USA > Ohio > Crawford County > Farm Journal illustrated rural directory of Crawford County, Ohio, 1917 > Part 16
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Cows are subject to FOUNDER, showing sudden tenderness in two or more feet ; feet hot and may crack around top of hoof. This comes from overfeeding. Give Glauber salts one pound, twenty drops tincture aconite every two hours. Keep feet moist by wet pasture or wet cloths.
GARGET or SWOLLEN UDDER, due to cold, injuries, overfeeding or heating food. Bathe frequently with warm water; dry, and apply warm lard. Milk often. Give internally two-drachm doses salicylic acid and one drachm soda bicarbonate in one pint of milk four times daily.
DISCHARGE OF MUCUS from nostrils in- dicates catarrh from exposure, dust, or pollen of plants. Allow animal to breathe steam from water containing pine tar.
In SORE THROAT there is difficulty in swallowing, food returns through nos- trils. Steam as in catarrh, give tincture belladonna one-half ounce every six hours. Rub throat with equal parts tur- pentine and sweet oil.
In BRONCHITIS there is dry cough first,
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CRAWFORD COUNTY
then loose, and discharge from nostrils; rattling sound in windpipe. Steam as in sore throat and give tincture aconite twenty drops every two hours and two drachms muriate ammonia in one pint of water three times daily. For bron- chitis in young stock due to worms in windpipe, which sometimes occur in autumn where they are pastured late, give one ounce turpentine and six ounces sweet oil well mixed three times a week. Take from pasture and feed liberally.
In PNEUMONIA there is loss of appe- tite, animal standing, rapid breathing, pulse frequent, extremities cold. Cause, exposure or neglected bronchitis. Place in a warm, dry, well-ventilated stable, apply to chest equal parts turpentine and alcohol and cover with blanket. In be- ginning give tincture aconite twenty drops every hour. If not better in two days discontinue aconite and give one ounce tr. digitalis every eight hours.
In PLEURISY there is fever with rapid pulse, animal stands, grunts on moving or when chest is struck, has a short painful cough. Treat same as for pneu- monia; give also one drachm iodide of potash twice daily.
SORE TEATS are caused by scratches from briers, bites of insects, dirt expo- sure, also from the contagion of cow pox at milking. Remove cause and use milk tube if necessary; apply to sores after milking small quantity of mixture gly- cerine four ounces and carbolic acid one drachm. In cow pox milk affected cow last and apply to sores mixture glycer- ine four ounces, water eight ounces, chloride of zinc twenty grains.
WARTS on teats or other parts are generally easily removed by sharp scis- sors; dress wound as advised for sore teats.
MANGE causes great itching and gen- erally starts at root of tail or top of neck; cause, a minute parasite. Wash with soap and water and dry, after which apply lard which destroys the parasite.
For LICE and TICKS apply daily a tea made by adding one pound quassia chips to three gallons of boiling water. Or- dinary sheep dip is also effective. Car- bolic acid is one of the most effective agents against parasites. It should have a dilution of about one hundred times its bulk of water. Kerosene emulsion is good for lice on cattle, killing both adults and eggs. To make, dissolve one- half pound hard soap in one gallon hot water and while still near the boiling
"point add two gallons kesosene oil. Churn or agitate until emulsified. Use one part of this emulsion to eight or ten parts of water and use as a spray, wash or dip.
In RINGWORM there are circular spots of baldness covered by gray or yellow crust; caused also by a parasite. Wash with strong soap and water and apply pure creolin once daily for a week.
FOUL CLAW or HOOF DISTEMPER causes lameness in one or more feet, swelling and heat around top of hoof, and bad smelling discharge around edge of hoof and between the claws. Cause, dirty stables, standing in stagnant water or mud. Trim off all loose horn, clean by wiping with dry rags, wet sores twice daily with mixture chloride of zinc one ounce, water one pint.
OVERGROWTH OF HOOF from standing in stable should be filed off with rasp.
SPRAINS (generally below knee or hock), causing heat and lameness with tenderness at point of injury, should be bathed with warm water or with lauda- num three parts, lead water one part.
WOUNDS, if bleeding much, fill or cover the wound with clean cotton dipped in cold or quite warm water, and secure firmly with bandage; examine for foreign bodies, as splinters, nails and dirt. Do not fill wound with cobwebs to stop bleeding. Remove the bandage be- fore swelling takes place; one applica- tion of bandage usually enough. Keep animal quiet first day, then allow exer- cise. Keep wound clear and apply car- bolic acid water 5 per cent. or creolin and water 1 to 10. Do not apply grease to wounds. If proud flesh forms apply daily enough powdered burnt alum to cover.
