USA > Ohio > Cuyahoga County > History of Cuyahoga County, Ohio > Part 55
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Benjamin Ruggles, of St. Clairsville, (Belmont Co.), June 6, 1810; Nathan Perry, Cleveland, June 6, 1810; Angustus Gilbert, Cleveland, June 6, 1810; Timothy Doane, Euclid (now East Cleveland), June 6, 1810: Erastus Miles, Newburg, March 2, 1814; Elias Lee, Euclid, March 3, 1814; George Tod, Youngstown, (Mahoning Co.), November 2, 1815; John II. Strong, Cleveland, May 28, 1817; Thomas Card, Willoughby, (now Lake Co.), February 8, 1819; Samuel William- son, Cleveland, February 5, 1821 ; George Tod, Youngstown, reappointed February 24, 1823; Isaac M. Morgan, Brecksville, February 26, 1824; Nemiah Allen, Willoughby, February 8, 1825; Samuel Wil- liamson, Cleveland, reappointed February 5, 1828; Reuben Wood, Cleveland, March 29, 1830; Watrous Usher, Olmstead, February 26, 1831; Simeon Fuller, Willoughby, April 9, 1832; Matthew Birchard, War- ren, (Trumbull Co.), April 22, 1833; Eben Hosmer, Newburgh, October 6, 1834: Josiah Barber, Brook- lyn, March 17, 1835; Van R. Humphrey, Hudson, (Summit Co.), March 2, 1837; Samuel Cowles, Cleve- land, September 18, 1832; Daniel Warren, Warrens- ville, February 8, 1838; Frederick Whittlesey, Cleve- land, February 27, 1838; Jolin W. Willey, Cleveland, February 18, 1840; Reuben Hitchcock, Painesville, (Lake Co.), July 14, 1841; Benjamin Bissell, Paines- ville, January 22, 1842; Asher M. Coe, Dover, Feb- ruary 9, 1842; Joseph Hayward, Cleveland, February 9, 1842; Thomas M. Kelley, Cleveland, February 24. 1845; Philemon Bliss, Elyria, (Lorain Co.), February 24, 1849; Quintus F. Atkins, Cleveland, March 6, 1849; Benjamin Northrup, Strongsville, March 6,
212
GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.
1849; Samuel Starkweather, Cleveland, January 16, 1851.
Elected by the People for Five Years, with Year of Election:
Horace Foote, Cleveland, 1853; Thomas Bolton, Cleveland, 1856; Jesse P. Bishop, Cleveland, 1856; Horace Foole, re-elected 1858; Thomas Bolton, re- elected 1861; James M. Coffinberry, Cleveland, 1861; ITorace Foote, re-elected 1863; Samuel B. Prentiss, Cleveland, 1866; Ilorace Foote, re-elected 1868; Rob- ert F. Paine, Cleveland, 1869; Samuel B. Prentiss, re-elected 1871; Darius Cadwell, Cleveland, 1843; G. M. Barber, Cleveland, 1825; J. M. Jones, Cleveland, 1845; E. T. Hamilton, Cleveland, 1875; J. Il. Mc- Math, Cleveland, 1875; Samuel B. Prentiss, re-elected 1876; Darius Cadwell, Cleveland, re-elected 1848.
JUDGES OF THE PROBATE COURT .- Elected by the people for three years, with year of their election.
Flavel W. Bingham, Cleveland, 1851; Daniel R. Tilden, Cleveland, 1854; continuously re-elected to the present time.
PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. - AAppointed by the Court of Common Pleas, with date of appointment.
Peter Iliteheoek, Burton, (Geanga County) June 6, 1810; Alfred Kelley, Cleveland, November 7, 1810; Leonard Case, Cleveland, June 1, 1825; Sherlock J. Andrews, Cleveland, May 15, 1830; Varnum J. Card, Cleveland, November 5, 1832.
Elected by the people for two years, with year of elec- tion.
