USA > Ohio > Greene County > History of Greene County : together with historic notes on the Northwest, and the state of Ohio, gleaned from early authors, old maps and manuscripts, private and official correspondence, and all other authentic sources > Part 33
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338
HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.
vehicles and foot-passengers. Groups of little ones spend much of their unoccupied time on the lawns, and their childish prattle falls sweetly on the ear of the passer-by.
The farm, proper, surrounds the grounds just described on the east, south, and west. A portion of it consists of timber land, The larger part however is in a state of cultivation ; potatoes, corn, cabbage, and all erops cultivated in this section, are produced each year for the consumption of the inmates.
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT.
Superintendent of Instruction .- O. J. Thatcher.
Names of Teachers.
No. Grade.
No. Enrolled.
Miss Helen M. Nave,
12.
36
Miss Sarah A. Jones,
11,
- 37
Miss Stella Gray,
10,
36
Miss Sallie B. Pearce,
9,
40
Miss Fannie . Weeks,
8,
44
Miss Kate M. Gardner,
7,
48
Miss Ames Steigner.
6,
46.
Miss Mollie M. Guthridge,
5,
-
-
49
Miss Mary E. Bell, -
4,
56
Miss M. Lute Carson,
3,
-
-
-
54
Miss Carrie R. Dohrman,
2,
51
Miss Lide Hutchins,
1,
- 59
Total enrollment,
-
-
-
- 556
HOME OFFICIALS.
Board of Managers .- Hon. John Little, Xenia; Dr. B. C. Black- burn, Roscoe; Col. I. A. Bope, Findlay; Dr. J. H. Rodgers, Spring- field.
Superintendent .- Major William L. Shaw.
Matron .- Mrs. Rachel J. Shaw.
Clerk .- John P. Kellogg.
Physician .- A. H. Brundage.
Heads of Departments. - Hospital matron, Mrs. E. Hardesty ; housekeeper, Miss - Young; printing, George W. Dodds ; tin- ning, George W. Toeros; shoemaking, Joseph G. Rust; laundry,
-
-
-
-
-
339
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Miss Ann Harvey ; butcher, Albert Gest; baker, A. G. Miltner; gardener, T. E. Nichols; farmer, James McNeal; engineer, David Evans; seamstresses, Mrs. Anna Pilkington and Susan Pitsford; tailor, Clarence Smith ; painter, James Liddle.
Cottage Matrons .- Cottage No. 1, Miss Kate Wiley; No. 2, Miss Amanda Stokes; No. 3, Miss Elizabeth French; No. 4, Miss Kate Sparger; No. 5, Mrs. Martha A Foos; No. 6, Mrs. Anna M. Dun- bar; No. 7, Miss Lillie Hoyle; No. 8, Mrs. Amanda Harper ; No. 9, Mrs. - DeBruin; No. 10, Miss Alice Welsh; No. 11, Miss Effie McMorrow ; No. 12, Mrs. Mary Burroughs; No. 13, Mrs. L. Ed- wards ; No. 14, Mrs. Clara John; No. 15, Mrs. M. J. Coburn; No. 16, Mrs. Elizabeth Bazzle; No. 17, Mrs. Mary Smith; No. 18, Mrs. Mary Bain Miller; No. 19, Mrs. H. A. Watson; No. 20, Miss Rose Mathews.
GREENE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
In the year 1837, or 1838, a society was formed which had for its object the encouragement of agricultural and mechanical pursuits. All persons were entitled to a membership by paying one dollar. In the fall of this year the first meeting was held in the court house yard, on which occasion there was a large attendance. The display was an extensive one, consisting of farm productions, fancy needle-work, etc.
