USA > Ohio > Darke County > The Farm journal rural directory of Darke County, Ohio [with a complete road map of the county] 1916 > Part 31
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MELONS CUCUMBERS
(Mildew, rot, blight, striped .bugs, lice, flea beetle, etc.)
PEACH (Rot, mildew, leaf curl, curculio, etc.)
PEAR AND QUINCE .. (Leaf blight, scab, psylla, codling moth, blister mite, slugs, etc.)
.
. PLUM (Curculio, black knot, leaf blight. brown rot, etc.)
POTATO (Flea beetle, Colorado beetle, blight rot, etc.)
TOMATO (Rot, blight, etc.)
FIRST APPLICATION
When buds are swelling, but before they open, Bor- deaux.
Cut off all shoots below surface regularly until about July 1st.
Treat the seed before planting with bisulphide of. carbon. (See remarks.) When third leaf expands, Bordeaux.
Pyrethrum or insect pow- der.
Half strength Bordeaux on young plants in hotbed or seedbed.
As buds are breaking, Bordeaux; when aphis ap- pear, tobacco solution or
kerosene emulsion.
At first appearance worms, hellebore.
of
In spring, when buds swell, Bordeaux.
Just before flowers unfold, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture.
10-14 days repeat. (Note: Always use half strength Bordeaux on watermelon vines.)
When fruit has set, repeat. Jar trees for curculio.
Just before blossoms open, Bordeaux. Kerosene emul- sion when leaves open for psylla, if needed.
When blossoms have fallen, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture. Begin to jar trees for cur- culio.
Repeat before insects be- come numerous.
Repeat in 10-14 days. (Fruit can be wiped if dis- figured by Bordeaux.)
NOTE .- For San Jose scale on trees and shrubs, spray with the lime-sulphur mixture in autumn after leaves fall, or (preferably) in early spring, before buds start. The lime-sulphur
267
SECOND APPLICATION
If canker worms are abun- dant just before blossoms open, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture.
After cutting ceases, let the shoots grow and spray them with Bordeaux-arseni- cal mixture.
10 days later, Bordeaux.
7-10 days later, repeat.
Bordeaux, after plants are transplanted to field. (Pyre- thrum for caterpillars if necessary.)
When blossoms drop, Bor- deaux-arsenical mixture.
10 days later, hellebore. Bordeaux if leaf blight is feared.
Bordeaux, when vines be- gin to run.
As the buds swell, Bor- deaux.
As buds are swelling, Bordeaux.
When buds are swelling, Bordeaux.
Spray with Paris green and Bordeaux when about 4 in. high.
When plants are 6 in. high, Bordeaux.
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JACKETAS DΚΟΥΛ.
DARKE COUNTY
SPRAYING CALENDAR
THIRD APPLICATION.
FOURTII APPLICATION.
REMARKS.
When blossoms
· have fallen. Вог-
deaux·arsenical mix.
ture.
For aphis (lice) use one of the lice remedies mentioned elsewhere. Dig out borers from tree trunks with knife and wire. For oyster- shell scale, use whale-oil soap spray in June.
2-3 weeks later, Bor- deaux.arsenical mix-
Repeat in 2-3 weeks.
Mow vines close to ground when they are killed by frost, burn them, and apply a mulch of stable manure.
14 days later, Bor- deaux.
14 days later, Bor- deaux.
For weevils: Put seed in tight box, put a cloth over seed, pour bisulphide of carbon on it, put lid on and keep closed for 48 hours. Use 1 oz. to 4 bus. of sced.
7-10 days later, re- peat.
Repeat every 10-14 days until crop is
gathered.
Root maggots: Pour carbolic acid emulsion around stem of plants. Club root: Rotate crops; apply lime to soil; burn refuse; treat seed with formalin before planting.
days later, re- peat.
14 days later, re- peat.
Rot or rust is often caused by hilling up with earth in hot weather. Use boards for summer cro . Pithy stalks are due to poor . seed; or lack of moisture.
10-14 deaux.
days, Bor-
Hellebore, if a second brood of slugs appear.
