USA > Ohio > Montgomery County > Dayton > History of Dayton, Ohio. With portraits and biographical sketches of some of its pioneer and prominent citizens Vol. 1 > Part 2
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CHAPTER XVIII.
Manufactures-Connection Between Manufactures and Agriculture-William Hamer's Mill-Mr. D. C. Cooper's Sawmill and "Corn Cracker"-Matthew Patton's Cabinet Making-Robert Patterson's Fulling Mill-James Bennett's Wool Carding -- Suth- erland's Carding Machine-His Sudden Disappearance-Emory, Houghtons & Company's Nail Factory-Elias Favorite's Hat Factory-William H. Brown, the First Gunsmith-Thomas Clegg's Operations-Henry Diehl's Chair Factory-Jethro Wood's Patent Plows-Washington Cotton Factory-Greer & King-Hiram Wyatt's Cracker Factory-Thomas Brown-S. N. Brown & Company-Crawford's Last Fac- tory-Miami Cotton Mill-Cooper Cotton Factory-Dayton Carpet Factory-Osceola Mills-Strickler, Wilt & Company-Clock Factory-Portable Threshing Machines- Marble Works-W. & F. C. Estabrook-Pritz & Kuhns-The Moore Grain Drill -- Sachs-Pruden Ale Company-The Me.d Paper Company-W. P. Callahan & Com- pany-F. Benjamin, Ax Factory-Beaver & Butt-John Rouzer-Buckeye Iron and Brass Works-The Aughe Plow-Columbia Bridge Works-The Pitts Thresher and Separator-Barney & Smith Manufacturing Company-Dayton Manufacturing Com- pany-Pinneo & Daniels-John Dodds-Dayton Buggy Works-Stilwell & Bierce Manufacturing Company-Breweries-McSherry & Company-Mellose & Lyon- Farmers' Friend Manufacturing Company-Cracker Factories -- Brownell & Com- pany-Other Manufacturing Companies-The Hydraulics-Dayton Gas Light and Coke Company-Dayton Electric Light Company-Natural Gas-United Brethren Publishing House-Christian Publishing Association-The Reformed Publishing Company-Conclusion. 390
vii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIX.
PAGE.
The Bench and Bar of Dayton-Early Legislation Establishing Courts-First Courts Held in Dayton-Jurisdiction-English Common Law-Roman Civil Law-Early Amer- ican and English Lawyers-Common Pleas Court-Judges-Superior Court-Judges -- Personnel of the Dayton Bar, Etc ... 472
. CHAPTER XX.
Medical History-Early Medical Societies-Early Physicians-The First Medical Bill- Dr. John Steele-Other Early Physicians-Dr. Job Haine :- Dr. John W. Shriver -Dr. Oliver Crook-Dr. Clarke McDermont-Other Deceased Physicians-Dr. John Wise-Dr. J. C. Reeve-Dr. Ellis Jennings-Dr. W. J. Conklin-Dr. D. W. Greene -Dr. C. H. Von Klein-Dr. George Goodhue-Dr. John S. Beck-Dr. A. E. Jenner- Dr. James M. Weaver-Dr. J. J. Mellhenny-Dr. E. Pilate-Dr. P. N. Adams -- Dr. C. H. Pollock-Dr. H. K. Steele-Dr. A. H. Iddings -- The Montgomery County Medical Society-Homeopathie Physicians-Dr. W. Webster-Dr. J. E. Lowes- Dr. W. Thomas-Dr. W. H. Grundy, deceased-The Montgomery County Homeo- pathic Medical Society-The Mad River Dental Society-Early Dentistry and Dentists --- Later Dentists-The Cholera in Dayton in 1819 520
CHAPTER XXI.
