USA > Ohio > Ohio's progressive sons; a history of the state; sketches of those who have helped to build up the commonwealth > Part 19
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ALLEN TRIMBLE, who, after the resignation of Ethan Allen Brown, had already served as acting Governor, became the successor to Jeremiah Morrow. He was a native of Vir- ginia and a resident of Highland County, Ohio, when elected to the office of Governor. Mr. Trimble had the unique distinction of having been seven times elected speaker of the State Senate. The Governor was a strong friend of the public school system and all public improvements. His administration saw the beginning of the abolition movement and the dawn of another era in the history of Ohio. Governor Trimble also served two terms. His successor was General DUNCAN McARTHUR, of Ross County. General McArthur's career has been closely connected with the history of the State. Being a native of New York, Governor McArthur had emigrated to Ohio when the State was in its infancy and had grown up with the new country. He had been a surveyor in the wilderness, a mem- ber and speaker of both branches of the General Assembly and a Representative in Con- gress. But his chief distinction is as a soldier. He began his military career as a private in Harmars' expedition when only eighteen years of age; served the next year in another Indian campaign, was made Captain of militia by St. Clair in 1798, and elected Major Gen- eral of the Ohio Militia in 1808 by the General Assembly of Ohio. In the war of 1812 he enlisted as a private, was almost immediately elected Colonel of the First Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, bore a most creditable part in Hull's unfortunate campaign, and made, during the course of this war, in the operation around the western end of Lake Erie, so brilliant a record that he was, at its termination, a Brigadier-General of the regular army. His admin- istration saw the last of the Indian wars which affected Ohio; the canals in operation; the National Road in use and the commencement of the era of railways, eleven being chartered at one session of the General Assembly of 1831 and 1832.
ROBERT LUCAS, the next Governor, came from Pike County. He was born in Vir- ginia and had fought in the war of 1812 against England, where he obtained the rank of Brigadier-General. After he had become a citizen of Ohio he was elected to the General Assembly, and served in both branches, twice as Speaker of the State Senate. He was pre- siding officer of the first Democratic National Convention, which nominated President Jackson for his second term. During the Governor's second term of office occurred the famous controversy with Michigan over the Northwestern boundary of the State. Ohio came out victorious, and in honor of Governor Lucas the county at the mouth of the Maumee
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was named after him-Lucas County. Champaign County furnished the next Governor, JOSEPH VANCE. He was elected by the Whigs. Born in Pennsylvania, he had fought in the war of 1812, had been many times a member of the General Assembly and for four- teen years a member of Congress. His administration was marked by a thorough revision and improvement of the school system of Ohio.
WILSON SHANNON, of Belmont County, was the successor of Governor Vance. He enjoyed the distinction of being the first native-born Ohioan to achieve this high position, and was one of the very few men who came into this office without previous service in other positions. Governor Shannon was a distinguished lawyer and a very remarkable man. Dur- ing his administration the abolition movement gained headway. In 1842 he was defeated for re-election by Thomas Corwin, but in 1844, in turn, defeated Corwin for the office of Governor. The same year he resigned his position to become Minister to Mexico. THOMAS CORWIN was a man famous for his oratory and wit. He was a native of Ken- tucky. had taken part in the war of 1812 as a wagon boy and had served two terms in the General Assembly and five in Congress, when elected Chief Magistrate of Ohio. After his term as Governor he was elected to the United States Senate, and resigned from that body to become Secretary of the Treasury. THOMAS W. BARTLEY, of Richland County, Speaker of the State Senate, became active Governor when Governor Shannon resigned, in 1844. He was a Democrat and was succeeded by his father, MORDECAI BARTLEY, a Whig. The latter was a native of Pennsylvania, an officer in the war of 1812, a mem- ber of the General Assembly and had served four terms in Congress, from 1823 to 1831. Governor Bartley was the