USA > Ohio > Sandusky County > History of Sandusky County, Ohio : with portraits and biographies of prominent citizens and pioneers > Part 14
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At the first meeting of the Commissioners, held at the house of Morris A. Newman, in the town of Croghansville, on Saturday, the 8th day of April, one thousand eight hundred and twenty.
No. 1 .- Ordered that Jesse W. Newman be ap- pointed Clerk of the Commissioners.
No. 2 .- Ordered, that Nicholas Whitinger be ap- pointed Treasurer of Sandusky County.
No. 3 .- Ordered, that there be two blank books purchased for the use of the County.
No. 4 .- Ordered that Charles B. Fitch be ap- pointed collector for Sandusky County for the year 1820.
No. 5 .- Ordered that this meeting be and is hereby adjourned until Monday, the roth instant, at four Oclock P. M., on said day, at the house of Israel Harrington, in Sandusky,
No. 6 .- Met in pursuant to adjournment at the house of Israel Harrington, on monday, the tenth day of April, 1820, when Jesse W. Newman was qualified and took the oath required by law, as Clerk of the Commissioners.
No. 7 .- Be it remembered that this day personally came Jaques Hulburd, County Clerk pro-tem, Willis E. Brown, Sheriff, Nicholas Whitinger Treasurer for the County of Sandusky, and severally gave bonds conditioned for the faithful discharge of their several duties as required by law.
No. 8 .- Ordered that this meeting be and is here- by adjourned until the 25th day of April, 1820, at I O'clock P. M., at the house of Morris A. Newman, in the town of Croghansville.
No. 9 .- Commissioners met in pursuance to ad- journment at the house of Morris A. Newman, on tuesday, the 25th of April, in the year 1820, in the town of Broghansville.
No. 10 .- Ordered that Joseph Chafey be paid eleven dollars for Blank Books to be paid out of the county treasury.
96
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY
No. 11 .- Organization of Thompson Township. Ordered that a township be detached from the town- ship of Croghansville by the name of thompson; boundaries as follows: Beginning at the northeast corner of the Seneca Reservation, thence north from the Cinica Reservation to the present trailed road from Croghansville to Strong's settlement till it shall intersect the Fire-Lands, thence South with said line to the Base Line, thence west along said line till a line due north will strike the place of beginning.
Order to elect officers .- The qualified electors of the township of thompson are ordered to meet on Saturday, the 6th of May next, at the house of Joseph parmeter, for the purpose of electing their township officers, at 10 O'clock A. M. on said day, and then and there proceed to elect said officers as the law directs.
The foregoing extracts are a complete transcript with figures, capital letters, and spelling found on the first two pages of the old record.
The county commissioners at the time, April 8, 1820, were Moses Nichols, Jere- miah Everett, and Morris A. Newman. They met, it seems, at different places, sometimes in Croghanville, on the east side, and at other times at Sandusky, on the west side of the river.
In 1824 the statutes of the State re- quired merchants and tavern-keepers to pay a license, and this old record shows the revenue of the county from these sources to have been as follows :
A list of treasurer's receipts from tavern and store licenses and permits since March 1, 1882, in my office to wit :
To George Reynolds, permit to keep tavern, $1 70
To Calvin Leezen, tavern license 10 00
To M. A. Newman, tavern license 5 00
To James McCollister, tavern license 10 00 To Samuel Baker, permit to keep tavern. I 50
To Laurence Gynal, permit to keep tavern. 4 00
To Jacob Millions, permit to keep tavern I 00
To Jacob Millions, permit to keep tavern 4 00
To J. S. & G. G. Olmstead, store license. 15 00 To Richard Sears, store license. 15 00
To Abram Courtright, tavern license 5 00
To Samuel Cochran, tavern license. 5 00
To Bartholomew Rossoms, tavern license. 5 00
To Israel Harrington, tavern license. 10 00
To Nicholas Whitinger, tavern license. 10 00
To Speeks, permit to vend merchandise. I 00
Full amount $103 20
All which is respectfully submitted March 4, 1823. B. F. DRAKE, Clerk C. P.