During the second year of its existence, the society purchased grounds in the eastern part of Xenia, on the. Columbus pike, con- taining seven acres. Subsequently additional lands were added. In 1866 it became apparent that new grounds must be secured; the old location proving too small. A heated discussion arose as to the new site. The citizens of Jamestown and vicinity demanded that it should be located on the Xenia and Jamestown pike. The Xenians on the other hand contended that it must be selected in close proximity to the county seat. The latter were triumphant, and the grounds were located at Xenia. This action caused much dissatisfaction, which terminated in the organization of a new society, which received the name of the " Union Agricultural So- ciety," and held its exhibitions at Jamestown.
The original organization purchased thirty-six acres of ground
1
340
HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.
(the present location), and held fairs thereon each succeeding year. The society became financially embarrassed, and the grounds were sold. They passed into the hands of Eli Millen, Esq., who has leased them to the members of the association. A few years ago the practice of horse racing was abolished, and at this time the annual meetings are gotten up for the sole purpose of displaying agricultural productions and farming implements.
The old records have been lost or destroyed, consequently it is impossible to ascertain the names of the original officers. 'Squire MeClung was elected president in 1860, and continued in that ea- pacity until his death, when D. MeMillen, one of the original members, was elected; he was succeeded by Thomas B. Johnson, who in turn was followed by J. B. Lucas, the present incumbent. Dr. McClellan was one of the first secretaries. That office is now occupied by Hugh McQuiston. Mr. Leaman was treasurer for nineteen years. The society is now in a prosperous condition, at- tracting a large number of spectators and exhibitors each year.
NEWSPAPERS.
THE XENIA GAZETTE.
The publication of the Xenia Gazette was commenced in the year 1868. For several years previous to this date, there had been but one paper published in the county. Indeed, it might almost be said, there never had been but one paper in Xenia. Several attempts had been made at different times to establish a second one, but, for want of patronage, or some other sufficient reason, they had all been abandoned. In the meantime, the village, or town of Xenia had advanced to a city of some six thousand population ; the county, also, had increased largely in population and wealth; and it was believed the business interests of the city and county, would be pro- moted by the publication of another paper, and that the prospects were sufficiently encouraging to warrant the investment. Accord- ingly, during the spring and early summer of 1868, several confer- ences in regard to the matter were held, in which a number of prominent and leading citizens participated. Different plans were suggested and discussed, among which was that of a joint stock com- pany ; but it was considered more advisable by the friends of the enterprise, that it should be undertaken by some one individual, or by an association of two or three members as partners.
Proceeding upon this council, a partnership was entered into between J. F. Patton, Thomas L. Tiffany, and Warren Anderson, under the firm name of Patton, Tiffany & Anderson ; and the pub- lication commenced, the first number being issued on the 15th of August, 1868. The press and office were purchased from the Cin- cinnati Type Foundry, by Mr. Tiffany, the only practical printer in the firm ; the press being the "Wells Power Press," the first cylinder press ever used in the county. The first issue of the paper consisted of eight hundred copies, and this was considerably more than the number of names then on the subscription list. New names were, however, rapidly added, and by the end of the first month an edition
34 I
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342
HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.
of twelve hundred copies was required. Patronage, in the form of job-work and advertising, was also obtained far beyond the most sanguine expectations of the friends and patrons of the paper ; and the Xenia Gazette at once started apparently upon a prosperous and successful career.
The original proprietors, Patton, Tiffany & Anderson, continued the publication two years, and at the end of the second volume, Mr. Anderson having a desire to try his fortune in the far west, disposed of his interest to Colonel R. P. Findley, and retired from the firm.
This was the first interruption in the proprietorship of the Gazette, but it was soon followed by another, and one of a sadder character. On the 28th of September, 1870, the firm of Patton, Tiffany & Find- lay was suddenly terminated by the death of Mr. Tiffany; and a short time after his death, his interest was purchased from his widow by the surviving partners, Patton and Findlay, who published the paper until May 25, 1875, when Col. Findley, by the purchase of Patton's interest became sole proprietor, and continued so till November, 1877, when he sold out to the present, owner J. P. Chew, whose son, W. B. Chew, is now associated with him.
