USA > Ohio > Historical collections of Ohio in two volumes, an encyclopedia of the state, Volume II > Part 26
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Stout rosy boys and girls are they Whose heads scarce tonch the dripping boughs ; Who learned their first philosophy While driving home the lagging cows.
After listening to her poem, and especially these closing verses, we do not doubt that the old folk from their hearts exclaimed, " Yea, verily, have we not a goodly heritage ? and see, our cows have come home !"
O sweet Mahoning, like a queen Set crowned and dowered in the West, The wealth of kingdoms gleams between Thy jeweled brow and jeweled breast.
O valley where the panting forge Has stirred the bosom of the world, Till lo ! on every hillside gorge The flags of labor are unfurled.
O valley rich in fertile plain, In mighty forest proud and tall, In waving fields of corn and grain, In ferny glen and waterfall !
O valley rich in sturdy toil. In all that makes a people great, We hail thee Queen of Buckeye soil, And fling our challenge to the State.
We hail thee queen whose beauty won Our fathers in their golden years ; A shout for greater days begun, A sigh for sleeping pioneers.
Judge JAMES BROWNLEE, of Poland, was born February, 1801, at the family home- stead of Torfoot, near Glasgow, Scotland, where for many generations had resided his ancestors, who on both sides distinguished themselves in the ranks of the White Flag of the Covenant. He inherited from them a vigorous constitution, a clear, strong, well-
balanced mind, a buoyant temperament, a kindly, affable manner, an inflexible will, strict integrity, and that rare appreciation of the humorons, with large hope, which ever blunts the stings of adversity. His physical endowments were equally commanding, with fine, clear-cut features, dark, expressive eye, so that when he appeared at Youngstown in
MAHONING COUNTY.
the fall of 1827, the young Scotchman met with a most cordial welcome from the pio- neers of Mahoning.
Developing when at school into a youth of unusual ability, his father had designed him for a professional career ; but that was not his choice. In 1830 his father and family followed him to America, when his father bought the beautiful tract of land at the junction of Yellow creek and Mahoning, building a handsome homestead thereon, where all the family resided until 1840, when Judge Brownlee was married to Miss Re- becca Mullin, of Bedford Springs, Pa. Shortly after his father died, and the judge built a new residence on the hilltop overlook- ing the river, where his three children were born, the first now Mrs. Kate Brownlee Sherwood.
For his first thirty years in this country Judge Brownlee was engaged chiefly in the buying and selling of cattle, purchasing yearly thousands and thousands of cows and beeves for the great markets of the West and East. He was always active in politics, an enthu- siastic and ardent Whig ; but while acting with the Whigs, he astonished the Aboli- tionists by attending an indignation meeting held at Canfield against the passage of the fugitive slave law, when he drew up a reso-
lution so audacious that the others of the committee feared to adopt it, it seeming treasonable. He offered it personally, and it was carried in a whirl of enthusiasm. It was :
RESOLVED, That come life, come death, come fine or imprisonment, we will neither aid nor abet the capture of a fugitive slave, but on the contrary will harbor and feed, clothe and assist, and give him a practical God-speed toward liberty.
In the stirring times of the war he was so active in the forming of companies and recruit- ing without commission or remuneration, that Governor Tod sent him a " squirrel hunter's" discharge, as an appreciation of hearty ser- vices.
Judge Brownlee held many positions of public and private trust, among others that of Assessor of Internal Revenue at Youngs- town. For years he held his life in jeopardy, having repeatedly heard the bullets whistling around his head when obliged to visit certain localities-still remembered for their opposi- tion to the war and the operations of the revenue system. He died January 20, 1879. He was a staunch Presbyterian, and his friends were numbered among the rich and the poor, who found in him that faith and charity which make the whole world kin.