The exhibit of receipts from March 5, 1822, to June, 1823, on this record is as follows :
Received for store, tavern and ferry licenses . . $152 59
from county collection of taxes. ... 166 10 from fines of fishermen and fighting men .. II 70
$330 39
The record of expenditures for the year 1823 shows the following items:
Seth Cochran, for wolf scalps. $34 00
Henry Cochran, for wolf scalps 12 00
J. Spanknoble, for wolf scalps . 3 00
S. Baker, for wolf scalps. 15 00
Caleb Rice, for wolf scalps 4 00
D. Cochran, for wolf scalps 6 00
W. White, for wolf scalps. 3 00
S. Root, for wolf scalps. 3 00
T. Wood, for wolf scaips. 3 00
J. Parrish, for wolf scalps. 3 00
J. Guinale, for wolf scalps 3 00
A. Switzer, for wolf scalps 6 00
A. Courtright, for wolf scalps 12 00
Total. .$107 00
In 1824 horses and cattle over three years old were listed and taxed by the head. Seneca county had then been organized, but what is now Ottawa county was still a part of Sandusky.
The record above mentioned gives the number of horses and cattle over three years old in the different townships as fol- lows :
HORSES. CATTLE.
Sandusky township
33
83
Croghan township. 21
46
Portage township. 26
I51
Riley township. 26
169
Ballville township. 35
I22
Green Creek township 28
165
Townsend township. IC
123
York township 22
153
Total in the county. 20 I
I012
The total amount of taxes charged on the tax duplicate for the year 1824 was two hundred and ninety-five dollars and eighty- two cents.
97
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
HOW THE FIRST COURT HOUSE WAS BUILT.
October 27, 1817, the proprietors of land on the west side of the river laid out and recorded the plat of the town of San- dusky on the west side of the river. The location of the county-seat became a ques- tion of hot contest between Croghansville .and the new town of Sandusky. After much discussion, commissioners to settle the question of difference were appointed by the General Assembly of the State. On viewing the ground and hearing the argu- ments and propositions of each party, these commissioners finally decided in favor of the west side. In platting the town of Sandusky the proprietors had set apart on their plat a square containing about half an acre of land, and dedicated it to the coun- ty for a court house, and another square of equal size (marked B) for jail and of- fices. Sandusky county not then having been organized, the plat of this survey was recorded in Huron county, of which San- dusky then formed a part. The proprie- tors who signed this plat of the town of Sandusky were: Thomas L. Hawkins, for self and Thomas E. Boswell; Morris A. Newman; William Oliver, for self and company; Israel Harrington, for self and E. P .; Josiah Rumery.
The following extract, from the county commissioners' record in the book above referred to, is interesting for several rea- sons, among which are : that it shows the manner of doing public business in those days, and also the names of a number of the pioneers who settled at Lower San- dusky and vicinity, and who were leading men in public affairs in 1822:
SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
We, the undersigned, citizens of the county of Sandusky, do hereby bind ourselves, our heirs, ex- ecutors and administrators, firmly, to pay unto the commissioners of said county the following sums set opposite our names respectively, for the purpose of building a court-house, etc., provided the permanent seat of justice shall be located in the village of San-
dusky, the same to be paid as follows, by the first day of April, 1823.
NAMES.
Cash.
Labor.
Produce.
Materials.
Aggregate.
Cyrus Hulburd.
$50
$50 $100 $200
$100
Harvey J. Harmon.
5
5
5
5
20
Benjamin Wheat.
20
20
Israel Harrington
50
50
100
Calvin Leezen ..
5
50
45
100
E. W. Howland.
IO
IC
Richard Sears
25
25
William Andrews.
25
25
50
William McClellan ..
