USA > Ohio > Sandusky County > History of Sandusky County Ohio with Illustrations 1882 > Part 20
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In 1852 the present school law was passed, since which time educational facil- ities have steadily improved till there is no longer the semblance of an excuse for common ignorance. It is to be regretted that the public library system, once well established, fell to premature decay. It is a melancholy fact that but few people through the country have given any attention to the collection of books for the use of their children. Libraries breed scholars, and scholarship has become a necessity in almost every walk of life. The indifference of people in respect to furnishing their children proper reading matter, is shown by the inexcusably reckless management of the excellent library, which the State once furnished to every township. The only public libraries to which the people of the county have access, are those at Fremont and Bellevue.
A gratifying improvement in schoolhouses is noticeable all over the county. Log structures are no longer to be seen anywhere. Frame buildings took their places, and these, in turn, are fast being displaced by comfortable brick houses. People have lately formed an idea of the value of talent in the schoolroom, and are paying better wages than formerly. It is needless to say that the standard of
133
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
common school education is steadily improving. The children of the pioneers, now grown frosty with years, esteemed themselves fortunate if they learned to spell, read, write, and cipher as far as the rule of three. Now a common school course prepares a student for any department of business, or for admission into the higher seminaries of learning. The change in school government during the sixty years of Sandusky county's history, is worthy of mention. Early teachers ruled with the rod rather than the head. Pupils were reduced to obedience by beating out of them their life and spirit. There were a few teachers who practiced humane and sensible methods of government. The names of such are held in grateful remembrance by the men and women fortunate enough to enjoy their association and instruction.
Nothing is so difficult to reduce to words and express on paper as the moral condition of a pioneer community. This subject, as applied to Lower Sandusky, is referred to in other chapters. Throughout the country there were conflicting elements of human nature, but the moral life, taken as a whole, was healthful. Depravity is generally found among the idle and indifferent classes. A few such there were, but the country possessed little attraction for them. Sandusky county's pioneers were not, generally speaking, an intellectual class of people. They were hardworking people before they came, and had no time here for anything but hard work. But they had due appreciation of the value of education, and against all adversities of circumstance gave attention to the instruction of their children. Neither were they a Godless people, but heard with interest, and were refreshed by the preaching of a devoted, self denying, itinerant clergy.
The mission of early preachers was as arduous as the early practice of medicine.
Long rides through a malarial forest, by paths almost untraceable, ministering to the sick at almost every house, and preaching in every settlement, was the heaven-ordained calling of a United Brethren or Methodist clergyman. Meetings were at first held in private houses, then schoolhouses, and finally the little log church made its appearance. The United Brethren and Methodist were the pioneer churches of Sandusky county. Methodism was first established at Fremont (then Lower Sandusky), as will be seen by reference to the proper chapter. A preaching station was established in Green Creek township, in 1822, the outgrowth of which is the Clyde Methodist Episcopal church. About 1825 itinerant Methodists began to hold services in Townsend township. A class was afterwards formed there, and in 1840 a church was built. It is not known just when Methodist evangelists carried the light of religious instruction into Riley. A class was formed there about 1850 .* The Methodist Episcopal church has made little progress in the western townships. Washington was made a preaching station as early as 1833, probably earlier. A class was formed a few years afterwards. This was the only pioneer association of that denomination in the Black Swamp region. Recent classes have been formed in Scott and at Gibsonburg.
By far the largest church in the county, both in number of congregations and in membership, is the United Brethren. There are two churches in York, one in Townsend, two in Riley, one at Clyde, one at Green Springs, two in Ballville, four in Jackson, two in Washington, two in Rice, one in Scott, one in Madison, and one in Woodville.+
*See township history.
+A general sketch of the United Brethren church in this county, contributed by J. Burgner, will be found in the chapter on Ballville township.
