USA > Ohio > Cuyahoga County > Cleveland > Ohio, the future great state, her manufacturers, and a history of her commercial cities, Cincinnati and Cleveland > Part 5
USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > Ohio, the future great state, her manufacturers, and a history of her commercial cities, Cincinnati and Cleveland > Part 5
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POTATOES .- Among the States which produce potatoes on a large scale, the returns of condition for October 1, this year and last, respectively, averaged-in-New York, 9.1 and 107; Pennsylvania, 37 and 100; Ohio, 84 and 89; Michigan, 87 and 89; Indiana, 85 and 77; Illinois, 77 and 59; Iowa, 81 and 51; Missouri, 55 and 61; Maine, 101 and 98; New Hampshire, 97 and 98; Vermont, 94 and 108; New Jersey, 86 and IO1. Lowest in condition, next to Kansas, are-Nebraska, 43; Arkansas, 46; Kentucky, 51; Mississippi, 54; Maryland and Tennessee, 58; West Virginia, 69. The average condi-
70
OHIO TO-DAY.
tion for the whole country is 86, against 39 one year ago. The acreage reported in July was about 2 per cent greater than in 1873. These figures indicate that the crop will fall somewhat below that of 1873, though no definite estimate can be made before the November returns, which report actual production compared with the previous year.
WHEAT .- The October returns show that the wheat crop is equal to, or greater than, last year's, in all the States except Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Texas, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Kansas. In Connecticut, Delaware, South Carolina, and Illinois, it is about equal to last year's crop. Other States have increased their yield. The New England States reached nearly a million bushels. Maine has increased her yield 33 per cent. The quality of the crop in these States is considerably improved. The Middle States have increased their yield, New York reporting an increase of 16 per cent. Of the South Atlantic States, Maryland falls I per cent and Virginia 6 per cent below last year; but this deficiency is more than made up by other States-Georgia showing an increase of 21 per cent. The quality is also improved. Of the Gulf States, Alabama reports an increase of 23 and Mississippi of 2 per cent, and Texas a decrease of 6 per cent .. In quality, Alabama improves 29 per cent, and Mississippi declines 9 per cent, and Texas 6 per cent. All four Southern inland States improve their quality from 4 per cent, in Akansas, to 17 per cent, in Tennessee. In quantity, Arkansas increases 50 per cent, Tennessee 29 per cent, West Virginia 23 per cent; Kentucky declines 5 per cent; Illinois equals last year's crop; Wisconsin falls 35 per cent short; Ohio increases her yield 16 per cent, Michigan 22 per cent, and Indiana 9 per cent. All show an improved quality except Wisconsin. In Missouri it is 27 per cent. Missouri increases her yield 29 per cent, and Nebraska I per cent; but Minnesota declines 16 per cent, Iowa 2 per cent, and Kansas 5 per cent, Insects have been destructive to Spring Wheat in these States. The quality is below last year's in all except Minnesota, which improves 2 per cent. On the Pacific Coast the crop is fully 50 per cent above the census year. Cali- fornia increases her yield 10 per cent, and Oregon 21 per cent. Oregon equals the quality of last year's crop, and California improves hers by 3 per cent. The increased yield of this section more than compensates for the decline of the North-west.
The number of bushels of corn raised in Ohio in 1873 was 84, 049,328. bushels ; wheat, 21,974, 385 bushels; oats, 20,501,904 bushels; barley, 1, 074,906 bushels; rye, 291,829 bushels; buckwheat, 213,074 bushels; potatoes, 5,966,316 bushels; sweet pota- toes, 170,370 bushels. Meadow products-1, 362, 164. tons timothy hay; 651, 158 tons clover hay ; 5,070,788 pounds flax fiber; 167,510 pounds flax seed; 39,572,558 pounds of tobacco. The wool clip of Ohio in 1873 was 17, 175, 465 pounds, which is 360, 744 pounds less than that of 1872. Wool shorn in the State in the last four years-1870, 20, 539,643 pounds; 1871, 16, 139, 331 pounds; 1872, 17,536,209 pounds; 1873, 17, 175,465 pounds.
