USA > Ohio > Clinton County > The history of Clinton County, Ohio, containing a history of the county; its townships, cities, towns, etc.; general and local statistics; portraits of early settlers and prominent men; history of the Northwest territory, Volume 1 > Part 20
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49
Col. Joseph L. Kirby Smith took command of the Forty-third Ohio Regi- ment. He fell at the battle of Corinth, under Rosecrans.
Lieut. Col. James W. Shane fell, June 27, 1864, in an assault upon the enemy's works at Kenesaw. He survived but forty minutes.
Col. Augustus H. Coleman displayed the abilities of a successful commander. He was in the first charge on the bridge across Antietam Creek. He was fatally wounded. His last words were inquiries regarding his men.
Col. J. W. Lowe commanded the Twelfth Ohio, and was ordered to assist the Tenth in the battle of Carnifex Ferry. Checring his men, in the thickest of the fight, a rifle ball pierced his forehead, and he fell dead-the first field officer from Ohio killed in battle in the war for the Union.
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196
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
Lieut. Col. Moses F. Wooster was engaged with his regiment, the One Hun- dred and First Ohio, at Perryville. He was mortally wounded on the 31st of December, 1862, in the grand effort to stem the tide of defeat at Stone River.
The list of staff officers we refrain from giving, through lack of space.
At the opening of the war, William Dennison was Governor of Ohio. David Tod succeeded him. John Brough was the third War Governor.
Secretary Edwin M. Stanton was one of the most popular war Ministers. He was born in Steubenville, Ohio, in 1815; he was engaged in the United States Circuit Court, in 1860, in a leading law suit, at Cincinnati, known as the Manny and McCormick reaper trial; on the 20th of January, 1862, he was appointed Secretary of War by Mr. Lincoln.
Ex-Secretary Salmon P. Chase's public services in Ohio have already been mentioned in these pages. In 1861, he was appointed Secretary of the Treas- ury, in Mr. Lincoln's cabinet.
United States Senator B. F. Wade made his reputation in Ohio. This Senator of the State stood at the head of the Committee on the Conduct of the War throughout its duration.
United States Senator John Sherman was a leading member of the Finance Committee, during the war. For some time he was its Chairman.
Jay Cooke was the financial agent of the Government, furnishing money for . the payment of the troops. He was born in Portland, Huron Co., Ohio.
In our brief review of the war record of Ohio, we have omitted a vast amount of detail information that would prove interesting to our readers. We believe we have been accurate in whatever we have given, taking as our authority, that accepted "encyclopedia " of Ohio war facts-Whitelaw Reid, who has pub- lished a valuable volume on the subject.
SOME DISCUSSED SUBJECTS.
It may be well in glancing over the achievements of Ohio, her momentous labors and grand successes, to refer to the Ordinance of 1787, more minutely than we have done, in relation to many events, since its inherent principles are not only perpetuated in the laws of the entire Northwest, but have since been woven into the general Constitution of the United States. It made permanent the standard and character of immigration, social culture and political and edu- cational institutions. It was thoroughly antislavery and denounced involuntary servitude, which was sanctioned in every other State at that time, with the exception of Massachusetts. It protected religion and property. As late as 1862, Gen. William Henry Harrison, Governor of Indiana, called a convention for the purpose of considering the slavery question, and the feasibility of intro- ducing the system in the new States and Territories being formed. There was at this time a spirited contest, and Illinois, Indiana and possibly Ohio, barely escaped a decision that a full support should be given its introduction
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197
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
into these States. Its adoption was based upon certain specifications and limits of time, which upon a deeper consideration was deemed perplexing and impractical.
An animated discussion arose not long since, regarding the correct author_ ship of this important ordinance, and its chief worker in gaining its sanction by Congress.
Mr. Webster ascribed its authorship to Mathew Dane, of Massachusetts, which statement was immediately refuted by Mr. Benton, of Mississippi, who laid claim to it as the birthright of Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia.
It has been almost impossible to obtain accurate reports of the actions of the old Continental Congress, from the fact that its meetings were held in secret, and any reports either narrated or shown in schedules or lists, were deemed a striking lack of trust on the part of the person who furnished the information. It was sufficient that its acts and conclusions be proclaimed without any prelude or reasoning process. Hence it has been difficult to obtain early Congressional documents. But it has been conclusively proven that the great motive power in gaining the approbation of the Ordinance of 1787, was neither Dane nor Jefferson, but Dr. Cutler.
