Historical collections of Ohio in two volumes, an encyclopedia of the state, Volume II, Part 20

Author: Howe, Henry, 1816-1893
Publication date: 1907
Publisher: Cincinnati : Published by the state of Ohio
Number of Pages: 916

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In August, 1814, several letters were published in the National Intelligencer, from Col. McKee to Col. England, the British commandant at Detroit during the campaign of Wayne, the originals of which, the editor stated, were then in his possession. McKee was at this time superintendent of the Indians under his majesty. Some brief extracts below pile up the evidence already adduced of his hostility, and that of the English, to the Americans :

Rapids, July 5, 1794. SIR :- I send this by a party of Saginas, who returned yesterday from Fort Recovery, where the whole body of the Indians, except the Delawares, who had gone another route, imprudently attacked the fort on Monday, the 30th of last month. Everything had been settled prior to their leaving the Fallen Timber, and it had been agreed upon to confine themselves to taking convoys and attacking at a distance from the forts, if they should have the address to entice the enemy out.

Rapids, Aug. 13, 1794. SIR :- I was honored last night with your lettter of the 11th, and am extremely glad to find you making such exertions to supply the Indians with provisions. . .. Scouts are sent up to view the situation of the army [Wayne's,] and WE now muster 1,000 Indians. All the Lake Indians, from Sagina downwards, should not lose one moment in joining their brethren, as every accession of strength is an addition to their spirits.

Maumee City in 1846 .- Maumee City, the county-seat, is one hundred and twenty-four miles northwest of Columbus, and eight miles south of Toledo. It was laid out under the name of Maumee in 1817, by Maj. Wm. Oliver and others within what had been the reservation of twelve miles square, at the foot of the rapids of the Maumee, granted to the Indians at the treaty of Greenville, in 1795. The town is situated at the head of navigation on the Maumee, and on the Wabash and Erie canal, opposite Perrysburg and Fort Meigs.

The river banks upon which Maumee City and its neighbor, Perrysburg, stand, are elevated near one hundred feet above the water level. Both banks, at this point, curve gracefully inward, while the river above and below is somewhat con- tracted, thus forming a vast amphitheatre of about two miles in length and nearly one in breadth, while a beautiful cultivated island of two hundred acres, and

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several small islets embosomed in its centre, enhance a scene rich in picturesque effect.

From a very early day this was a favorite point with the Indians. As early as 1680 the French had a trading station just below the town, where, later in the spring of 1794, was built the British fort Miami, the ruins of which are still conspicuous. Part of Wayne's battle was within the limits of the town ; the action commenced two or three miles south. At that point, by the road-side, is a noted rock of several tous weight, near the foot of Presque Isle Hill, where it is said an Indian chief, named Turkey Foot, rallied a few of his men and stood upon it fighting until his strength becoming exhausted from loss of blood, he fell and breathed his last. Upon it have been carved by the Indians representations of turkeys' feet, now plainly to be seen, and it is said "the early settlers of and travellers through the Maumee valley usually found small pieces of tobacco de- posited on this rock, which had been placed there by the Indians as devotional acts by way of sacrifice, to appease the indignant spirit of the departed hero." During the siege of Fort Meigs, in the late war, the British encamped below the town, and erected several batteries within it, which played upon the American fort. These having been stormed and taken by Col. Dudley, on the 5th of May, 1813, that officer pushed his victory too far, and was, in turn, attacked by the enemy, who had been reinforced from below, and defeated with great slaughter on the site of the town. (See Wood County.)