In the fall of 1873, the business of the Gazette having outgrown the room, and accommodations in the building occupied up to that time, on Main Street, opposite the Ewing House, it became neces- sary to remove to larger and more commodious quarters. Accord- ingly, the office was removed to new rooms on Greene Street, near the Post Office, and directly opposite the court house. At the time of this removal, an engine was purchased, and steam introduced to run the presses. On January 1, 1878, the proprietors removed the office to the commodious room over the Post Office, on Greene Street, which had been formerly used by the Young Men's Chris- tian Association, and added a large engineand press room in the rear; thus making a model office for newspaper and job printing. The circulation is over 2,000. With all the the advertising they can carry; also, several hands constantly employed in job work ; all of which is successfully operated. Republican in politics; it is active and fearless in advocating the principles of the party, and the country at large.
THE XENIA TORCHLIGHT.
The Xenia Torchlight newspaper was founded in 1838, the first
343
NEWSPAPERS.
number having made its appearance on the 18th of September of that year. It was started as a Whig newspaper, at a time when the Democratic party was in the ascendancy in the county, and the want of a Whig organ severely felt. Accordingly, the names of sixty-nine of the most prominent citizens of the county were sub- scribed to a paper drawn up by Hon. E. F. Drake, and which set forth that the subscribers " agree to pay the amount opposite their names, the money to be applied to the purchase of a printing press and material, and the procuring necessary apparatus to put in operation a Whig newspaper at Xenia." The names are as follows : E. F. Drake, Charles L. Merrick, John Sexton, T. Marshall, Daniel Martin, James A. Scott, Samuel Puterbaugh, John Walton, Jacob Bechtell, Joshua Martin, Robert D. Poague, Nay C. Baker, A. G. Zimmerman, Alexander Connor, G. C. Lauman, Samuel Newcoms, John Kendall, John Ewing, John Harbison, Albert Galloway, Sam- uel Lanne, James Bratton, Bazil Keiler, Alfred Trader, Ebenezer Steele, George W. Wright, Nathan Nesbitt, Thomas C. Wright, John Keiler, John B. Allen, A. Harlan, T. M. Perkins, Robert Ste- venson, John McBride, James Galloway, James Collier, Jonathan Fallis, Jeremiah Gest, A. Hivling, jr., J. H. McPherson, H. G. Beatty, C. F. Beall, Alexander B. Beall, John Hivling, Brinton Baker, L. Wright, Samuel Powell, B. Newkirk, Samuel Crum- baugh, Smith Persinger, Walter King, John Ankeny, Isaac S. Per- kins, Samuel Galloway, David Hanes, Moses Collier, John S. Per- kins, James McMillan, Silas Roberts, R. F. Howard, Tinsley Heath, William Lewis, Aaron Collett, Andrew Galloway, Conwell & Co., Pugh Sterrett, Benjamin Towler, John Stevenson, Cummings & Conwell.
The first editor and publisher of the Torchlight was Pazzi Lap- ham, who came from Champaign County, and commenced opera- tions in a frame building, that stood on the corner of Market and Detroit streets, the site of the present German Reformed Church. Shortly afterward E. S. Nichols arrived from Columbus, and took charge of the business management of the paper, Mr. Lapham being still retained as editor.
In the fall of 1840, W. B. Fairchild, a practical printer, and a gentleman of considerable literary culture, became the editor and publisher of the paper, which position he continued to fill for near- ly three years, dissolving his connection in a valedictory, dated June 15, 1843, which breathes a spirit of great satisfaction over the po-
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344
HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.
litical situation, and predicts that " no power, but that to which we all must bow, can prevent the election of Henry Clay to the presi- dency in 1844."
Mr. Fairchild was succeeded by Otway Curry and Robert McBrat- ney, who continued associated together in conducting the paper until the issue of June 10, 1845, when the valedictory of Mr. Curry appears, leaving the entire control of the paper to Mr. McBratney. Both these gentlemen were from Union County. Mr. Curry had achieved a wide celebrity as a poet, and had brought himself politi- cally into notice in the state by his famous song, written for the occasion of the great state convention held at Columbus, in Febru- ary, 1840, entitled, " The Log Cabin." In Mr. Curry's valedictory we have the assurance that, though " the Whig party has been de- feated, it has not been destroyed." He sees hope in the future, and its members are exhorted to adopt the motto, Nil desperandum.