Black knot: Dark fungous-looking bunches or knots on limbs. Cut off and burn whenever scen.
10-14 days, repcat, if necessary.
2 to 4 weeks later, repeat.
Cane-borers may be kept in check by cutting out and burning infested canes.
When fruit has set, Bordeaux · arsenical mixture.
2 to 4 weeks later, Bordeaux.
For lice, use any of the lice remedies. For rose bugs, use 10 pounds of arsenate of lead and one gallon of molasses in 50 gallons of water, as a spray. Or knock the bugs into pans of kerosene every day.
10-14 days, repeat.
10-14 days, repeat.
Use lice remedies for lice. For striped bugs, protect young plants with a cover of mosquito netting over each hill. Or keep vines well dusted with a mixture of air-slaked lime, to- bacco dust and a little Paris green.
Dig out b Cut down and burn trees affected with "yellows."
deaux.
NOTE :-- It is safer always to use half- strength Bordeaux on peach foliage.
8-12 days later, re- peat.
Look out for "fire blight." Cut out and burn blighted branches whenever seen.
10-14
10-20 days later,
Cut out black knot whenever seen.
Repeat for blight, rot and insects.
Repeat.
To prevent scabby tubers, treat the seed with formalin before planting.
Repeat in 10-14
Hand-pick tomato worms.
days.
mixture is a fungicide as well as a scale cure, and if it is used the first early Bordeaux spray may be omitted.
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1
2
When fruit is one- half grown, Вог-
After blossoms have fallen. Bordeaux-ar- senical mixture.
days later, repeat.
Bordeaux.
8-12 days later, Bordeaux · arsenical mixture.
ture.
МАЛОИЗУАЭ ЛИТАЛЯТИ
E
PLANTING TABLE FOR VEGETABLES AND BERRIES
VARIETY
For Horse Cultivation Have Rows
For Hoe or Wheel- Hoe Cultivation Have Rows
Distance Apart in the Row
Depth to Cover
Time to Plant in the North, Outdoors (See Foot-note)
ASPARAGUS, Seed ASPARAGUS, Plants ...
21/2 ft .. apart 4 ft. apart
1 ft. apart 3 ft. apart 2 ft. apart 4 x 3 ft. apart
3 in. transplant in 1 year 1 in.
2 ft. Thin to 4 in.
5 or 6 in. 2 in.
March-April March-April May 10-15
BEAN, String
21/2 ft. apart
BEAN, Lima
Pole, 4 x4 ft. apart Bush, 21/2 x 11/2 ft. apart 2 x 112 ft. apart
BEET
21/2 ft. apart
8 ft. apart
1 ft. apart 6 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in.
1 in.
March-April April. Or in the fall
BLACKBERRY, Plants CABBAGE and CAULI- FLOWER, Plants ......
21/2 ft. apart
2 ft. apart
16-24 in.
Early kinds, April; late kinds, June
CARROT CELERY, Plants
21/2 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in.
1/2 in.
March-April
3-4 ft. apart
2-3 ft. apart
6 in.
Early crop, May; late crop, early July
CORN, Sweet
4 ft. apart
Same
CUCUMBER
5 x 5 or 6x4 ft. apart
Same
8-12 in. 2 in. Scatter 15 seeds in hill; 1/2 in. thin out later
First sowing. early Ma: May 15
CURRANT and
GOOSEBERRY, Plants .. 5 x 5 ft. apart
5×4 ft. apart 2x2 ft. apart 11/2-2 ft. apart
Thin to 6-10 in.
1/2 in.
March-April
MELON, Musk
Same
Scatter 15 seeds in hill; 1/2 in. thin out later
1/2 in.
May 15-20
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
April. Or in the fall June 1
EGGPLANT, Plants
LETTUCE
21/2 x 21/2 ft. apart 21/2 ft. apart 6 x 4 ft. apart
May 15
MELON, Water
8x8 ft. apart
Same
Thin to 3 plants to a pole 1 in.
May 20-25
2 ft.