The view of Maumee City, taken from the site of Fort Meigs, shows in front Maumee river and the bridge ; beyond, on the left, the canal ; and on the summit of the hill a small portion of the town, which is much scattered. On the right is seen the Presbyterian church, on the left the Methodist, and between, the Cath- olic; the Episcopal church does not appear in this view. Maumee City is a thriving town, and has an extensive water-power, which, if fully improved, would be sufficient for 250 runs of stone. It now contains sixteen dry-goods, eight grocery and three drug-stores ; one or two newspaper printing-offices ; four flour- ing, one oil and two saw-mills ; one pail factory, one tannery, a wool-carding and cloth-dressing establishment, and had, in 1840, 840 inhabitants, since which it has much increased. A number of vessels, steamboats, propellers and canal boats, have been built here. A spirit of rivalry exists between the towns at the foot of the rapids, Maumee City and Perrysburg, with Toledo. While the latter has outstripped them in prosperity, there is, perhaps, but little question that if the navigation of the river was improved, Maumee City and Perrysburg would draw to themselves a vast accession of business, and be important points for the ship- ment and transshipment of freight. The Maumee is navigable, in its present con- dition, for steamboats and schooners drawing seven feet of water ; but since the construction of boats of a heavier draught, it is necessary that an improvement, by excavating the channel along what is called "the rock bar," should be made. This bar, which is of blue limestone, commences about a mile and a half below Perrysburg. At a common stage the water upon it is about six and a half feet deep. To open a clear and unobstructed channel upon it for the largest lake boats, it has been estimated, would cost about $30,000. Government has fre- quently but ineffectually been petitioned to make this improvement .- Old Edition.

MAUMEE (formerly Sonth Toledo) is nine miles southwest of Toledo, on the Maumee river, Miami & Erie Canal and W. St. L. & P. and T. St. L. & K. C. Railroads. City officers, 1888 : James M. Wolcott, Mayor; Frank D. Crain, Clerk ; John A. Mollenkopf, Treasurer ; Philip Hartman, Marshal. Newspaper : New Era, Frank D. Crain, editor and publisher. Churches : one Presbyterian, two Methodist, one Catholic. Bank : Union Deposit, R. B. Mitchell, president, J. Henry Wyman, cashier. Population, 1880, 1,780. School census, 1888, 592. United States census, 1890, 1,645.

WAYNE'S BATTLE-GROUND.

The view shows on the left Maumee River; in front Presque Isle Hill ; on the right by the road- side where the figures are standing is the noted Turkey Foot Rock.

Drawn by Henry Howe in 1846.

HARBOR OF TOLEDO.

Drawn by Henry Howe in 1846.

MAUMEE CITY FROM FORT MEIGS.

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TOLEDO IN 1846 AND HISTORY TO THAT DATE.

TOLEDO is on the left bank of the Maumee river, and on the Wabash & Erie Canal, 134 miles northwest of Columbus, 246 by canal north of Cincinnati, about fifty south of Detroit, about 100 west of Cleveland, and thirty-three miles from Adrian, Michigan, where a railroad from Toledo intersects with the Southern Michigan Railroad. Toledo stretches along the river bank for more than a mile, and has two points at which business concentrates, called respectively the upper and the lower landing. It was originally two distinct settlements-the upper, Port Lawrence, the lower, Vistula. Between these two points Toledo is thinly settled ; but at them, and particularly at the upper, the stores, warehouses and dwellings are densely packed together. The view of the harbor from the upper landing is very fine-the eye takes in a distance of several miles of the river, bounded by well-defined projecting headlands, and often showing a large number of sails, presenting not only a scene of beauty, but evidence of the extensive commerce of which this place is the centre.

Toledo covers the site of a stockade fort, called Fort Industry, erected about the year 1800, near what is now Summit street. A treaty was held in this fort with the Indians, July 4, 1805, by which the Indian title to the "fire-lands " was ex- tingnished. Charles Jonet was United States Commissioner, and the Ottawa, Chippewa, Pottawatomie, Wyandot, Shawanee, Munsee and Delaware tribes represented by their respective chiefs. The insignificant settlements of Port Lawrence and Vistula were later formed, and have now lost their identity in Toledo, the history, present condition and prospects of which we annex, in a communication from a gentleman of the place.