IC
IC
George and J. S. Olmstead.
25
25
50
100
David Gallagher ..
25
25
Lysander C. Ball.
IO
IO
Nicholas Whitinger.
5
5
5
5
20
Moses Nichols. .
25
25
50
Thomas L. Hawkins.
5
25
50
75
155
Jacob Bowlus. .
50
IO
IC
20
Joseph Loveland ..
IO
IO
Daniel Brainard.
IO
IC
Asa B. Gavit.
5
5
5
35
Ezra Williams.
5
5
5
5
5
John W. Tyler.
5
5
5
15
Morris Tyler.
5
5
IO
Daniel Tindall.
5
5
IO
Sylvanus Bixby.
5
5
John Custard.
5
5
Martin Baum, of Cincinnati,
50
50
100
200
400
David Chambers.
5
IO
I5
Ebenezer Granger & Co.,
by C. Hulburd.
5
30
35
Totals.
$235 $305 $515 $745 $1795
Now let the reader realize, if possible, the actual surroundings of the few people in it when the county was organized. To do this, it must be remembered that at that time its surface, like that of north- western Ohio generally, was an almost un- broken wilderness, and with the exception of a few small spots of wet prairie, covered by a dense forest of tall trees,-here and there a lonely, tortuous foot-path or bridle- way through the woods made by the In- dians in travelling from stream to stream, -no wagon-ways but those through the woods along the river, made for the move- ment of troops during the wars; no road- beds on these but the soft, wet, earth walled on each side and covered overhead by tall forest trees, among and around which the road was continually winding. As to the means of subsistence, the cornfield
20
20
John Drury ,
5
50
Charles B. Fitch ..
by M. T. Williams ..
98
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COTNTY.
and garden furnished bread and vegeta- bles; fish were very abundant and con- veniently procured from the rivers and creeks. Probably half the meat used by the inhabitants was obtained by the use of the rifle among the deer and turkeys in the woods, and ducks and geese along the streams. For a number of years during the early settlement on the Sandusky River, corn bread made of meal of Indian corn, was the only bread, and the meal was made in two ways: One was, by grat- ing the corn before it entirely hardened, on a grater made by punching a sheet of tin full of small holes, and taking the rough side for the grater. The tin was bent into an arch, rough side out, and the sides nailed to a shingle or piece of wood. On this rough surface the fresh ear of corn was
rubbed until the corn was grated from the cob. The other method was to dry the shelled corn until it was hard and brittle and then placing it in a wooden mortar pound it to meal with a wooden pestle.
These brief statements may give some idea of the condition of the country and of the people who launched Sandusky county into civil life and power, and laid the foundations of her prosperity, and the happiness of her people.
We place these statements on record here, so that when years shall have rolled past, and the county shall be thickly peopled and all its resources fully de- veloped, the curious may be able to com- pare the county from the beginning, and reckon the course and distance of her progress.
CHAPTER VIII (a).
FORT STEPHENSON.
FREMONT, OHIO, August 22, 1877. Hon. Homer Everett:
DEAR SIR: You are hereby requested by the city council of this city to furnish for publication an liis- torical account of the defence of Fort Stephenson, and the purchase and dedication of the site of the fort for a public park. Hoping this request will meet with your approbation, we remain,
Yours, etc .. C. R. MCCULLOCH, President of the Council. W. W. STINE, City Clerk.
In compliance with the request in the foregoing resolution, I submit to the Mayor and council of the city of Fremont the following memoranda of events connected with Fort Stephenson (or Fort Sandusky).
THE NAME.
The histories of the War of 1812 use two names to designate this fort. In an account of the battle here, published in March, A. D. 1815, Volume V., of the Port-Folio, a monthly pamphlet published
by Oliver Oldschool, it is called Fort San- dusky. In late publications and histories both names are used to designate the place, as "Fort Stephenson or Lower San- dusky." [Western Annals, by James H. Parker, page 544; Historical Collec- tions of Ohio, by Henry Howe, pages 448 and 449; History of the Maumee Valley, by H. S. Knapp, page 183.]