Canfield in 1846 .- Canfield, the county- eat, is 166 miles northeast of Colum- bus and sixteen south of Warren. It is on the main stage road from Cleveland to Pittsburg, on a gentle elevation. It is a neat, pleasant village, emhowered in trees and shrubbery, among which the Lombardy poplar stands conspicuous. It contained in 1846 three stores, a newspaper printing-office, one Presbyterian, one Episcopal, one Methodist, one Congregational, and one Lutheran church, and about 300 people. Since then the county buildings have been erected, and from being made the county-seat, it will probably, by the time this reaches the eye of the reader, have nearly doubled in population and business importance .- Old Edition.
Poland in 1846 .- Poland is eight miles from Canfield, on Yellow creek, a branch of the Mahoning. It is one of the neatest villages in the State. The dwellings are usually painted white, and have an air of comfort. Considerable business centres here from the surrounding country, which is fertile. In the vicinity are coal and iron ore of an excellent quality. Limestone of a very superior kind abounds in the township ; it is burned and largely exported for building purposes and manure. Poland contains five stores, one Presbyterian and one Methodist church, an academy, an iron foundry, one grist, one saw, one oil and one clothing mill, and about 100 dwellings .- Old Edition.
Snakes .- In a tamarack and cranberry swamp in this vicinity " are found large numbers of a small black or very dark brown rattlesnake, about twelve or four- teen inches in length, and of a proportionate thickness. They have usually three or four rattles. This species seem to be confined to the tamarack swamps, and are found nowhere else but in their vicinities, wandering in the summer months a short distance only from their borders. When lying basking in the sun, they resemble a short, broken, dirty stick or twig, being generally discolored with mud, over which they are frequently moving. Their bite is not very venomous, yet they are much dreaded by the neighboring people. Their habitations are retired and unfrequented, so that few persons are ever bitten. The Indian name for this snake is Massasauga."-Old Edition.
188
MAHONING COUNTY.
A Wedding Incident .- Poland township is the southeastern township of the Western Reserve, but not that of the county, the southernmost tier of townships having been takeu from Columbiana county. Jonathan Fowler and family came into it May 20, 1799, and were its first white settlers. About the year 1800 occurred the first marriage, between John Blackburn and Nancy Bryan. There being no one legally authorized to marry them, Judge Kirtland agreed to assume the responsibility by using his Episcopal prayer- book. About seventy persons were present. A stool was placed in front of the judge, and upon it a white cover. On this the judge placed his book, when some one proposed that they take a drink all around before the
ceremony. To this all agreed, it seeming eminently the proper thing to do. How long a time this occupied is not stated, or how many drinks they took. But when the judge had taken his "one or more," as the case might have been, and was ready for tying the knot, lo ! that Episcopal prayer-book had disappeared-could not be found. In this dilemma the judge said they must get along without it, and asked Nancy if she was will- ing to take John for a loving husband, and she said "yes ;" and asked John if he was willing to take Nancy for a loving wife, and he said "yes ;" and-that was about all there was of it. And thus ended what was prob- ably the first wedding on the Western Re- serve-with whisky or without whisky.
CANFIELD is twenty-two miles by rail, ten miles by road southwest of Youngs- town ; is on the N. Y. P. & O. Railroad (N. & N. L. Branch). It is the seat of the Northeastern Normal College. City officers, 1888 : S. K. Crooks, Mayor ; S. W. Brainard, Clerk ; Hosea Hoover, Treasurer; C. W. Wehr, Street Com- missioner ; Eli Rhodes, Marshal. Newspaper : Mahoning Dispatch, Independent, Fowler & Son, editors and publishers. Churches : one Presbyterian, one Meth- odist Episcopal, one Disciples, one German Lutheran and one Congregational. Bank : Van Hyning & Co., Hosca Hoover, president, G. W. Brainerd, cashier. Population, 1880, 650. School census, 1888, 196.
POLAND is six miles southeast of Youngstown, on the Beaver river. Bank : Farmers' Deposit and Saving, R. L. Walker, president, Clark Stough, cashier. Population in 1880, 452. School census, 1888, 206.