In the summer of 1832, under the impetus given it by Captain Samuel Allen, from Lock- port, N. Y., and Maj. Stickney, Vistula made quite a noise as a promising place for a town. People from various quarters were met by the writer in June of that year at the resi- dence of Major Stickney. All seemed san- guine of a sudden and large growth for the new town, and many made purchases in and about it. At the same time arrangements were being made by Major Oliver and Mica- jah T. Williams, of Cincinnati, with Daniel O. Comstock and Stephen B. Comstock, brothers, from Lockport, for the resuscitation of Port Lawrence, at the mouth of Swan creek. The Comstocks took an interest, and became the agents for the Port Lawrence property, now known as Upper Toledo. No sales of any importance were made before 1833. In Vistula the first store was started by Mr. E. Briggs ; W. J. Daniels, now a leading man, was his clerk. Soon after Flagg & Bissell opened a more extensive store of goods-probably the first good assortment for the use of white people. In 1833 not much progress was made toward building a town in Vistula or Port Lawrence. In the latter the first Toledo steamer was built, and called the "Detroit." She was of 120 tons, and commanded by Captain Baldwin, son of a sea captain of that name, who was one of the earliest settlers of Port Lawrence. The best lots in Port Lawrence, sixty feet front by 120 deep, were offered by Stephen B. Comstock for $50, coupled with a condition to make some little improvements. Four of these lots, if they were now not built upon, would sell for $5,000 each. Three of them

are nearly covered by three-story brick build- ings, and form the centre of business of Toledo. They are corners on Monroe and Summit streets.

In 1834 speculation in lots began, and with slight intermission continued until the spring of 1837. Mr. Edward Bissell, from Lock- port, a man of enterprise and activity, be- came a part owner, and gave a great impetus to the growth of Vistula. Through him and the Port Lawrence owners many men of in- fluence became interested in the new towns. Among these Judge Mason, from Livingston county, N. Y., deserves mention, as he be- came agent of Bissell and the chief owners, and made Vistula his residence.

In 1836 the Wabash & Erie Canal was lo- cated, having three terminations-one at Maumee, one at Toledo and one at Manhat- tan. Great exertions were made to induce the Commissioners to terminate it at the foot of the Rapids ; and also to have it continued below, on the high bank. All the points were accommodated, and the State has had a heavy bill to foot as the consequence. In 1837 the canal was let and the contractors entered vigorously on its construction. The Commissioners held out the opinion that it would be completed in two years. Under the expectation of its early completion many of the inhabitants of Toledo, who had been brought there by the speculations of 1835 and 1836, and the business it gave, held on in order to participate in the business it was expected to furnish. The seasons of 1838 and 1839 were uncommonly sickly, not only at Toledo, but along the entire line of the canal. This kept back the work on the canal,

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and it was not completed, so as to make its busi- ness sensibly felt, before the scason of 1845. The Miami & Erie Canal was opened through, from river to lake, the same season, and for a time had a great rush of business through it. But it was so imperfect that great pre- judice was excited against it as a channel of commerce. During the season of 1846 it was kept in good order, and recovered a por- tion of its lost popularity.

The productions of the south and south- west that reached Toledo by these two canals during the season of 1846 exceeded $3,000,- 000 in value, and more than doubled the receipts of the preceding year. The value sent up from Toledo can scarcely have been less than $5,000,000. The aggregate of breadstuffs exported exceeded 3,000,000 bush- els, being greater than that of any other port around the lakes, except Cleveland, that shipped by lake. It is expected that the business of these canals this year will very nearly double that of the season of 1846. The Wabash & Erie Canal will then be ex- tended forty-nine miles farther down the Wabash ; and the country on the lines of both canals being new, is being opened to cultivation, and having the roads that bring trade to the canals every year extended farther from their borders, and made better. By position and the aid of these canals, To- ledo is evidently destined to be one of the greatest of the gathering points of agricultu- ral productions in the country. Its situation is equally favorable for the distribution over the lakes of Southern productions-sugar, to- bacco, etc. The Miami & Erie Canal is the best channel for the goods destined from the

Eastern cities to the great river valley below Cincinnati.

The Wabash & Erie canal, when com- pleted to Evansville, on the Ohio, will be four hundred and sixty miles in length, and control most of the external trade of Indiana and Eastern Illinois. The Miami & Erie canal, connecting Toledo and Cincinnati, is two hundred and forty-seven miles long. This, it is believed, will one day become one of the most important canals in the world.

Within the last two years Toledo has cx- pended near one hundred thousand dollars in grading and other permanent improvements that tend to give facility to commercial opera- tions. Like all other towns on Lake Erie, it has suffered, during the early years of its life, from sickness ; and, perhaps, it has suf- fercd still more in its growth and prospects, from the exaggerations which public rumor has spread over the country, respecting its insalu- brity. And yet it would be difficult to find a healthier-looking or a more vigorous set of men than are the first settlers of Toledo and other places on the harbor. Toledo has had sickness, but not more than Cleveland or San- dusky and Monroe, at the same period of their growth. The excavations for the canal and the grades have undoubtedly contributed to the prevalence of intermittents, which is the chief cause for complaint. Every year will witness an improvement in this respect, until, like Cleveland, it will be forgotten as a place especially fruitful of malaria, and be spoken of chiefly for the activity and the extent of its commerce, and the rapidity of its progress towards the high destiny which reflecting men have long anticipated for it.