134
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
Next to the United Brethren in numerical strength, in the country districts, is the Evangelical Association, popularly known as Albrights. This denomination has one church in Townsend, one in Riley, one in Ballville, two in Jackson, one in Fremont, two in Washington, one in Scott, one in Madison, and one in Woodville. The membership, like that of the United Brethren, is almost entirely of people of Pennsylvania Dutch descent. The clergy, as in the United Brethren and Methodist, are itinerant, with licensed local preachers for assistants.
Reformed churches are of later organization than those of any of the denom- inations mentioned. Churches have been erected in Fremont, Washington, Jackson, and Woodville townships. There are several preaching stations besides.
The first Catholic churches in the county were in Fremont and Rice. There are at present two congregations in Fremont, one in Rice, one in Clyde, one in Jackson, and one in Woodville.
The Evangelical Lutheran church came into being in this county in 1836, Adolphus Konrad being the pioneer preacher. He organized congregations in Fremont and at Woodville. Rev. George Cronnenwett took charge of the church at Woodville in 1841, and Rev. Henry Lang of the church at Fremont in 1843. Both have been indefatigable in their labors ever since. There are six churches in the county, organized as follows: Fremont, Four-mile Point (Sandusky township), Hessville, and Woodville, from 1836 to 1841; Rice, 1843; and Gibsonburg, 1876. A large proportion of the church in Erie county, four miles north of Bellevue, live in this county. There are in the county about three thousand Lutheran members.
Besides these congregations of the more leading and influential denominations having a membership distributed over the
entire county, there are many individual churches. For further details the reader is referred to the accompanying sketches of Fremont, Clyde, Bellevue, and the several townships.
Fifty years ago people esteemed themselves fortunate to have the privilege of church service once a month; now a meeting house is within walking distance of every house in the county.
The material advancement of any section of country depends, in a large degree, upon its natural resources. In this respect Sandusky county is more than duly favored, although without mines of iron or coal. The most substantial wealth is fertility of soil, and nowhere in Ohio is the soil better adapted to general agriculture. The rich alluviums of the Scioto have long been celebrated, but a comparison of acreage productions is in favor of the valley of Sandusky Bay. From the time the asperities of pioneer life began to soften, and, the real natural advantages of the county to stand out in public view, population and wealth have multiplied with surprising rapidity. In 1826, in York township, the total valuation (including houses,) of real property was $2,303. The names of fifty-two persons are entered on the duplicate, with personal property amounting to $4,668, of which $1,500 is on merchandising.
Excepting Sandusky township, in which the village of Lower Sandusky was then included, Ballville paid more taxes in 1826 than any other township in the county. The total valuation of real estate was $6,133, and personal property, assessed against thirty- seven individuals to the amount of $2,632.
The real estate of Sandusky township in 1826 was valued at $19,095, merchandising at $9,313, and other personal property at $2,416.
At that time no real estate in Riley
135
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
township was subject to taxation, but the personal valuation was $3,480, $2,440 of which was on cattle alone. The personal valuation of Townsend was $1,488; no real estate was listed.
The valuation of real estate in Green Creek was $819, and of personal property $3,480.
At this time the west part of the county was a wilderness, untrodden by the assessor, or scarcely any one else.
In York, in 1826, there were 26 horses and 266 cattle; in Townsend, 9 horses and 141 cattle; in Green Creek, 22 horses and 175 cattle; in Ballville, 30 horses and 134 cattle; in Riley, 26 horses and 305 cattle.
One year later, in 1827, in York, 3,325 acres were valued at $6,232, or less than two dollars an acre; merchandising at $1,200, and other chattels at $2,640.
Five hundred acres in Townsend were valued at $900, and the personal valuation was $1,240.
In Green Creek, 1,911 acres were valued at $4,255; chattel valuation, $1,664.
One hundred and sixty acres in Riley were valued at $240; personal property amounted to $2,800 more than any other township except Sandusky, showing the extent of the stock-raising industry on the prairies in the northern part.
In Ballville, in 1827, 3,510 acres were subject to taxation, valued at $14,131; valuation of personal property, $1,152.
