USA > Ohio > Historical collections of Ohio, containing a collection of the most interesting facts, traditions, biographical sketches, anecdotes, etc., relating to its general and local history : with descriptions of its counties, principal towns, and villages > Part 89
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MIAMI COUNTY. 24,957.
Spring Creek, 1,273: Rossville, 113: Huntersville, 227: Washington, 982: Piqua, 3,280: Newberry, 1,690: Covington, 451: Clayton, 76: Brown, 1,379: Elizabeth, 1,433: Staunton, 1,453: Lost Creek, 1,455: Bethel, 1,656: Concord, 1,448: Troy, 1,956: Monroe, 2,014: Union, 2,255: Milton, 369: Newton, 1,447.
MONROE COUNTY. 28,367.
Switzerland, 1,215: Sunsbury, 1,532: Stock, 1,107: Carlisle, 116: Enoch, 1,438: Elk, 956: Bethel, 1,028: Malaga, 1,561: Malaga, 138: Miltonsburg, 145: Seneca, 1,841: Calais, 96: Summerfield, 153: Union, 1,930: Ohio, 1,443: Bearsville, 103: Sardis, 118: Perry, 1,460: Antioch, 107: Salem, 1,311: Clarington, 341: Wayne, 1,177: Washington, 944: Adams, 1,182: Center, 2,551 : Woodsfield, 395: Franklin, 1,590: Greene, 1,226: Jackson, 1,163.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 38,217.
Dayton City, 10,976: Washington, 1,826: Miami, 3,456: Van Buren, 1,401: Mad River, 1,464: Wayne, 1,090: Butler, 1,974: Harrison, 2,059: German, 2,789: Jackson, 2,012: Randolph, 1,883: Jefferson, 1,808: Madison, 1,668: Clay, 1,905: Perry, 1,906.
MORGAN COUNTY. 28,593.
Malta, 1,302: Malta, 530: Penn, 1,370: Marion, 1,764: Windsor, 1,593: Union, 1,795: Deerfield, 1,325: Morgan, 650: McConnelsville, 1,660: Olive, 2,015: Jackson, 1,249: Center, 1,439: Meigsville, 1,512: Bristol, 1,725: Homer, 1,590: York, 1,207: Bloom, 1,346: Noble, 1,702: Manchester, 1,337: Brookfield, 1482.
MORROW COUNTY. 20,240.
Washington, 1,137: Canaan, 1,223: Cardington, 1,358: Bloomfield, 1,443: Troy, 640: Perry, 1,150: Chester, 1,620: Congress, 1,651: Franklin, 1,456: Gilead, 1,680: South Bloomfield, 1,395: Westfield, 1,414: Lincoln, 891: Harmony, 1,041: Bennington, 1,265: Peru, 876.
MUSKINGUM COUNTY. 45,053.
Jackson, 1,232: Licking, 1,434: Rich Hill, 1,495: Meigs, 1,680: Springfield, 1,302: Putnam, 1,674: Harrison, 1,534: Brush Creek, 1,392: Clay, 653: Blue Rock, 1,476: New- ton, 2,356: Uniontown, 340: Perry, 1,038: Washington, 1,380: Salt Creek, 1,215: Wayne, 1,244: Duncan's Falls, 196: Highland, 956: Union, 902: Norwich, 324: New Concord, 334: Adams, 998: Falls, 2,124: Hopewell, 2,378: Jefferson, 1,377: Dresden, 1,445: Madi- son, 1,047: Monroe, 978: Muskingum, 1,509: Salem, 111: Zanesville, 7,929.
OTTAWA COUNTY. 3,310.
Clay, 293: Benton, 54: Harris, 407: Salem, 187: Erie, 292: Carroll, 403: Portage, 377: Port Clinton, 249: Bay, 359: Danbury, 503: Van Rensselear, 186.
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123:
606
CENSUS OF OHIO FOR 1850.
PAULDING COUNTY. 1,766.
Jackson, 58: Benton, 61: Harrison, 62: Washington, 155: Brown, 366 Auglaize, 304: Crane, 287: Carryall, 471.
PERRY COUNTY. 20,774.
Monroe, 1,429: Saltlick, 1,747: Bearfield, 1,710: Monday Creek, 1,124: Reading, 2,744: Somerset, 1,240: Madison, 991: Hopewell, 1,386: Thorn, 1,890: Clayton, 1,554: Harrison, 1,073: Jackson, 1,740: Pike, 2,146.