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PLANTING TABLE FOR VEGETABLES AND BERRIES-Continued
VARIETY
For Horse Cultivation Have Rows
For Hoe or Wheel- Hoe Cultivation Have Rows
Distance Apart in the Row
Depth to Cover
Time to Plant in the North, Outdoors (See Foot-note)
ONION, Seed
21/2 ft. apart
12-15 in. apart
Thin to 4 in.
1/2 in.
March-April
PARSLEY
21/2 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 6 in.
/2 in.
Early April
PARSNIP
212 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in.
1/2 in.
March-April
PEPPER, Plants
21/2 ft. apart
2 ft. apart
20 in.
June 1
. PEAS
3-4 ft. apart
21/2-3 ft. apart
Continuous row
3-5 in.
March-April
POTATO
3 ft. apart
2-21/2 ft. apart
12-18 in.
4 in.
Early, March-April;
late, May-June
RADISH
21/2 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 3 in.
/2 in.
March-April
RHUBARB, Plants
4 ft. apart
3 ft. apart
3 ft.
2 or 3 in. March-April
RASPBERRY, Plants ....
6 ft. apart
5 ft. apart
Red, 2 ft.
Early spring
SPINACH
21/2 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in.
l in.
March-April (or fall)
SQUASH-PUMPKIN
...
8x8 ft. (Bush Squash Same
1/2 in.
May 15-20
STRAWBERRY Plants
.4 ft. apart
3 ft. apart
15-20 in.
Have crown April. (Pot-grownplants level with in August) ground
TOMATO, Plants
4 x 4 ft. apart
4 x 3 ft. apart
May 25-June 1
NOTE .-- Planting time varies according to season and locality; dates given above are only approximate, and are based on latitude of Pennsylvania; allow about five days difference for each 100 miles north or south of this State. Do not work soil in spring while it is very wet and soggy; wait. Plants set in autumn must be well mulched with strawy manure, leaves, etc., during first winter. Successional sowings of corn, peas, etc., may be made later than the dates given.
DARKE COUNTY
Black, 212 ft.
4 × 4)
in
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
FARMERS' BULLETINS Sent Free to Residents of the United States, by Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C., on Application.
NOTE .- Some nmmbers omitted are no longer published. Bulletins in this list will be sent free, 80 long as the supply lasts, to any resident of the United States, on application to, his Senator, Representa- tive, or Delegate in Congress, or to the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Because of the limited supply, applicants are urged to select only a few numbers, choosing those which are of special interest to them. Residents of foreign countries should apply to the Superintendent of Documents, Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., who has these bulletins for sale. Price, 5 cents each to Canada, Cuba, and Mexico: 6 cents to other foreign countries.