The name of Fort Sandusky was natur- ally derived from the river, near which it was situated. The other appellation of Fort Stephenson (or Stevenson, for it is spelled both ways in published histories,) was probably given to the place because Colonel Stevenson at one time command- ed the post. The following general order shows that he was in command on and before the 14th of May, 1813 :
99
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
GENERAL ORDERS.
HEADQUARTERS, LOWER SANDUSKY, ¥4th May, 1813.
The troops which now form the garrison at Lower Sandusky will be relieved to-day by a detachment furnished by His Excellency, General Meigs, to the senior officer of which Colonel Stevenson will deliver the post and public property in his possession.
The militia belonging to General Wadsworth's di- vision, now at this place, will, as soon as relieved, commence their march for Cleveland, where they will remain for the protection of that town.
Colonel Stevenson will furnish the senior officer of this detachment with a copy of this order, and the quartermaster here will provide the means of a trans- port for them. By order,
R. GRAHAM, Adjutant.
The following report is the first instance I have found where the name "Fort Steph- enson" was authentically used. It seems to be a report on the transportation to be furnished under the preceding order, but the spelling of Stevenson, I notice, is changed :
FORT STEPHENSON, ¿ May 22, 1813.
May it Please Your Excellency :
SIR: Agreeably to your orders, sent by Mr. Bishop, I have forwarded all the articles specified therein. The carriages on which they are to be mounted have not yet arrived, but are daily expected, as teams have been sent from this place under an escort from the garrison. If you deem it necessary that one of the carriages should be forwarded to Cleveland, the same will be done, on your order. Considerable manual labor has been done on the garrison since you left this place, and improvements are daily mak- ing.
The troops in general in the garrison are afflicted with bad colds. No epidemic or contagious disorder prevails. One person has been buried since you left this post. He came from Fort Meigs with a part of the baggage of Major Todd.
No news, or any apprehension of danger.
By order of Major Commanding.
R. E. POST, Adjutant.
R. J. MEIGS, Governor State of Ohio.
My memory holds, clearly, events as early as 1825, and events earlier. I have lived here since the year 1815, and ever since my earliest recollection the fort has been known in the locality as "Fort Stevenson."
WHEN AND BY WHOM CONSTRUCTED.
I am unable to find any data by which to determine the exact time when the con- struction of the fort was begun. By the treaty of Greenville, between the United States, represented by Anthony Wayne, and the hostile tribes of Indians in the territory northwest of the Ohio River, August 3, 1815, the United States obtained title to a number of tracts of land, called afterwards reservations, in different parts of the territory. Among those was a tract of land two miles square at the lower rapids of the Sandusky River. They also obtained by the same treaty the right of way to and from each of these several tracts. Wayne was an experienced Ind- ian fighter, and had then effectually sub- dued them; and knowing their character, no doubt anticipated further hostilities. His wise foresight is remarkably displayed in the selection of these parcels of land for advantageous military posts and forts.
The next we know of military opera- tion here was on the 18th of January, A. D. 1813, when General Harrison hastened here from Upper Sandusky, and on that morning sent forward a battalion of troops to the support of Winchester in his march to Detroit.
The next mention of the place in mili- tary history is found in a general report to United States Secretary of War John Armstrong, under date of " Headquarters, foot of the Miami Rapids, 11th February, 1813," in which, while giving his intended disposition of his forces, he wrote: “A company will be placed at Upper San- dusky, and another at Lower Sandusky."
He does not in this communication apply the term "fort" in connection with either place. Hence, a fair inference that at the date of this report no fort had been constructed.
I therefore conclude that the fort was built between the 11th of February, 1813,
1 00
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
and the 14th of May following, by Colonel Stevenson, who was relieved at the date last mentioned, by the order first above quoted.