Literature, Music, and Art-Early Writers-J. W. Van Cleve-W. D. Howells-Maskel E. Curwen-W. D. Bickham-Isaac Strohm-Gertrude Strohm-Hon. G. W. Houk -- Mrs. G. W. Houk -- Mrs. L. B. Lair-Miss Mary D. Steele-Mrs. Charlotte Reeve Conover --- Miss Leila A. Thomas-Samuel C. Wilson-Rev. M. P. Gaddis-Rev. J. W. Hott, D. D .- Professor A. W. Drury, D. D .- Bishop J. Weaver, D. D .-- Rev. E. S. Lorenz, A. M .- Rev. M. R. Drury, A. M .- Rev. L. Davis, D. D .- Rev. W. J. Shuey-Rev. D. K. Flickinger, D. D .- John Lawrence-Rev. D. Berger, D. D .- Professor J. P. Landis, D. D., Ph. D .- Mrs. Isadore S. Bash-E. L. Shuey, A. M .- Rev. D. H. French, D. D .- Rev. E. Herbruck, Ph. D .- Dr. J. C. Reeve-Dr. W. J. Conklin-Edward B. Grimes-Dr. C. H. Von Klein-Robert W. Steele-Pearl V. Collins-Dayton Literary Union-Woman's Literary Club-Early Musical History -Music Teachers-Vocalists-Instrumentalists-Composers-Philharmonic Society -Harmonia Society-Y. M. C. A. Orchestra-Other Societies-Charles Soule, Sr .-- Mrs. Clara Soule Medlar-Mrs. Octavia Soule Gottschall -- Charles Soule, Jr .-- Edmond Edmondson-John Insco Williams-Mrs. Williams-Mrs. Eva Best -- T. Buchanan Read - Mrs. Mary Forrer Peirce -- Miss H. Sophia Loury - Mrs. Elizabeth Rogers-Effie A. Rogers-Miss Laura C. Birge-Hugo B. Froehlich- Harvey J. King-The Decorative Art Society-Otto Beck-Miss Mary Burrowes -The Misses Edgar-Valentine H. Swartz-Early Architecture-Daniel Waymire -- Joseph Peters-Recent Architecture-Leon Beaver-Peters and Burns-Charles J. Williams. 546
CHAPTER XXII.
The Press-Early Newspapers-The Repertory-Ohio Centinel-Ohio Republican -- Ohio Watchman-The Gridiron-Other Early Papers-Daily Journal-Log Cabin-Daily Transcript- Daily City Item- Gazette- Democrat- Volkszeitung - Daily Herald- Monitor-Religious Telescope-German Telescope-Other Religious Papers ....... 572
CHAPTER XXIII,
Church History-First Presbyterian Church-Third Street Presbyterian Church-Park Presbyterian Church - Fourth Presbyterian Church - Memorial Presbyterian Church - United Presbyterian Church -- First Regular Baptist Church -- Wayne Street Baptist Church-Linden Avenue Baptist Church-Zion Baptist Church-
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HISTORY OF DAYTON.
PAGE.
Grace Methodist Episcopal Church-Raper Methodist Episcopal Church-Davisson Methodist Episcopal Church-Sears Street Methodist Episcopal Church-First German Methodist Episcopal Church-Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church -- St. Paul's-Wesleyan-Christ Church-Ascension Chapel-First United Brethren- Second United Brethren-Third United Brethren-Summit Street United Brethren -High Street United Brethren-Oak Street United Brethren-Broadway Christian -Brown Street Christian-Emmanuel Church Evangelical Association-Wayne Avenne Evangelical Association - First Reformed-Second Reformed -Trinity Reformed-Hebrew Congregation-First English Lutheran -- St. John's Evangel- ical Lutheran-St. John's German Evangelical Lutheran-First Orthodox Congre- gational-The Catholic Churches-Dayton Ministerial Association-General Boards of the United Brethren Church-Young Men's Christian Association-Woman's Christian Association. 590
CHAPTER XXIV.
City Graveyard - Woodland Cemetery-St. Henry's Cemetery - Calvary Cemetery- Hebrew Cemetery 643
CHAPTER XXV.
Transportation Interests-The Miami and Erie Canal -- The Railroads-The Street Railroads. . 650
CHAPTER XXVI.
Insurance-Early History of Insurance-First Company Organized in Dayton-Mont- gomery County Mutual Fire Insurance Company-Dayton Insurance Company- Large Number of Companies Organized-Central Insurance Company-Miami Valley Insurance Company-Farmers' and Merchants' Fire and Marine Insurance Company-Ohio Insurance Company-Other Companies-General Remarks ............ 659
CHAPTER XXVII.