Varnum J. Card, 1838, and again in 1835; Simeon Ford, Cleveland, 1837; Thomas Bolton, Cleveland, 1839; F. T. Backus, Cleveland, 1841, and again in 1843; Bushnell White, Cleveland, 1845; Stephen I. Noble, Cleveland, 1847; Joseph Adams, Cleveland, 1849; Samuel Adams, Cleveland, 1851; Samuel Wil- liamson, Cleveland, 1853; A. G. Riddle, Cleveland, 1855; Loren Prentiss, Cleveland, 1857; A. T. Slade, Newburg, 1859; Bushnell White, Cleveland, 1861; Charles W. Palmer, Cleveland, 1863; M. S. Castle, Cleveland, 1865; J. M. Jones, Cleveland, 1867; E. P. Slade, Cleveland, 1869; Ilomer B. De Wolf, Cleve- land, 1871; William Robison, Cleveland, 1873; Sam- uel M. Eddy, Cleveland, 1875; John C. Hutchins, Cleveland, 1877.
CLERKS OF COURT OF COMMON PLEAS .- Appointed by the Court.
John Walworth, Cleveland, June 6, 1810; Horace Perry, Cleveland, November 14, 1812; re-appointed for seven years March 3, 1814, again November 10, 1820, and a third time October 16, 1822; Harvey Rice, Cleveland, October 17, 1834; Aaron Clark, Cleveland, October 19, 1841; Frederick Whittlesey, Cleveland, November 11, 1841; Aaron Clark, Novem-
ber 11, 1848; Robert F. Paine, Cleveland, October 27, 1849.
Elected by the people for three years, with year of election.
James D. Cleveland, Cleveland, 1851; John Barr, Cleveland, 1854; Roland D. Noble, Cleveland, 1857; Frederick J. Prentiss, Cleveland, 1860, and re-elected in 1863; Frederick S. Smith, Cleveland, 1866, and again in 1869; Benjamin S. Cogswell, Cleveland, 1872; Wilbur F. Himman, Cleveland, 1875; re-elected in 1878.
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS-Elected by the people for three years.
Jabez Wright, Cleveland, 1810; Nathaniel Doane, Cleveland, 1810; Erastus Miles, Newburg, 1811; Philo Taylor, Dover, 1813; Samuel S. Baldwin, New- burg, 1813; Samuel Dodge, Cleveland, 1814; Jared Pritchard, Cleveland, 1815; Theodore Miles, New- burg, 1815; Samuel Williamson, Cleveland, 1818; Thomas Card, Willoughby (now Lake Co.), 1818; Datus Kelley, Rockport, 1819; John Shaw, Euclid, 1819; Isaac M. Morgan, Brecksville, 1821; Lemuel Hoadley, Cleveland, 1822; Simon Fuller, Willoughby, 1823; David Long, Cleveland, appointed to fill a vacancy in 1824, and afterward elected same year; Noah Crocker, Dover, 1825; Johathan Fisher, Inde- pence, 1825; Philo Scovill, Cleveland, 1827; Jona- than Fisher, re-elected, 1828; Leverett Johnson, Dover, 1829; Job Doan, Cleveland, 1830; John B. Stewart, Royalton, 1831; Samuel Mellrath, Cleve- land, 1832; Seth S. Handerson, Newburg, 1833; David Harvey, Strongsville, 1834; Jonathan Fisher, Independence, 1835; Sammel Mellrath, Cleveland, 1836; John B. Stewart, Royalton, 1837; Diodate Clark, Brooklyn, 1838; Moses Jewett, Newburg, 1839, Vespasian Stearns, Olmsted, 1840; Diodate Clark, re- elected, 1841; Noah Graves, Chagrin Falls, 1842, Theodore Breek, Brecksville, 1843; Diodate Clark, re-elected, 1844; Ezra Eddy, Mayfield, 1845; Alva H. Brainard, Newburg, 1846; Diodate Clark, re-elected, 1847; Ezra Eddy, re-elected, 1848, Jason Bradley, Dover, 1849; Diodate Clark, re-elected, 1850; John Welsh, East Cleveland, 1851; Jason Bradley, re- elected, 1852; Melanchton Barnett, Cleveland, 1853; Francis Branch, Brooklyn, 1854; William W. Rich- ards, Solon, 1855; Azariah Everett, Cleveland, 1856; Francis Branch, re-elected, 1857; William W. Rich- ards, re-elected, 1858; Azariah Everett, re-elected, 1859; John Barnum, Rockport, 1860; David Hoege, Mayfield, 1861; Randall Crawford, Cleveland, 1862; John Barnum, re-elected, 1863; Charles Force, Cha- grin Falls, 1864; Randall Crawford, re-elected, 1865; Marius Moore, Dover, 1866; David Iloege, Mayfield, 1867; Randall Crawford, re-elected, 1868; John Geis- sendorfer, Independence, 1869; David Hoege, re- elected, 1870; Randall Crawford, re-elected, 1871; Charles Jackson, Orange, appointed to fill a vacancy, 1872; John Geissendorfer, re-elected, 1872; Charles
213
CUYAHOGA COUNTY CIVIL LIST.