PETERSBURG is fifteen miles southeast of Youngstown. It has one newspaper, the Petersburg Press, E. E. Stone, editor. Churches : one Methodist Episcopal, one Evangelical Lutheran, one Presbyterian. School census, 1888, 162.
LOWELLVILLE is eight miles southeast of Youngstown, on the Ohio Canal and A. & P., P. & W., and P. & L. E. Railroads. School census, 1888, 241.
WASHINGTONVILLE is sixteen miles southwest from Youngstown, part in Columbiana and part in Mahoning county. It is on the N. & N. L. Branch of the N. Y. P. & O. Railroad. School census, 1888, 122.
189
MARION COUNTY.
MARION.
MARION COUNTY was organized March 1, 1824, and named from General Francis Marion, of South Carolina, a partisan officer of the Revolution. The surface is level, except on the extreme cast. The Sandusky plain, which is prairie land, covers that part of the county north of Marion and west of the Whetstone, and is well adapted to grazing : the remaining part, comprising about two-thirds of the surface, is best adapted to wheat. The soil is fertile. The principal farm-crops are corn, wheat and grass, a large proportion of the prairie land being appropriated to grazing : much live-stock and wool is produced in the county.
Area about 430 square miles. In 1887 the acres cultivated were 118,256 ; in pasture, 48,900; woodland, 29,570; lying waste, 913; produced in whcat, 367,801 bushels; rye, 1,188; buckwheat, 446; oats, 400,809; barley, 3,201; corn, 1,193,790 ; broom-corn, 200 lbs. brush ; meadow hay, 18,492 tons; clover hay, 7,412; flaxseed, 1,788 bushels; potatoes, 42,267 ; tobacco, 104 lbs. ; butter, 437,341 ; sorghum, 1,256 gallons ; maple sugar, 3,647 lbs .; honey, 4,005; eggs, 679,743 dozen ; grapes, 7,775 lbs .; wine, 179 gallons; sweet potatoes, 95 bnshels ; apples, 7,221 ; peaches, 355; pears, 619; wool, 323,938 lbs .; milch cows owned, 5,066. School census, 1888, 7,299 ; teachers, 279. Miles of rail- road track, 161.
TOWNSHIPS AND CENSUS.
1840.
1880.
TOWNSHIPS AND CENSUS.
1840.
1880.
Big Island,
554
1,226
Morven,
976
Bowling Green,
324
1,219
Pleasant,
1,414
1,188
Canaan,
1,027
Prospect,
1,724
Claridon,
1,084
1,771
Richland,
1,138
1,210
Gilead,
1,150
Salt Rock,
607
551
Grand,
605
485
Scott,
854
553
Grand Prairie,
716
485
Tully,
870
878
Green Camp,
361
1,362
Waldo,
997
Marion,
1,638
5,151
Washington,
880
Montgomery,
552
1,765
Population of Marion in 1830, 6,558 ; 1840, 18,352; 1860, 15,490 ; 1880, 20,565, of whom 16,332 were born in Ohio; 1,057, Pennsylvania ; 268, New York ; 202, Virginia ; 133, Indiana ; 33, Kentucky ; 1,017, German Empire ; 450, Ireland ; 193, England and Wales ; 69, British America; 16, Scotland, and 16, France. Census, 1890, 24,727.
Soil, Surface, Climate and Wind .- This county is on the broad watershed between Lake Erie and the Ohio, about fifty miles south of the west end of the lake. It is watered by the Scioto and its affluents, and by affluents of the Little Sandusky and Tymochtee. It is mostly flat and has a black prairie soil, and its streams are but from four to six feet below the level of the land. Good gravel for road-making is found in the south part and potters' clay abounds. Good building stone is quarried. The winters seldom keep the ground frozen, and from November to April there is a continnal strife for mastery between the cold zone of the north and the hot of the south. Its yearly average of thermometer is 50°1 ; 2º warmer than Cleveland and 2° to 5º colder than Cincinnati. The average depth of rain, including snow as melted, is forty inches; on the lake shore, thirty-three inches ; Cincinnati, forty-six inches. From May to October the average temperature is delightful. Hail storms and hurricanes seldom occur. In June, 1835, a frost killed the wheat and the young leaves of the forests. In
190
MARION COUNTY.