In Sandusky township, 5,249 acres were entered on the duplicate at $14,806. The valuation of merchandising had increased to $7,300, and other chattels to $1,112.
The progress of improvement was most rapid between 1827 and 1840. During that period the Black Swamp was entered and settled. An important element was also added to the population. German emigration to Ohio began about 1830. Sandusky county began to receive these thrifty immigrants about 1835 and for
ten years the influx was quite rapid. They settled chiefly on improved lands in Riley, Rice, £ Washington, and Woodville townships. A few scattering settlements are also to be found in other parts of the county. Germans work hard for their money, and when they have it they save it. The tax valuation of the county is higher by many thousand dollars than it would have been without a substantial German element in the settlement.
It will be seen that there exists on the soil of Sandusky County rather a remarkable mixture of blood-Yankees of almost every type; Pennsylvanians, with all the race mixture in one individual that that term implies; Germans, and French. If the doctrine that crossbreeding is productive of superiority, surely much may be expected of the county in future generations.
The following statistics show the real estate valuation of the several townships in 1840. Sandusky includes the town of Lower Sandusky: Sandusky, $141,695; Ballville, $81,883; Green Creek, $74,479;
Washington, $69,579; York, $64,223; Riley, $58,875; Jackson, $57,259; Townsend, $51,106; Scott, $49,881; Wood- ville, $42,311; Madison, $27,446; Rice, $23,754.
This shows the rapid development of the Black Swamp townships, which thirteen years before had a population of less than half a dozen families. Jackson, the settlement of which did not really begin till 1828, takes rank over Townsend, where, settlement was made more than ten years before. Washington takes fourth place among the townships. The progress of settlement in Washington was greatly accelerated by the improvement of the pike. The following statistics give a comparative view of the number and value of horses and cattle in the several townships in 1840. The following showing makes
136
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
considerable change in the former order of arrangement:
York-Number of horses 268, valuation $10,720; of cattle 600, valuation $4,880.
Sandusky-Number of horses 255, valuation $10,200; of cattle 417, valuation $3,336.
Green Creek-Number of horses 198, valuation $7,920; of cattle 511, valuation $4,088.
Ballville-Number of horses 170, valuation $6,800; of cattle 449, valuation $3,892.
Washington-Number of horses 141, valuation
$5,640; of cattle 442, valuation $3,536.
Jackson-Number of horses 157, valuation $6,280; of cattle 353, valuation $2,824.
Townsend-Number of horses 115, valuation $4,600; of cattle 361, valuation $2,888.
Scott-Number of horses 98, valuation $3,920; of cattle 429, valuation $3,432.
Riley-Number of horses 79, valuation $3,120; of cattle 306, valuation $2,528.
Rice-Number of horses 46, valuation $2,860; of cattle 204, valuation $1,632.
Woodville-Number of horses 41, valuation $1,660; of cattle 180, valuation $1,440.
Madison-Number of horses 31, valuation $1,240; of cattle 134, valuation $1,072.
The following table shows the valuation as appraised in 1880, including villages and towns:
Real Estate.
Personal Property.
Fremont
$1,303,486
$479,066
Green Creek .
1,217,632
335.830
Washington
1, 161,050
211,850
York.
110,795
383,040
Jackson
859,030
176,010
Ballville
804, 882
178,055
Riley
709,940
108,646
Woodville
709,272
284,205
Sandusky
682,796
124,998
Scott
645,989
105.350
Townsend
624,355
144.365
Madison
451.977
71,915
Rice
381,459|
101,524
The population of Sandusky county in 1820 was 852; in 1830, 2,851; in 1840, 10,182; in 1850, 14,305; in 1856, 21,429; in 1870, 25,503, and in 1880, 32,063. According to the census of 1880 Sandusky county stands thirty-fifth with respect to population among the counties of the State. In one other respect the county stands somewhat higher when placed in comparison with other counties. During the year 1879 there appeared on
the court docket forty-nine petitions for divorce. This number was exceeded in only fourteen other counties of the State, and in proportion to the population, in not more than half a dozen other counties. Of these forty-nine petitions, twenty-six alleged as the cause, cruelty; sixteen, neglect; six, adultery; and one, fraud.