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71
7
WINE.
IT is a little over fifty years since grape culture was commenced as a business in Ohio, since which time it has steadily increased. It is not so much, however, the number of acres planted during the last few years, as it is the more or less favorable results from those in bearing, and the comparative quality of the fruit and wines pro- duced therefrom, which tend to determine the question of superiority of our State above most others.
What little statistical information has been gathered thus far on this subject, and the very imperfect statements and incorrect figures given in the various reports, includ- ing that of the U. S. Agricultural Department, make it impossible to give reliable com- parisons; but even this last-named report shows that the average produced per acre in Ohio was 3,745 pounds grapes, or 320 gallons wine. A more reliable proof of the superiority of Ohio's grapes, over all others we find by comparing the strength of the must by Oechsle's Must-scale, which always comes out in favor of Ohio, even against the most celebrated wine localities of the Union. This is due to climate and soil. One who has given much attention to the investigation of this subject, says: "The two important natural conditions demanded by the grape are climate and soil. Given these two, all the rest will eventually follow from the application of the skilled industry of the vine-dresser. In this portion of the Lake Erie and Ohio Valley districts, we find these two elementary conditions, climate and soil, existing together. That the soil and climate of Ohio are eminently adapted to the growth of the grape is a point too well established to need discussion here. The fact is well known and universally acknowl- edged throughout the entire district, and, perhaps, I may venture to add, throughout the United States. Compared with other sections of the United States (at least all those east of the Rocky Mountains), so far as their capabilities have been tested, our advan- tages for the production of wine are certainly superior."
.
72
ORCHARDS AND VINEYARDS.
THE number of acres in orchards and vineyards in Ohio, and their products, in 1873, were reported as follows :
Acres in orchards, 385,829
vineyards, . 19,660
" of vines planted in the year,
819
Bushels of apples gathered,
IJ,343:43I
peaches 94,516
pears 66
80,033
Pounds of grapes
6,607,653
Gallons of wine pressed, .
208,289
The following counties produced more than 2,500 gallons of wine each in 1873 : Ottawa, 79,859; Brown, 20,501 ; Belmont, 18,320; Clermont, 16,581; Hamilton, 12,- 266; Monroe, 7,373; Ross, 7,315; Erie, 6,543; Washington, 5,095; Franklin, 3,385; Cuyahoga, 2, 891 ; Holmes, 2,515.
At the Paris Exposition, the American Wine Company's champagne was awarded honorable mention, and diploma sent them on account of its fine flavor, although the French jurors remarked it had too much of the fruity taste. The German jurors, accus- tomed to wines of high bouquet and flavor, were very much pleased with the American wines which possessed these qualities. The American committee, consisting of the Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, Alexander Thompson, William J. Flagg, and Patrick Barry, said : "From what comparison we have been able to make between the better samples of American wines, on exhibition at the Paris Exposition, with foreign wines of similar character, as well as from the experience of many European wine-tasters, we have formed a higher estimate of our own ability to produce good wines than we had hereto- fore." Wines, which have since repeatedly been sent to Germany from Ohio, have been highly spoken of, and were pronounced very superior wines by the best connois- seurs. It is also a notable fact that the trade in native wines has assumed such pro- portions in Cincinnati that even her importers of foreign wines, who have heretofore strongly disfavored any others, feel now compelled to buy and keep always on hand
73
ORCHARDS AND VINEYARDS.
the Catawba, Concord, and Norion's Virginia, Werk's Golden Eagle, and wilay's Sans Pareil.
There are several other varieties that are destined to take high rank, but have not yet been made in sufficiently large quantities to become well known. There are about seventy-five varieties of native grapes in cultivation and on trial in the State. About one-third of this number may be considered as well rested, and more or less successful.