22. The Feeding of Farm Animals.
27. Flax for Seed and Fiber.
28. Weeds: And How to Kill Them.
30. Grape Diseases on the Pacific Coast.
34. Meats: Composition and Cooking. 35. Potato Culture.
36. Cotton Seed and Its Products.
44. Commercial Fertilizers.
48. The Manuring of Cotton.
51. Standard Varietios of Chickens. 52. The Sugar Beet.
54. Some Common Birds.
55. The Dairy Herd.
61. Asparagus Culture.
62. Marketing Farm Produco.
64. Ducks and Geese.
77. The Liming of Soils.
81. Corn Culture in the South. 85. Fish as Food.
86. Thirty Poisonous Plants. 88. Alkali Lands.
91. Potato Diseases and Treatment.
99. Insect Enemies of Shado Trees. 101. Millets.
104. Notes on Frost.
106. Breeds of Dairy Cattle.
113. Tho Apple and How to Grow It.
118. Grape Growing in the South.
121. Beans, Peas, and Other Legumes Food.
126. Suggestions for Farm Buildings.
127. Important Insecticides.
128. Eggs and Their Uses as Food.
131. Tests for Detection of Oleomargarine. 134 Tree Planting in Rural School Grounds. 137. The Angora Goat.
138. Irrigation in Field and Garden.
139. Emmer: a Grain for the Semi-arid Re- gions. 140. Pineapple Growing.
150. Clearing New Land.
152. Scabies in Cattle.
154. The Home Fruit Garden
156. The Home Vineyard.
157. The Propagation of Plants.
158. How to Build Irrigation Ditches.
164. Rape as a Forage Crop
166. Cheese Making on the Farm. 167. Cassava.
170. Principles of Horse Feeding.
172. Scale Insects and Mites on Citrus Trees.
173. Primer of Forestry.
174. Broom Corn.
175. Home Manufacture of Grape Juice.
176. Cranberry Culture.
177. Squab Raising.
178. Insects Injurious in Cranberry Culture. 179. Horseshoeing.
181. Pruning.
182. Poultry as Food.
183. Meat on tho Farm.
185. Beautifying the Home Grounde.
187. Drainage of Farm Lands.
188. Weeds Used in Medicine.
192. Barnyard Manure.
194. Alfalfa Seed.
195. Annual Flowering Plants.
198. Strawberries.
200. Turkeys.
Cream Separator on Western 201. The Farms.
203. Canned Fruits, Preserves and Jellies. 204. The Cultivation of Mushrooms.
205. Pig Management.
206. Milk Fever and Its Treatment.
213. Raspberries
218. The School Garden.
220. Tomatoes.
221. Fungous Diseases of the Cranberry.
224. Canadian Field Peas.
228. Forest Planting and Farm Manage- ment.
229. Production of Good Seed Corn.
231. Cucumber and Melon Diseases.
232. Okra: Its Culture and Uses.
234. The Guinea Fowl.
236. Incubation and Incubators.
238. Citrus Fruit Growing in the Gulf
States.
239. The Corrosion of Fence Wire.
241. Butter Making on the Farm.
242. An Example of Model Farming.
243. Fungicides and Their Use.
245. Renovation of Worn-out Soils.
246. Saccharine Sorghums.
248. The Lawn.
249. Cereal Breakfast Foods.
250. Wheat Smut and Loose Smut of Oats.
252. Maplo Sugar and Syrup.
253. The Germination of Seed Corn.
254. Cucumbers.
255. The Home Vegetable Garden.
256. Preparation of Vegetables for Table.
the
257. Soil Fertility.
260. Seed of Red Clover and Its Impurities. 263. Information for Beginners in Irrigation. 264. The Brown-Tail Moth.
266. Management of Soils to Conserve Mois- ture.
269. Industrial Alcohol: Uses and Statistics. 270. Modern Conveniences for the Farm Home.
271. Forage Crop Practices in the North- west.
272. A Successful Hog and Seed-Corn Farm. 274. Flax Culture.
275. The Gypsy Moth.
277. Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines. 278. Leguminous Crops for Green Manuring. 279. A Method of Eradicating Johnson Grass. 280. A Profitable Tenant Dairy Farm. 282. Celery.
284. Enemies of the Grape East of the Rockies.
286. Cotton Seed and Cotton-Seed Meal.
287. Poultry Management.
288. Non-saccharine Sorghums.
289. Beans.
291. Evaporation of Apples.
292. Cost of Filling Silos.
293. Use of Fruit as Food.
295. Potatoes and Other Root Crops as Food. 298. Food Value of Corn and Corn Prod. ucts.
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DARKE COUNTY
299. Diversified Farming. 301. Home-Grown Tea. 302. Sea Island Cotton.
303. Corn Harvesting Machinery.
304. Growing and Curing Hops.
306. Dodder in Relation to Farm Seeds. 307. Roselle: Its Culture and Uses.
310. A Successful Alabama Diversification Farm.
311. Sand-Clay and Burnt-Clay Roads. 312. A Successful Southern Hay Farm.
313. Harvesting and Storing Corn. 318. Cowpeas.
321. The the Split.Log Drag on
Roads
322. Milo as a Dry-Land Grain Crop. 324. Sweet Potatoes.
325. Small Farms in the Corn Belt.
326. Building up a Cotton Plantation. 328. Silver Fox Farming.
330. Deer Farming in the United States.
331. Forage Crops for Hogs in Kansas 332. Nuts and Their Uses as Food. 333. Cotton Wilt. 337. New England Dairy Farms. 338. Macadam Roads. 339. Alfalfa.