Public Institutions-St. Elizabeth Hospital-Dayton Asylum for the Insane-Widows' Home-Childrens' Home. 666
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Societies-Masonic Lodges-St. John's Lodge-Unity Chapter, Number 16-Reese Coun- cil, Number 9-Reed Commanderv, Number 6-Other Masonic Lodges-Odd Fellow Lodges-Montgomery Lodge, Number 5-Dayton Encampment, Number 2 -Other Odd Fellow Lodges and Associations -- Knights of Pythias -- Miami Lodge, Number 32 -- Humboldt Lodge, Number 58-Iola Lodge, Number 83 -- Other Knights of Pythias Lodges-Druids-Franklin Grove, Number 8-Victoria Circle, Number 3 -United Workmen-Miami Lodge, Number 16-Teutonia Lodge, Number 21- Other Lodges -- Earnshaw Rifles-Howard Council, Number 161, Royal Arcanum -United American Mechanics -- Fulton Council, Number 15-Other Councils- Grand Army Posts-The Dayton Club 673
CHAPTER XXIX.
Biographical Sketches-Eliam E. Barney-Eugene J. Barney-Thomas Brown-John R. Brownell-William Dickey -- Robert R. Dickey-William P. Huffman-George P. Huffman-Stephen J. Patterson-Thomas A. Phillips-George Levis Phillips- Louis H. Poock-John Ronzer -- E. Fowler Stoddard-Edmond S Young. 687
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Published by U. B. Publishing House, DAYTON, OHIO.
Copyright, 1888, by W. J. SHUEY.
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MONUMENT
Hydraulic Race
HISTORY OF DAYTON.
CHAPTER I.
Indian History-Mound Builders-Dayton Earthworks-French and English Claim the Ohio Valley-Indian· Titles Extinguished-Ohio One of the Greatest of the Indian Battle- fields-Indian Trails-Dayton in the Indian Hunting Ground-Wild Animals and Birds-The Twightwee or Miami Villages-Shawnee Towns-Pickaway Plains-The Miamis Head of a Confederacy-Gist Visits the Miamis in 1751-Visits the Shawnees- Obio Land Company-Celoron de Bienville Claims the Ohio Valley for the French -Ascends the Big Miami-The French Destroy Pickawillany-French Build Posts at Erie and Venango-Fort Duquesne-English do not Assist the Indians -- The Miamis Allies of the French in 1763-The English Destroy the Miami Villages-Miamis Remove to Fort Wayne-France Cedes the Northwest to England-Pontiac's War -- Captain Bullitt Visits Chillicothe in 1773-Lord Dunmore's War-Daniel Boone a . Captive at Chillicothe-Colonel Bowman's Expedition from Kentucky Against Chillicothe-Byrd's Force of British and Indians Invade Kentucky-Rogers Clarke's Expedition to Ohio-Four Thousand Shawnees Rendered Homeless-Broadhead Defeats the Delawares --- Crawford's Expedition-Clarke's Second Expedition-Skirmish on Site of Dayton -- Logan's Campaign in 1786-Second Skirmish on Site of Dayton- Gratitude Due to General Clarke-Symmes Visits Upper Miami Valley-Harmar's Defeat-Scott and Wilkinson's Raid-St. Clair's Defeat-General Wayne's Campaign- Treaty of Peace-British Vacate Western Forts in 1796-Tecumseh -- Friendly Indians at Pique in 1812-Fidelity of Logan-Black Hoof-Tribes all Removed from Ohio before 1843.
