The History of Miami County, Ohio, Part 21

Author: W. H. Beers & Co.
Publication date: 1880
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 1051

USA > Ohio > Miami County > The History of Miami County, Ohio > Part 21

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

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35 Henry

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36 Highland

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38 Holmes

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39 Huron

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40 Jackson

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42 Knox

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47 Lorain

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53 Meigs

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54 Mercer

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55 Miami

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73 Scioto

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74 Seneca

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82 Vinton

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83 Warren

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10425

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86 Williams

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87 Wood

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88 Hardin

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44 Lawrence

61 Noble

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23 Fairfield

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6 Auglaize

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21 Delaware

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79 Tuscarawas

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203

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Area in square Miles.

1870.

1875.

Miles R. R. 1872.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Area in square Miles.

1870.

1875.

1872.

States.

Alabama

50,722

996,992

1,671

Pennsylvania.

46,000

3,521,791

5,113

Arkansas.

52,198

484.471

Rhode Island.

1,306

217,353

258,239

136

California ..

188.981

560,247

1,013

South Carolina

29,385

705,606

925,145

1,201

Connecticut ..

4.674

537,454

820

Tennessee.

45,600

1,258,520

'865

Florida

59,268

187.748

466

Vermont

10,212

330,551

675

Illinois

55.410 2,539,891

5,904

West Virginia ..

23,000

442,014

485

Indiana

33,809 1,680,637

Wisconsin

53,924

1,054,670

1,236,729

1,725

Iowa ..

55,045 1,191.792

1,350,544 3.160

Total States.

1,950,171 38,113,253

59,587

Kentucky

37,600 1,321,011

1,123

Louisiana

41,346

726.915

857,039

539

Maine ...

31,776

626,915

871

Arizona.

113,916

9.658

Maryland

11,184

780,894

820

Colorado.

104,500

39.864

392

Massachusetts

7,800 1,457,351 1,651,912

1,606

Dakota

147,490

14,181

Dist. of Columbia.

181,700

Minnesota.

83,531

439,706

598,429 1,612

Idaho.

90,982

14,999

Mississippi

47,156

827,922

990

Montana.

143.776

20,595

New Mexico

121,201

91.874

375

New Hampshire.

9,280

318,300

New Jersey.

8.320

906,096 1.026,502

1.265

Total Territories.

965,082

442,730

1,265

Ohio

39.964 2,665,260

3,740

Oregon

95,244

90,923

159

* Last Census of Michigan taken in 1874.

. Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland.

PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; POPULATION AND AREA.

COUNTRIES.

Population.

Date of Census.

Area in Square Miles.

Inhabitants to Square Mile.

CAPITALS.

Population.

China

446,500,000

1871

3.741.846

119.8

Pekin.

1,648,800

British Empire.

226,817,108

1871

4,677,432

48.6

London ..

8,251,800

Russia ..

-81,925,490

1871

8.003,778

10.2

St. Petersburg.

667,000

United States with Alaska

88,925,600

1870

2,603,884

7.78

Washington

109,199

France.

36,469,800

1866

204,091

178.7

Paris ..

833,900

35,904,400

1869

240.348

149.4

Vienna .

1,554,900

34.785,300

1871

149,399

282.8

Yeddo.

8,251,800

31,817,100

1871

121,315

262.3

London.

825,400

29,906,092

1871

160,207

187.

Berlin

244.484

Spain

27.439,921

1871

118,847

230.9

Rome.

832,000

Brazil

16,642,000

1867

195,775

85.

Madrid

420.000

Turkey

16,463,000

672,621

24.4

Constantinople

210.800

Persia.

5,000,000

1870

635.964

7.8

Teheran ..

314,100

Bavaria.

5,021,300

1869

11,373

441.5

Brussels.

169,500

Portugal.

3,995,200

1868

84,494

115.8

Lisbon.

90,100

8,688,800

1870

12,680

290.9

Hague ..

45,000

Chili

8,000,000

1870

357,157

8.4

Bogota.

115,400

2,000,000

1869

132,616

15.1

Santiago.

86,000

2,669.100

1870

15,992

166.9

Berne.

160,100

Bolivia.

2,500,000

1871

471.838

5.8

Lima.

2,000,000

497.321

Buenos Ayres

91,600

Denmark.

1,818,500 1,784.700

1870

14,753

Caraccas

36,600

1,461,400

'1871

5,912

247.

Athens ..

40,000

Ecuador.