Toledo was incorporated as a city in 1836, and has 1 Presbyterian, 1 Catholic, 1 Methodist, 1 Episcopal and 1 Lutheran church, 37 mercantile establishments- including 3 drug and 2 book stores-9 forwarding and commission houses, 2 banks, and its population is estimated at 2,400; in 1840 it had 1,322 inhabitants. A daily steamboat line connects Toledo with Buffalo, and another with Detroit. A railroad has been chartered and surveyed between Toledo and the west line of Indiana, in the direction of the Falls of Illinois, or towards Chicago.

Toledo was the centre of the military operations in the " OHIO AND MICHIGAN WAR," so called, which at the time threatened serious results, but was accom- panied with so much of the ludicrous as to be usually adverted to with emotions of merriment. In the language of "an actor in the scene which he depicts " the narrative below is given :

The dispute of Ohio and Michigan, about the line of division between them, originated in this wise. The ordinance of 1787 pro- vided for the division of the Northwestern Territory into not less than three nor more than five States ; and, if into five, then the three southern were to be divided from the two northern, by a line drawn east and west through the southern point of Lake Michigan, extending eastward to the territorial line in Lake Erie. The constitution of Ohio con- tained a provision, that if the said line should not go so far north as the north cape of the Maumee bay, then the northern boundary of

Ohio should be a line drawn from the south- erly part of Lake Michigan to the north cape of the Maumee bay. With this constitution, Ohio was admitted into the Union. The line of the ordinance was an impossible line, inasmuch as it would never touch the terri- torial line by extending it eastward, but would, on the contrary, leave north of it a consider- able portion of that part of Ohio known as the Western Reserve.

When Michigan became a Territory, the people living between the two lines-that claimed by Michigan, known as the Fulton line, and that claimed by Ohio, as the Harris

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line-found it more convenient to be attached to Michigan, and agreeably to their wish, the territorial laws were extended over the dis- puted territory. In 1833 it appeared im- portant that the boundary should be settled, and at the suggestion of J. W. Scott, Esq., of Toledo, Senator Tilden, of Norwalk, Ohio, brought the matter before the Legislature, which passed a resolution asking Congress to act upon the subject, for the purpose of quieting the claim of Ohio.

In 1835 the matter came before Congress, and J. Q. Adams made an elaborate report against the claim of Ohio. Through the exertions of A. Palmer, S. B. Comstock, W. P. Daniels and others, the former was im- mediately dispatched to Columbus, with a petition from most of the inhabitants, to the Legislature of Ohio, then in session, asking the extension of the laws of Ohio over the disputed territory. An act was soon after passed for that purpose, and the disputed territory was attached to the counties of Wood, Henry and Williams. This occasioned a counteraction on the part of Michigan. A double set of officers were created at the spring election, and war became inevitable. The inhabitants were mostly for the Ohio claim, but enough sided with Michigan to fill all the offices. These soon needed the aid of their neighbors of Monroe county, who were organized, and made some inroads under the sheriff's posse, and carried off to Monroe some of the would-be citizens of Ohio.

Thereupon, Ohio levied troops, and Gov- ernor Lucas came on at their head, early in the spring of 1835. In the meantime Governor Mason mustered troops from Michi- gan ; and while Governor Lucas was encamped at old Fort Miami, eight miles above Toledo and four miles above the disputed territory, Mason marched into Toledo, overrun all the water-melon patches, made fowls very scarce, and demolished utterly the ice-house of Major Stickney, burst in the front door of his resi- dence, and triumphantly carried him off a prisoner of war to Monroe.