T' THE vast and fertile region known as the Northwest Territory was the home of a race of people of whom the origin and destiny is unknown, and the theories concerning whom, at the most, can only be called conjecture. The Indians who occupied that portion of the territory now known as Ohio, when it was first visited by the whites, manifested no curiosity concerning the history of this people, and had no traditions
NOTE .- In the preparation of the part of the HISTORY OF DAYTON ( from the beginning down to 1840, inclusive ) assigned to me, indebtedness is acknowledged to the " History of Dayton," by M. E. Curwen, and to that part of the " History of Montgomery County " relating to Dayton, written by Ashley Brown. Use has been made of manuscript letters and papers, particularly of the manuscript journal of Benjamin Van Cleve, kindly loaned to me by his great-grandson, R. Fay Dover. The volumes of Dayton newspapers from 1808 to 1841, in the Public Library, have been thoroughly searched, and a large part of the information embodied in the history obtained from them. The following authorities have been consulted: Bancroft's "History of the United States," J. P. McLean's " Mound Builders," " The American Pioneer Magazine," Howe's " Ohio Historical Collections," Prof. Orton's " Report on the Geology of Montgomery County," Black's "Story of Ohio," and King's " History of Ohio."
I am also under the greatest obligations to my daughter, Mary D. Steele, for invaluable assistance.
R. W. S.
2 .
9
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HISTORY OF DAYTON.
in regard to them. They were called Mound Builders, because of the numerous mounds found in different parts of the country, but principally along the river valleys. Many of the mounds have been excavated, but no articles have been found that indicate a high degree of civilization, and it may be that their builders were not very different from the Indians and had been driven from their homes by more powerful tribes who invaded the country. 'The earthworks built by them were of two kinds- mounds and enclosures. The mounds were located at points commanding a wide view of the surrounding country, and it is supposed were used for purposes of observation or burial. The enclosures, many of which were of great extent, may have been intended for defense, or for places of worship. There are more than ten thousand of these earthworks in Ohio, and, in addition to many smaller ones, three of considerable size in Montgomery County-an enclosure on a commanding bluff in Twin Creek valley, two miles south of Germantown; a large mound near Miamisburg, and an enclosure now included in Calvary Cemetery, just south of Dayton. J. P. McLean, in his work "The Mound Builders," thus describes the latter two: "The great mound at Miamisburg has been assigned to the class called mounds of observation. It is situated on a high hill just east of the Great Miami River, and has a commanding view of the broad valley of the river. It is sixty-eight feet in perpendic- ular height, and eight hundred and fifty-two in circumference at its base, and contains three hundred and eleven thousand three hundred and fifty-three cubic feet." "South of Dayton on a hill one hundred and sixty feet high is a fort, enclosing twenty-four acres. The gateway on the south is covered in the interior by a ditch twenty feet wide and seven hundred feet long. On the northern line of embankment is a small mound, from the top of which a full view of the country for a long distance up and down the river may be obtained."
When the first white men penetrated the forests that covered the Ohio valley, the country was inhabited by various tribes of Indians. But while the Indians were the possessors of the land, the ownership of it was claimed by three great nations, France, England, and Spain. Spain was content to have her claim settled on other battle-fields, but France and England entered into a fierce contest for possession within the territory itself.
The French asserted that the discovery of the Ohio in 1669 by their countryman, La Salle, gave the valley watered by the river and its tributaries to France; but the English resisted the pretensions of the French, and insisted that the discovery and occupation of the Atlantic coast gave them possession of the continent, and that before the French
11
INDIAN HISTORY.
began their explorations, the lands granted by Great Britain to colonists were described as stretching from sea to sea. The English, however, took the precaution of strengthening their title by Indian treaties and purchases of lands, for which they received legally executed deeds. By the treaty with the Iroquois or Six Nations in 1684, it was claimed that the country of the Indians beyond the mountains, of which the powerful Eastern Confederacy was regarded as the conqueror and ruler, became subject to the English. The protests of the western Indians, who declared that they were not subject to the Iroquois, were not heeded, but modern research seems to prove that the Six Nations ceded lands over which they had no authority.