Jackson, 1813; George A. Schlatterbeck, Cleveland, 1874; Philander B. Gardner, Berea, 1875; Charles Jackson, re-elected, 1876; George A. Schlatterbeck, re-elected, 1877; Josiah W. Hurst, Dover, 1828.
CLERKS OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. - Appointed by the Board.
Jabez Wright, Cleveland, 1810; Erastus Miles. Newburg, 1811; Nathaniel Doane, Cleveland, 1812: Samuel S. Baldwin, Newburg, 1813; Nathaniel Doane, 1814; Theodore Miles, Newburg, 1815, again in 1816 and 1812; Samuel Dodge, Cleveland, 1818: I. B. Lee, Cleveland, 1818, and again in 1819 and 1820; John Shaw, Euclid, 1821; Leonard Case, Cleve- land, 1821.
From this period the duties of the clerk devolved upon the county auditor, ec-officio.
AUDITORS-Elected by the people for two years, with year of election.
Leonard Case, Cleveland, 1822; John W. Willey, Cleveland, 1824; re-elected in 1826; Orville B. Skin- ner, Cleveland, 1828; re-elected in 1830 and 1832; Arvis S. Chapman, Cleveland, appointed to fill var- aney, 1834; Samuel Williamson, Cleveland, 1834; re- elected in 1836, 1838 and 1840: James 1. Briggs, Cleveland, 1842; re-elected in 1844 and 1846; D. R. Whipple, Cleveland, 1818; Albert Clark, Cleveland, appointed for unexpired term 1848; re-elected in 1850; Charles Winslow, Cleveland, 1852; William Fuller, Brooklyn, 1854; re-elected in 1856 and 1858: Henry C. Hawkins, Cleveland, 1860; re-elected in 1862; Ansel Roberts, Cleveland, 1864; re-elected in 1866; William S. Jones, Cleveland, 1868; re-elected in 1870 and 1822; L. D. Benedict, Cleveland, appointed to fill vacancy 1874; elected also 1875; L. F. Bauder, Cleveland, elected to a term of three years, 1877.
SHERIFFS-Appointed by the Court of Common Pleas.
Smith S. Baldwin, Cleveland, 1810-13; Harvey Murray, Cleveland, 1813, one month; Eben Hosmer, Newburg, 1813-17; Enoch Murray, Cleveland, 1817- 19; Seth Doan, Cleveland, 1819-24; James S. Clark, Euclid, 1824-30.
Elected by the people for two years with date of us- suming office.
A. S. Barnum, Rockport, November 1, 1834; Seth S. Henderson, Newburg, November 1, 1836; re-elected 1838; Madison Miller, Cleveland, November 1, 1840; re-elected 1842; Huron Beebe, Cleveland, November 1, 1844; re-elected 1846; Elias S. Root, Cleveland, Nov- ember 1, 1848; Alva II. Brainard, Bedford, November 1, 1850; Seth A. Abbey, Cleveland, November 4, 1852; Miller M. Spangler, November 6, 1854; re- elected 1856; David L. Wightman, Warrensville, January 3, 1839; James A. Craw, Cleveland, January 7, 1861; Edgar HI. Lewis, Cleveland, January 5, 1863; Felix Nicola, Cleveland, January 2, 1865; re-elected
1866; John N. Frazee, Cleveland, January 4, 1869; re-elected 1820; Pardon B. Smith, Cleveland, January 6, 1843; A. P. Winslow, Cleveland, January 2, 1875; John M. Wilcox, Cleveland, January 1, 1877; re- elected to begin January 1st, 1879.