PICKAWAY COUNTY. 21,110
Circleville, 431: Circleville, 3,411: Salt Creek, 1,332: Fulton, 514: Pickaway, 1,425: Walnut, 1,840: Madison, 885: Harrison, 1,176: Scioto, 1,347: Darby, 1,166: Monroe, 1640: Jackson, 1,041: Wayne, 644: Deer Creek, 1,354: Perry, 1,120: Muhlenburg, 585: Washington, 1,199.
PIKE COUNTY. 10,955.
Marion, 900: Union, 564: Beaver, 520: Seal, 1,521: Piketon, 690: Jackson, 1,351: Sharon, 114: Pee Pee, 643: Waverly, 678: Newton, 386: Jasper, 75: Camp Creek, 390: Sunfish, 371: Pebble, 914: Benton, 639: Perry, 519: Cynthiana, 134: Mifflin, 546.
PORTAGE COUNTY. 24,387.
Brimfield, 1,015: Suffield, 1,275: Randolph, 1,730: Paris, 1,019: Windham, 813: Frank- lin, 1,750: Ravenna, 2,239: Streetsborough, 1,108: Aurora, 823: Shalersville, 1,190: Mantua, 1,139: Hiram, 1,106: Nelson, 1,383: Rootstown, 1,308: Charlestown, 809: Freedom, 996; Atwater, 1,119; Deerfield, 1,371; Palmyra, 1,093; Edinburg, 1,101.
PREBLE COUNTY. 21,748.
Washington, 1,758; Eaton, 1,302; Jasper, 908; Somers, 2,085; Lanier, 1,694; Gratis, 2,117; Dixon, 1,192; Israel, 1,641; Monroe, 1,344; Harrison, 2,094; Twin, 1,950; Jack- son, 1,405; Jefferson, 2,258.
PUTNAM COUNTY. 7,221.
Van Buren, 172; Blanchard, 1,395; Riley, 849; Pleasant, 714; Ottawa, 1,166; Liberty, 322; Greensburg, 634; Union, 515; Sugar Creek, 550; Jennings, 557; Perry, 262; Mon- terey, 85.
RICHLAND COUNTY. 30,877.
Sharon, 1,949; Springfield, 2,100; Jackson, 1092; Sandusky, 617; Jefferson, 2,564; Perry, 923; Troy, 1,542; Washington, 1,914; Bloomingrove, 1,430; Plymouth, 1,664; Butler, 1,139; Weller, 1,290; Cass, 1,430; Mifflin, 1,104; Franklin, 1,257; Worthington, 2,006; Monroe, 1,720; Madison, 1,579; Mansfield, 3,557.
ROSS COUNTY. 32,084.
Scioto, 1,596; Chillicothe, 7,098; Union, 2,666; Deerfield, 1,315; Concord, 2,672; Buck- skin, 2,104; Greene, 1,995; Colerain, 1,408; Harrison, 878; Springfield, 1,162; Liberty, 1,126; Jefferson, 845; Franklin, 642; Huntington, 1,659; Twin, 2,239; Paxton, 1,556; Paint, 1,123.
SANDUSKY COUNTY. 14,529.
Sandusky, 1,138; Fremont, 1,492; Riley, 682; Green Creek, 1,288; Ballville, 1,556; York, 1,811; Townsend, 969; Rice, 483; Washington, 1,499; Madison, 557; Woodville, 1,069; Jackson, 1,092; Scott, 793.
SCIOTO COUNTY. 18,729.
Wayne, 219; Portsmouth, 4,011; Harrison, 1,102; Bloom, 1,648; Porter, 1,674; Green, 2,545; Clay, 872; Jefferson, 840; Madison, 1,367; Vernon, 1,105; Washington, 706; Morgan, 280; Union, 705; Brush Creek, 652; Nile, 1,003.
SENECA COUNTY. 27,105.
Reed, 1,494; Venice, 1,830; Thompson, 1,668; Adams, 1,416; Bloom, 1,743; Clinton, 1,668; Tiffin, 2,728; Jackson, 996; Pleasant, 1,592; Big Spring, 1,932; Eden, 1,584; Hopewell, 1,288; Louden, 1,781; Liberty, 1,400; Scipio, 2,323; Seneca, 1,662.