That it was improved by the detach- ment sent to his relief, as shown by the foregoing report of Adjutant R. E. Post, under date of May 22, 1813, and was completed by Major Croghan (pronounced Croh-an) after he took command of it, which was on or about the 15th of July, 1813. [Portfolio, Vol. V., page 216, published March, 1815.] The same com- munication to the Portfolio has the fol- lowing :
No doubt was entertained that the enemy would visit Sandusky. Accordingly Colonel Croghan labored day and night to place the fort (which had received no advantages from nature or art) in a State of defence. The necessity of cutting a ditch round the fort immediately presented itself to him. This was done; but in order to render the enemy's plans abortive, should they succeed in passing the ditch (which was nine feet wide and six feet deep), he had large logs placed on top of the fort, and so adjusted that an inconsiderable weight would cause them to fall from their position, and crush to death all who might be situated below.
The walls of the fort were made of logs, some round and some flat on one side, being half of larger pieces of tim- ber, averaging about eighteen inches in thickness, set firmly in the earth, perpen- dicularly, each picket crowded closely against the other and about ten feet high, sharpened at the top. The walls inclosed about one acre of ground on a bluff formed by the hills, bounding the valley of the river on the east of the fort, and a ravine running in a northeasterly direc- tion, cutting through the bluff north of the fort.
After Croghan arrived at the fort he had a ditch six feet deep and nine feet wide, dug around it outside, throwing about half the earth against the foot of the pickets, and grading it sharply down to the bottom of the ditch. The other portion of earth was thrown on the outer
bank of the ditch, thus increasing the depth from the top of the outer bank.
Our esteemed citizen, J. P. Moore, in- formed the writer a few years since that he had a conversation with one James Kirk, then of Michigan, but since deceased. Kirk was then on a visit to Fremont, and guest of Mr. Moore. He informed Mr. Moore that he (Kirk) was here in the spring of 1813, and worked on the fort, and, being a blacksmith by trade, put the hinges on the gate of an addition to the fort ; that an additional area was en- closed that spring and fore part of the summer equal to the area of the original fort.
This fact accounts for what might other- wise appear singular, viz: A block-house or bastion near the middle of the north ditch. Kirk also mentioned a store- house then erected, built of peeled logs, which, being higher than the other build- ings and not so strong, was battered down by the enemy's cannon during the siege. In this house, Kirk said, was stored a quantity of hard bread intended for the support of the men in Perry's fleet, which was expected up the lake about that time. Kirk was sent to Fort Seneca shortly be- fore the battle, and was, consequently, not present during the engagement. But he returned shortly after, and for many years worked at his trade in this place. He was long known to the writer when a boy, and was a good citizen and an honor- able, truthful man.
THE ATTACK AND DEFENCE OF THE FORT.
Having raised the siege of Camp Meigs, the British sailed around into Sandusky Bay, while a competent number of their savage allies marched across through the swamps of Portage River, to co-operate in a combined attack on Lower Sandusky, expecting, no doubt, that General Harri- son's attention would be chiefly directed to forts Winchester and Meigs .. The Gen
ASSAULT OF FORT STEPHENSON, AUGUST 1, 1813.
FOODS
WOODS
Advance of BRITISH LAUDING
5 BATTERY
5
PLAIN
M.
PRAIRIE
W
E
4
(Cornfield.)
O.
3
INDEX- 1. Pickets.
2. Embankment from ditch to and against the pickets.
3. Dry ditch 9 feet wide, and 6 feet deep.
(Head of Navigation.)
-
Outward Embankment. A. Block-house first attacked by five cannon.
CREEK
B. Bastion from which the ditch was raked by Col. Croghan's six-pounder (Good Old Bess.)
C. Guard Block-house.
RAVINE
D. Hospital.
E. Storehouses.
F. Commissary's Storehouse.
CREEK
G. Magazine.
H. Fort gate.
(Prairie.)