1855 there was frost every month. In 1824 the famous tornado which arose near West Liberty, Logan county, destroyed a number of buildings in Bellefontaine, carrying bits of shingle and clothing into Big Island township, a distance of thirty miles ; it there wrestled with the big forest, lost its breath and succumbed. Another tornado, the year after, began in Scott township and extended beyond New Haven, in Huron county, going northeast, making sad havoc. The cabin of one "old Jake Stateler " was in its track ; he was alone, saw it coming, pulled up a puncheon from the floor and darted under. When he crawled out his cabin had vanished and a clearing made through the forest of a quarter of a mile wide. He was astonished, but being alone " there was no use of talking."
By the treaty concluded at the foot of the Manmee rapids, September 29, 1817, Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur being commissioners on the part of the United States, there was granted to the Delaware Indians a reservation of three miles square, on or near the northern boundary of this county, and adjoining the Wyandot reservation of twelve miles square. This reservation was to be equally divided among the following persons : Captain Pipe, Zeshauau or James Arm- strong, Mahautoo or John Armstrong, Sanoudoyeasqnaw or Silas Armstrong, Teorow or Black Raccoon, Hawdoronwatistie or Billy Montour, Buck Wheat, William Dondee, Thomas Lyons, Johnny Cake, Captain Wolf, Isaac and John Hill, Tishatahoones or Widow Armstrong, Ayenucere, Hoomaurou or John Ming, and Youdorast. Some of these Indians had lived at Jeromeville, in Ashland and Greentown, in Richland county, which last village was burnt by the whites early in the late war. By the treaty concluded at Little Sandusky, August 3, 1829, John McElvain being United States commissioner, the Delawares ceded this reserva- tion to the United States for $3,000, and removed west of the Mississippi .- Old Edition.
Marion in 1846 .- Marion, the county-seat, is forty-four miles north of Columbus. It was laid out in 1821 by Eber Baker and Alexander Holmes, who were proprietors of the soil. It is compactly built ; the view, taken in front of the Marion hotel, shows one of the principal streets : the court-house appears on the left, the Mirror office on the right, and Berry's hill in the distance. General Harrison passed through this region in the late war, and encamped with his troops just south of the site of the village, on the edge of the prairie, at a place known as " Jacob's well." The town is improving steadily, and has some fine brick buildings : it contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist and 1 German church, an academy, 2 newspaper printing offices, 15 dry goods, 1 drug and 5 grocery stores, 1 saw, 1 fulling, oil and carding mill, and about 800 inhabitants; in 1840 it had a population of 570 .- Old Edition.
MARION, county-seat of Marion, about forty miles north of Columbus, is the centre of a fine agricultural and grazing country. It is on the N. Y. P. & O., C. C. C. & I., C. H. V. & T. and C. & A. Railroads, and is noted for its exten- sive quarries and lime-kilns.
County Officers, 1888 : Auditor, William L. Clark ; Clerk, Harry R. Young ; Commissioners, Isaac A. Merchant, William L. Raub, Phillip Loyer ; Coroner, James A. McMurray ; Infirmary Directors, Horace W. Riley, Zaccheus W. Hipsher, Jacob D. Lust; Probate Judge, John H. Criswell; Prosecuting Attorney, Daniel R. Crissinger ; Recorder, Charles Harraman ; Sheriff, Patrick Kelly ; Surveyor, James W. Scott ; Treasurer, George W. Cook. City officers, 1888 : C. P. Galley, Mayor ; A. L. Clark, Clerk ; Chas. Meyers, Treasurer ; W. E. Schofield, Solicitor ; John Welsch, Street Commissioner ; John Cunningham, Surveyor; Charles Buenneke, Marshal. Newspapers : Star, Independent, W. G. Harding, editor ; Independent, Republican, George Crawford, editor ; Democratic Mirror, Democratic, Ned Thatcher, editor. Churches : 2 Methodist, 1 Catholic, 3 Albright, 2 Lutheran, 1 African Methodist Episcopal, 2 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 United Baptist, 1 German Reformed, and 1 Presbyterian. Banks : Fahey's, Timothy Fahey, president, A. C. Edmondson, cashier ; Farmers', Robert Kerr,
-
Drawn by Henry Howe in 1846.