second war Governor of Ohio, his administration witnessing the war with Mexico. During his term the Bank of the State of Ohio was chartered, and the present system of taxation adopted. In 1846 WILLIAM BEBB, of Butler County, and a native of Ohio, was elected to the executive office. He was a sturdy opponent of the "black laws," and during his administration much progress was made in internal improve- ments. SEABURY FORD, of Geauga County, was the last Whig candidate elected Gov- ernor of Ohio. He was born in Connecticut, and had served in both branches of the General Assembly. REUBEN WOOD, of Cuyahoga County, a native of Vermont, was Governor Ford's successor. He had been a State Senator and a Judge of both the Common Pleas and Supreme Courts. His administration was a time of great activity in financial affairs, the free banking system was inaugurated and many railroad lines opened for traffic. Dur- ing his first term the Constitutional Convention met, and the constitution framed by it went into effect in 1852. So Governor Wood was the last Governor under the first constitu- tion, as well as the first under the second. In 1853 Governor Wood resigned to accept the position of Consul at Valparaiso. Lieutenant Governor WILLIAM MEDILL succeeded to the Governor's office upon the resignation of his predecessor, and was elected to that office the same fall. He was born in New Castle County, Delaware, in 1802, and had come to Lancaster. Ohio. in 1832. entering at once on the practice of the law. He had served three years in the State Legislature and four years in Congress. Early in President Polk's administration he was made first Assistant Postmaster General, but resigned to accept the Commissionership of Indian Affairs, in which office he introduced many needed reforms. In 1851 he was selected as President of the Constitutional Convention. After the close of his term as Governor he held the position of first Comptroller of the United States Treasury, serving through all of President Buchanan's administration and two months under Presi- dent Lincoln. He died at Lancaster, Ohio, on the 2nd of September, 1865.
SALMON PORTLAND CHASE, born in Cornish, New Hampshire, on the 13th of January, 1803. next filled the executive chair. He procured an education by close economy and hard
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work, and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1826, after which he taught school in Washington, D. C., a short time, becoming subsequently a law student under Attorney Gen- eral Wirt, in Washington. When a boy he had spent some years with his celebrated uncle, the Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Ohio, Philander Chase, at Worthington, Ohio, and he returned to Ohio after being admitted to the bar, to take up the practice of his profession at Cincinnati. This was in 1830. He soon made his influence felt as a lecturer, as pub- lisher of the laws of Ohio, a work which insured his standing as a lawyer, even if it did not reward him financially, and as a historian. His first historical work was only a sketch, but it called attention to the importance of the study of the ordinance of 1787. He was a strong advocate for the abolition of slavery, and, while pursuing his law studies in Wash- ington, was actively engaged in trying to procure the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. During his residence in Cincinnati he was the fearless head of a long and bitter contest against slavery. Chase's argument before the United States Supreme Court has passed into history as one of the boldest and most powerful pleas for human liberty under the Constitution of the United States ever made by any person. In 1849 Mr. Chase was elected to the United States Senate by the Democrats in the Legislature, with the aid of two "free soilers," who held the balance of power. In 1855 he was elected Governor, and re-elected in 1857. During these four years the Republican party was organized, and in 1860 Mr. Chase was a prominent candidate for the Presidential nomination. In 1861 Mr. Chase was again elected to the United States Senate, but when President Lincoln was inaugurated, he became Secretary of the Treasury. During the war he distinguished himself as one of the greatest financiers of the world. His record there will be his enduring monument. Resigning from the Treasury Department, he was shortly after appointed to the Chief Justiceship of the Supreme Court of the United States, and filled that office until his death. The most celebrated act of his judicial career was presiding at the impeachment trial of President Johnson. Mr. Chase died in New York on the 7th of May, 1873.
