History of Belmont and Jefferson Counties, Ohio, and incidentially historical collection pertaining to border warfare and the early settlement of the adjacent portion of the Ohio Valley, Part 99

Author: Caldwell, J. A. (John Alexander) 1n; Newton, J. H., ed; Ohio Genealogical Society. 1n
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Wheeling, W. Va. : Historical Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 728

USA > Ohio > Jefferson County > History of Belmont and Jefferson Counties, Ohio, and incidentially historical collection pertaining to border warfare and the early settlement of the adjacent portion of the Ohio Valley > Part 99
USA > Ohio > Belmont County > History of Belmont and Jefferson Counties, Ohio, and incidentially historical collection pertaining to border warfare and the early settlement of the adjacent portion of the Ohio Valley > Part 99

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

IMPROVEMENTS.

The first improvements made in the portion then laid out was by Zane and Woods. Woods erected a house on the northeast corner of block number two, and conducted a ferry (opposite his honse) across the back river to the island. Mr. Woods, in his day, was a very prominent citizen of Belmont county, especially so in its carly history in which he figured largely in politics. He was appointed the first clerk of the courts of the county in 1801, and served in that position with ability and distinction. He was a member of the first constitutional convention which inet at Chillicothe in 1802, and had a voice in the organic law of the state of Ohio. Mr. W. migrated from Rockingham coun- ty, Virginia, where he was born in 1778. He was a nephew of Archibald Woods. He was a man that had acquired consider- able learning forthat day, and was far above the greater majori- ty of the pioneer settlers of the county. He had learned sur- veying and was held as quite good. He spent one winter sur- veying through the wilds of Kentucky in about 1796, accom- panied by five negroes. He married Esther, daughter of Col- onel Zane, and the youngest save one of a family of thirteen.

Thomas Thompson kept tavern in a cabin erected on lot num- ber one, north side of Fleming's run, and also conducted a ferry which was known as the "upper ferry." He kept a tavern a number of years, and is thought to have been the first "inn- keeper" in the village. This gentleman was a grandfather of Thomas Thompson, who is now residing five and one-half miles west of town on the National pike.

IN 1807.

According to F. Cuming's Tour, a small book of about two hundred pages, published in 1810, there were, all told, a cluster of thirteen houses when he passed through the village, in 1807. As to whom the inhabitants were at that time, cannot now, to a certainty, be ascertained. The above named persons are all that the historian has been able to obtain. Joseph Kirkwood's house, across the creek, was then not in the town, but may have been included.

IN 1810.

The business of the growing village in 1810, had increased to the following vocations : One suspension rope ferry ; one wheel- wright, Ezra Williams ; one hotel and one blacksmith shop. It contained ten residences and a number of other buildings. Messrs. Rhodes were engaged at this time in building what was called keel-boats.

IN 1820.

Esquire Gill's recollection of the town in 1820, is as follows : Thomas Thompson was keeping a hotel on the north side of the run ; Artemus Baker lived on lot number two, across the run, and followed boat making; the lot adjoining (number three) was occupied, but by whom at that time unknown. Elijah Woods was living on the south side of the run, on block number two, and was engaged in running a ferry, and kept an inn. Thomas Woods and Benjamin Bloomfield both lived on block number two. John Pettis bought on block number one, and erected a brick house, now opposite the passenger depot ; it was the largest brick house then in the county ; it was built quite carly. Joseph Kirkwood lived across Wheeling creek. Moses

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HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

Rhodes was keeping a hotel on block number one. Samuel Fitch was living in a frame building on block 5, where Alexan- der's corner is. Nancy Sawyer, colored, lived on block six in a small cabin. John Beltcher, Joseph Worley and John Reed lived on the north side of the run in a double house, Mr. S. Z. Sawyer (colored) says: "that Richard Crawford established a lanyard, about this time, in the town : M. K. Durant, a hat fac- tory ; John Pettis, Ford and John Scott each kept a store, in snecession ; Samuel Fitch established a wholesale store, and on the 4th day of July, 1825, he stuck the first pick in the ground on the bank of the Ohio river, for the erection of the national pike."