Our Concord wine is becoming more and more popular, and should take the place of imported clarets. It suits the uncultivated taste better than either claret or catawba The Norton's Virginia, as it becomes better known, is more and more esteemed for its valuable tonic and astringent qualities. As a medicinal wine it is not excelled, probably, by any wine, native or imported. Catawba has generally been con- sidered too acid by those unaccustomed to it; but it makes an exceedingly wholesome and palatable Summer drink, and is especially admired in the form of catawba cobblers. When made into sparkling wine or champagne, it has a very agreeable bouquet, and is preferred by those who become accustomed to it to the best imported champagne. It is purer, contains less alcohol, and is rapidly superseding them.
10
74
BENEVOLENT AND REFORMATORY INSTITUTIONS.
CENTRAL OHIO HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.
THE first building erected by the State for the insane was begun in 1835, and completed and occupied in 1839. This building was burned in 1868, and a new one is now being erected near Columbus, on a site about three miles west from the old one. The total expenditures for this institution from 1835 to November 15, 1874, have been $2, 171, 729.45. The land now belonging to the institution, 300 acres, cost $100,000. Land and materials were sold for $215,400. The difference, $115,400, deducted from the total, leaves $2,056, 329.45 as the net amount expended for all purposes. Of this, $304,523.53 were paid in 1874; namely, $304,223.78 for building, and $299.75 for current expenses.
The average annual current expenses from 1853 to 1868, inclusive, were $48,- 074.27. The average daily number treated during that time was 262, and the average current expense per capita 5014 cents a day.
NORTHERN OHIO HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. .
The State purchased for this institution fifty-six acres of land in 1852 at Newburg for $2,300. and in 1870 fifty acres more for $16,800. The other expenditures to No- vember 15, 1874, were, for buildings and betterments, $1,034, 104.43, and for current expenses and repairs, $941, 020. 78; making the aggregate for all purposes $1, 994, 225.21. Of this amount, $358,841.67 were paid in 1874; namely, $301,099.72 for buildings, : and 57.741.95 for current expenses and ordinary repairs. The whole number treated in the year was 527; the average daily number 253, and the average current expense per capita 621/2 cents a day.
The first patients were admitted in 1855. The average daily number treated in the last nine years was 250, and the average current expense per capita for that time 69 6-10 cents a day.
75
BENEVOLENT AND REFORMATORY INSTITUTIONS.
WESTERN OHIO HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.
This hospital is located at Dayton, where fifty acres of land were donated for it in 1852. In 1862, twenty-four and one-third acres were purchased by the State for $3,750, and in 1872, eighty-two and two-third acres more for $19,705.62 ; making one hundred and fifty-seven acres, at a cost to the State of $23, 455.62. The other expendi- tures to November 15, 1874, were, for buildings and betterments, $505,597.09, and for current expenses and repairs, $1, 100, 835.60; making the aggregate for all purposes $1,629,888.31. Of this amount, $99,396.30 were paid in 1874 for current expenses and ordinary repairs.
The first- patients were admitted in 1855. The whole number treated in the last year was 960, and the average daily number 526. The average current expense per capita in 1874 was 5134 cents a day. The reports do not give the data from which the expense per capita for a series of years can be shown.
SOUTH-EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.
The land attached to this hospital, embracing 150 acres at Athens, was donated to the State in 1868.
The total expenditures to November 15, 1874, were $993, 913.38. Of this, $899,- 188.62 were for buildings, permanent improvements, and furniture, and $94,724.76 for current expenses and ordinary repairs. The amount paid from the State Treasury in 1874 was $216,586.34 ; namely, $98, 105.09 for buildings and improvements, $23, 756.49 . for furniture, and $94,724. 76 for current expenses and repairs.
The first patients were admitted in the last year, being 344 males, and 364 females; total, 708. The average daily number was 4252/3. The average current expense per capita for the year was nearly 61 cents a day.
ASYLUM FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB.
Ten acres of land in Columbus were bought by the State for this asylum in 1829, at a cost of $303.00. Three lots were added in 1867, costing $6,000.00, and one lot in 1872, costing $3,750.00, making the total cost of land $10,053.00. The expenditures for buildings and betterments up to November 15, 1874, were $727,237.26, and the current expenses and repairs amounted to $1,004,893.41 ; making the total for all pur- poses $1, 742, 183.67. Of this, $81,781.96 were paid in the last year for current
70
OHIO TO-DAY.
expenses and ordinary repairs. Buildings for printing and book-binding are connected with this asylum.