341. The Basket Willow. 344. The Boll Weevil Problem.
345. Some Common Disinfectants.
346. The Computation of Rations.
347. The Repair of Farm Equipment. 348. Bacteria in Milk.
349. The Dairy Industry in the South. 350. The Dehorning of Cattle.
351. The Tuberculin Test of Cattle. 354. Onion Culture.
355. A Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm.
357. Methods of Poultry Management. 358. Primer of Forestry. Part II.
359. Canning Vegetables in the Home.
361. Meadow Fescue: Its Culture and Uses. 302. Conditions Affecting the
Value of IIny. 363. The Use of Milk as Food. 364. A Profitable Cotton Farm.
365. Northern Potato-Growing Sections.
367. Lightning and Lightning Conductors. 368. Bindweed, or Wild Morning-glory. 369. How to Destroy Rats. 370. Replanning a Farm for Profit.
371. Drainage of Irrigated Lands. 372. Soy Beans. 373. Irrigation of Alfalfa. 375. Care of Food in the Home. 377. Harmfulness of Headache Mixi ... 'es.
378. Methods of Exterminating Texas-fever Tick. 379. Hog Cholera. 380. The Loco-weed Disease. 382. The Adulteration of Forage-plant Seeds.
383. How to Destroy English Sparrows. 385. Boys' and Girls' Agricultural Clubs. 386. Potato Culture on Farms of the West. 387. Preservative Treatment of Timbers. 389. Bread and Bread Making.
390. Pheasant Raising in the United States. 391. Economical Use of Meat in the Home. 392. Irrigation of Sugar Beets. 393. Habit-forming Agents. 394. Windmills in Irrigation.
395. Sixty-day and Kherson Oats. 396. The Muskrat.
398. Use of Commercial Fertilizers in the South. 399. Irrigation of Grain. 400. Profitable Corn-planting Method.
401. Protection of Orchards from Frosts.
402. Canada Bluegrass; Its Culture and Uses.
403. Construction of Concrete Fence Posts.
404. Irrigation of Orchards.
406. Soil Conservation.
407. The Potato as a Truck Crop.
408. School Exercises in Plant Production.
409. School Lessons on Corn.
410. Potato Culls as a Source of Alcohol. 411. Feeding Hogs in the South.
413. The Care of Milk and Its Use. 414: Corn Cultivation.
415. Seed Corn.
417. Rice Culture.
420. Oats: Distribution and Uses.
421. Control of Blowing Soils.
422. Demonstration Work on Southern
Farms.