1,300,000

218,928

5.9

Quito

48,000

Hesse

823,138

2,969

277.

8,000

San Salvador,

718,000

1871

9,576

74.9

15,000

Hayti.

600,000

1871

7,335

81.8

Sal Salvador.

20,000

Nicaragua.

850,000

1871

58,171

729

6.5

Monte Video

Honduras

300,000

1871

47.092

7.4

Comayagua .

San Domingo

350,000

1871

17,827

7.6

San Domingo.

2,000

Hawaii

165.000

1870

21,505

7.7

San Jose ..

7.688

62.950

7.633

80.

Honolulu

20,000

Costa Rica.

136,000

1871

40,879

28.9

Guatemala.

70,000

Paraguay.

1,000,000

1871

68,787

15.6

80,000

Liberia

1,500,000

368,238

4.2

Carlsruhe

48.400

Guatemala

1,457,900 1,180,000

1870

19,353

75.3

Chuquisaca ..

177.800

1,812,000

1869 1871

871,848

7,533

241.4

Stuttgart .

162,042

120.9

Copenhagen.

47.000

Baden ..

10,000.000

3,253.029

3.07

Rio Janeiro

1,075,000

Mexico.

9,173.000

1869

761,526

Mexico

136,900

Sweden and Norway

5,921,500

1870

292.871

20.

Stockholm

120,000

Belgium.

4,861,400

1871

29,292

165.9

Munich.

224,063

Holland

42,491

52,540

593

Washington ..

69,944

23.955

790

Wyoming

93,107

9,118

498

New York.

47,000 4,382,759 4,705,208

4,470

North Carolina ..

50,704 1,071,361

1,190

Missouri.

65.350 1,721,295

2.580

Nebraska.

75.995

123,993

246,280

828

Utah ..

80,056

86.786

1.520

Delaware.

2.120

125,015

227

Texas.

237,504

818.579

Georgia ..

58.000 1,184,109

2,108

Virginia.

40,904

1,225,163

1,490

8.529

Kansas.

81,318 364,399

528,349

1,760

Territories.

Michigan"

56,451 1,184,059

1,334,031 2,235

Nevada

112,090

1.825,800

Austria and Hungary

Japan.

Great Britain and Ireland

German Empire

Italy.

Switzerland. Peru.

25,000

Argentine Republic. Wurtemburg

Venezuela.

Greece.

Asuncion.

Darmstadt

Monrovia .

572,000

10,205

56.

Port au Prince. Managua.

10,000

Uruguay.

44,500

12,000

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Aggregate of U. S .. 2,915,208 38,555,983

POPULATION.

Miles R. R.

POPULATION.

New Grenada

2.1

IMPERIUM IMPERIOS

REINS

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HISTORY OF MIAMI COUNTY.

"See dying vegetables, life sustain ; See life dissolving, vegetate again. All forms that perish, other forms supply ; By turns we catch the vital breath and die. Like bubbles on the sea of water borne, They rise, they break, and to that sea return."

Few persons have a proper conception of the labor, research and perplexities attendant upon the resurrection of moldy facts and ethereal traditions which have so long slept in the matrix of obscurity, and writing a history, based upon these facts and traditions, which has its genesis with the aboriginal tribes who roamed unmolested throughout the winding labyrinths of their own primeval forests, beneath whose sylvan shades the timid deer lay down in peace, in whose branches the wild-birds built their nests, and caroled their matin songs, with angelic, soft and trembling voices, gently warbling with the rustling leaves and low murmur of the waters falling beneath ; whose native giants knew not the ravages of the white man's ax. These patriarchs of the forest had not waved their shaggy boughs above the white man's cabin. The wigwam alone of the painted savage was nestled within their somber fastnesses, beneath whose folds the dusky maiden, with nature's modesty, gave ear to the impassioned tones of her savage lover, while he recounted his heroic deeds in war and in the chase, displayed the gory scalps that embellished his girdle-that ever prerequisite and successful avenue to the heart of the forest belle-and pressed his suit with equally as much ardor as he would have evinced in relieving an enemy of his back hair, or roasting a victim at the stake.

OWNERS OF THE SOIL.