TREASURERS-Appointed by the County Commis- sioners, with time of service.
Asa Dille, Cleveland; 1810-11. Erastus Miles, Newburg; 1811-14. David Long, Cleveland, 1814- 16. Daniel Kelley, Cleveland, 1816-28.
Elerted by the people for two years, with year of election.
Gaius Burk, Newburg, 1828; re-elected in 1830. Edward Baldwin, Cleveland, 1832; re-elected in 1834, '36, '38, '40 and '42. De Witt Clinton Baldwin, Cleveland, appointed for unexpired term, 1843; Me- lanethon Barnett, Cleveland, 1844: re-elected in 1846 and '48. George C. Dodge, Cleveland, 1850; re- elected in 1852 and '54. William Waterman, Cleve- land, 1856; re-elected in 1858. Harvey Burke, New- burg, 1860. A. M. Burke, Newburg, appointed fo fill vacancy, 1861. Henry S. Whittlesey, Cleveland, 1862; re elected in 1864. Joseph Turney, Newburg, 1866; re-elected in 1868. Frank Lynch, Cleveland, 1869 (year of election changed); re-elected in 1871. F. W. Pelton, Cleveland, 1823; re-elected in 1825. Moses G. Watterson, Cleveland, 1817.
RECORDERS-Appointed by the Court of" Common Pleas, with time of service.
John Walworth, Cleveland, 1810-12. Horace Perry, Cleveland, 1812-34.
Elected by the people for three years, with year of election.
Joseph B. Bartlett, Cleveland, 1834; re-elected in 1837. James B. Finney, Cleveland, 1840. William Richards, Cleveland, 1843; re-elected in 1846. Charles Winslow, Cleveland, 1849. Lee Ford, Bed- ford, 1852. John Packard, Cleveland, 1855; re- elected 1858. James Brokenshire, Cleveland, 1861. Benjamin Lamson, Bedford, 1864: re-elected 1867. Edward H. Bohm, Cleveland, 1820; re-elected 1873; Asa M. Vansickle, Independence, 1876.
SURVEYORS-Appointed by the Court of Common Pleas, with time of service.
Samuel S. Baldwin, Newburg, 1810-1823; Edwin Foote, Brooklyn, 1823-1828; Ahaz Merchant, Cleve- land, 1828-1833.
Elected by the people for three years, with year of election.
Ahaz Merchant, Cleveland, 1833; William R. Coon, Dover, 1836; William II. Knapp, Independence, 1839; re-elected in 1842; Ahaz Merchant, Cleveland. 1845; re-elected 1848; J. C. Saxton, East Cleveland, 1851; Aaron Merchant, Cleveland, 1854; re-elected
214
GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAIIOGA COUNTY.
in 1857, 1860, 1863, and 1866; John M. Ackley, Brooklyn, 1869; re-elected in 18:2; C. II. Burgess, Cleveland, 1875; re-elected 1878.
STATE SENATORS.
1803, Samuel Huntington, Cleveland; 1821-22, Alfred Kelley, Cleveland; 1823-24, Jabez Wright, Cleveland; 1825-29, Renben Wood, Cleveland; 1830- 32, John W. Willey, Cleveland; 1833-34, Frederick Whittlesey, Cleveland; 1835-36, John W. Allen, Cleveland; 1837-28, Simeon Fuller, Willoughby (then in Cuyahoga county); 1839-40, Richard Lord, Ohio City; 1843-44, Moses Kelley, Cleveland; 1847- 48, Franklin T. Backus, Cleveland; 1849-50, Henry B. Payne, Cleveland; 1852-53, Harvey Rice, Cleve- land; 1854-55, John A. Foot, Cleveland; 1856-57, Iliram Griswold, Cleveland; 1858-59, William Slade, Jr., Cleveland; 1860-61, Theodore Breck, Brecks- ville: 1862-63, John P. Robison, Cleveland; 1864-67, Samuel Williamson, Cleveland; 1868-69, David A. Dangler, Cleveland; 1870-71, W. S. Streator, Cleve- land; 1872-73, Benjamin R. Beavis, Cleveland; Al- lan T. Brinsmade, Cleveland; 1874-75, Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls; William Bingham, Cleveland; 1876-77, Julius C. Schenck, Cleveland; Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls; 1878-79, Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls.