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607
CENSUS OF OHIO FOR 1850.
SHELBY COUNTY. 13,956.
Loramie, 1,049; Orange, 922; McLean, 775; Dinsmore, 701; Washington, 1,261; Tur- tle Creek, 792; Perry, 899; Clinton, 762; Sidney, 1,302; Franklin, 788; Van Buren, 629; Green, 1,078; Cynthean, 797; Salem, 1,496; Jackson, 705.
STARK COUNTY. 39,888.
Plain, 2,211; Lake, 1,732; Greentown, 251; Union, 245; Washington, 2,066; Lexing- ton, 1,996; Marlborough, 2,133; Paris, 2,740; Osnaburg, 2,227; Nimishillin, 2,587; Canton, 1,722; Canton, 2,604: Lawrence, 2,292: Tuscarawas, 2,041: Pike, 1447: Sandy, 1,273 Sugar Creek, 1,743: Jackson, 1,512: Perry and Massillon, 4,668: Bethlehem, 2,398.
SUMMIT COUNTY. 27,481.
Richfield, 1,262: Bath, 1,400: Copley, 1,541: Northampton, 1,147: Boston, 1,180: Northfield, 1,474: Twinsburg, 1,281: Portage, 1,160: Akron, 3,266: Hudson, 1,457: Stow, 1,702: Talmadge, 2,456: Coventry, 1,300: Springfield, 1,907: Norton, 1,346: Franklin, 1,674: Green, 1,928.
TRUMBULL COUNTY. 30,540.
Hartford, 1,258: Fowler, 1,089: Vienna, 1,007: Bazetta, 1,302: Howland, 919: War- ren, 2.957: Braceville, 956: Champion, 1,070: Southington, 1,013: Farmington, 1,283: Mesopotamia, 959: Bloomfield, 789: Bristol, 1,124: Kinsman, 1,005: Vernon, 828: Gus- tavus, 1,226: Johnson, 1,099: Mecca, 872: Greene, 959: Newton, 1,678: Lordstown, 1,379: Weathersfield, 1,717: Liberty, 1,328: Hubbard, 1,272: Brookfield, 1,451. mn
TUSCARAWAS COUNTY. 31,732.
Goshen, 1,482: N. Philadelphia, 1,415: Lockport, 178: Fairfield, 874: Oxford, 959: New Comerstown, 476: Salem, 1,584: Port Washington, 269: Mill, 934: Uricksville, 577: Union, 944: Warren, 937: New Cumberland, 203: Sandy, 1,005: Sandyville, 223: Law- rence, 917: Bolivar, 302: Zoar, 249: Sugar Creek, 1,018: Shanesville, 382: Wayne, 2,233: Strausburg, 109: York, 1,304: Auburn, 1,246: Bucks, 1,326: Jefferson, 1,058: Warwick, 1,195: Dover, 3,252: Rush, 1,332: Clay, 1,261: Perry, 1,396: Washington, 1,092.
UNION COUNTY. 12,205.
Jackson, 436; Claibourn, 919; Leesburg, 701; York, 831; Paris, 982; Marysville, 605; Dover, 700; Liberty, 1,258; Taylor, 400; Washington, 333; Union, 994; Millford Center, 211; Allen, 979; Darby 881; Jerome, 1,249; Mill Creek, 726.
VANWERT COUNTY. 4,793.
Washington, 355; Section Ten, 402; Willshire, 906; Willshire, 147; Pleasant, 349; Vanwert, 270; Hoaglin, 125; Union, 84; Tully, 242; Harrison, 513; Liberty, 424; York, 375; Ridge, 400; Jennings, 201.
VINTON COUNTY. 9,353.
Elk, 1,221; McArthurstown, 424; Brown, 648; Clinton, 886; Vinton, 460; Richland, 1,193; Harrison, 580; Wilksville, 1,037; Eagle, 476; Jackson, 835; Swan, 1,154; North Brown, 439.
WARREN COUNTY. 25,560.
Union, 1,712; Turtle Creek, 3,342; Lebanon, 2,088; Deerfield, 1,863; Hamilton, 2,068; Salem, 3,525; Washington, 1,566; Clear Creek, 2,770; Franklin, 2,542; Wayne, 4081.
WASHINGTON COUNTY. 29,512.