For an ABSCESS or cavity containing pus caused by bruises, etc., open freely and syringe with 10 per cent. creolin solution.
LOCKJAW, a constant muscular spasm involving more or less the entire body, is caused by the entrance of tetanus germs through a wound. There is stiff- ness of whole or part of body, more fre- quently the jaws, making eating difficult or impossible. If animal can drink give one-half ounce doses bromide potash five times daily; dissolve and place on food or gruel or in water given to drink. Do not drench, and keep quiet.
INVERSION OF VAGINA most frequent in springers, caused most frequently by stalls too low behind. Treat displaced parts with warm water and replace them,
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
Place cow in stall eight inches higher be- hind than in front until after calving.
INVERSION OF WOMB occurs after calv- ing, same cause as above and treatment the same; get womb placed well for- ward.
STERILITY in bull is sometimes caused by high feeding and lack of exercise. Give nux vomica one drachm and cap- sicum one-half drachm once daily. In cow may be temporary, following abor- tion; if from other cause, seldom re- cover. Try same remedy as for bull.
ABORTION is a frequent and trouble- some malady, occurring generally at about seventh or eighth month. Cause may be due to injuries or to contagion. Separate at once when suspected; after calf is born syringe the womb with one gallon of warm water containing one ounce creolin. Repeat daily as long as any discharge is seen. Afterbirth should be removed about third day after calv- ing. Disinfect stables thoroughly. Do not let cow take bull for at least two months after aborting.
RETAINED AFTERBIRTH is generally due to premature birth; should be removed on third or fourth day. Blanketing, warm stable, warm drinks may help. If necessary to remove by hand, should only be attempted by qualified person, otherwise it is advisable to allow it to remain.
INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB is indi- cated by fever, loss of appetite, strain- ing. Caused by injuries in calving or to attempts at removal of afterbirth, and is generally fatal. Give two drachms salicylate of soda every four hours and syringe womb with warm water and two ounces creolin to the gallon.
MILK FEVER or PARTURIENT APOPLEXY is usually treated by inflation of the udder with air. Doubtless a regular "milk fever outfit," costing about $3, is best to use, as it precludes the possibility of in- fecting the sensitive interior of the udder. But in emergency, or in case the outfit is not procurable, the udder may be in- flated by using a bicycle or automobile air pump, taking pains to be sure the air used is pure. If in a stable, venti- late it well.
Attach a milking tube to the tubing of the pump, first dipping it in a carbolic solution (carbolic acid three teaspoons, water one pint). Wash each teat care- fully with this antiseptic, before inflat- ing it, so as to prevent infection. In- sert the milking tube carefully. Work slowly.
Of course the udder must not be in- flated unreasonably. After inflation, re- move the tube and leave the udder full of air for five to eight hours. Then the air may be worked out gently, and, if necessary, the inflation may be re- peated.
Cows so treated usually show marked signs of improvement within two hours.
ACTINOMYCOSIS (LUMP JAW) is a con- tagious disease due to a germ known as "Ray fungus." There are well-defined swellings about the jaw, head and throat, or may be on the tongue or in the lungs. These soften and open after a time and discharge matter; appetite good until well advanced. The treatment is, re- move by surgical means; late experi- ments indicate iodide of potash two to three drachms daily to be a cure. Ad- vanced cases should be killed at once. The meat should never be used for food.
MILK SICKNESS (TREMBLES) is a dis- ease of cattle communicable to man and other animals by use of meat or milk ; dry cattle most commonly and far more severely affected. Milch cows may trans- mit this disease through the use of their milk and yet show no trace of the dis- ease themselves. The symptoms are trembling upon least exertion as walk ing, great prostration and delirium. Treatment is only prevention; do not use pastures known to produce this dis- ease; unbroken land of certain districts unsafe.
RHEUMATISM is shown by hot, painful swellings at the joints, generally the hocks, stiffness in walking or may be unable to rise. Bathe joints with cam- phor and alcohol and give internally two drachms salicylate of soda every three hours until four ounces have been given ; keep warm and dry and give laxative food.
TEXAS FEVER, a disease of Southern cattle which, when transmitted to North- ern cattle, is generally fatal in a few days. The spread of the disease is gen- erally due to ticks; those from dis- eased animals contain the germs of the disease and by their bites transmit it. The indications are a high fever, stag- gering gait, urine of reddish brown to black, great prostration, unconsciousness, death. Most common in summer months; unknown in the north after heavy frost. Prevention, avoidance of cattle from Southern fever districts ; dipping of Southern cattle to destroy the ticks.