REPRESENTATIVES IN THE STATE ASSEMBLY.
1804, .Amos Spafford, Cleveland; 1806, James Kingsbury, Cleveland; 1809, Amos Spafford, Cleve- land; 1811, Samuel Huntington, Cleveland; 1812, Samuel S. Baldwin, Newburg; 1813, John H. Strong, Cleveland; 1814-16, Alfred Kelley, Cleveland; 1817- 18, Lewis Dille, Euclid; 1819, Alfred Kelley, Cleve- land; 1820, Lewis Dille, Euelid; 1821, Josiah Barber, Brooklyn; 1822, Elias Lee, Enolid; 1823, William Coleman, Euclid; 1824-26, Leonard Case, Cleveland; 1824, Josiah A. Harris, Cleveland; 1828-29, John W. Willey, Cleveland; 1830, Harvey Rice, Cleveland; 1831-32, Job Doan, Cleveland; 1833, Timothy Doan, Euclid; 1834-35, Nehemiah Allen, Willoughby (then in Cuyahoga county); 1836, Philo Scovill, Cleveland; 1837, John A. Foot, Cleveland; Leverett Johnson, Do- ver; 1838, Leverett Johnson, Dover; William B. Lloyd, Cleveland; 1839, William B. Lloyd, Cleveland: 1840, Leverett Johnson, Dover; J. II. Vincent, Chagrin Falls; 1841-42, Thomas M. Kelley, Cleveland; 1843, Samuel McIrath, Cleveland; David Harvey, Strongs- ville; 1844, David Harvey, Strongsville; John M. Woolsey, Cleveland; 1845, David Harvey, Strongs- ville; 1846, Franklin T. Backus, Cleveland: Theodore Breck, Brecksville: 1847, Theodore Brecksville: 1848, Leverett Johnson, Dover; 1849, John Gill, Cleveland; 1850, Samuel Williamson, Cleveland; 1852-53, Arthur Ilughes, Cleveland; George T. Barnum, Rockport; 1854-55. James Tousley, Royalton; Erasmus D. Bur- ton, Euchid: 1856-57, Leverett Johnson, Dover; Isaac Brayton, Newburg; Geo. Mygatt, Cleveland; 1858-59. A. C. Garduer, Cleveland; John Watson, Cleveland;
Richard C. Parsons, Cleveland; 1860-61, Richard C. Parsons (speaker); C. T. Blakeslee, Chagrin Falls; 1862-63, Franklin J. Dickman, Cleveland; Charles II. Babcock, Brooklyn; Seneca O. Griswold, Cleveland. 1864-65, Charles II. Babcock, Brooklyn; Azariah Ev- erett, Cleveland; Charles B. Lockwood, Cleveland. 1866-67, Charles B. Lockwood, Cleveland; David A. Dangler, Cleveland; Morris E. Gallup, Cleveland. 1868-69, Moses E. Gallup, Cleveland; N. B. Sherwin, Cleveland; Robert B. Dennis, Cleveland. 1870-71, Robert B. Dennis, Cleveland; George A. IInbbard, Cleveland; William N. Hudson, Cleveland; Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls. 1872-73, HIarvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls; Charles H. Babcock, Brooklyn; William C. McFarland, Cleveland; George Noakes, Cleveland; Henry M. Chapman, Euclid. 1874-75, IIenry M. Chapman, Euclid; John M. Cooley, Dover. Joseph M. Poe, Brooklyn; John P. Holt, Cleveland; Orlando J. Hodge, Cleveland. 1876-77, Orlando J. Hodge, Cleveland; John Fehrenbatch, Cleveland; Theodore Breck, Brecksville; Harry Sorter, Mayfield; Marshall L. Dempcey, Warrensville. 1878-79, Mar- shall L. Dempey, Warrensville; John C. Covert, Cleveland; George II. Foster, Cleveland; L. A. Palmer, Rockport; Joseph M. Poe, Brooklyn.