Mr. McBratney continued as sole editor and proprietor of the Torchlight until June 22, 1853, when W. E. Morris became associ- ated in the publication for a short time. In 1854 the infamous Nebraska bill threw the country into a state of intense excitement, which was the beginning of a new era in American politics, and which rapidly culminated in the formation of the Republican party, by the action of the Philadelphia convention, that assembled on the 15th of June, 1856, and put in nomination John C. Fremont for the presidency. The Torchlight, under the control of Mr. McBratney, took a leading part in the political agitation upon the slavery question, which gave birth to the Republican party, and soon became conspicuous throughout the state as an uncompromis- ing and able advocate of Republican principles.
Dr. H. R. McClellan and W. B. Fairchild purchased, in January, 1857, the Torchlight of Mr. MeBratney, who retired from the po- sition he had so ably filled for a period of fourteen years. Mr. Fairchild's second advent to the editorship of the paper was marked by the same bold and unflinching opposition to the encroachments of the slave power that had characterized it before. Dr. McClellan continued a partner until June 10th, when Mr. Nichols purchased his interest, and again became one of the proprietors of the con- cern. The firm of Nichols & Fairchild continued until April 1, 1862, when W. T. Bascom, of Columbus, assumed editorial and proprietary control. In the issue of September 21, 1864, Mr. Bas- com's valedictory appears, followed by the salutatory of Perry
345
NEWSPAPERS.
Hawes. Coates Kinney and J. M. Milburn succeeded Mr. Hawes December 6, 1865, who were in turn succeeded, January 1, 1869, by the Torchlight Company, of which Dr. R. S. Finley and C. W. Newton were the active members.
In 1870, Mr. J. D. Stine, for a number of years previous, editor of the Madison County Union, London, Ohio, purchased an interest in the paper, and for the next eight years it was conducted under the firm name of Stine & Marshall, the facilities of the office being greatly increased for business, while in every respect the paper was improved and the circulation largely increased. In 1878, Mr. Stine purchased the interest of Mr. Marshall, and in 1879 removed the office to the first floor of the Torchlight building, No. 12 West Main Street, establishing the Torchlight Company, with J. D. Stine editor and business manager of the paper, and John A. Beveridge local editor and manager of the job office, which ranks among the largest and most completely equipped of any outside the largest cities.
The Torchlight, as the unflinching and influential advocate of sound Republican principles, stands the peer of any weekly news- paper in the state. A part of the political development of the county for the last half century, it will maintain its integrity as the " old reliable" chronicle of its history in the future.
THE XENIA WEEKLY SUNLIGHT.
Founded November 6, 1878, by Warren Anderson. January 1, 1880, O. W. Marshall purchased a one-half interest, the firm name being Anderson & Marshall. On May 18, 1880, J. M. Milburn became associated with the paper, Mr. Anderson retiring. The firm name is now Marshall & Milburn. It is a nine column folio, stal- wart Republican in politics, and was the organ of the party during the campaign of 1880, and its office the headquarters of the same.
2
GREENE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION.
The seeds of that pernicious plant, Nullification-offspring of Satan and the Stygian hag-first saw the light of day in South Car- olina, in the year 1832. Nourished by the south, and watered by John C. Calhoun, it grew lustily until 1861, when it burst upon our nation in the phase of one of the most gigantic rebellions that ever tore through the entrails of any country, submerging us at once in a sea of war and tears. When the call for help came, it was nobly re- sponded to by the citizens of Greene County. The Seventy-Fourth was principally formed at Xenia, the Ninety-Fourth contained two companies, from this county, and the One Hundred and Tenth was formed from Greene, Miami, and Darke. We subjoin the follow- ing from "Ohio in the War." .
SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT O. V. I.
This regiment was organized in camp at Xenia, Ohio, in October, 1861, to the extent of seven companies. On the 24th of February, 1862, it was ordered to Camp Chase, where three full companies were added, making the complement, and aggregating nine hundred and seventy-eight men.
.
The regiment was ordered to the field on the 20th of April, 1862, reported at Nashville, Tennessee, on the 24th of the same month, and went into camp near that city. While here, it was thoroughly drilled, and portions of it detailed for provost duty at Nashville. The first real service performed by the regiment, was on its march over the Cumberland Mountains with General Dumont, in June. Immediately thereafter, it was detailed as guard to the railroad be- tween Nashville and Columbia, and continued to perform that duty during the month of Angust. It returned to Nashville, September 3d, and remained there during the blockade of September, October, and November, 1862. During this period, the regiment was en- gaged in several skirmishes in the vicinity of the city.
350
351
IN THE REBELLION.
In December, it was placed in the Seventh Brigade (Millers), Eighth Division (Negley's), formerly part of the center (Thomas's), Fourteenth Army Corps, department of the Cumberland.
When General Rosecrans made his movement on Bragg's army lying at Murfreesboro, the Seventy-Fourth marched with its divis- ion and corps. On the 29th of December, it went into the battle of Stone River, and remained in it until nightfall of January 3, 1863; was hotly engaged December 31st, and was one of the regiments selected to charge across Stone River, January 2d, against Breck- inridge's rebel corps. The Seventy-Fourth went into this battle with three hundred and eighty effective men, of whom it lost, in killed and wounded, one hundred and nine, and in prisoners, forty- six.
On the organization of the army at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in February, 1863, the Seventy-Fourth was assigned to the Third Bri- gade (Millers), Second Division (Negley's), Fourteenth Army Corps (Thomas's), and during the stay of the army at that place, assisted in guard duty on the fortifications. At this place several changes took place among the officers; Colonel Moody, Major Bell, and captains Owens, McDowell, and Ballard resigned, which made necessary the following promotions : To colonel, Josiah Given, (late Lieutenant Colonel of the Eighteenth Ohio) ; to Captains, Mills, Armstrong, McGinnis, Tedford, and MeIllravy ; to First Lieutenants, McMillen, Hunter, Hutchinson, Weaver, and Bricker; to Second Lieutenants, Adams, Scott, Drummond, and McGreary.
On the movement toward Chattanooga, June 23, 1863, the Seventy-Fourth was in the column, and participated in the battles of Hoover's Gap, June 24th ; Dog Gap, Georgia, September 11th ; and Chickamauga, September 19th and 20th; arriving at Chatta- nooga, September 22, 1863. The regiment also participated in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, November 23, 24, and 25, 1863.
While at Chattanooga a majority of the men re-enlisted as vet- eran volunteers, from January 1, 1864. About the same time, Captain Fisher was promoted to major.
ยท Entitled, as they were, to thirty days furlough at home, the regi- ment left Chattanooga on the 25th of January, 1864, and arrived at Xenia, Ohio, where it was received with the greatest honors, kindness, and hospitality in the power of the patriotic ladies of that beautiful city to bestow. On their way home, everywhere in
352
HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.
Ohio, the members of the regiment were the recipients of the most marked kindness and consideration.
The regiment reassembled at Xenia, on the 17th of March, and before leaving for the field, passed resolutions returning their hearty thanks for the unbounded kindness with which they had been treated, and making the utterance of the word " Xenia" by visitors to their camp in the field, a talismanic password to their hearts and hospitality.
The regiment being reorganized, numbered, with the addition of one hundred recruits, six hundred and nineteen men.