WILLIAM DENNISON was the third war Governor of Ohio. He was of New England stock, his parents having come to Cincinnati about 1808, and here he was born on the 23d of November, 1815. After receiving such education as conditions in Cincinnati then afforded, he entered Miami University, from which institution he graduated in 1835. He subse- quently took up the study of law, was admitted to practice about 1840, when he removed to Columbus. Here he became connected with some railroad enterprises and was associated with the original construction of the Cleveland & Columbus Railroad, and of the Columbus & Xenia Railroad, of which he was President from 1854 to 1859. From earliest manhood Mr. Dennison was identified with the Whig party, which, in 1848, elected him to the State Senate. Eight years later, in 1856, he was a delegate-at-large to the First National Repub- lican Convention, at Philadelphia, and, in 1859, was elected Governor. When the Civil War broke out he was still in the Governor's chair and continued during the nine months remaining of his term. The great work of the administration was equipping and forward- ing troops. Retiring from the Governorship, he devoted his entire time and energy as a volunteer aide to the Governor, his successor, and to the President. In 1864 Governor Dennison was permanent Chairman of the Republican National Convention, which re-nom- inated President Lincoln, and in the fall of the same year he was appointed Postmaster- General. He remained in the Cabinet after President Lincoln's assassination, and until the summer of 1866, when, President Johnson's attitude having become determined, he was the first to resign his portfolio. Having returned to private life, he became interested in the construction of railroads until 1875, when Congress provided a new government for the District of Columbia under the direction of three commissioners. Governor Dennison was
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appointed Chairman of the commission, which position he occupied until 1878. In 1880 he was delegate-at-large to the Republican National Convention which nominated General Garfield. Governor Dennison closed his earthly career at Columbus, on the 15th of June, 1883.
DAVID TOD, born at Youngstown, Ohio, on the 21st of February, 1805, was the next Governor of Ohio. He was of New England stock, his father being a native of Connecti- cut, who emigrated to Ohio, serving as a Lieutenant-Colonel in the war of 1812 and as a Judge of the Supreme Court. After a thorough education David Tod took up the study of law, in which profession he obtained a high standing. In 1838 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1844 was the Democratic candidate for Governor. He afterwards was Min- ister to Brazil. 11 1860 he was Vice President of the memorable "Charleston Convention." where the secession of the Southern Democrats broke up the convention and paved the way for secession. After the adjournment of that convention to Baltimore, Caleb Cushing, the Chairman, went off with the Southerners, and Mr. Tod became Chairman. After the break- ing out of the Civil War Governor Tod was a most ardent advocate of its vigorous prose- cution, giving freely of his time and money to the cause, and became so prominent that he was elected by the Union Party-the combination of Republicans and War Democrats- to the office of Governor the first year of the war, serving one term. His tenure of office was during the very heat and passion of the war, and the duties were not only onerous, but they required tact, intelligence of the highest order and quickness of decision. Governor Tod discharged these duties skilfully and zealously, and was especially mindful of the welfare of that great army which Ohio kept constantly "at the front." After retiring from office he occupied himself with his large business interests. He died in his native city on the 13th of November, 1868.
JOHN BROUGH, Governor Tod's successor, was born at Marietta, O., on the 17th of Sep- tember, 1811. and died at Cleveland on the 20th of August, 1865, being the only Governor who died in office. His parents came to Ohio in pioneer days. At an early age he became a printer, and before he was twenty started a paper called "The Western Republican and Marietta Advertiser." President Jackson and John C. Calhoun were then in the midst of their quarrel over nullification, and Brough espoused the cause of Calhoun. This ren- dered his newspaper so unpopular that he removed to Lancaster and purchased the "Ohio Eagle." He was elected to the Legislature from Fairfield County in 1838, and soon after became Auditor of State, in which office he uncovered corrupt practice and inaugurated reforms that made him deservedly popular. He was also a very gifted speaker, and during the great campaign between Thomas Corwin and Wilson Shannon he was put forward by the Democrats to confront Corwin, confessedly the greatest orator Ohio has ever produced. While Auditor of State Mr. Brough purchased a newspaper at Cincinnati, changed its name to "The Enquirer." and was connected with it for a few years. In 1848, however, he practically withdrew from public life, owing to his dissatisfaction with the pro-slavery tendencies of his party. He turned his attention to railroading afterward, and became prominent in that and other business interests, which occupied him until his election as Governor in 1863. The political campaign of 1863 was the most virulent which ever took place in Ohio. It was inten- sified in bitterness by the nomination of his opponent on the Democratic ticket, Clement L. Vallandingham, who was then an exile by sentence of a military commission after a vain appeal to the United States Circuit Court. Vallandingham's arrest and sentence were by many good citizens deemed to be tyrannical and unconstitutional, and his friends made a bold and vigorous campaign. Governor Brough was elected by a majority of more than one hundred thousand votes, but he failed of renomination in 1865 and was deeply chagrined. He died
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at Cleveland, on the 29th of August, 1865, before his term of office had expired. Gen- eral Charles Anderson, Lieutenant Governor, served out his unexpired term.