MEMBERS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS.
The first Constitutional Convention met November 1, 1802, at Chillicothe. The delegates from Trum- bull county were David Abbott, of Willoughby, and Samuel Huntington, of Cleveland.
The second Constitutional Convention met at Co- lumbus, May 6, 1850. Sherlock J. Andrews repre- sented Cuyahoga county.
The third Constitutional Convention convened at Columbus, May 13, 1823; the following being the delegates from Cuyahoga county: Sherlock J. An- drews, Martin A. Foran, Seneca O. Griswold, Jacob Mueller, Amos Townsend.
CHAPTER XLIII.
GEOLOGY *
The Map The Transition Period-Condition of Eastern Ohiothen-The Open Sea-Its Inhabitants-The Erie Shales-Cleveland Shales-Bed- ford Shales-Berea Grit-Cuyahoga Shales-Carboniferous Conglom. erate-Topography-Surface Deposits-Oil and Gas Wells-Pre-glacial Scenery.
A STUDY of the map accompanying this sketch, which was prepared by Professor Newberry for the Ohio geological reports, will make it easy to under- stand the geological structure of the county, which is simple and easily made out from the many contin- uous exposures of the rock strata in the valleys of the streams. All of the indurated rocks of the county are now regarded as sub-carboniferous, and as depos- ited in that transition period which preceded the deposition of the coal measure rocks.
* By M. C. Read, A. M., Lecturer on Geology in Western Reserve College, Hudson, Ohio.
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF
BY J. S. NEWBERRY, M. D.
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GEOLOGY.
At the commencement of this period, the whole of the eastern half of the State of Ohio constituted a part of the open sea, with the shore line of the land on the west extending from Erie county south ward, along a line passing a little to the east of Columbus, thence into what is now the State of Kentucky, the ocean extending around this headland into the State of Indiana, occupying the greater part of Illinois, and a broad expanse to the west.
This ancient sea was inhabited by a variety of fish, among them the most remarkable ganoids known, some of which are described by Professor Newberry in the geological reports. It supported, also, a mass of fucoids and other sea-weeds, and in it was gradually laid down that great mass of carbonaceous shale, the outerops of which may be seen along a line running from Erie county southward through the State, via Delaware county, and which, with a thickness of sev- eral hundred feet, underlies the exposed rocks of this county. It is regarded as the great source of supply of the oil-wells of Pennsylvania and of the gas-wells of Northern Ohio.
Over this, and in comparatively quiet waters, were deposited the Erie shales, colored green upon the map, being the oldest rocks exposed in their natural bed in the county. They are composed of soft, fria- ble, bluish-green shales, with bands of impure lime- stone, containing a profusion of fossils. They are in this county about five hundred feet in thickness, di- minishing to the west and steadily increasing in thickness to the east, and are regarded as the equiva- lent of the upper half of the Portage group of the New York geologists. In Pennsylvania they contain bands of coarse sandstone, constituting the lower sand rocks of the oil regions. In this county fissures in the shale are in places filled with dessicated petro- lenm, resembling albertite, and having essentially the same chemical composition. Where exposed they disclose no valuable minerals in sutlicient quantity to be of any practical importance.
CLEVELAND SHALE.
After the deposition of the Erie shales the condi- tions became such that a large growth of vegetation was supported in and on the shores of the open water, by the partial decomposition of which the sediment was filled with carbonaceous matter, which, com- pressed and consolidated, formed the Cleveland shale. This is a bed of black, highly bituminous shale, con- taining ten to fifteen per cent. of combustible matter, and is the source of supply of most of the oil wells and springs in northeastern Ohio. The shale is tough, in thin layers, and when exposed to the air becomes red from the slow consumption of the car- bonaceous matter and the peroxidization of the iron.