VIEW IN MARION.
Wm. H. Moore, Photo., Marion, 1887.
VIEW IN MARION.
192
MARION COUNTY.
president, J. J. Hane, cashier ; Marion County, James S. Reed, president, R. H. Johnson, cashier ; Marion Deposit, T. P. Wallace, cashier.
Manufactures and Employees .- F. Dale, staves and headings, 13 hands; Marion Malleable Iron Co., 50; Bryan & Prendergast, planing mill work, 20 ; B. J. Camp, turning and scroll sawing, 3; Reiber Flouring Mill Co., 3; Marion Steam Shovel Co., 80; Gregory & Sears, flour, meal and feed, 6; Huber Manufacturing Co., traction engines, etc., 179; Huber Manufacturing Co., boilers, 34; Marion Manufacturing Co., thrashers, hullers, etc., 41; Linsley & Lawrence, flooring, siding, etc., 6 .- State Reports, 1888. Population in 1880, 3,899. School census, 1888, 1,655; A. G. Crouse, school superintendent. Capital invested in industrial establishments, $443,200. Value of annual product, $854,500 .- Ohio Labor Statistics, 1887. Census, 1890, 8,327.
The most interesting object in Marion is the SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL CHAPEL, inasmuch as it is an ever-pleasing object-lesson to inculcate patriotism. It was dedicated August 22, 1888. It is all stone, marble, slate and iron-no wood except the doors. Twenty-eight hundred names of soldiers are inscribed on marble tablets within its enclosure, giving company, regiment, etc.
The War of 1812 led to a large knowledge of this county, several " war roads" passing directly through it to the seat of war. The most clearly defined was that up the Scioto, by a spot now in Pleasant township called " Rocky Point." This was a favorite camping-ground, possessing a fine spring of water around magnifi- cent forests, filled with game. An encampment of troops under General Green at Rocky Point gave rise to the name "Green's Camp," now become Green Camp township ; while "Jacob's Well," on a hill near Marion, is a spot where General Harrison also paused. Up to 1812 but few attempts were made to invade the country still reserved to the Indians, except as the restless hunters and traders sought the fine game reserves of the plains for meat or peltries. The bee-hunters, a venturesome, vagabondish set, who preferred to "line " a " bee-tree " to any other pursuit, brought back rich treasures of sweets that the wild bees had stored in the woods along the borders of the plains, beyond the line of settlement. Their trail came in eastward from Knox, or up the valley of the Scioto from Delaware.
The first tract of land entered within the confines of Marion county, north of the treaty line, was by Mr. G. H. Griswold, of Worth- ington, a teamster for government, and it comprised the fractional section at Rocky Point. He was a man of sagacity, and he had become "captivated with the beauty of the valley and the second bottom lands. The river sweeping in comes through arches of overhanging maples ; the immense walnut, oak, and other hard woods that attained here their finest development ; the plentiful game supplies ; the springs and runs all seemed to make an ideal tract." South of the treaty lines, the first settlements were made between the years 1805 and 1814, in Waldo and Pros- pect townships, by the Brudiges, Drakes, Wyatts, Ephraim Markley, Evan Evans, etc. It is not known for certain who was the first settler in Marion. Eber Baker, who laid it out, came here in 1821. He influ- enced the commissioners to select it as the county-seat in 1822. There were rival claims, but when decided upon the few settlers here got up a great jollification, and having no artillery, bored holes in several oak trees, and putting in powder, shattered some of them to fragments. The first structure put up after this was a double log-cabin, built by
Mr. Baker, which, with additions, became the first tavern. In 1825 the place had three taverns, three stores, and seventeen families. The tavern rates were six and a quarter cents a lodging, twice that-or a " York shilling " -for a horse's feed, and thrice that for a meal. To movers, emigrants passing through for farther West, a large discount was made from these prices.