About this time and little prior, there was an increase in busi- ness matters, which consisted mainly in shipping small quanti- ties of provisions by flat-boats to New Orleans, and the building of boats. When the products of the flouring mills, which were springing up on every hand to the number of about thirty, came pouring into Canton, it made an important shipping point.

Ebenezer Z. Woods, a son of Elijah Woods, erected a brick building a short distance below where Hill's livery stable now stands ; it was a long, narrow honse, A workman named Sam- uel Hunt was killed there, in its erection. It was built for a storeroom and warehouse, and used a number of years. He was succeeded by Zane & Pentney.

From 1824 to 1834, and indeed on till 1844, there was but lit- tle substantial improvement in business, the crash of 1837 ma- terially interfering.

From 1844 to 1854 business quadrupled, the principal business houses being Rhodes & Oglebay, Holloway & Warfield, Ander- son & Dewey, D. B. Atkinson & Co., Israel Branson, James A. Gray & Co., Bell & Harden, grocers, dry goods and forwarders, while John K. Newland, Rhodes & Kirk and Samuel Israel were engaged in the lumber trade. The shipping interests alone amounted to about $150,000 in 1854.

From 1854 to 1864 business remained healthy and remunera- tive, with but little change, except in firms. Rhodes & Bro. succeeded Rhodes & Oglebay ; Oglebay, Atkinson & Co. succeed- ed Holloway & Warfield; and Junkins, Branum & Co. succeeded James A. Gray. By the death of the brother, E. P. Rhodes & Bro. was followed by Rhodes & Warfield, and they in 1864 by the present firm, E, P. Rhodes & Son.

From 1864 to 1876, was twelve years of great prosperity to Bridgeport. Every business enterprise was eminently success- ful. D. B. Atkinson & Co. succeeded Oglebay, Atkinson & Co. ; they were succeeded by Watkins, Atkinson & Co .; and the latter by Ferguson, Medill & Co. T. C. Rowles followed J. M. Todd & Co. in drugs; Junkins, Branum & Co. followed James A. Gray & Co .; they by Junkins & Alexander; Alex. Branum forming with his three sons the firm of A. Branum & Sons. Bates & Alexander followed Junkins ; the latter embarking in wholesale notions, the others sticking to groceries. These, excepting Allen & Forsythe, Branson, Orloff & Zane, Zane & McSwords, and G. W. Anderson, constituted well nigh all the older mer- chants, of whom Atkinson, Oglebay, Allen, Forsythe, Anderson, Chas. Rhodes, McSwords, Orloff, Zane and Dewey, with others more obscure, are dead.

INCORPORATION LIMITS.

The incorporate limits of Bridgeport extends to the north line of .Etnaville, which was laid out by the Etna Iron and Nail Company, May 30, 1873, and south of the La Belle Glass Works, including Kirkwood, laid out by Joseph Kirkwood, January 28, 1834. Allen's addition was laid out in 1836, and Zane's in 1831. Bridgeport was incorporated March 14th, 1836.

Peter Cusick, Hugh McNeeley, Mayors in 1831.

James D. Callighan was Mayor from 1838 to 1840.

No corporate authority was exercised from 1840 to 1847. The charter by neglect was forfeited.

Moses Rhodes was Mayor from ( ctober 6, 1847.

B. T. Brown was Mayor from November 17, 1847.

S. E. Francis was Mayor from April 1, 1848.

John Gilbert was Mayor from May 12, 1848. Lewis Smith was Mayor from April 9, 1849. Lewis Smith was Mayor from April 6, 1850. Lewis Smith was Mayor from April 5, 1851. John Gilbert was Mayor from April 16, 1851. John Allison was Mayor from June 12, 1852. Wm. Gill was Mayor from December, 1852. W. W. Halstead was Mayor from April 6, 1853. Wm. Gill was Mayor from April 3, 1854. Wm. Gill was Mayor from April 6, 1855. Wm. Alexander, was Mayor from April 7, 1856.

Win. Alexander was Mayor from April 8, 1857.

A. J. Lawrence was Mayor from December 11, 1857.

A. J. Lawrence was Mayor from April 5, 1858. John Gilbert was Mayor from April 4, 1859. A. Grubb was Mayor from April 2, 1860. Wm. Alexander was Mayor from April 1, 1861.

