsey
Horace 8. Knapp
Springfield
184
117
184
119
184
120
184
121
Pulaski.
296
232
296
236
296
239
295
239
Centre
162
127
162
128
162
128
162
128
St. Joseph
101
127
101
128
101
128
101
128
Florence.
185
115
135
116
185
116
135
116
Superior.
161
98
161
98
161
98
161
98
Jefferson
169
148
169
147
169
147
169
147
Brady
233
76
233
79
283
79
236
79
Mill Creek
84
82
84
84
84
85
84
85
Madison.
155
48
156
51
156
51
156
51
Bridgewater
132
62
132
64
132
65
182
65
Northwest
143
91
143
92
143
92
148
92
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