The Seventy-Fourth, once more ready for the field, started for " the front " on the 23d of March, 1864, and on the 12th of April rejoined its brigade at Graysville, Georgia. Remaining in this camp until the 7th of May, it started with the army on the Atlanta campaign-that long and arduous march, so famous in the history of the rebellion. One day's history of this campaign was that of the next. For over one hundred days the regiment was under an almost continuous fire of rebel musketry and artillery. At Buz- zard's Roost it was specially engaged, and in an attempt to storm that stronghold, on the 9th of May, lost sixteen men killed and wounded ; and at Resacca, May 15th, nine men killed and wound- ed. In the engagement of the 27th of May, the conduct of the Seventy-Fourth, and other regiments of the Third Brigade, elicited from the division commander the following commendatory notice :
HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS. NEAR DALLAS, GA., May 28, 1864.
COLONEL: General Johnson desires to express to you his high appreciation of the gallantry exhibited by the noble troops of your brigade in the night engagement of the 27th instant. The admir- able spirit displayed by them on that occasion is, above all things, desirable and commendable. Soldiers animated by such courage and fortitude are capable of the very highest achievements. *
(Signed) E. F. WELLS. A. A. G.
At Kenesaw Mountain, the regiment had a most arduous and perilous duty to perform. For two weeks it was under a constant fire of musketry and shells. It was also engaged at the Chatta- hoochie River, Peachtree Creek, and in front of Atlanta. At the battle of Jonesboro, it made three distinct charges on the afternoon
IN THE REBELLION. 353
of September 1st, and lost two lieutenants and twelve non-commis- sioned officers and privates, killed, and twenty-five privates wound- ed. For this gallant achievement, the regiment was included in the following complimentary notice :
HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS. JONESBORO, September 2, 1864.
CIRCULAR.
The general commanding the division congratulates the officers and men of the Second and Third Brigades on the success of their splendid assault on the enemy, September 1, 1864. They charged a strongly intrenched double line, passing over swamps and through thickets under a murderous fire of musketry ; dragged the enemy out of his works at some points, and drove him from them at others. The troops opposed to them were the most celebrated for obstinate fighting of any division of the rebel army. * The conduct of all was gratifying to our commanding general, and the day should be remembered and celebrated by every soldier engaged in the battle.
By order of Brigadier General W. P. Carlin.
(Signed) G. W. SMITH, A. A. G.
The aggregate loss of the Seventy-Fourth in this campaign was eighteen killed and eighty-eight wounded. The battle of Jones- boro ended the Atlanta campaign. The rebel general Hood's un- expected dash for the rear of General Sherman's army, for the purpose of cutting his communications, rendered it necessary for a movement of the national army to counteract it, and the Seventy- Fourth, with its brigade and division, counter-marched to Kings- ton, Georgia.
By this time several of the officers resigned and were mustered out, namely : Colonel Given, captains McMillan, Armstrong, and Baldwin, and lieutenants Adams and Baldwin.
The Seventy-Fourth was the last regiment to leave Kingston on the new campaign through Georgia. Thus it severed the link that connected it with the north on the 12th of November, and moved with Sherman through Georgia, arriving at Savannah without cas- ualties December 21, 1864. It left Savannah with the army, on the 20th of January, 1865, on what was called the South Carolina campaign.
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334
HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.
The spirits of the men of the Seventy-Fourth were buoyant ; they were about to realize a long cherished desire to bear in triumph, the "Old Flag" over the sacred soil of South Carolina, the hot bed, and originator of all the bloody scenes through which they had passed in the preceeding four years of the war. It struck its tents in the camp near Savannah, loaded the one wagon allotted to each regiment, and moved on with its corps toward Sister's Ferry. Recent heavy rains had flooded the swamps through which the road lay, making it almost impassible, and rendering it necessary to cor- duroy the greater part of it. The labor of so doing was so great, that the corps did not reach their destination until the last day of the month. The point reached was about forty-five miles . above Savannah, where the river was much swollen, and nearly three miles wide. Laying pontoons, and corduroying Black Swamp on the Carolina shore, occupied to the 5th of February, on which day the Fourteenth Corps was over the river, and across the first great swamp of South Carolina.
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