While it is not our purpose to trace beyond pre-historic ages the owners of the soil of what is now called Miami County, yet we deem it essential to a proper elucidation of its complete history that we make use of all the facts within our grasp, and trace them until the line fades out in myth. Therefore, so nearly as can be ascertained from the chaotic mass of tradition, we are to infer that the first inhabitants belonged to the great Algonquin family, the most numerous, perhaps, of any other in the United States, and whose language was comparatively uniform throughout the tribes and subdivisions; and it would seem peculiarly adapted to oratorical flights and beautiful figures. Though there appears to be a great amount of conflicting testimony in regard to the tribes comprehended in the Algonquin family, we are inclined to the opinion that the ancient Tewightewees or Twigtwees, more recently called Miamis, belonged to this family. The origin, as well as name and number of this tribe, or confederation seems to be surrounded with as great a degree of mysticism and conjecture as the founding of Rome, or the siege of Troy. Divesting them of their own tradition, the offspring of super- stition, that they were created by Manitou, out of the dust of the Miami Valley,

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HISTORY OF MIAMI COUNTY.

and that they had been there from the beginning of time, we shall enter the dawn of their authentic history.

According to the account of Christopher Grist, the English agent for the Ohio Company, they were a powerful confederacy, superior in numbers and strength to the Iroquois, with whom, it appears from other authority, they were at deadly enmity. In 1750, they were living in amity with the French. Grist places their towns one hundred and fifty miles up the Great Miami, which we presume would locate them near the site of Loramie's store; but since the storehouse, said to be on the same spot, built in 1749, was called Pickawillany, which by some is translated into Piqua, these towns might have been located near the present site fo Piqua, and subsequent pages will confirm this opinion. One author confounds them with the Ottawas, and another "as many different tribes under the same form of government." The French seem to have given them the name of Miamis. By some they are called Piankeshaws, a tribe of the Twigtwees, and again the Miamis, or Twigtwees. In the minutes of the Provincial Council of Penn, they are called Tweechtwese, and described as those Indians called by the French, Miamis ; also by some, Tawixtwi, and classed as one of the Western confederated nations.

From these various data we feel safe in asserting that the tribe or confederation above described, were the owners of the soil embraced within the present limits of Miami County. We find them in possession up to 1763, at which time they had their towns (see supra) here, which were designated on the old French maps, Tewightewee towns, which they fortified, and with their allies, the Wyandots, Ottawas and French, fought a bloody battle with the English, aided by the Cherokees, Catawbas, Munseys, Senecas, Shawanoes, and Delawares, lasting over a week. After this battle, the Miamis or Twightwees, being continually harassed by the English and neighboring tribes, removed to the Maumee, and the country was left to the Shawanoes, who converted the names of the towns into their own language ; and we have authority for saying that the present city of Piqua was by them called Chillicothe in honor of a tribe of that name ; however, our authority traces the et ymology to " chilled coffee." Upper Piqua, was called after the tribe of that name which according to tradition means "a man formed out of the ashes." It appears that during one of their annual feasts, the Shawanoese tribes were seated around the fire, smoking and indulging in all the usual convivialities incident to such occasions, when, to their dismay, a great puffing sound was heard, the dying embers were thrown aside, and lo ! a full-formed man emerged from the ashes. like Milton's lion in Creation, pawing the earth to free his nether parts ; and this, they say, was the first man of the Piqua tribe. Upper and Lower Piqua seem to have possessed peculiar attractions for the Shawanese nation, from the fact that for a long time they made their headquarters here from which to radiate on their continual war excursions. The Shawanoese nation seems to have been very no- madic, evidently having formerly come from the South, as the word implies. They were, it is believed, natives of Florida. Blackhoof, one of their principal chiefs, has stated that his tribe believed, from various traces and signs, washed over by the sands, that Florida had been visited many ages previous to their existence by strangers from other countries ; that he, himself, at the date of the statement one hundred and five years old, remembered bathing in the waters of the ocean on the Florida beach.

EXTINCTION OF THE INDIAN TITLE.

Inasmuch as the ownership and occupancy of the soil resided first in the Miamis, and subsequently in the Shawanoese, it is difficult to ascertain with accuracy the exact date at which the Indian title was extinguished. Through various treaties of Ft. Stanwix, McIntosh, Brown, Logstown and Greenville, rang- ing from 1784 to 1794, the title of the Indians was gradually vested in the United States, and, to some extent, by purchase, in private corporations.

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HISTORY OF MIAMI COUNTY.