In 1701 a treaty of peace was signed between the French and Iroquois, which enabled France to keep the mastery of the Great Lakes, though England shared the trade with the western Indians. The Iroquois wished to be regarded as neutrals in the strife between the two European nations, and asserted their independence of both. In 1726 the English made a new Indian treaty, which they explained as confirming the grant of land made in 1684 and renewed, as they claimed, in 1701. In 1744, at Lancaster, the English made another treaty with the Iroquois, purchasing from them for about four hundred pounds the Ohio basin, and also protection for their northern frontier. This treaty was confirmed at Logstown in 1752, but French and Indian hostilities prevented them from enforcing their title. The Revolutionary War intervened, and at its close, Great Britain, in 1783, by the treaty of Versailles, which secured the independence of the United States, relinquished her claim to the possession of the Ohio valley. In 1784 the title of Virginia to the territory northwest of the Ohio, which she claimed by purchase from the Indians, was ceded to the United States. By treaties between the United States and the Six Nations at Fort Stanwix in 1784, and the Wyandots, Chippewas, Delawares, and Ottawas at Fort McIntosh in 1785, the Indian title to a great part of the Ohio valley was extinguished and the boundaries of their reservations fixed.
From an early period the country which now forms the State of Ohio was one of the greatest of the Indian battlefields. During many years annually up and down the Ohio and its larger tributaries silently glided the canoes of the terrible Northern Confederacy of the Six Nations, bringing captivity or death to numbers of the inhabitants and destruction to their property. Reaching a convenient landing, the invaders, leaving their fleet with a sufficient guard, made expeditions against villages in the interior.
When Indian warriors traveled by land, they followed one of two
12
HISTORY OF DAYTON.
trails-one east of the Little Miami and the other west of the Great Miami. The trail east of the Little Miami led from the Macachack and the Piqua towns, on Mad River, and Chillicothe, near Xenia, to the Ohio. The other trail led from the portage, at Laramie (though also branching from there to the villages north and west), past the Piqua towns, on the Great Miami, through Greenville and Fort Jefferson, cast of Eaton and west of Hamilton to the Ohio below the mouth of the Great Miami. From the trails, over which passed for generations the moccasined feet of countless bands of Indian braves, resplendent in war-paint and feathers, arrows and other relics of the red man used often to be picked up, and even now are sometimes found. The hunting grounds between the trails furnished war parties as well as villages with food, and when the braves were on the war-path, hunters were always sent into this preserve to collect game and fish.
Long before the Miami valley was visited by white men, the country between the Great and Little Miami rivers, and bounded on the south by the Ohio and on the north by Mad River, was used only as a hunting ground. No Indians have lived on this land since 1700. Probably for a century before Dayton was laid out, no wigwam was built on the site selected by the original proprietors. The town lay just within this immense game preserve, and was, previous to the invasion of the whites, the home of buffaloes, elks, deer, bears, wild cats, wolves, panthers, foxes, and all the animals and birds of the temperate zone, which literally swarmed in the forests.
Before the middle of the eighteenth century, villages were built on the outer river banks west of the Great Miami and east of the Little Miami. Care was taken to select sites above the danger of floods, though in positions where the villagers could easily land from their canoes, where the squaws could, without difficulty, have access to the water, and which were free from timber. Round the villages spread hundreds of acres of land, cultivated by the squaws. From these fertile bottom lands they annually gathered an abundant harvest of Indian corn, beans, pumpkins, and tobacco. Hunters, trappers, and fishermen furnished them with plenty of animal food, and with skins to exchange for powder, lead, blankets, and other necessaries.
The Indian towns, as we have said, lay outside of the hunting grounds. West of the Great Miami and near the present town of Piqua were situated, till 1763, the Miami or Twightwee villages. After the Miamis left Ohio, the Shawnees occupied their old home, calling their town Upper Piqua. About sixteen miles from where Sidney now stands was the Laramie settlement. At the head-waters of Mad River, Logan County,
13
INDIAN HISTORY.
were the Macachack towns. Chillicothe, near Xenia, and Piqua, near Springfield, were important villages. All but the Twightwee villages were the homes of Shawnees. Among the most important of their settlements were Old Chillicothe and Grenadier Squawtown, on the Pickaway Plains, three and a half miles south of Circleville. To this place a large number of the prisoners taken by the war parties were brought for safe-keeping, as its situation rendered escape difficult, and no enemy could, in the day- time, approach the villages unseen. From a high hill, called Black Mountain, the Indians commanded a wide and unintercepted view of the country for miles, as they yearly burned the forests and kept down the undergrowth. On the Pickaway Plains many a white captive "suffered to the death all the tortures that savage ingenuity could invent."