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CRAWFORD COUNTY
B. L. RYLAND
C. C. RYLAND
B. L. RYLAND & SON
DEALERS IN
Coal, Sewer Pipe, Building Blocks, Cement and Lime
BUCYRUS - -
- - OHIO
H. J. TRACHT
Walter Bauer
H. J. TRACHT & CO. Opera House Grocery Staple & Fancy Groceries Butter, Eggs and Vegetables a Specialty
Phone No. 5276 BUCYRUS, OHIO
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
Concrete
Concrete is made by mixing together Portland cement, sand and stone (or gravel). Various proportions of each are used, depending upon the use to which the concrete is put. About half an hour after mixing these materials together, the mass begins to stiffen, until, in from half a day to a day, it be- comes - so hard that you cannot dent it with the hand. By a month the mass is hard as stone-indeed, harder than most stones. The best way to buy cement is in cloth sacks. Manufacturers charge more for cement in cloth sacks, but allow a rebate for the return of the empty sacks. A bag of cement weighs 95 pounds, and four such bags make a barrel of .380 pounds.
It is important that your stock of cement be kept in a dry place. Once wet, it becomes hard and lumpy, and in such condition is useless. If, how- ever, the lumps are caused by pressure in the storehouse, the cement may be used with safety, Lumps thus formed can be easily broken by a blow from the back of a shovel.
In storing cement, throw wooden blocks on the floor. Place boards over them and pile the cement on the boards, covering the pile with a canvas or a piece of roofing paper. Never, under any circumstances, keep cement on the bare ground, or pile it directly against the outside walls of the building.
Do not use very fine sand. If there is a large quantity of fine sand handy, obtain a coarse sand and mix the two sands together in equal parts; this mix- ture is as good as coarse sand alone.
Sometimes fine sand must be used, be- cause no other can be obtained; but in such an event an additional amount of cement must be used-sometimes as much as double the amount ordinarily required. For example, in such a case, instead of using a concrete 1 part ce- ment, 21/2 parts sand and 5 parts stone, use a concrete 1 part cement, 11/4 parts sand and 21/2 parts stone.
Besides being coarse, the sand should be clean. The presence of dirt in the sand is easily ascertained by rubbing a little in the palm of the hand. If little is emptied into a pail of water, the presence of dirt will be shown by the' discoloration of the water. This can be discovered also by filling a fruit jar to the depth of 4 inches with sand and then adding water until it is within
an inch of the top. After the jar has been well shaken, the contents should be allowed to settle for a couple of hours. The sand will sink to the bottom, but the mud, which can be easily recognized by its color, will form a distinct layer on top of the sand, and above both will be a clear depth of water. If the layer of mud is more than one-half inch in thickness, the sand should not be used unless it is first washed.
To wash sand build a loose board platform from 10 to 15 feet long, with one end a foot higher than the other. On the lower end and on the sides nail a board 2 by 6 inches on edge to hold the sand. Spread the sand over this platform in a layer three or four inches thick, and wash it with a hose. The washing should be started at the high end and the water allowed to run through the sand and over the 2-by-6- inch piece at the bottom. A small quantity of clay or loam does not injure the sand, but any amount over 5 per cent. does.
Great care should be used in the selection of the stone or gravel. The pebbles should be closely inspected to see that there is no clay on their sur- face. A layer of such clay prevents the "binding" of the cement. If neces- sary, stone or gravel may be washed in the same way as above described for sand. Dust may be left in the crushed stone without fear of its inter- fering with the strength of the cement, but care should be taken to see that such dust is distributed evenly through the whole mass, and when dust is found in stone, slightly less sand should be used than ordinarily. As to the size of stone or gravel, this must be de- termined by the form of construction contemplated. For foundations or any large thick structure, use anything from 1/2 to 21/2 inches in diameter. For thin walls use 14 to 1-inch stone. The best results are obtained by the use of a mixture of sizes graded from small to large. By this means the spaces be- tween the stones or pebbles are reduced and a more compact concrete is ob- tained. Moreover, this method makes it possible to get along with less sand and less cement.
Water for concrete should be clean and free from strong acids and alkalies. It may be readily stored in a barrel
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CRAWFORD COUNTY
SING! LADIES, SING!
When using a Singer Machine sewing Troubles are over Call and see the Singer 66. The Sewing Machine without a shuttle
Sold on Easy Monthly Payments
Singer Sewing Machine Co.
We do Hemstitching VICTOR SEELOS Manager
114 W. Rensselaer St. Phone 5733
BUCYRUS, OHIO
J. J. TISCHLER Photographer
Bucyrus St.