JACOB DOLSON COX, the next Governor of Ohio, was born in Montreal, Canada, on the 27th of October, 1828. He obtained a thorough education, graduated from Oberlin Col- lege in 1851, after which he taught school until 1854, at the same time studying law. After his admission to the bar he took up the practice of his profession in Cincinnati. In 1859 he was elected to the State Senate, where he became a conspicuous figure, noted for his ability. At the outbreak of the Civil War Mr. Cox was commissioned Brigadier-General, and assisted in the organization of the Ohio troops until July, of 1861, when he entered into active service until the close of the war. He was promoted to the rank of Major-General, Division and Corps Commander. After the close of the war, in 1865, General Cox was elected Governor of Ohio, but declined a renomination in 1867. Retiring from office, he engaged himself in the practice of his profession until 1869, when he went into President Grant's Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior, where he served with distinction. From 1873 to 1879 Goxernor Cox was president and receiver of the Toledo & Wabash Railroad Company. In 1876 he was elected to Congress from the Toledo District. Three years later, in 1879, Gen- eral Cox returned to Cincinnati. The year following he was elected Dean of the Cincinnati Law School, and in 1883 President of the University of Cincinnati. In 1897 he retired from active life and devoted himself to literary and historical writing. He died on the 4th of August, 1900, at Magnolia, Massachusetts. His successor in the executive chair of Ohio was RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD HAYES, later President of the United States. He enjoyed the distinction of being the only Governor of Ohio elected thrice. EDWARD FAL- LENSBY NOYES was elected Governor of Ohio in 1871, serving one term. He was a native of Massachusetts, born at Haverhill on the 3rd of October, 1832. His parents died in his infancy, and, at the age of thirteen, he was apprenticed to the "Morning Star," a religious newspaper at Dover, New Hampshire. In 1853 he entered Dartsmouth College, and graduated with high honors at the close of his course. Having been born an anti-slavery Whig, he naturally became a Republican, and began his political career at college, in 1856, as President of the Fremont College Club. After graduating from College he came to Cin- cinnati, in 1857, where he took up the study of law and practiced until the Civil War broke out, when he was commissioned Major of the 39th Ohio Infantry. The regiment at once entered into active service. After the battle of Corinth Major Noyes became Colonel. Dur- ing the Atlanta campaign he took part in the battles at Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty and Kenesaw Mountain. At Ruffs Mills, on the 4th of July, 1864, Colonel Noyes was struck in the ankle by a minnie ball, which necessitated the amputation of his leg. Later Colonel Noyes was promoted to Brigadier-General and remained on duty, suitable to his condition, until April 22, 1865. The same year he was elected City Solicitor of Cincinnati, and the next year Probate Judge. After retiring from the executive office he resumed the practice of his profession in Cincinnati. In 1877 Governor Noyes was appointed Minister to France and served four years. In 1889 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court, remaining on the bench until his death, which occurred at Cincinnati on the 4th of September, 1890.