The following table shows the relative growth and comparative population of the several townships since 1850. In the last column is given the foreign-born population in 1870:
1850 1860 1870 1880
Foreign. 1870
Fremont
1464 3510 5455 8451
1072
Green Creek
1289 3228 3666 4495
374
Washington
1499 1992 2282 2608
366
York
1811 1619 2094 2319
288
Madison
389|
881 985 1856
85
Sandusky
1040 11 51
1570 1785
266
Townsend
968 1053 1290 1697
182
Woodville
1237 1516 1418 1662
412
Ballville
1556 2188 1731 1652
205
Riley
682 1198 1461
1621
274
Jackson
1092 1478 1350
1485
I4I
Scott
792
1264 1274 1452
90
Rice
486|
943 927 930
204
Excepting Sandusky township the above table includes towns and villages. The population of these, severally, as given by the census of 1880, was as follows:
Fremont, 8,451; Clyde, 2,380; Bellevue, 2,169;" Green Spring, 720 ;* Gibsonburg, 589; Lindsey, 409; Woodville, 406; Helena, 111; Burgoon, 110; Rollersville, 99; Millersville, 52.
The future of any section of country is always a subject of hazardous speculation. But that Sandusky county is not yet fully developed is apparent to every observer. Some of the older townships outside of town limits are not increasing, and will not increase in population with any great rapidity, for the tendency in settled com- munities is for the farms to grow larger by the natural law of concentration of capital; but the towns are growing
737 in Sandusky county, 1,432 in Huron.
+389 in Sandusky county, 331 in Seneca.
137
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
larger, and land advancing in value. There are yet in the county large tracts of unimproved land which will in the near future be developed and add largely to wealth and population. In fact, the day is not far distant when the swamps, now only fit for hunting, will be recovered by ditches and dykes, and golden harvests will decorate the fertile soil now despoiled by water. A beginning has already been made-the end is beyond human imagination to predict.
Railroads are plowing through the county in every direction. Towns are springing up in every township, making the products of the soil and the rocks under the soil more valuable. Sandusky county and its towns are yet in their youth-every sign points to a healthy and full growth.
*VOTE OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
The following shows the official vote of Sandusky county since the first gubernatorial election in 1822, to 1880. The vote is for Governor, except when otherwise indicated:
1822-Allen Trimble, 118; William W. Irvin, 81 Jeremiah Morrow, 23.
1826-Allen Trimble, 203, Alexander Campbell, 79; John Bigger, 13.
1828-Allen Trimble, 153; John W. Campbell. 64.
1830-Duncan McArthur (National Republican), 181; Robert Lucas (Democrat), 141.
1832-Presidential election, Andrew Jackson (Democrat), 279; Henry Clay (Whig), 294.
1834-Robert Lucas (Democrat), 383; James Findlay (Whig), 313.
1836-Presidential election, Martin Van Buren ((Democrat), 799; William H. Harrison, (Whig), 642.
1838-Wilson Shannon (Democrat), 834; Joseph Vance, (Whig), 724.
1840-Wilson Shannon (Democrat), 930; Thomas Corwin, (Whig), 841.
1842-Wilson Shannon (Democrat), 957; Thomas Corwin (Whig), 738; Leicester King, (Abolitionist), 7.
*[Note. Compiled by the publishers from Secretary of State's reports of 1875, 1876, 1879, and 1880].
1844-David Tod (Democrat), 1198; Mordecai Bartley (Whig), 951; Leicester King, (Abolitionist), 00*
1846-David Tod (Democrat), 961; William Hebb (Whig), 754; Samuel Lewis (Abolitionist), 30.
1848 John W. Weller (Democrat), 1074; Seabury Ford (Whig), 874
1850-Reuben Wood (Democrat), 1215; William. Johnston (Whig), 742.