The number of pupils in attendance in 1874 was 468 --- 272 males and 196 females ; the average daily number 400. The average daily expense per capita was 56 cents.
ASYLUM FOR THE BLIND.
In IS47 the State bought fifteen and one-half acres of land in Columbus for this asylum for $1,760.00, and in 1854 two acres more for $2,500.00; making the whole amount paid for land $4,260.00. Buildings, repairs, and permanent improvements, from 1854 to November 15, 1874, cost $416,853.82. The expenditures by the State for this class of unfortunates began in 1837, and up to November 15, 1874, amounted to $1,099.937.31. Of this there were paid in the last year for building, permanent improvements, and furniture, $80,404.62, and for current expenses, $40,763.23.
The number of pupils in attendance during the last year was 169, of whom 94 were males and 75 females. The average daily number was 109, and the daily expense per capita was $1.02.
The new building-a commodious stone. structure-is just completed and occupied.
OHIO STATE ASYLUM FOR IDIOTS.
From 1857 to 1868, inclusive, the State rented buildings and grounds for the care of the idiotic. In 1864, 130 acres of land were purchased at Columbus for this purpose for $17,550. In 1871, 5773 acres more were added, costing $7,713.71, making 1877/3 acres in all, at a cost of $25.263. 71. The expenditures for buildings, rents, permanent improvements, and furniture, to November 15, 1874, amounted to $411, S.14.82. and the current expenses and ordinary repairs, to $420, 139.32; making the total for all purposes $831,984. 14. Of this there were paid in the last year, for building, improvements, and furniture, $91,381.64, and for current expenses and repairs, $69, 903.56.
The number of idiots in the Institution in the last year was 386. The average daily number was 352, at an average expense, per capita, of 54 cents a day.
OHIO SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' ORPHANS' HOME.
The land for this Institution-100 acres, near Xenia-was donated in 1870. There have been expended by the State from 1870 up to November 15, 1874, for buildings and betterments, $245,463. 15; for current expenses, $257,507.58 ; for support of orphans
---
77
BENEVOLENT AND REFORMATORY INSTITUTIONS.
outside of the Home, $1.400.33; and for woodland, $3.450 (the last two amounts paid in 1874): making the aggregate $510,911.58.
The current expenses in 1874 were $61,051.75, and the amount paid for buildings, improvements, and furniture, $14.575. 19; making the total paid during the year, $83.567.79.
The number under instruction at the Home during the last year was. 555; the average daily number, 520; and the current expense, per capita, 32 cents a day.
OHIO STATE REFORM FARM.
In 1857 the State purchased for this Institution 1, 170 acres of land, near Lancaster, for $15,000. The expenditures to November 15, 1874, for buildings and betterments, were $204, 856.24, and for current expenses, improvements, repairs, stock, etc., $536.860.38; making the total for all purposes, $756,716.62. Of this there were paid in 1874, for current expenses and ordinary repairs, $49,000, and for buildings and improvements, $14,563.26; total. $63,563.26.
The number of boys under instruction in 1874 was 636; the average daily number, 450; and the average expense per capita, 30 cents a day.
GIRLS' INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.
The State purchased 189 acres of land at White Sulphur Springs in 1869 for $55,000. The expenditures to November 15, 1874, for buildings, and betterments, were $44, 904.67, and for current expenses and repairs, $103.299.75; making the total for all purposes, $203, 204.42. The amount paid during the last year was, for buildings and furniture, $29,521.89, and for current expenses and ordinary repairs, $20,201.98; total, $49, 723.87.
The number of girls present in 1874 was 166; the average daily number, 143, and the average expense, per capita, 38 cents 7 mills a day.
STATE HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE.
The reports from the Probate Judges show that 1, 018 persons-512 males and 506 females- vere sent to the hospitals for the insane during the year ending March 31, 1374, as follows:
Northern, . Central. South-eastern,
113 males, 117 females. 98 103
78
OHIO TO-DAY.