It appears that on the 29th of August, John Cleves Symmes petitioned Con- gress for a purchase of one million acres of land to be bounded on the north, east, south and west by the extension of the Ohio Company's line, Little Miami, Ohio and Great Miami, that, failing to comply with the contract, the northern portion, evidently including a part of the present limits of Miami County and adjoining lands probably including the remainder, were ordered surveyed and subject to pre- emption. Thus we have endeavored, in so far as we were able, to extract from the heterogeneous mass of uncertainty, the original owners, the extinction of the aboriginal title, and the final vesting of the same in such a shape as to lay it open for individual purchase and settlement.

The spirit of adventure with which nature has endowed the human species, no- where manifests itself so conspicuously as in those men of iron muscle and resolute will who forever left the abode of peace and plenty and braved the dangers and endured the privations incident to the opening of new homes in the solitudes of the untrodden wilderness.

A strange infatuation seems to urge on mankind to seek out new fields of adventure, and the greater the danger the stronger the impulse to meet and conquer it. .

This, in conjunction with seductive hope, though so often realizing the words of Pope, " that man never is, but always to be blest," conduces very materially to the advancement of civilization ; and, when we take into consideration the cosmo- politan nature of man, we need not wonder that no part of the world, how wild and uninviting soever, remains inviolate.

It was this, coupled with cupidity, that led the cruel Pizarro to the subjuga- tion of the Incas of Peru, Cortez to the bloody struggles with the Aztecs, the con- quest of Mexico and the extinction of the Montezumas.

SETTLEMENT OF THE OHIO VALLEY.

The evidences of the marks of edged tools on trees in the Ohio Valley, calcu- lating from the subsequent growth of rings, extends as far back as 1660. Tradition is also handed down, leading to show that in 1742, one John Howard sailed down the Ohio in a canoe made of a buffalo skin. It appears however, that the French, as far back as 1749, controlled the trade of this country, and we are informed that Grallisonier, Governor of Canada, in the summer of 1849, caused plates of lead, on which were engraved the claims of the French Government, to be placed in the mounds, and at the mouths of the rivers running into the Ohio, as evidences of their ownership of the lands on both sides of that river. One of these plates was found near the mouth of the Muskingum, bearing date August 16, 1749, a partic- ular account of which, by De Witt Clinton, may be seen in American Autobiogra- phical Society, 535. But this puerile attempt utterly failed of its object. During the same year, the English built a trading-house on the Great Miami, on a spot since called Loramie's store. The French, jealous of the intrusions of the English upon what they considered their lands, and apprehensive of danger, began the erection of a line of fortifications along the Ohio, and toward the lakes ; and early in 1752, demanded of the Tewightewees the surrender of the trading-house above mentioned; which being refused, they, in conjunction with the Ottawas and Chip- pewas, attacked, captured, and destroyed it, killed fourteen Indians, and carried the English to Canada ; and it is even stated by historians, that some were burned at the stake. These traders were supposed to have been from Pennsylvania, from the fact that in Franklin's history of the same, he mentioned that the above State sent the Twigtwees a gift of condolence for those slain in the defense of Picka- willany, the English name of the trading-house. Although this battle was partici- pated in by two nationalities, no more serious results flowed from it than a series of diplomatic maneuverings, with a view to securing the permanent possession of the debatable lands.

In October, 1753, a meeting was held at Carlisle, between the Twigtwees, Shawanoes and other tribes, to which commissions from Pennsylvania, among whom

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HISTORY OF MIAMI COUNTY.

was Benjamin Franklin, were sent, at which the attack on the trading-houses at the mouth of Loramie's Creek, was discussed and a treaty was concluded, which evidently included our present county. As the population increased, the feeling intensified, until the French and Indian wars, when open hostilities began, which only ended with the fall of Quebec in 1763. With a fear of repetition, which is almost wholly unavoidable, we have endeavored to place before our readers a con- cise statement of the condition of the country, from its earliest known history, until it approaches the dawn of civilization. To do this we have been compelled to begin with a very wide scope of country, and, as the antiquity of its history wore away, and thereby assumed a greater degree of certainty, the horizon of its territory also would grow less, until now we shall begin with history and landmarks within the memory of many now living.

INSTITUTION AND BOUNDARY OF MIAMI COUNTY.

In January, 1790, Hamilton County was organized, beginning on the banks of the Ohio River, at the confluence of the Little Miami, and down the Ohio to the mouth of the Big Miami ; and up the same to the Standing Stone Fork, or branch of the Big Miami ; and thence, with a line to be drawn due east to the Little Miami, and down the same to the place of beginning. June 22, 1793, the western bound- ary line of Hamilton was so altered as to begin at the spot on the Ohio where the Greenville treaty line intersects the bank of that river, and run with the line to Fort Recovery ; thence due north to the south line of Wayne County.