After Governor Noyes, WILLIAM ALLEN born at Edonton, North Carolina, in December, 1803, took possession of the executive office of Ohio. He was a Democrat. His parents died in his infancy, and he was reared at Lynchburg, Virginia, by his sister, the mother of the late eminent jurist and statesman, Allen G. Thurman. Mrs. Thurman removed to Chillicothe in 1819, and the next January Mr. Allen followed her. At Chillicothe he pursued his studies and took up the law. In 1833 he was chosen as the Democratic candi- date for the Legislature in a strong Whig district. Ex-Governor Duncan McArthur was his
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opponent, but, after one of the most memorable campaigns in the State, Mr. Allen was elected by the bare majority of one vote. In 1836 he left the House of Representatives for the United States Senate, and remained there twelve years, where he served with the greatest distinction. In 1873. the Democrats of Ohio had not elected a Governor for twenty years. They were just emerging from the overwhelming flood in which the slavery question and the Civil War had engulfed them. A demand arose all over the State for the old chieftain. During the campaign, although seventy years of age, he took the stump with all his early vigor and eloquence. Long after his death the Legislature of the State, although composed principally of men opposed to his political views, decreed that his statue should be one of the two to be erected by the State of Ohio to decorate the Capital at Washington. Gov- enor Allen died at Chillicothe, Ohio. on the IIth of July, 1879. His successor as Gov- ernor of Ohio was R. B. HAYES, elected for the third term to this distinguished position. In March, 1877, when Governor Hayes assumed the Presidency of the United States, Lieutenant
STATE HOUSE AND SUPREME COURT BUILDING COLUMBUS, OHIO
Governor Thomas Lowry Young became Governor of Ohio and served as such until his successor, RICHARD MOORE BISHOP. elected in the fall of 1877, on the Democratic ticket. took charge of the office. Mr. Bishop was a Kentuckian by birth, born on the 4th of November, 1812. in Fleming County. He obtained a fair common school education, after which he entered into mercantile pursuits in his native county. In 1847 he came to Cincin- nati. where later he became a senior member of the wholesale firm of R. M. Bishop & Co. In April, 1857, he was elected to the City Council, and in the following year became President of that body. This was followed, in 1859, by his election as Mayor. His admin- istration was very successful. Governor Bishop was also a member of the Constitutional Convention, and for many years one of the trustees of the Cincinnati Southern Railway. In 1877 the Democracy of Ohio nominated him to lead a forlorn hope for the Governorship, but. against all expectations. their candidate was elected by a large plurality. Governor Bishop died at Jacksonville, Florida, on the 2nd of March, 1893.
CHARLES FOSTER, Governor Cox's successor in the Gubernatorial chair of Ohio, was born neer Tiffin, Ohio, on the 12th of April, 1828. His paternal ancestors were early New England residents of Scotch-Irish origin. His mother's family, the Crockers, of English
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ancestry, were also early settlers of New England. The family went to Northwestern Ohio early in the last century to what was then known as the "Black Swamp," and located at Rome, now the city of Fostoria, occupying a double log cabin. In one end of it they lived and in the other the father kept a general store. The latter also engaged in the purchase and sale of real estate, and was a man of much more than average intelligence and ability to acquire property. His son Charles may be said to have grown up in a country store. He began to attend the public schools at the age of four years. At twelve he entered the academy at Norwalk, Ohio, where he re- mained two years, when, owing to sickness in his father's family, he became actively engaged in the management of the store, and never returned to the academy or attended any other institution of learning, though he received private instruction until he became very well informed in the English branches. At the age of eighteen his father made him a part- ner, and at nineteen he took entire charge of the store. He made regular trips to New York to purchase goods, and soon transacted the largest country business in the State of Ohio. During the Civil War he was active in encouraging enlistments, and supported all measures tending to sustain the country. He consented to accept the Colonelcy of the IOIst Ohio Regiment, but his parents, who had no other surviving children, prevailed upon him to forego his inclination. He gave credit to CHARLES FOSTER the family of every Federal soldier in his neighborhood, extending these credits over the entire period of the war. In 1867 the large business which he controlled was changed from the country store system to more modern methods. Out of it grew a bank, a grain and produce business and a hardware store. Mr. Foster's generosity toward all charitable institutions and humanitarian calls gained for him a marked popularity. In 1870 the Republicans in the Democratic district in which he lived nominated him by acclamation for Congress. In the management of this, his