Western,
149 males, 108 66
123 females. Longview, white, colored,
5
66
Lucas County,
39
Totals,
. 512
9 31 66 500 123 66
This shows a decrease of 161-96 males and 65 females-as compared with the numbers for the previous year.
It is found by careful investigation that the ratio of curable cases of insanity to the chronic is about I to 4. This, of course, varies according to the treatment. Of recent cases, three-fourths will be cured in the first year in well regulated hospitals, while not one-tenth recover in that time, and many more become hopelessly incurable, when con- fined in jails or county infirmaries. Saying nothing of the humanitary consideration, the gain financially, by the careful hospital treatment, in greatly shortening the average time of insanity, is immense, proving the wisdom of our legislators in so liberally providing for this numerous class of the unfortunate.
About one in every sixteen or eighteen hundred persons in this country yearly become insane. Under our humane hospital treatment three-fourths of these will annually recover, and one-fourth become incurable.
.
79
2
EDUCATION.
THE following is a summary of the school statistics of Ohio for the year ending August 31, 1874:
Number of primary schools, 14,356
high schools, 412
teachers in primary schools, . 21,664
teachers in high schools, . . 7II
scholars enrolled in primary schools, 683,644
scholars enrolled in high schools, 24,299
Amount paid teachers in primary schools, $4,196,408 20
high schools, 408, 101 25
for sites and buildings, 1,472,100 95
for fuel and other contingent expenses, 1,328,462 00
64 on bonds and interest, 516,603 20
Making the total amount paid, 8,072,167 65
Total enumeration of youth, six to twenty-one years of age,
988, 180
Average am't paid for all school purposes for each youth enumer'd Number of universities and colleges,
$8 16
academies, normal schools, etc.,
36
schools of theology, 12
44
schools of law, 3
schools of medicine, II
80
NEW STRUCTURES.
THE reports made to this office by the County Recorders show that ir.441 new buildings, valued at $12,293,365, were erected within the year ending April 30, 1874, being a decrease of 309 in the number crected, and an increase of $170,004 in value, as compared with the report for the previous year.
The summary for the year 1874 is as follows:
Kind of Buildings.
Number.
Dwellings,
15,479
Cost. $7,928,182
Hotels.
29
318,820
Mills,
99
221,455
Depots, .
7
14,250
Machine shops and factories,
IO7
367,910
Iron furnaces,
9
169,500
Rolling Mills,
3
50,000
Stores, shops, etc.,
796
1, 120,355
Churches, .
8I
753,500
School-houses,
165
429,043
Public halls,
I2
67,725
Miscellaneous,
2,654
852,625
Totals,
19,44I
$12,293,365
.
CORPORATIONS.
CHARTERS have been granted during the year to three hundred and ten corporations, with an aggregate capital stock of $46,520,066; twenty-five companies increased their capital $9, 126,000 in the aggregate; two reduced their capital $190,000; making the net authorized capital during the year, $655,456,066. Twenty-four amended and supple- mentary certificates and miscellaneous papers were filed and recorded under the cor- poration laws.
81
RAILROADS.
THE following items are abstracted from reports made by the railway companies in Ohio to the Commissioner of Railroads and Telegraphs for the year ending June 30, 1874 :
Increase of mileage, main track (being 164.525 miles less
than that for the year previous), 21I.475 miles.
Length of main line and branches, . 4,374.442 66
Length of sidings and other tracks, . 1, 142.046
Total track laid with rail in Ohio, 5,516.488 66
Amount of capital stock paid in, . . $147,902,160 98
Amount of funded and other debt,
$151,029,300 86
Total of stock and debt, . $298,931,461 84
Number of passengers carried.
14,886,294
Tons of freight carried, .