Lawrence, 814; Newport, 1,427; Grandview, 1,154; Independence, 728; Adams, 1,293; Union, 1,165; Jolly, 1,014; Ludlow, 1,051; Waterford, 1,693; Aurelius, 1,251; Barlow, 1,062; Salem, 1,246; Liberty, 1,224; Belpre, 1,623; Fearing, 1,254; Decatur, 807; Warren, 1,462; Westley, 1,561; Watertown, 1,374; Roxbury, 1,098; Marietta, 1,069; Marietta, 3,133; Harmar, 1,006.
WAYNE COUNTY. 33,045.
Greene, 2,059; East Union, 1,940; Wooster, 1,283; Wooster, 2,797; Wayne, 2,079; Congress, 2,341; Chester, 2,335; Plain, 2,375; Canaan, 1,923; Clinton, 1,121; Franklin, 1,450; Paint, 1,627; Sugar Creek, 2,321; Salt Creek, 1,670; Chippewa, 2,637; Milton, 1,360; Baughman, 1,727.
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608
CENSUS OF OHIO FOR 1850.
WILLIAMS COUNTY. 8,018.
Center, 882; St. Joseph, 589; Pulaski, 760; Springfield, 782; Brady, 1,128; Jefferson. 1,016; Mill Creek, 408; Madison, 225; Superior, 723; Bridgewater, 493; Northwest, 343; Florence, 669.
WOOD COUNTY. 9,165.
Webster, 237; Weston, 546; Middleton, 331; Washington, 504; Plain, 592; Center, 357; Portage, 405; Bloom, 659; Milton, 244; Henry, 321; Jackson, 74; Liberty, 237; Perrysburg, 581; Perrysburg, 1,199; Freedom, 454; Troy, 559; Lake, 152; Montgom- ery, 924; Perry, 889.
WYANDOT COUNTY. 11,169.
Marseilles, 539; Crane, 761; Up. Sandusky, 783; Mifflin, 570; Salem, 738; Eden, 643; Antrim, 756; Pitt, 886; Richland, 599; Ridge, 501; Sycamore, 880; Tymochtee, 1,817; Crawford, 1,301; Jackson, 395.
NEW COUNTIES.
AUGLAIZE COUNTY was created February 14th, 1848, from Allen and Mer- cer Counties. St. Mary's (see page 353), and Wapakoneta (see page 29), are the principal villages, and the first named the county seat. For its townships, and their population in 1850, see page 600.
MORROW COUNTY was formed February 24th, 1848, from Richland, Knox, Delaware, and Marion Counties. Mt. Gilead (see page 344), is the county seat. See page 605, for a list of its townships and their population.
FULTON COUNTY was formed February 28th, 1850, from Lucas, Henry and Williams Counties. A list of its townships, and their population, are given on page 602.
VINTON COUNTY was formed March 23d, 1850, from Gallia, Athens, Hock- ing, Ross, and Jackson Counties. Its townships, and their populations for 1850, are given on page 607. M'Arthurstown is the county seat.
NOBLE COUNTY was formed from Guernsey, Monroe, Washington, and Mor- gan Counties, in March, 1851.
CONSTITUTION
OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
( ADOPTED JUNE 1851. )
WE, the people of the State of Ohio, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom, to secure its blessings and promote our common welfare, do establish this Constitution.
ARTICLE I.
BILL OF RIGHTS.
SECTION 1. All men are, by nature, free and independent, and have certain inalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and seeking and obtaining happiness and safety.
SEC. 2. All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for their equal protection and benefit, and they have the right to alter, reform, or abolish the same, whenever they may deem it necessary; and no special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted, that may not be altered, revoked, or repealed by the General Assembly.
SEC. 3. The people have the right to assemble together, in a peaceable manner, to consult for their common good, to instruct their Representatives, and to petition the General Assembly for the redress of grievances.
SEC. 4. The people have the right to bear arms for their defense and security; but standing armies, in time of peace, are dangerous to liberty, and shall not be kept up; and the military shall be in strict subordi- nation to the civil power.
SEC. 5. The right of trial by jury shall be inviolate.
SEC. 6 There shall be no slavery in this State; nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime.