Wm. Alexander was Mayor from April, 1862. Wm. Alexander was Mayor from April, 1863. Wm. Alexander was Mayor from April, 1864. A. Goudy was Mayor from June 14, 1864. A. Goudy was Mayor from April, 1865. Wm. Alexander was Mayor from April, 1866. A. Goudy was Mayor from May, 1866. Israel Phillips was Mayor from April, 1867.

Israel Phillips was Mayor from April, 1868. Wm. Gill was Mayor from April, 1869. Israel Phillips was Mayor from April, 1870. Israel Phillips was Mayor from April, 1871. Israel Phillips was Mayor from April, 1872. Wm. Gill was Mayor from April, 1873. Wm. Gill was Mayor from April, 1874. Milton McConaughy was Mayor from April, 1875. Milton McConaughy was Mayor from April, 1876. Milton McConaughy was Mayor from April, 1877. F. C. Robinson was Mayor from April, 1878. F. C. Robinson was Mayor from April, 1879.

RECORDERS.

Guian S. Guthrie, Recorder in 1831; J. G. Aflick, Recorder from 1838 to April 6, 1850; John Gilbert, Recorder April 6, 1850; J. G. Aflick, Recorder from April 5, 1851, to April 6, 1855 ; John Chapman, Recorder from April 1, 1855, to April 7, 1856; J. G. Aflick, Recorder from April 7, 1856, to April 1, 1861 ; John Chapman, Recorder from April 1, 1861, to April 1, 1862. W. H. Tallman, Recorder from April 1, 1862, to June 14, 1864; A. E. Wells, Recorder from June 14, 1864, to May, 1866; T. S. Woods, Recorder from May, 1866, to April, 1868; F. C. Robinson, Re- corder from April, 1868, to 1869; J. G. Afliek, Recorder from April, 1869, to April, 1870; J. R. Mitchell, Recorder from April, 1870, to April, 1874; B. C. Crunston, Recorder from April, 1874, to April, 1876; N. West, from April, 1876, to April, 1877; Henry Crawford, from April 1st, 1877, to April, 1880.

THE TOLL BRIDGE.

This bridge which spans the back river and connects the island with Bridgeport was begun in 1836, and finished in 1838, The laying of the corner stone took place on the 25th day (Sab- bath) of February, 1838. Owing to heavy rains and an antici- pated rise in the river, the initial ceremonies were selected on this day. Willam Lee Barron had the original contract at $68,500. The job was given up by Barron before it was half completed. He had contracted for its erection at figures by which he would lose money. The Zanes took it off his hands and finished it.

FIRST BRIDGE ACROSS WHEELING CREEK.

Esquire Gill says, the first bridge that was erected across In- dian Wheeling creek was built by Artemus Baker in 1815, and occupied the present site of the C. & P. R. R. bridge. The Marietta and Wellsville state road crossed there at that time. In 1831 a petition was made for the purpose of relocating as much of the road as was lying between Indian Wheeling creek and the northern line of the county, but little alterations at that time took place, the most material change being made at the said creek where the road now crosses. A wooden bridge built with lattice work on either side. The same abutments are still used. In about 1850 it was torn down and a new one erected on the same foundation and again in 1873 the present second iron bridge was built.

NATIONAL ROAD.

The National road which was projected by Henry Clay, was begun in 1824, a man named Weaver taking a five mile contract west from Bridgeport. At that time there were only five houses then along in that distance. The land was owned by Colonel Zane from Bridgeport to Scott's.

FIRST POSTMASTER.

Mr. Yost says he thinks Moses Rhodes was the first postmas- ter of Bridgeport, and that he received the appointment under

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HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

the administration of James Madison in about 1815. It was at this time that the name of Canton was changed to Bridgeport.

RAILROADS.

The following is extracted from a centennial article written by Dr. Todd in 1876:

"The C. & P. railroad began work from Cleveland to the Ohio river in 1845, and completed that work in 1852. The river di- vision was finished and the first train of ears ran over it Janu-, ary 1, 1857. The stock was worth from 80 to 90c. Owing to the panic of 1857, and having lost its entire assets (about $1,500,000), the stock dropped to 5 cents. James Farmer was its first president. W. W. Holloway was associated with it in an official capacity from 1857 to 1868, and was its vice president from 1865 to 1869.