The formation is in this county from twenty to sixty feet thick, the lower half often taking on the characteristics of the Erie shale below, showing that the changed conditions at the time of its deposition were not uniform over the county. Prof. Newberry
has obtained from this shale at Bedford quite a nun- ber of fish teeth, consisting of species of Polyrhizo- dus, Cludodus and Orodus; all carbonaceous sharks.
The surfaces of the shale are also in this locality sometimes covered with little comb-like fossils de- scribed by Pander, the Russian paleontologist, under the name of Conodonts and supposed by him to be the teeth of small sharks. These I think will prove to be dermal ossicles of cartilagenous fishes, and to be most nearly allied to the shagreen that covers some portions of the sturgeon. (Prof. N., Vol. I, Ohio Ge- ology.) Other eminent palæontologists regard them as the teeth of innelidx. It has also yieldled finely preserved specimens of the palatal teeth of Clenodus Wagneri (NEWB.), of one specimen of which he has furnished me an excellent cast.
The analysis of this shale by Prof. Wormley gives the following as its composition:
Water, 1.10; carthy matter, 82.10; volatile matter. 6.90: fixed carbon, 4.90: 100.00. Combustible mat- ter, 11.80; gas per lb. 0.62 cu. ft.
Should the supply of petroleum from wells fail it could be profitably obtained from this shale by distil- lation.
BEDFORD SHALES.
After the deposition of the Cleveland shales the conditions were again changed and the sediment con- tained but little carbonaceous matter, the coloring material of the rocks being the blue carbonate of iron. The material deposited was a mixture of argillaceons and siliceous mud, forming clay shales where the for- mer predominated and sandstone where the latter pre- dominated. The upper part of this deposit is in places conspicuously red at the outerops, the result of peroxidization of the iron.
At the Newburg, Kingsbury and East Cleveland quarries the deposit is a fine-grained, blue quarry-rock. a serviceable stone for walls, window sills, etc., and for sawing into flagging stone, but requires a careful selection to exclude that containing iron sulphide. which by oxydization will color and disintegrate the stone. A single firm at East Cleveland furnishes about fifty thousand square feet of flagging stone per year from this rock, and that from Newburg is ex- tensively used both in and out of the county. The lower portion carries large numbers of molluscous fos- sils. In the first volume of the Ohio Reports these quarries were described as on the same horizon as the " Buena-Vista " stone of the Sciota valley, which has an excellent reputation and is quite similar to this Cuyahoga stone; but Prof. Orton in a recent report. in Ohio statisties (1848) locates this " Buena-Vista" immediately above the Berea. Additional work is needed for positive identification.
BEREA GRIT.
From the sediment deposited immediately above the Bedford shale the argillaecons matter was washed out and carried away by running water or shore waves, leaving a nearly homogeneous mass of water-washed
916
GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.
sand, which was subsequently consolidated into rock, and constitutes the famous Berea stone, called some- times the Amherst stone, the Independence stone, the Ohio stone, etc., of Northern Ohio. It is a build- ing stone of great excellence, the best in the State, and equal to the best obtained anywhere. It is about sixty feet thick, fine grained, compact, strong and durable, generally quite homogeneons, and often in massive layers which split with great facility along the lines of deposition, and can be quarried in large or small blocks as the wants of the consumer require. Generally the upper part is in thinner layers, and suitable for flagging stone. The lower part is ordina- rily massive, or in thick layers. It furnishes superior material for grindstones, and is the basis of import- ant industries in the country, the shipments from Berea alone aggregating about ten thousand car-loads a year.
The outerop of this rock is in places covered by the drift, but can be traced from Olmstead Falls through Berea in Middleburgh township, Parma, Inde- pendence and Brecksville on the west side of the Cuya- hoga, through Newburg, East Cleveland and Euclid, thenee up the Chagrin river through Mayfield and Orange township to Chagrin Falls, where it forms the bed of the river, and down the river on the opposite side to Gates Mills, where it trends eastwardly into Geauga county. In all of these townships excellent quarries could be opened, and the prospective value of this rock within the limits of the county can hardly be computed. In most of the townships quarries are already opened, and there is no city in the United States which can be supplied with a first-class build- ing stone in much larger quantities and at cheaper rates than Cleveland.
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