first cam- paign for his first office, he demonstrated his power of organization and keen political sagacity. He carried the district by a majority of 726, overcoming a Democratic majority of 1,800, the district at the same time giving a majority for the Democratic State ticket. Mr. Foster took his seat on the 4th of March, 1871, and was assigned by Speaker Blaine to a place on the Committee on Claims. He displayed great industry in the discharge of his duties on this committee and gained for himself the confidence of the House. In 1872, he was renom- inated for Congress by acclamation. He was opposed by Rush R. Sloane, of Sandusky, who, up to the nomination of Mr. Foster, had been a Republican. Mr. Sloane was Presi- dent of a railway which ran through the district. After an intensely interesting campaign, Mr. Foster triumphed by a majority of 776. Mr. Blaine, as speaker, assigned him to the Ways and Means Committee of the Forty-second Congress, and he was also appointed on a
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subcommittee on internal revenue matters. While engaged in the discharge of the latter duty he discovered and unearthed the frauds connected with what was then known as the "Sanborn contract." In the course of this investigation he encountered Benjamin F. Butler, who attacked him on the floor of the House. In this controversy he displayed a thorough knowledge of the subject with which he was dealing, and exhibited a talent for debate with which he had not hitherto been credited. The result of this contest was a decided tri- umph for Mr. Foster, the law authorizing the Sanborn contract being repealed without opposition in either house, while the encounter with General Butler gave him a National reputation. The Ways and Means Committee took up the question of the moiety laws, then prevailing in custom matters. Mr. Foster took an active part in the investigation and in the debate that followed, which resulted in the repeal of these laws as well as in the Pacific mail investigation, which took place in the committee. He was also placed on one committee to make an investigation of Louisiana affairs, and, as Chairman of a sub- committee, visited New Orleans. He witnessed the organization of the Louisiana Legisla- ture in 1875, when Wiltz assumed to be Speaker, took possession of the gavel by force and entertained a motion to unseat sixteen Republican members and to seat sixteen Democrats. He afterward saw the United States troops, at the instigation of Governor Kellogg, remove the Democrats and install the Republicans again in their places. Mr. Foster dealt with the subject in a manner which he deemed fair, pointing out the wrong-doing of both the Demo- cratic and Republican parties. This report created quite a sensation at the time, and for a while it seemed as though he had injured his prospects of continuing in public life. In point of fact. it strengthened him with all fair-minded people, for he was re-elected to Congress in 1874 by a majority of 159. the district at the time giving a Democratic majority of 1,650 on the State ticket. In 1876 he was once more nominated by acclamation. In his district resided General Hayes, who was then the Republican candidate for President. The Demo- cratic National Committee felt that if they could succeed in defeating Mr. Foster in Octo- ber they could score a strong point against the popularity of General Hayes, and proceeded to take special charge of the Democratic can vass in the district. Mr. Foster won, however, by 276 votes. He was the only Republican member from Ohio who voted for the electoral count bill, which resulted in the election of President Hayes. In 1877 the Democrats car- ried the Legislature of Ohio, and in redistricting the State gave Mr. Foster a district with a Democratic majority of 5.000. The Republicans of the Toledo district tendered him a nomination for Congress, which he declined, accepting one in the district made for him, though he knew defeat was inevitable. The result was a majority for the Democratic candi- date of only 1.300. At the Republican Convention, held in Cincinnati in June, 1879, he was nominated for Governor by a majority of seven and one-half votes over Judge Taft. He began his campaign on the 29th of June. and, with the exception of a few brief intervals in July, every week day until the election, October 14. was spent in making his canvass. He was elected over General Thomas Ewing, the Democratic candidate, by a majority of 17.000 votes. It was in this campaign that the Democrats dubbed him "Calico Charlie," being a reference to the fact that he was simply a merchant and dealer in dry goods. The application of this epithet proved a complete boomerang to the opposition. Toward the close of the campaign, as the excitement grew more and more intense, whole towns and cities were decorated with calico, bands were dressed in it. almost all the neckties worn by Repub- lican ladies and gentlemen were made of calico, and finally newspapers were printed upon it. In 1881 Mr. Foster was re-elected by 25,000 majority. In his administration of the office he gave special attention to the management of the public institutions, undertaking to free them from partisan superintendence. His boards were composed of three Republicans
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