Many amusing incidents are related of the actors in this war. Dr. Russ, of New York,

was with the forces of Mason on their march from Monroe to Toledo, and gave to the writer a vivid description of the mixture of frolic and fear among the new soldiers. Re- ports were constantly being circulated of the great number of sharp-shooting Buckeyes who were ready, with poised rifles, to greet their arrival at Toledo, and so terror-stricken were the warriors by these stories of the wags, that nearly half of those who marched boldly from Monroe availed themselves of the bushes by the road-side to withdraw from the dangerous enterprise.

About this time appeared from the court of Washington two ambassadors, with full powers to negotiate with the belligerents, for an amicable settlement of difficulties. These were Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, and Colonel Howard, of Maryland. They were successful in their mission, chiefly because Michigan was satisfied with the lanrels won, and Ohio was willing to stand on her dignity -eight miles from the ground in dispute. At the court next holden in Wood county the prosecuting attorney presented bills of indict- ment against Governor Mason and divers others, in like manner offending ; but the bills were thrown out by the grand jury. Thus was Ohio defeated in her resort to law, as she had before been in her passage at arms. At the next session of Congress the matter was taken up, and able arguments in favor of Ohio were made in the House by Samuel F. Vinton, and in the Senate by Thomas Ewing. Here Ohio carried the day. Michigan, instead of the narrow strip, averaging about eight miles wide on her southern border, received as an equivalent the large peninsula between Lakes Huron, Michigan and Su- perior, now so well known for its rich deposit of copper and other minerals. The chief value to Ohio, of the territory in dispute. was the harbor at Toledo, formed by the mouth of the Maumee, essential, as her public men believed, to enable her to reap the benefit of the commerce made by her canals to Cin- cinnati and Indiana. The result has shown that they judged correctly. Toledo has proved to be the true point for the meeting of lake and canal commerce .- Old Edition.

TOLEDO, county-seat of Lucas, is a port of entry on the Manmee river, five miles from its mouth in Maumee bay, eight miles from the western extremity of Lake Erie, ninety-two miles west of Cleveland, fifty-three southwest of Detroit, Mich., and 120 miles northwest of Columbus. It has the finest harbor on the lakes, with nineteen miles of completed docks ; is in the natural gas and oil re- gions ; has large mannfacturing and railroad interests ; is a great market for lime, plaster and cement ; and a shipping point for large quantities of provisions, live- stock, wheat, whiskey, iron, hides, tobacco, wool, lumber and coal. Its railroads are the C. H. & D. ; C. J. & M. ; C. H. V. & T .; F. & P. M .; L. S. & M. S .; M. C. ; N. W. O .; T. A. A. & N. M. ; T. C. & S. ; W. St. L. & P. ; W. & I ... E .; T. S. & M., and T. & O. C. County officers, 1888 : Auditor, Charles A. Vordtriede ; Clerk, John P. Bronson ; Commissioners, John Ryan, Warren W. Cooke, Jacob Engelhardt ; Coroner, Charles F. Roulet ; Infirmary Directors, George W. Reynolds, George Mack, William W. Coder ; Probate Judge, Joseph W. Cummings ; Prosecuting Attorney, James H. Sonthard; Recorder, William

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V. MeMaken ; Sheriff, John S. Harbeck, Jr .; Surveyor, Henry W. Wilhelm; Treasurer, Horace J. Potter. City officers, 1888 : J. K. Hamilton, Mayor; W. T. Walker, Auditor ; George. H. Cole, Clerk ; Guy W. Kinney, Solicitor ; Thos. R. Wickenden, Civil Engineer ; William Kirby, Superintendent Infirmary ; John Bayer, Street Commissioner ; James McNeely, Harbor Master. Newspapers : Bee, Democratic, Elmer White, editor ; Blade, Republican, Robinson Locke, editor; Commercial, Republican, Toledo Commercial Co., editors and publishers ; Evening News, Independent, News Publishing Co., editors and proprietors ; Express, Ger- man, Independent Republican, Julius Vordtriede, editor ; Freie Presse, German, Toledo Freie Press Co., editors and publishers ; American, Democratic, American Printing and Publishing Co., editors and publishers ; Sunday Herald and Times, Democratic, R. Sellner & Co., editors and publishers ; Sunday Journal, Inde- pendent, C. C. Packard, editor ; Volksfreund, German, Democratic, E. V. E. Rausch, editor and publisher. Besides these there are about twenty other journals devoted to medicine, agriculture, railway service, fraternities, etc. Churches : in 1886 these numbered 55 and 11 missions; in many of them services were in German. Baptist, 5 ; Congregational, 4; Lutheran, 9 ; Methodist Episcopal, 13; Presbyterian, 4; Protestant Episcopal, 3 ; Roman Catholic, 10; United Brethren, 1; German Evangelical Reformed, 1; Christian, 1; Jewish, 1. The city has a manual training school, the "Toledo University of Arts and Trades," and a public library of 24,000 volumes. Banks : First National, V. H. Ketcham, president, S. D. Carr, cashier ; Merchants' National, Reed V. Boice, president, C. C. Doolit- tle, cashier ; Merchants' and Clerks' Savings Institution, John A. Moore, presi- dent, O. S. Bond, treasurer ; Northern National, W. Cummings, president, W. A. Eggleston, cashier ; Second National, George W. Davis, president, Charles F. Adams, cashier ; Toledo National, Samuel L. Young, president, E. H. Van Hoesen, cashier ; Toledo Savings Bank and Trust Co., Richard Mott, president, John J. Barker, cashier ; Keeler, Holcomb & Co .; J. B. Ketcham, F. S. Terry, cashier ; Spitzer & Co.