Old-Time Style of Doing Business .- How the business of the place was conducted be- fore the era of railroads, Mr. J. S. Reed, in the "County History," thus states :
"The first stores opened in Marion were branches from other towns, unless the Holmes firm formed an exception. The village was laid out in 1822. In 1824, when the county was organized, there were three stores, three taverns, and several workshops and cabins. The stocks of goods were small and consisted of whisky, tobacco, powder and lead, cotton cloth and calico. These were the staples, and there was no money in the country. Every one wanted to buy, but no one had anything to pay with. Coon, mink and deerskins were legal tender, and great quantities of them were gathered in by traders. Credit was given freely to the people, and as a large part of them were transient and single, there were
193
MARION COUNTY.
many flittings, and loans were about equal to gains. Occasionally an exceptionally mean transaction was advertised, and the office of Judge Lynch was threatened in plain terms by the people, to deter a repetition of similar outrages.
"With slow growth the village made its way up to 1839. Goods were sold at enor- mous prices, and credits were the rule. But little money entered into trade. Very few made both ends meet ; no one made anything beyond a living. As an illustration of the independence of the old regime merchants, we mention an instance that occurred on the lot now occupied by Moore's grocery, where Joel D. Butler kept a store. Butler came from Delaware and established a branch store for a firm in that place. Everything was kept neatly in place, and no crowd could in- duce him to wrinkle and tumble his goods. A lady came in one day and was a little hard to please, as ladies are, once in a while, now- a-days. After what would be called a brief showing by modern clerks, Butler left the lady, came round the counter, filled and lit his pipe, and sat down, saying, 'You don't want ad-d thing, and you had better clear out, the sooner the better.' With all his brusqueness the man managed to own his store, and the room next north, which he afterwards sold to J. S. Reed & Co., who occupied it for a long term of years. He did, however, fail, having adhered to old methods of business until he used himself up in the unequal contest. He took money of the farmers, paid them interest by the year, kept no regular account of his indebt- edness, made no provision for payment, and by and by, when his creditors called for money, failed.
"About this time a Yankee merchant opened out, and cut down the old system, by selling for cash at small profits. The old
traders, who had taken up the business with- ont training, were shocked. Every effort was made to drive off the Yankee, but in vain ; he had come to stay. Gradually the business of the county changed into better shape. Farmers prospered, for they saved half their expense ; merchants prospered, for they ceased to lose their profits in bad debts. In place of stocks of goods amounting to $2,000 or $3,000, stocks of $20,000 or more began to be common.
" It was a great undertaking to get off the wheat taken in for goods during the winter, and to sell and reinvest in goods, and get them back into store again. There were so many changes in value, so many expenses and risks, that but few merchants succeeded. The statistics of Marion county mercantile business establish failure as the rule, and success as the exception.
"The long string of covered wagons, fre- quently fifty in one line, loaded with grain for the lakes, each with bed and lunch-box, which slowly and patiently toiled over the long distance, with its night encampment, its camp fires and pleasant group of story-tellers have disappeared, and are now known only by tradition. The old-fashioned store, with its scant stock of staples ; its bandy whisky- bottle and tin cup ; its ample daybook and its ledger ; its quaint salesman with few words and plain dress, and meagre pay ; its fearful prices with Noah's ark fashions ; all these have gone to the death to be seen no more ! Young America with its 'make or bust ; ' its plate-glass windows ; its expensive, fashionable goods ; dandy-dressed clerks, dia- monds and lavish salary, and the woman of the period, equal in fashionable extravagance ; all these bave come in, and the cost and ex- pense of the modern machine would have shocked the old-timer and driven him to sui- cide. "
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