1851-Reuben Wood (Democrat), 1293; Samuel F. Vinton (Whig), 687; Samuel Lewis (Abolitionist), 2.
1853-William Medill (Democrat); 1417; Nelson Barrere (Whig), 467; Samuel Lewis (Abolitionist), 154.
1855-William Medill (Democrat), 1499; Allen Trimble (Know Nothing), 447; Salmon P. Chase (Republican), 1042.
1856-For Attorney General, C. P. Wolcott (Republican), 1450; S. M. Hart (Democrat), 1443 .: John M. Bush (Know Nothing), 16.
1857-Salmon P. Chase (Republican), 1315; Henry B. Payne (Democrat), 1699; Philip Van Trump, 67.
1858-For Attorney General, C. P. Wolcott (Republican), 1237; Durbin Ward (Democrat), 1555.
1859-William Dennison (Republican), 1473; Rufus P. Ranney (Democrat), 1822.
1861-David Tod (Republican), 2160; Hugh J. Jewett (Democrat), 1856.
1862-For Secretary of State, Wilson P. Kennon (Republican), 1474; William W. Armstrong (Democrat). 1993.
1863-John Brough (Republican), 2571; C. L. Vallandingham (Democrat), 2213.
1864-For Secretary of State, William H. Smith (Republican), 2040; W. W. Armstrong (Democrat), 1917.
1865-Jacob D. Cox (Republican), 2161; George W. Morgan, (Democrat), 2355.
1867-Rutherford B. Hayes, 2261; Allen G. Thurman, 2834.
1868-Presidential election, U. S. Grant (Republican), 2443; Horatio Seymour, 2846.
1869-R. B. Hayes (Republican), 2175; George H. Pendleton (Democrat), 2630.
1871- Edward F. Noyes (Republican), 2022; George W. McCook (Democrat), 2610.
1872-Presidential election, U. S. Grant (Republican), 2380; Horace Greeley (Democrat), 2729; blank, 31; O'Conor, 5.
1873-Edward F. Noyes (Republican) 2025; William Allen, 2740; G. T. Stewart, 122; Isaac Collins, 13.
1875-R. B. Hayes, 2609; William Allen, 3353; J. Odell,
*Sandusky, Henry, Paulding, Putnam, and Van Wert were the only counties in the State in which no Abolition votes were cast.
138
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
The following shows the vote for Rep- resentative in Congress from the Tenth District, October, 1880:
Counties.
John B. Rice.
Morgan D. Shaffer.
John Seitz.
D. N. Trobridge.
S. D. Seymour.
Erie.
3682
3198
121
4
Hancock .
2876
2992
52
I
Huron.
4495
2909
178
Sandusky.
3374
3292
138
16
Seneca ..
3967
4635
130
Totals.
18394
17026
619
I
121
Majority ..
1368
The vote for President in 1876 is given by townships:
Tilden.
Hayes.
Ballville.
236
227
York and Bellevue Precinct ..
200
323
Green Creek and Stem Precinct
354
596
Jackson
159
183
Madison
202
160
Rice ..
146
57
Riley ..
246
131
Sandusky
216
155
Scott ..
170
153
Townsend.
162
170
Washington
349
194
Woodville.
262
100
Fremont
628
579
Rutherford B. Hayes, Republican
3,032
Samuel J. Tilden, Democrat 3,330
Peter Cooper, National Greenback. 45
G. C. Smith
2
1879 Charles Foster (Republican) 2643; Thomas Ewing (Democrat) 3427; G. T. Stewart (Prohibition) 53; A. S. Piatt (National Greenbacker) 287.
Presidential election; vote given by precincts:
1880
James A. Garfield.
Winfield S. Hancock.
James B. Weaver.
Neal Dow.
Ballville.
209
262
18
Bellevue Precinct.
86
85
Green Creek.
471|
317
49
14
Jackson.
199
188
II
Madison
193
255
Rice.
55
I53
Riley
100
269
Sandusky
157
220
9
Scott ..