CRESTLINE, OHIO
PROMPT PARTICULAR
WAIN'S SANITARY
Dry Cleaning Works
Phone 5953
238 S. Sandusky Ave. BUCYRUS, OHIO
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
beside the mixing board and placed on the concrete with a bucket.
If you are at all in doubt about the purity of the water that you contemplate using, it would be well to make up a block of concrete as a test, and see whether the cement "sets" properly.
For ordinary work a very satisfac- tory concrete mixture is 1 part of Port- land cement, 21/2 parts of clean sharp sand, 5 parts of broken stone. In heavy foundation work, the quantity of cement can be considerably less. The important thing is to have the sand and cement thoroughly mixed, and to use only clean sand. Use only as much water as necessary. It is not well to work con- crete in freezing weather.
Cold Storage Without Ice
Why not have a cold storage room somewhere on the farm? Winter apples may be kept in such a place until spring, thus avoiding the necessity of market- ing the fruit at unprofitable times. A Pennsylvania farmer has such a place built in one part of his barn-a double- walled, double-doored, paper-lined space wherein he stores many hundred bushel crates of selected fruit. He says that the main essentials are to keep out heat and frost from the room. On cool nights he leaves the doors open, shut- ting them again when the sun begins to warm things up in the morning-the idea being to use cold air instead of ice for reducing the room's temperature. He aims to get the temperature in the room as low as possible without freez- ing the apples, and then hold it there. Night air is cheaper than ice, he says, and about as good.
How to Make and Use a Fireless Cooker
A saver of time, fuel and labor is the fireless cook stove, which can be made at home, absolutely without ex- pense, and, though not adapted to all kinds of cooking, answers well for food that requires long, slow cooking to soften tissues, bring out flavors and conserve the juices, such as stews, pot roasts, soups, cereals, rice, tapioca, dried fruits, vegetables, etc. It consists of a kettle of agate or tin, inclosed in a box with insulating material between them to pre- vent the heat of the kettle from escap- ing. . Food brought to the boiling point over a fire, and inclosed, still boiling, continues to cook, This is the whole
principle. Choose a kettle with tight- fitting lid and a box large enough to allow six or eight inches of insulating material. Line the box, bottom, sides and hinged-on lid with stout packing paper, or several thicknesses of news- paper. Make a firm, cylindrical shape to fit easily around the kettle and fasten a circular bottom to it. This might be of asbestos paper, or paper soaked in alum water and dried. Then no matter how hot the kettle there would be no danger of scorching. Fill the bottom of the box with packing, which can be of cotton, wool, ground cork (in which im- ported grapes are packed and which grocers are usually willing to give away). Hay will answer, but does not pack so closely as these. Pack hard to a depth of three inches, place the cylinder, con- taining the kettle in the middle, and pack tightly around it, even with the top. The insulating material can be covered neatly with cloth, or a thin board with a round hole in the middle. A thick cushion will insulate the space between this and the lid, which must be fastened down tightly. If desired to cook several things at once it is best to have two or three such cookers, as the box should not be opened after the food is put in, except to reheat. Some persons prefer using a sort of double boiler, the inner kettle, containing the food, being placed in a larger one, partly filled with hot water. In this case the water in both kettles must be actually boiling. An additional vegetable can be put in the outside kettle, or water kept hot in it for dishwashing.
Ready-made cookers can be bought, but are rather expensive. Some of these will also bake and roast by means of thick disks of concrete which must be made very hot on the stove, then put under and over the kettle containing the food. The idea might be applied to the home-made cooker by heating soapstone griddles. These might be heated at the same time with a large iron pot. The meat or chicken, which should be sea- soned, can be put in a kettle, a hot disk put in the bottom of the pot, the kettle set on this; the other disk put on top, then put the lid on the pot and bury in the cooker. The pot, however, should be inclosed in asbestos paper to avoid pos- sible ignition. It would be interesting for each housekeeper to experiment and invent improvements on the central idea. The time required for cooking vegetables varies according to their age and fresh-
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CRAWFORD COUNTY
DRUG STORE WANTS
Everything in Drugs, Drug Sundries, Bulbs, Garden Seeds, Perfumes, Toilet Articles and Stationery
D. L. Van Fleet, The Rexall Everything that is Guaranteed we make Good 163 N. Seltzer St. CRESTLINE, OHIO
S. L. PRUDEN Cash or Credit New and Second Hand Furniture
Phone 5318
214 and 219 N. Sandusky Ave. BUCYRUS, OHIO
L
THE HOLCKER BROS. BUGGY CO.