The Stillwater Navigation and Railroad Company was an en- terprise which engaged the attention of some of our leading citi- zens prior to 1836, in which year a charter for the same was ob- tained. Capital stock, $100,000. Its proposed route was very near- ly the same as that of the Tucarawas Valley road, and by the terms of the charter was "to go from such point on the Big Stillwater creek as the company shall consider the highest point to which the navigation of such creek can with propriety be improved by slack water ; thence up said stream and up the valley of either of the three forks of Stillwater to the National road in Belmont county; thenee on to the Ohio river at or near the town of Bridgeport." John McBean, Michael Moore, William G. Smith, George Hamilton, B. S. Cowen, Otho Sheets, Eli Nichols, Peter Tallman, William B. Hubbard, William Downs, James Loyd, Walter B. Beebe, Jacob Urich, John Menich and Daniel Kilgore were co-operators. It was a darling projeet of David Allen who was first secretary-and in 1836 was the president of the com- pany, to which liberal subscriptions were made, and carnest ef- forts put forth for its completion-but rival roads finally absorbed its interest and it failed after a heroic struggle for existence. Flushing township then as now, distinguished herself by the liberality of her subscriptions and efforts.

The favorate enterprise of the bour is the Tuscarwas Valley R. R., which has engaged the earnest and untiring energies of many of our best citizens, and which, from our present standpoint, we sincerely hope and believe will be pushed to completion at an early day. The citizens generally have taken some stock in it ; all desire its success. It is substantially the same enterprise pushed in 1835-6 and 7 by David Allen and other worthies of our town and county. Only now we seek a junction of Bridge- port with that part of the road already completed to Dennison." This road is graded to Bridgeport, and there is every prospect that in a short time trains will be running to the place.

SUMMARY IN 1858.

The following is the summary of Bridgeport in 1858: Four commission houses, two dry goods stores, ten groceries, one foundry, one livery stable, one tin shop, two wagon makers, two blacksmiths, one flouring mill, two taverns, five common carriers, one telegraph office, two barbers, one cabinet maker, one weaver, one tailor, five seamstresses, four stoveinakers, one printer, one postmaster, one painter, one lawyer, one umbrella maker, four carpenters, one drug store, one undertaker, one tobaceonist, one fisherman, one baker, one peddler, two boarding houses, one brush and broom maker, one willow basket maker, twenty coal diggers.

SCHOOLS.

The earliest account of the schools of Bridgeport that can be gotten, dates back to a few years prior to the first action by the General Assembly of the State on the free school system. Wm. Scott, Esq., says that Samuel Fitch tanght a school in a room in his building, which stood where Alexander is now carrying on business, in about 1828-9. Richard Pollison tanght a school where the La Belle Honse now stands. He followed teaching there for a while, and then, in about 1834-5, he conducted a school in the small brick building which was in the meantime erected. This was the first school house built in the town. It is located on lot 29 of Daniel Zane's addition to the town. Mr. Zane donated the ground expressly for school purposes. The building is still occupied for a school, and is now used by the colored people.

Dr. Todd says: "The schools in 1866 were scattered for shel- ter, in various places, including the council chamber. The pres-

ent Union school house was built in 1866, at a cost of $14,000. Captain Thomas Clark did the wood work, Hiram Frasier the brick work, and Jacob Heinline the stone work. A. J. Baggs, architect. Building committee, the then school board; E. P. Rhodes, J. C. Tallman, W. W. Atkinson, M. A. Sharp, Henry Clayland and J. M. Todd. A very neat brick school house is provided for the colored youth apart from the Union school. Schools have a Superintendent, and eight teachers employed an- nually at salaries ranging from $30 to $122 per month. Branches of study include all intermediate grades from the pri- mary up to advanced mathematics, philosophy, astronomy, chemistry. Enumeration of scholars 1875, 642. Average attendanec, 462."

This building is a fine three story brick, and is situated in the southwest part of town, on an elevated site, and reflects much credit to the enterprising people of Bridgeport.

The present corps of teachers are as follows: D. P. Pratt, Superintendent; Miss Corrie Cooper, High school; Miss Retta Lafferty, Grammar school ; Misses A. M. Hartstein, Nora Jones, Lena Adolph, Mary Clayland, Agnes Reed; Libbie Newland (Ætnaville.) Professor of Music-J. W. Schofield.