26, 199,435
Gross earnings on 4, 195.31 miles operated $37, 177, 129 74
Net earnings, $10, 182, 894 24
The increase of mileage within the year, new line, and including corrections, resulting from remeasurements, etc., is as follows :
Baltimore, Pittsburg, and Chicago Railway-new, 94.80
Cincinnati and Springfield Railway-correction, .30
Cincinnati and Whitewater Valley Railroad-new, 2.10
Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis Railway-correction, .75
Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railway-correction, 2.35
Cleveland, Mt. Vernon, and Delaware Railroad-additional, 2.66
Cleveland and Pittsburg Railroad-additional, .02
Gallipolis, M'Arthur, and Columbus Railroad-Vinton Furnace Railroad, Iron Railroad-additional,
2.34
2.50
Lake Erie and Louisville Railway-additional, 8.41
Lake Shore and Tuscarawas Valley Railway-additional, .77
Lawrence Railroad, 12.70; less reported 1873 by Pittsburg, Fort Wayne, and Chicago Railway Company, 7.40-additional, 5.30
Mahoning Coal Railroad -- additional, 3.58
II
S2
OHIO TO-DAY.
Mansfield, Coldwater, and Lake Michigan Railroad --- additional, 27.485
Marietta, Pittsburg, and Cleveland Railway-additional, 19.
North Columbus Railway -- new, 3.81
Ohio and Toledo Railroad-new, 10.50
Painesville and Youngstown Railroad-additional, . 39.30
Toledo and Maumee Narrow Gauge Railroad-new, 7.00
Toledo, Tiffin, and Eastern Railroad-additional, 1.06
Total,
234.935
Less Ashtabula, Youngstown, and Pittsburg Railroad-correction, .90
Chicago and Canada Southern Railway-correction . 2.50
Cincinnati and Baltimore Railway-correction, .40 Cincinnati, Sandusky, and Cleveland Railroad-correction, . 2.00 Columbus, Chicago, and Indiana Central Railway-correction, 1.co Columbus, Springfield, and Cincinnati Railroad -- correction, .63
Columbus and Xenia Railroad-correction, .58 Dayton and Union Railroad-correction, .04
Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway -- correction, .98
Little Miami Railroad-correction, 1.03
Carrollton and Oneida Railroad-taken up, 12.00
Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and St. Louis Railway-correction, .50
22.56
Net increase,
211.475 m's
Among the principal roads owned and operated in our own State are :
CLEVELAND, COLUMBUS, CINCINNATI, AND INDIANAPOLIS RAILWAY.
J. H. DEVEREUX, President. A. ELY, - Auditor.
H. B. HURLBUT, - Vice-President. LUCIEN HILLS, General Freight Agent.
GEO. H. RUSSELL, - Secretary and Treasurer. S. F. PIERSON, ยท General Ticket Agent.
E. S. FLINT, General Superintendent. L. S. YOUNG, Master Mechanic.
FRANK FORD, Chief Engineer.
W. F. SMITH, - - Master Car Builder.
HISTORY OF ORGANIZATION .- The Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati Railroad Company was chartered March 12, 1845; was completed, and trains run through from Cleveland, on Lake Erie, to Columbus, Ohio, February 22, 1851, 138 miles. In the year 1861, the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati Railroad Company acquired by purchase that portion of the Springfield, Mt. Vernon, and Pittsburg Railroad between Delaware, Ohio, and Springfield, Ohio, 50 miles. The Indianapolis, Pittsburg, and
83
RAILROADS.
Cleveland Railroad, extending from the city of Indianapolis, in the State of Indiana, east- ward, to Union City, at the State line of Indiana, 84 miles, and the Bellefontaine and In- diana Railroad, extending eastward from Union City to Galion, Ohio, 119 miles, were consolidated under the name of the Bellefontaine Railway Company, in the year 1864, pursuant to the laws of the States of Ohio and Indiana. In April, 1868, the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati Railroad Company was consolidated with the Bellefontaine Railway Company, under the name of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indian- apolis Railway Company, pursuant to the laws of the States of Ohio and Indiana- making the total length of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis Rail- way, 391 miles. On the 24th day of January, 1871, the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin- nati, and Indianapolis Railway Company, pursuant to the laws of the State of Ohio, became the lessees of the Cincinnati and Springfield Railway, extending from the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, northward to the city of Springfield, Ohio, 801/2 miles. Total length of road owned and operated by the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis Railway Company, 47112 miles.
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