SEC. 7. All men have a natural and indefeasible right to worship Almighty God according to the dic- tates of their own conscience. No person shall be compelled to attend, erect, or support any place of worship or maintain any form of worship, against his consent; and no preference shall be given, by law, to any religious society ; nor shall any interference with the rights of conscience be permitted. No religious test shall be required as a qualification for office, nor shall any person be incompetent to be a witness on account of his religious belief; but nothing herein shall be construed to dispense with oaths and affirmations. Religion, morality and knowledge, however, being essential to good government, it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to pass suitable laws, to protect every religious denomination in the peaceable enjoyment of its own mode of public worship, and to encourage schools, and the means of instruction.
SEC. 8. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety require it.
SEC. 9. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses where the proof is evident, or the presumption great .- Excessive bail shall not be required ; nor excessive fines imposed ; nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
SEc. 10. Except in cases of impeachment and cases arising in the army and navy, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war, or public danger, and in cases of petit larceny and other inferior offenses, no person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on present- ment or indictment of a grand jury. In any trial, in any court, the party accused shall be allowed to appear and defend in person and with counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, and to have a copy thereof ; to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to procure the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense is alleged to have been committed; nor shall any person be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, or be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense.
SEC. 11. Every citizen may freely speak, write, and publish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of the right; and no law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or of the press. In all criminal prosecutions for libel, the truth may be given in evidence to the jury, and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libellous is true, and was published with good motives and for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted.
SEc. 12. No person shall be transported out of the State, for any offense committed within the same ; and no conviction shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture of estate.
SEC. 13. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner; nor, in time of war, except in the manner prescribed by law.
Snc. 14. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and possessions, against
609
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610
CONSTITUTION OF OHIO.
unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated ; and no warrant shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person and things 10 be seized.
SEC. 15. No person shall be imprisoned for debt in any civil action, on mesne or final process, unless in cases of fraud.
SEC. 16. All courts shall be open, and every person, for an injury done him in his land, goods, person, or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law; and justice administered without denial or delay.
SEC. 17. No hereditary emoluments, honors, or privileges, shall ever be granted or conferred by this State.
SEC. 18. No power of suspending laws shall ever be exercised, except by the General Assembly.
SEC. 19. Private property shall ever be held inviolate, but. subservient to the public welfare. When taken in time of war, or other public exigency, imperatively requiring its immediate seizure, or for the purpose of making or repairing roads, which shall be open to the public, without charge, a compensation shall be made to the owner, in money; and in all other cases, where private property shall be taken for public use, a compensation therefor shall first be made in money, or first seenred by a deposit of money; and such compensation shall be assessed by a jury, without deduction for benefits to any property of the owner.
SEC. 20. This enumeration of rights "shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people ; and all powers, not herein delegated, remain with the people
ARTICLE II.
LEGISLATIVE.
SECTION. 1. The Legislative power of this State shall be vested in a General Assembly, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
SEC. 2. Senators and Representatives shall be elected biennially, by the electors in the respective counties or districts, on the second Tuesday of October ; their term of office shall commence on the first day of January next thereafter and continue two years.
SEC. 3. Senators and Representatives shall have resided in their respective counties, or districts, one year next preceding their election, unless they shall have been absent on the public business of the United States, or of this State.
SEC. 4. No person holding office under the authority of the United States, or any lucrative office under the authority of this State, shall be eligible to, or have a seat in, the General Assembly; but this provision shall not extend to township officers, justices of the peace, notaries public, or officers of the militia.
SEC. 5. No person hereafter convicted of an embezzlement of the public funds shall hold any office in this State ; nor shall any person, holding public money for disbursement or otherwise, have a seat in the General Assembly, until he shall have accounted for and paid such money into the treasury.
SEC. 6. Each House shall be judge of the election, returns, and qualifications, of its own members a majority of all the members elected to each House, shall be a quorum to do business ; but, a less number may adjourn from day to day, and compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as shall be prescribed by law.
SEC. 7. The mode of organizing the House of Representatives, at the commencement of each regular session, shall be prescribed by law.
SEC. 8. Each House, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, shall choose its own officers, may determine its own rules of proceeding, punish its members for disorderly conduct ; and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member, but not the second time for the same cause ; and shall have all other powers necessary to provide for its safety, and the undisturbed transaction of its business.
SEC. 9. Each House shall keep a correct journal of its proceedings, which shall be published. At the desire of any two members, the yeas and nays shall be entered upon the journal ; and on the passage of every bill, in either House, the vote shall be taken by yeas and nays, and entered upon the journal ; and no law shall be passed, in either House, without the concurrence of a majority of all the members elected thereto.