Manufactures and Employees (where numbering 40 hands and over) .- The Co- nant Bros., furniture, 72; Witker Manufacturing Co., sash, doors and blinds, 87 ; W. H. H. Smith & Co., saw and lath mill, 57 ; Toledo Foundry and Machine Co., engines, excavators, etc., 70; Western Manufacturing Co., sash, doors and blinds, 70; The Schauss Manufacturing Co., furniture, 52; Vulcan Foundry and Ma- chine Co., general machine work, 64; Toledo Carriage Woodwork Co., 60; Roth & Freedman, hosiery and mittens, 197; Leland, Smith & Co., 38; The B. F. Wade Co., printing and binding, 49; E. C. Shaw & Co., clothing, 53; Blade Printing and Paper Co., printing, etc., 99; The Goulet Manufacturing Co., sash, doors, etc., 45; Shaw, Kendall & Co., general machinery, etc., 156 ; J. L. Cris- well, galvanized iron cornice, 66; The Toledo Bolt and Nut Co., bolts and nuts, 152; Diamond Planing Mill Co., sash, doors, etc., 59; William Peter, sash, doors, etc., 250 ; Grasser & Brand Brewing Co., lager beer, 40; H. B. Milmine & Co., foundry work, 105; George W. Thomas & Co., wheelbarrows, 37; Herbert Ba- ker, foundry work, etc., 68; The C. H. Schroeder Co., sash, doors, etc., 82; N. Houghton Foundry and Machine Co., 33; Toledo Brewing and Malting Co., lager beer, 60; Union Manufacturing Co., sewing machines, etc., 186; B. A. Stevens, refrigerators, etc., 79 ; John S. Eck & Co., sash, doors, etc., 42; E. P. Breckenridge, tin packages, 110; Toledo Knitting Co., knit goods, 96; Toledo Tinware Co., tinware, 35; Buckeye Brewing Co., lager beer, 54; A. Black & Co., cloaks, 160; Toledo Moulding Co., picture frames, etc., 220; Glendon Iron Wheel Co., children's carriages, 213; C. Z. Kroh & Co., carriages, etc., 42; To- ledo Cot and Wringer Manufacturing Co., cots, wringers, etc., 66; Smith Bridge Co., 90; Consolidated Rolling Stock Co., railroad cars, 71; Great Western Pin Co., pins, 41 ; LaDue & Moorman, oars, sculls, etc., 72; Chase, Isherwood & Co., tobacco, 50; Amos Bonner Co., brushes, 95; Toledo Bending Co., carriage woodwork, 75; Northwestern Elevator and Mill Co., flour, etc., 54; Finlay

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Historical collections of Ohio in two volumes, an encyclopedia of the state, Volume II, Part 20

Author: Howe, Henry, 1816-1893 Publication date: 1907 Publisher: Cincinnati : Published by the state of Ohio Number of Pages: 916

Author: Howe, Henry, 1816-1893
Publication date: 1907
Publisher: Cincinnati : Published by the state of Ohio
Number of Pages: 916