K. Wicker gates.
L. Partition gate.
M. Mortars.
P. Graves of British officers.
C.
S
P.
EEED
ROAD to UPPER SANDUSKY
SPRING
-- GUN BOATS
ADVANCE of 200 GRENADIERS
SANDUSKY RIVER
PLAN OF FORT STEPHENSON AND BATTLE OF LOWER SANDUSKY. (FOR DESCRIPTION SEE HISTORY.)
IOI
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
eral, however, had calculated on their taking this course, and had been careful to keep patrols down the bay, opposite the mouth of the Portage, where he supposed their forces would debark.
.
Several days before the British had in- vested Fort Meigs, General Harrison, with Major Croghan and some other officers, had examined the heights which sur- rounded Fort Stephenson ; and as the hill on the opposite or southeast side of the river was found to be the most commanding eminence, the General had some thoughts of removing the fort to that place, and Major Croghan declared his readiness to undertake the work. But the General did not authorize him to do it, and he believed that if the enemy intended to invade our territory again, they would do it before the removal could be completed. It was then finally concluded that the fort, which was calculated for a garrison of only two hun- dred men, could not be defended against the heavy artillery of the enemy ; and that if the British should approach it by water, which would cause a presumption that they had brought their heavy artillery, the fort must be abandoned and burnt, pro- vided a retreat could be effected with safety. In the orders left with Major Croghan, it was stated: "Should the Brit- ish troops approach you in force with cannon, and you can discover them in time to effect a retreat, you will do so im- mediately, destroying all the public stores."
"You must be aware that the attempt to retreat in the face of an Indian force would be vain. Against such an enemy your garrison would be safe, however great the number."
On the evening of the 29th General Harrison received intelligence, by express, from General Clay, that the enemy had abandoned the siege of Fort Meigs; and as the Indians on that day had swarmed in the woods round his camp, he
entertained no doubt but that an immedi- ate attack was intended either on Sandus- ky or Seneca. He therefore immediately called a council of war, consisting of Mc- Arthur, Cass, Ball, Paul, Wood, Hukill, Holmes and Graham, who were unani- mously of the opinion that Fort Stephen_ son was untenable against heavy artillery, and that as the enemy could bring with fa- cility any quantity of battering cannon against it, by which it must inevitably fall, and as it was an unimportant post, con- taining nothing the loss of which would be felt by us, that the garrison should there- fore not be reinforced, but withdrawn, and the place destroyed. In pursuance of this decision, the General immediately dis- patched the order to Major Croghan, di- recting him immediately to abandon Fort Stephenson, to set it on fire and repair with his command to headquarters-cross the river and come up on the opposite side, and if he should find it impracticable to reach the General's quarters, to take the road to Huron, and pursue it with the ut- most circumspection and dispatch. This order was sent by Mr. Conner and two Indians, who lost their way in the dark, and did not reach Fort Stephenson until II O'clock the next day. When Major Croghan received it, he was of the opinion that he could not then retreat with safety. as the Indians were hovering round the fort in considerable force. He called a council of his officers, a majority of whom coincided with him in opinion that a re- treat would be unsafe, and that the post could be maintained against the enemy, at least till further instructions could be received from headquarters. The Major, therefore, immediately returned the follow- ing answer:
STR: I have just received yours of yesterday, 10 P. M., ordering me to destroy this place and mak good mretreat, which was recerved too atte to be carried into execution. We have determined to maintain this place, and, is hea ens, we can.
IO2
HISTORY OF SANDUSKY COUNTY.
In writing this brief note Major Cro- ghan had a view to the probaability of its falling into the hands of the ene- my, and on that account made use of stronger language than would otherwise have been consistent with propriety. It reached the General on the same day, who did not fully understand the circum- stances and motives under which it had been dictated. The following order was therefore immediately prepared and sent with Colonel Wells in the morning, es- corted by Colonel Ball, with his corps of dragoons :
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