SEC. 10. Any member of either House shall have the right to protest against, any act, or resolution thereof ; and such protest, and the reasons therefor, shall, without alteration, commitment, or delay, be entered upon the journal.
SEC. 11. All vacancies which may happen in either House shall, for the unexpired term, be filled by election, as shall be directed by law.
SEC. 12. Senators and Representatives, during the session of the General Assembly, and in going to and returning from the same ; shall be privileged from arrest, in all cases, except treason, felony, or breach of the peace ; and for any speech, or debate, in either House, they shall not be questioned else- where.
SEC. 13. The proceedings of both Houses shall be public, except in cases which, in the opinion of two- thirds of those present, require secrecy.
SEC. 14. Neither House shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than two days, Sun- days excluded ; nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be in session.
SEC. 15. Bills may originate in either House, but may be altered, amended, or rejected in the other.
Sec. 16. Every bill shall be fully and distinctly read, on three different days, unless, in case of urgency, three-fourths of the House in which it shall be pending, shall dispense with this rule. No bill shall con- tain more than one subject, which shall be clearly expressed in its title ; and no law shall be revived, or amended, unless the new act contain the entire act revived, or the section or sections amended, and the section, or sections, so amended, shall be repealed.
SEC. 17. The presiding officer of each House shall sign, publicly, in the presence of the House over which he presides, while the same is in session, and capable of transacting business, all bills and joint resolutions passed by the General Assembly.
SEC. 18. The style of the laws of this State shall be " Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio."
SEC. 19. No Senator or Representative shall, during the term for which he shall have been elected, or for one year thereafter, be appointed to any civil office under this State, which shall be created, or the emoluments of which shall have been increased, during the term for which he shall have been elected.
611
CONSTITUTION.
SBC. 20. The General Assembly, in cases not provided for in this Constitution, shall fix the term of office, and the compensation of all officers ; but no change therein shall affect the salary of any officer during his existing term, unless the office be abolished.
SEC. 21. The General Assembly shall determine, by law, before what authority, and in what manner, the trial of contested elections shall be conducted.
SEC. 22. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, except in pursuance of a specific appropriation, made by law ; and no appropriation shall be made for a longer period than two years.
SEC. 23. The House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment, but a majority of the members elected must concur therein. Impeachments shall be tried by the Senate ; and the Sena- tors, when sitting for that purpose, shall be upon oath or affirmation to do justice according to law and evidence. No person shall be convicted, without the concurrence of two-thirds of the Senators.
SEC. 24. The Governor, Judges, and all State officers, may be .impeached for any misdemeanor in office ; hut. judgment shall not extend further than removal from office, and disqualification to hold any office under the authority of this State. The party impeached, whether convicted or not, shall be liable to indictment, trial, and judgment, according to law.
SEC. 25. All regular sessions of the General Assembly shall commence on the first Monday of January, biennially. The first session, under this constitution, shall commence on the first Monday of January, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
SEC. 26. All laws of a general nature, shall have a uniform operation throughout the State ; nor shall any act, except such as relates to public schools, be passed, to take effect upon the approval of any other authority than the General Assembly, except, as otherwise provided in this constitution.
SEC. 27. The election and appointment of all officers, and the filling of all vacancies, not otherwise provided for by this constitution, or the constitution of the United States, shall be made in such manner as may be directed by law ; but no appointing power shall be exercised by the General Assembly, except as prescribed in this constitution, and in the election of United States Senators ; and in these cases the vote shall be taken " viva voce."
SEC. 28. The General Assembly shall have no power to pass, retro-active laws, or laws impairing the obligation of contracts ; but may, by general laws, authorize courts to carry into effect, upon such terms as shall be just and equitable, the manifest intention of parties, and officers, by curing omissions, defects, and errors in instruments and proceedings, arising out of their want of conformity with the laws of this State.
SEC. 29. No extra compensation shall be made to any officer, public agent, or contractor, after the service shall have been rendered, or the contract entered into ; nor, shall any money be paid, on any claim, the subject matter of which shall not have heen provided for by pre-existing law, unless such compensation, or claim, be allowed by two-thirds of the members elected to each branch of the General Assembly. ..
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