In March, 1803, Montgomery County was laid off, composed of a part of Hamilton ; beginning at the State line, at the northwest corner of Butler ; thence east with the lines of Butler and Warren, to the east line of Section 16, Township 3, Range 5; thence north eighteen miles ; thence east two miles; thence north to the State line ; thence with the same, to the west line of the State ; thence with the said line to the beginning.

January 16, " 1807, took effect March 1."

" All that part of Montgomery County be, and the same is hereby laid off and erected, into a separate and distinct county, which shall be called and known by the name of Miami, to wit: Beginning at the southwest corner of Champaign County and southeast corner of Section 1, Township 2, and Range 9; thence west with the line between Ranges 9 and 10 to the Great Miami River, crossing the same in such direction as to take the line on the bank of the said river, between Townships 3 and 4, in Range 6, west of the said river; thence west with the said line to the State line ; thence north with the same to the Indian boundary line ; thence east with the same to the Champaign County line, thence south with the said county line to the place of beginning.

"From and after the 1st day of April, 1807, said county of Miami shall be vested with all the powers, privileges and immunities of a separate and distinct county. January 7, 1812, all that part of the county of Montgomery lying north of the county of Miami shall be, and the same is hereby, attached to the said county of Miami ; and all that part lying north of the county of Darke shall be, and the same is hereby, attached to the said county of Darke."

January 3, 1809. So much of the county of Miami as lies west of the middle of the fourth range of townships, east of the meridian drawn from the mouth of the Great Miami, be and the same is hereby erected into the county of Darke. January 7, 1819, a part of Miami was taken in the formation of Shelby, which left it as it now is.

EXPEDITION OF GEN. G. R. CLARKE.

Inasmuch as there were Piqua or Pickawa villages situated on Mad River, about five miles west of Springfield, near the present site of West Boston, noted as the birthplace of the celebrated Shawanoe chieftain Tecumseh, or, perhaps more properly, Tecumthe, which may possibly be confounded with the city of

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211

HISTORY OF MIAMI COUNTY.

Piqua, in this county, it may be well to state, for the purpose of a more lucid dis- crimination, that, in the summer of 1780, Gen. G. R. Clarke, after a long and severe contest with the savages, utterly destroyed all the Piqua towns on Mad River, and laid waste about five-hundred acres of growing corn, together with every vegetable production convertible into food. The Shawanoes were so discouraged, with their ignominious defeat, and the total destruction of all means of subsistence, that they abandoned the blackened ruins of their once beautiful and flourishing villages, and removed to the Great Miami, on whose banks they built another town and named it Piqua, perhaps in commemoration of the ashes of the old. Two years after their removal, having recovered from the terrible chastisement in- flicted upon them by Gen. Clarke, their fiendish propensity again evinced itself in many depredations in Kentucky andOhio. Especially at the battle of Blue Licks, in Kentucky, were they successful; and, maddened by brooding over their wrongs, and the taste of blood, the destruction of the infant colonies seemed inevitable. At this critical juncture, that second Wayne, Gen. G. R. Clarke, foreseeing the ultimate annihilation of all the settlements along the Ohio, determined to lead another expedition against the sanguinary Shawanoes, and wreak destruction upon them and their corn-fields. To this end, therefore, in 1782, two years after his first expedition to their towns on Mad River, and about eighteen years prior to the first permanent settlement in this county, he raised an army of about one thousand men in Kentucky, and, after organizing his little army at the mouth of the Lick- ing, crossed the Ohio at a little village, since called Cincinnati, then consisting of a few miserable log huts, surrounded by posts and logs driven into the ground, called & stockade. Throwing out scouts in advance, to guard against surprises from his wily and treacherous foes, and directed by guides, he began his march through the dreary wilderness. Fording Mad River, near Dayton, he marched to the Great Miami, crossing about four miles below the Piqua towns. Flushed with recent victories, the Indians were ravaging the country. The unprotected settlers retired at night, expecting every moment to hear the blood-curdling whoop of the savage, or awake to see their humble homes in flames ; in whose lurid blaze the blood-thirsty demons of the woods stood ready to revel in scenes of butchery, carnage and torture.

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The History of Miami County, Ohio, Part 21

Author: W. H. Beers & Co. Publication date: 1880 Publisher: Number of Pages: 1051

Author: W. H. Beers & Co.
Publication date: 1880
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 1051