The Indians living in the Miami valley, when the first white men visited it, were the Twightwee or Miami tribes. The word Miami is said to mean mother in the Ottawa language. The Miamis belonged to the Algonquin family. They came here from Michigan. "'My forefather,' said the Miami orator, Little Turtle, at Greenville, 'kindled the first fire at Detroit; from thence he extended his lines to the head waters of Scioto; from thence to its mouth; from thence down the Ohio to the mouth of the Wabash; and from thence to Chicago and Lake Michigan. These are the boundaries within which the prints of my ancestor's houses are everywhere to be seen;' and the early French narratives confirm his words." The Miamis were a people noted for intelligence and force of character, and were at the head of a powerful confederacy, which consisted of the Miamis, Wyandots, Pottawatomies, Ottawas, and Shawnees. The Weas, Eel River Indians, Kickapoos, Munsees, and other Wabash tribes, and also the Delawares and Chippewas, often united with the Miamis against the Iroquois. Still other tribes joined them when the wars against the whites began, as, for instance, the Seven Nations of Canada, the Indians of the Upper Lake tribes, and the Illinois Indians. The Western Indian' were long the allies of the French, whose assistance they needed against the Iroquois.
The principal Miami or Twightwee village was situated on the Great Miami, near Piqua, as already stated. Gist gave the following account of it when he visited it in 1751: "This town is situated on the Big Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles from the mouth thereof. It consists of about four hundred families, and is daily increasing. It is accounted one of the strongest Indian towns upon this part of the continent. The Twightwees are a very numerous people, consisting of many different tribes under the same form of government. Each tribe has a particular chief, one of which is chosen indifferently out of any tribe to rule the whole
1
14
HISTORY OF DAYTON.
nation, and is invested with greater anthority than any of the others. They are accounted the most powerful nation west of the English settle- ment, and much superior to the Six Nations, with whom they are now in amity."
Next in importance to the Miamis, and after their removal to Indiana, the only tribe in this valley were the Shawnees. They were called the Spartans of the West, and though not the equals of the Miamis, they were a brave, though exceedingly cruel race, and were remarkably successful hunters. They emigrated to this region about 1740, having originally lived in Florida and Alabama, from whence they were driven by their enemies. The Shawnee chief, Black Hoof, who lived to be one hundred and five years old, remembered bathing in the sea on the Florida coast when a boy.
Shawnee or Shawnoese means "people from the South." Soon after they came north, lands in the Miami Confederacy were granted them. They built their first towns near the mouth of the Scioto. When the emigrant boats began to appear on the Ohio, they moved further up the Scioto; afterward they built towns in Greene, Clarke, Logan, Shelby, and Miami counties, from whence they were driven by the Kentuckians to Mercer and Logan counties. At their town of Piqua, five miles from Springfield, was born the great chief, Tecumseh, whose first experience of war is said to have been gained on the site of Dayton. Gist visited the Shawnee town at the mouth of the Scioto in 1751, and described it as containing about three hundred men and forty houses built on both sides of the Ohio. In the town was a kind of state house, ninety feet long, and with a'tight cover of bark, in which they held their councils. He describes them as now reconciled with the Six Nations, with whom they were formerly at variance. They were also at this time great friends of the English, to whom they were grateful for protection against the vengeance of the Iroquois.
In 1748 a treaty with the Six Nations and the Miamis was made by the English at Albany. The next year the Iroquois, hearing that the French were making preparations against their Ohio allies, appealed to New York and Pennsylvania for assistance, but the assemblies refused to do anything to confirm their Indian alliances. The Virginians were wiser, and endeavored to secure the fidelity of the Miamis. In 1749 a . party of Virginians formed the Ohio Land Company for purposes of trade and with the intention of sending a colony beyond the Alleghenies. They received a grant of five hundred thousand acres of land, to be located either on the northern bank of the Ohio or between the Monongahela and the Kanawha. The French, hearing of the preparations which the
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