The present Board of Education are as follows: Hon. Ross J. Alexander, President ; Dr. J. M. Todd, Clerk ; T. B. Smith, A. J. Baggs, Wm. Howells and Win. Alexander. These gentlemen have served for several years in this capacity.

In 1875 a brick school house costing $2,500, was ereeted in the north end of Bridgeport, which is known as Ætnaville. It was incorporated with the town in 1874.

The total number enrolled in the school for 1878, is 549 ; aver- aged attendance 359.

JOURNALISM.

The following article was written by Dr. Todd in 1876, and published in the Wheeling Intelligencer :

"Bridgeport is not without journalistic fame. For two years the proceedings of the Belmont Medical Society were published here. The "Belmont Farmer" by various parties, prior to 1848. It was about one-fourth the size of the Intelligencer, generally, but sometimes it grew beatifully less. It was intensely Whig in politics, especially under the editorial management of that stern old patriot, David Allen, As nearly as we can ascertain, it was established by J. D. Gray, and first edited by William B. Affleck, the Dr.'s brother.

Three years ago the Zevely family started a paper called the "Standard," which lasted only a few months. It claimed to be independent.

As Dr. J. G. Affleck has been the newspaper man of our town, a brief sketch of his life will not be uninteresting. The doctor was born in Drummelzier, Scotland, in 1802; came to America in 1819; studied medicine with Barton and Cook; first edited the National Historian in St. Clairsville from July 16, 1831. till June, 1833, buying out Horace J. Howard, a brother of Mrs. Affleck, and sold out to David MePherson, under whose admin- istration the paper changed its name to the Belmont Chronicle. He edited the True Blue from Somerton and Bridgeport, in con- nection with his brother, from June, 1840, to 1846. Its politics were Whig. One number of Angust, 1846, contains a call in flaming characters for a "Democratic Whig Convention." Af- terwards in Bridgeport " The Belmont Farmer," "The Dog," "The Cocoanut," all contained a series of reflections on the follies of mankind, taking his characters from well known Bridgeporters. The portraitures are immensely amusing. Then came his small sized "Belmont Farmer," with its expressive motto, viz: "What is the cursed multitude abont?" (Goethe). He enlarged it in 1847, with this motto : " Whilst some doubt of everything, and others profess to acknowledge everything, a wise man will em- brace such tenets, and only such as are built upon experience, or upon certain and indisputable axioms - Epicurus." And now, occasionally, he publishes " The Tidal Waves." His family phy- sician in Scotland was the celebrated African traveler, Mungo Park, living in the same neighborhood. The doetor bears on his arm Mungo's "trade mark," in the form of a large vaccina- tion scar. The doctor's mother was first consin of ex-Premier Gladstone, and he sat upon Latin and Greek benches with the great Dr. Chahners, for whom he has an ardent admiration, and with Pollock also, author of "The Course of Time." In 1818, by invitation, the doctor visited the Wyandotte reservation, ly- ing between Columbus and Lake Erie, and surveyed for them their lands, while he helped Rev. James B. Finley, a Methodist missionary, to convert the heathen. The doctor is now our old- est citizen, and as such we desire to eall attention to the many sterling qualities of head and heart the old man abundantly pos-

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HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTES.

sesses, and, in passing, to point him out as our centennial mile stone. He has the finest library by far in the town, or perhaps in the county, and we hazard nothing in saying we believe he knows more of its contents than any man in the county. Gen- erous and clever, hospitable and genial, of fine conversational powers, he is yet the Old Giant of our forest, under whose shade we love to linger. Long days yet be yours, full of enjoyment and life's rarest blessings we wish for you and your household, while your children's "bairnies cuddle your old gray hairs."

"Next to Dr. Affleck, Michael Eberly is our oldest citizen."

Dr. Affleck died of appoplexy, February 5, 1877.

BRIDGEPORT ON TAX DUPLICATES.

The following statistics are from Dr. Todd's centennial arti- ele in the Wheeling Intelligencer :

" In 1826 (as far back as the records go) and for a number of years thereafter, the personal property of Bridgeport was not divided from the township personal, so that for a while after 1826 only the value of the realty can be ascertained.