423. Forest Nurseries for Schools.
424. Oats: Growing the Crop.
426. Canning Peaches on the Farm.
427. Barley Culture in the Southern States. 428. Testing Farm Seeds.
429. Industrial Alcohol: Manufacture. 431. The Peanut.
432. How a City Family Managed a Farm. 433. Cabbage.
434. Production of Onion Seed and Sets. 436. Winter Oats for the South.
437. A System of Tenant Farming.
438. Hog Houses.
439. Anthrax.
440. Spraying Peaches.
441. Lespedeza, or Japan Clover.
442. The Treatment of Bee Diseases.
443. Barley: Growing the Crop.
444. Remedies Against Mosquitoes.
445. Marketing Eggs Through the Creamery.
446. The Choice of Crops for Alkali Land. 447. Bees.
448. Better Grain-Sorghum Crops.
449. Rabies or Hydrophobia.
450. Some Facts About Malaria.
452. Capons and Caponizing.
453. Danger of Spread of Gypsy and Brown. Tail Moths.
454. A Successful New York Farm. 455. Red Clover.
456. Our Grosbeaks and Their Value.
458. The Best Two Sweet Sorghums. 459. House Flies.
460. Frames as a Factor in Truck Growing. 461. The Use of Concrete on the Farm.
462. The Utilization of Logged-Off Land. 463. The Sanitary Privy.
464. The Eradication of Quack-Grass.
466. Winter Emmer.
467. Chestnut Bark Disease.
468. Forestry in Nature Study. 470. Game Laws.
471. Grape Propagation, Pruning, Training. 472. Farming in Central New Jersey.
474. Paint on the Farm.
475. Ice Houses.
476. Dying Pine in Southern States.
477. Sorghum Sirup Manufacture.
478. Typhoid Fever.
480. Disinfecting Stables.
481. Concrete on the Live-Stock Farm. 482. How to Grow Pears.
483. Thornless Prickly Pears.
484. Spotted Fever.
485. Sweet Clover. 487. Cheese in the Diet.
488. Diseases of Cabbage, etc.
489. Two Imported Plant Diseases.
490. Bacteria in Milk. 492. Fungous Enemies of the Apple.
493. English Sparrow Pest.
494. Lawn Soils and Lawns.
495. Alfalfa Seed Production.
496. Raising Hares and Rabbits.
498. Texas-fever Tick.
500. Control of the Boll Weevil. 501. Cotton Improvement.
502. Timothy in the Northwest. 503. Comb Honey.
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Poultry Diseases and Enemies (From the Biggle Poultry Book)
Many of the ills that poultry flesh is heir to are directly traceable to bad breeding and treatment. In-and-in- breeding is practiced and the law of the "survival of the fittest is disregarded un- til the stock becomes weak and a prey to disease.
Yards and runs occupied for any con- siderable time become covered with ex- creta and a breeding ground for all man- ner of disease germs.
Dampness from leaky roofs or from wet earth floors, and draughts from side cracks, or from overhead ventilation slay their thousands yearly.
A one-sided diet of grain, especially corn, moldy grain or meal, decayed meat or vegetables, filthy water, or the lack of gritty material are fruitful sources of sickness.
In the treatment of sick birds much depends on the nursing and care. It is useless to give medicine unless some honest attempt be made to remove the causes that produce the disturbance. Un- less removed the cause will continue to operate and the treatment must be repeated.
It is an excellent plan to have a coop in some secluded place to be used ex- clusively as a hospital. If cases cannot be promptly treated it is better to use the hatchet at once and bury deeply, or burn the carcasses. This is the proper plan in every case where birds become very ill before they are discovered.
· Sick birds should in no case be allowed to run with the flock and to eat and drink with them.
In giving the following remedies we make no pretence to a scientific handling of the subject.
. FEVERS, from colds, fighting of cocks, etc. Symptoms : unusual heat of body, red face, watery eyes and watery dis- charge from nostrils.
Give dessertspoonful citrate of mag- nesia and, as a drink, ten drops of nitre in half a pint of water.
APOPLEXY AND VERTIGO, from overfeed- . ing or fright. Symptoms : unsteady mo- tion of the head, running around, loss of control of limbs. Give a purgative and bleed from the large veins under wing.
PARALYSIS, from highly seasoned food and over stimulating diet. Symptoms : inability to use the limbs, birds lie help- less on their side. Treatment-The same as for apoplexy.
18 273
LEG WEAKNESS occurs in fast-growing young birds, mostly among cockerels. A fowl having this weakness will show it by squatting on the ground frequently and by a tottering walk. When not hereditary it usually arises from a diet that contains too much fat and too little flesh and bone-making material, such as bread, rice, corn and potatoes. To this should be added cut green bone, oats, shorts, bran and clover, green or dry. Give a tonic pill three times a day made of sulphate of iron, 1 grain; strychnine, 1 grain; phosphate of lime, 16 grains ; sulphate of quinine, 1/2 grain. Make into thirty pills.
CANKER OF THE MOUTH AND HEAD .- The sores characteristic of this disease are covered with a yellow cheesy matter which, when it is removed, reveals the raw flesh. Canker will rapidly spread through a flock, as the exudation from the sores is a virulent poison, and well birds are contaminated through the soft feed and drinking water. Sick birds should be separated from the flock and all water and feed vessels disinfected by scalding or coating with lime wash. Ap- ply to sores with a small pippet syringe or dropper the peroxide of hydrogen. When the entire surface is more or less affected, use a sprayer. Where there is much of the cheesy matter formed, first remove it with a large quill before using the peroxide. A simple remedy is an application to the raw flesh of powdered alum, scorched until slightly brown.