CRESTLINE, OHIO
Dealers in
AUTOMOBILES
and Manufacturers of HIGH GRADE VEHICLES
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
ness, so only the approximate time neces- sary can be given. There is little danger of their being overdone, or at least in- jured by long cooking, and if under- done it is always possible to take out the kettle, reheat, and return to the cooker, or if needed quickly, to finish on the range.
It is not worth while to use the cooker for food that takes but a short time to cook, such as corn, spinach, young peas, asparagus, etc., since the water for these must be brought to the boil anyhow, they can as well be cooked on the stove. Do not place the kettle next the flame but always have a lid under it.
POTATOES
Five minutes over fire, an hour in the box. Potatoes must not be left overtime in box or they become watery.
RICE PUDDING
Mix together in the kettle 1/2 a cupful of rice, a quart of milk, a tablespoonful of butter, 1/2 a cupful, of sugar, a little salt and grated nutmeg. Boil on stove five minutes, in cooker six hours.
BREAD PUDDING
Soak 1/2 a pint of bread crumbs in a pint of milk, add a beaten egg, 2 table- spoonfuls of sugar and a pinch of salt. Beat with a spoon; heat on the stove till just short of boiling, stirring all the time. Put in the cooker an hour and serve with vanilla sauce.
CHICKEN FRICASSEE
Disjoint a chicken, roll in flour and brown in a little fat; as the pieces brown pack them in the kettle, and make some gravy in the skillet. Put this and a little water to cover the chicken. Boil twenty minutes, then put in cooker over night.
BOILED HAM
If wanted for 6 o'clock dinner, put ham weighing six pounds in kettle at 9 a. m. Cover with cold water and bring to a boil; boil briskly fifteen min- utes. Put the lid on the kettle when it begins to boil and don't take it off till it is taken out of the hay box, in which it should be put while still boil- ing. At 2 o'clock take out, boil up again, put in a few cloves and 2 or 3 peppercorns. At 5.30 take out, skin, put in a pan, fat side up, stick in a few cloves, sprinkle slightly with sugar and plentifully with bread crumbs and bake in the oven till well done.
ONIONS
Of moderate size, boiled ten minutes on the range, should be tender after four hours in cooker.
STRING BEANS
Cut off the strings and slice down the middle; give five minutes over the fire, four hours in cooker.
CAULIFLOWER AND YOUNG CABBAGE
Five minutes over fire, five hours in cooker.
Cereals started over the fire at sup- per time and placed in the box should be ready for breakfast with just re- heating. Half a cupful of cereal poured into three cupfuls of boiling water, with a teaspoonful of salt is about the pro- portion.
A fireless cooker can be used for things to be kept cold as well as hot. Ice cream, if frozen, then packed in a kettle with ice and sunk in the box will not melt, and butter if put in it cool and hard will keep in the same condition, as the air is practically excluded.
BOSTON BAKED BEANS
Soak 2 cupfuls of beans in cold water a whole day. At supper time drain, cover with fresh water, put over the fire and simmer slowly for half an hour ; pour off the water, scrape a 14 pound of salt pork, cut off a slice and push it down through the beans to the bottom of the pail; score the rest and put, rind side up, in middle of the beans. Mix a teaspoonful of salt, a tablespoon- ful each of sugar and molasses, just a dust of mustard, a half teaspoonful of baking soda and a cupful of boiling water. Add enough more water to come to the top of the beans. Cover, and boil ten minutes; then put in cooker. In the morning reheat for ten minutes, re- turn to the box and about half past five in the afternoon take out, sprinkle a tablespoonful of sugar over the top, leave off the cover, put in hot oven for half an hour.
POT ROAST
Season the meat with salt and pepper, brown on all sides over a flame, and put in a stone jar, dry, no water whatever. Cover tightly. Put the jar in a kettle of hot water. Boil fifteen or twenty minutes. Place in a cooker for six hours. Even tough meat becomes tender and the juice at the bottom is very rich.
135
PLANTING TABLE FOR VEGETABLES AND BERRIES
-
L
VARIETY
For Horse Cultivation Have Rows
For Hoe or Wheel- Hoe Cultivation Have Rows
Distance Apart in the Row
Depth to Cover
Time to Plant in the North, Outdoors (See Foot-note)
ASPARAGUS, Seed ASPARAGUS, Plants
21/2 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
3 in. transplant in 1 year 1 in. 2 ft.
5 or 6 in. 2 in.
March-April March-April May 10-15 May 20-25
BEET
21/2 ft. apart .. 8 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in. 2 ft.
1 in.
March-April April. Or in the fall
BLACKBERRY, Plants CABBAGE and CAULI- FLOWER, Plants ...
212 ft. apart
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