"The taxable revaluation of real estate in Bridgeport for the years-

1826 was

$ 8,800 00

1827 was

11,090 00

1828 was

11,095 00

1831 was 12,270 00

1836 was 19,680 00

1842 was.

20,000 00

1844 was

20,500 00

1848 was 59,000 00

1852 realty 78,900 00

Personal

388,518 00

"Included in the above personal is the Belmont Branch of the State Bank of Ohio, valned at $300,000, leaving the value of all property in Bridgeport at this date, less the Bank, at $167,418.

1851-Personal. $ 92,000

Bank, as above. 600,000

Realty.

117,644

Total $809,644

Less Bank

$600,000

Value Bridgeport, outside Bank $209,644

1858-Personal

84,421

Bank.

102,000

Realty

139,000

Total $325,421

Less Bank. 102,000

Value outside Bank $223,331

The crash of 1857 so alarmed and hurt the stockholders of the bank, that through fear and necessity they withdrew all their deposits except $2,000, hence the great falling off in the bank's report from 1854 to 1858, as above. The capital stock of the bank was $100,000.

1863-Personal .e. $124,045

Bank

109,000

Realty

106,085

Total $339,130

Less Bank 109,000

Value outside of Bank .$230,130

"The Belmont Branch Bank was wound up in 1863 by limita- tion of law controlling the Ohio State Bank and branches, and the First National took its place the same year.

1867-Personal $415,900

Realty. 149,000

Total .8574,900

1872-Personal

$380,500

Realty 268,000

Total

$648,500

1875-Personal .$480,800

66 Realty 314,200

Total

$795,000

"I do not give every year from 1826 on, as the valuation ehanged but little upon realty, and the figures submitted suffice to show the growth and increase of the town. For the same reason I have specified the Belmont Branch, of the State Bank of Ohio, as it could not fairly be recognized as an institution of Bridgeport proper.

"The amount of tax collected on the Grand county duplicate of Pease township, including lands, lots and personal property in 1828, for all purposes, only amounted to $1,005. The amount of tax charged to Bridgeport alone for 1875 amounts to about $15.500."

UNION CEMETERY.

The Union Cemetery of Bridgeport is beautifully located on an elevated site, two miles northwest of town. The corporate authorities recognizing the need of a new burial place, purchased this tract of eight acres in 1853, at a cost of $500. It was then laid off in lots and sold to different parties able to bny, reserving a certain portion for the interment of those unable to secure lots. The trustees of these grounds are George Giffin, E. P. Rhodes and T. C. Rowls.

The remains of many of the early settlers are interred in this spot. Few families, who have resided here for a decade or more, but are linked to this ground by kindred or friends, who sleep underneath its green sod.

The cemetery is being beautified by the planting of shrubbery, etc., etc.

The earliest burial grounds used, it is believed, by the town, Was the lot where the West End M. E. Church is now located, and the next near Scott's, west of town several miles.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK.

The First National Bank of Bridgeport is the old Belmont Branch, with a new organization and increased capital. The old bank was started in 1847. At a meeting of the stockholders, held Angust 27th of that year an organization was effected, with a capital stock of $100,000. The directors were Jacob Hollo- way, Ezekiel Harris, Henry Kennon, John Warfield, John Kin- sly, James Y. Patterson, John K. Newland, James A. Gray and Hugh MeNeeley.

John Warfield was elected president and John C. Tallman. cashier, which trust he most acceptably discharged through the history of that bank, and for thirteen years in the present one, until his death in April, 1876. The bank purchased the present site from Anderson & Dewey and commenced the crection of a bank building immediately after they organized,

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History of Belmont and Jefferson Counties, Ohio, and incidentially historical collection pertaining to border warfare and the early settlement of the adjacent portion of the Ohio Valley, Part 99

Author: Caldwell, J. A. (John Alexander) 1n; Newton, J. H., ed; Ohio Genealogical Society. 1n Publication date: 1880 Publisher: Wheeling, W. Va. : Historical Pub. Co. Number of Pages: 728

Author: Caldwell, J. A. (John Alexander) 1n; Newton, J. H., ed; Ohio Genealogical Society. 1n
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Wheeling, W. Va. : Historical Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 728