147
202
Townsend
202
170
8
Washington.
175
378
22
Woodville
93
275
5
York ..
225
137
4
3
Fremont-
First Ward.
I57
81
6
Second Ward
122
213
10
Third Ward
140
203
I
Fourth Ward ..
207
189
12
Stem Town Precinct ..
121
43
I
4
Totals
3059'3640 148
29
CHAPTER XI. IMPROVEMENTS.
Maumee and Western Reserve Road-Treaty Providing for Roads-Method of Making-Condition When Completed-The Ohio and Michigan War-Road to Fort Ball.
IMPROVEMENTS.
H AVING in the preceding chapters of this history placed before the readers some remarks touching upon the prehistoric races, the description of the remains of their works as far as found in the county, a brief notice of the Indians found here when the white man first came upon the soil of the county; also remarks to show how we became entitled to the land the people of the county now live upon, and having given also something about the soil, surface, and geology of the county, we might properly proceed to next give an account of the early settlement of the county by the white race. But by the arrangement of subjects best adapted to accomplish thoroughness. and completeness in. the matter of individual history, the more particular history of early settlements and individual settlers will be found in our township and city histories. Pursuing, then, the general history of the county, it seems not improper to give some history of the improvements of the county, and some account also of the circumstances and incidents which induced them, as well as a notice of the men who were actively instrumental in bringing them about.
Slow, sleepy, and dull as it may look now, when viewed by the side of the thundering locomotive and its immense train, the older inhabitants of the county will still realize the fact that there never has been an improvement which contributed more to invite attention to, and induce settlement in the county, than did the
MAUMEE AND WESTERN RESERVE ROAD.
This road and the men connected with it have a history. The men who projected it and executed the design in building this road, did a great and good work, not only for this county but for all people east and west of the county, in all parts of the country, and they deserve honorable mention in the history of the locality, although, in some measure, their labors of late are rendered perhaps less important than they were, by improvements then unknown and unthought of.
It will be remembered that the title to lands generally was not obtained from the Indians until the treaty made by Duncan McArthur and Lewis Cass, with the Indian tribes, at Maumee, in 1817, September 29. But east and south the Indian title had been acquired; also in part of Michigan. On the 25th of November, 1808, at Brownstown, Michigan, Governor Hull, on behalf of the United States, concluded a treaty with the chiefs and warriors of the Chippewa, Ottawa, Pottawatomie, Wyandot, and Shawnee nations of Indians, which, after reciting that the United States had acquired land north of the Miami of Lake Erie, and lands east and south of that, but not adjoining, and that the lands lying on the eastern side of the Miami River, and between said river and the boundary line established by the treaties of Greenville and Fort Industry, with the excep- tions of a few small reservations to the United States, still belong to the Indian nations so that the United States cannot,
139
140
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
of right, open and maintain a convenient road from the settlements in the State of Ohio to the settlements in the Territory of Michigan, nor extend those settlements so as to connect them. In order, therefore, to promote this object, so desirable and evidently beneficial to the Indian nations, as well as the United States, the parties have agreed to tile following articles which, when ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall be perpetually binding.
After the preamble, which is substantially given above, the treaty proceeds in the following language:
ART. 2. The several Nations of Indians aforesaid, in order to promote the object mentioned in the preceding article, and in consideration of the friendship they bear towards the United States, for the liberal and benevolent policy which has been pursued towards them by the Government thereof, do hereby give, grant, and cede unto the United States a tract of land for a road of one hundred and twenty feet in width, from the foot of the rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie to the western line of the Connecticut Reserve, and all the land within one mile of the said road on each side thereof, for the purpose of establishing settlements along the same; also a tract of land for a road, only one hundred and twenty feet in width, to run southwardly from Lower Sandusky to the boundary line established by the treaty of Greenville, with the privilege of taking at all times, such timber and other materials from the adjacent lands as may be necessary for making and keeping in repair the said road, with the bridges that may be required along the same.
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