SCALY LEG, caused by a microscopic in- sect burrowing beneath the natural scales of the shank. At first the shanks appear dry, and a fine scale like dandruff forms. Soon the natural scale disappears and gives place to a hard, white scurf. The disease passes from one fowl to another through the medium of nests and perches, and the mother-hen infecting her brood. To prevent its spread, coat perches with kerosene and burn old nest- ing material and never use sitting hens affected by the disease. To cure, mix 1/2 ounce flowers of sulphur, 1/4 ounce carbolic acid crystals and stir these into 1 pound of melted lard. Apply with an old tooth brush, rubbing in well. Make applications at intervals of a week.
WORMS in the intestines of fowls indi- cate disturbed digestion. Loss of appe- tite and lack of thrift are signs of their presence. Give santonin in 2-grain doses
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DARKE COUNTY
six hours apart. A few hours after the second dose give a dessertspoonful of castor oil. Or, put 15 drops of spirits of turpentine in a pint of water and moisten the feed with it.
BUMBLE-FOOT, caused by a bruise in fly- ing down from perches or in some simi- lar manner. A small corn appears on the bottom of the foot, which swells and ulcerates and fills with hard, cheesy pus. With a sharp knife make a cross cut and carefully remove all the pus. Wash the cavity with warm water, dip the foot in a solution of one-fourth ounce sulphate of copper to a quart of water and bind up with a rag and place the bird on a bed of dry straw. Before putting on the bandage anoint the wound with the oint- ment recommended for scaly leg or coat it with iodine.
GAPES, caused by the gape-worm, a parasite that attaches itself to the wind- pipe, filling it up and causing the bird to gasp for breath. The worm is about three-fourths of an inch long, smooth and red in color. It appears to be forked at one end, but in reality each parasite is two worms, a male and female, firmly joined together. This parasite breeds in the common earth worm. Chicks over three months old are seldom affected. If kept off of the ground for two months after hatching, or on perfectly dry soil, or on land where affected chicks have never run, chicks will seldom suffer from the gapes. Old runs and infested soil should have frequent dressings of lime.
In severe cases the worms should be removed. To do this put a few drops of kerosene in a teaspoonful of sweet oil. Strip a soft wing feather of its web to within an inch of the tip, dip in the oil, insert feather in windpipe, twirl and withdraw. Very likely some of the para- sites and mucus will come with it. The rest will be loosened or killed, and event- ually thrown out. It may be necessary to repeat the operation.
To kill the worm in its lodgment, gum camphor in the drinking water or pellets of it as large as a pea forced down the throat is recommended. Turpentine in the soft feed, as advised in the treatment for worms in the intestines, is said to be ·ffective. Pinching the windpipe with ne thumb and finger will sometimes loosen the parasite.
When broods are quartered on soil known to be infested, air-slacked lime should be dusted on the floor of the coop, and every other night, for two or three weeks, a little of the same should
be dusted in the coop over the hen and her brood. To apply, use a dusting bel- lows and only a little each time.
CHOLERA is due to a specific germ, or virus, and must not be confounded with common diarrhœa. In genuine cholera ligestion is arrested, the crop remains full, there is fever and great thirst. The bird drinks, but refuses food and appears to be in distress. There is a thickening of the blood, which is made evident in the purple color of the comb. The dis- charges from the kidneys, called the urates, which in health are white, become yellowish, deep yellow, or, in the final stages, a greenish-yellow. The diarrhœa grows more severe as the disease pro- gresses. A fowl generally succumbs in two days. The virus of cholera is not diffusible in the air, but remains in the soil, which becomes infected from the discharges, and in the body and blood of the victims. It may be carried from place to place on the feet of other fowls or animals. Soil may be disinfected by saturating it with a weak solution of sul- phuric acid in water. Remove at once all well birds to new and clean quarters and wring the necks of all sick birds and burn their carcasses and disinfect their quarters.
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