He arrived at New York, July 5 of that year, after a journey from Ipswich, Mass., in his sulky. He obtained lodgings at the "Plow and Harrow," and saw that his good horse was properly cared for and fed at the same place. Congress was then in session, and he had come on a mission for the Ohio Com- pany, to negotiate their grant and its privileges in the new Territory of Ohio. He remained in New York three weeks, constantly engaged in the work vital to the interests of the future great State. But he secured the installment of the principles deemed the corner-stone of a future powerful State constitution. Mr. Poole, Librarian of the Chicago Public Library, searched assiduously for con- clusive proof of Dr. Cutler's right to this honor, and in the North American Review, Vol. 122, this is emphatically set forth with substantiating proof under his signature.
Other facts have been discussed and proven at a very recent date, relative to the State of Ohio, which heretofore have been omitted, and nearly lost from the historic thread which unites the present with the past.
The first settlement of the lands of the Northwest is necessarily surrounded with interest. But those were exciting, troublesome times, and a few links were passed over lightly. However, the years are not so far removed in the past but the line may be traced.
Mr. Francis W. Miller, of Cincinnati, has supplied some missing chapters. The earliest documentary trace extant, regarding the southern settlement at Cincinnati, is an agreement of partnership between Denman, Filson and Pat- terson, in the fractional section of land to which the city of Cincinnati was originally limited. It bears the date August 25, 1788. This was entered on the records of Hamilton County, Ohio, October 6, 1803.
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
A letter from Jonathan Dayton to the Hon. Judge Symmes, dated Septem- ber 26, 1789, says: "You have been selling your lands, I am told, for two shillings specie, the acre. The price at this moment is, and seems to be, and undoubtedly is, a good one; but as much cannot be said of it when you find hereafter that in consequence of the rise of certificates, another acre, in another payment, may cost you in specie two shillings and sixpence."
A letter from John C. Symmes to Capt. Dayton, dated April 30, 1790, says: "The land in the reserved township is held at much too high a price. Not a foot of land beyond the five-acre lots will sell. Five shillings, specie, or two dollars in certificates, is the utmost they will bring, and they will rarely sell at that."
This state of affairs was in a large degree brought about by the breaking-up of North Bend and a removal of the town to Fort Washington, or Cincinnati, later. A search through the old letters and other preserved documents prove that North Bend was at one time the beginning of the great city on the Ohio, rather than Cincinnati. Judge Symmes wrote, May 18, 1789: "I have not as yet been able to make a decisive choice of a plat for the city, though I have found two pieces of ground, both eligible, but not upon the present plan of a regular square. It is a question of no little moment and difficulty to deter- mine which of these spots is preferable, in point of local situation. I know that at first thought men will decide in favor of that on the Ohio, from the supposition that the Ohio will command more trade and business than the Miami. * But if it were built on the Miami, the settlers throughout the purchase would find it very convenient."
Another of the earliest selections of town sites was adjacent to the most southerly point of what is now Delhi Township. To this the name of South Bend was given. Judge Symmes reports November 4, 1790, of this place, over forty framed and hewed-log two-story houses, since the preceding spring. Ensign Luce is said to have taken his troops to North Bend, but decided to remove to Cincinnati, on account of the object of his affections having settled there-the wife of a settler. But this story is refuted by contradictory cvi- dence from Judge Symmes' letters, which illustrate the fact that the post of North Bend was abandoned by Ensign Luce and his men in consequence of a panic, caused by Indian attacks. The removal of the troops caused a general decline of the town. Again, history and letters from the same eminent Judge, assert that Fort Washington was completed and garrisoned by Maj. Doughty before the close of that same year, and was begun by him during the summer, that Ensign Luce must have still been at his post at the bend at that time. It has been, therefore, recently accepted that the traditional "black eyes" and- the "Indian panic," had nothing to do with the founding of Cincinnati, and that the advantages of the position gained the victory.
Cincinnati has advanced, not only in prosperity and culture, but in national significance. Our readers must have observed, in perusing these pages, that
199
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
from this city and the State which it represents, have emanated some of the superior intellects which have used their wise faculties and talents, tempered by a wise judgment, in behalf of the American Union.
The originality of the Senecas and Wyandots have been debated at some length, while others have called the tribes the same, having two branches. Wc. have searched the earlier records and have found an authenticated account of these two tribes.
The Indian tribes of Ohio were originally bold, fierce and stalwart. The country watered by the Sandusky and its tributaries was frequented by the Wyandot tribe, who came from the north side of the St. Lawrence River. The Senecas were blood relatives of this tribe. Both tribes were numbered by the thousands. A war originated between them, in this manner: A Wyandot chief desired to wed the object of his affections, who laughed him to scorn, because he had taken no scalps, and was no warrior " to speak of." To change , her opinion, he led out a party, and falling upon a number of Senecas, slaugh- tered them mercilessly, that he might hasten to the side of his dusky belle, with his trophies. This act inaugurated hostilities, which extended through a century. The Wyandots began to fear extermination, and, gathering their entire effects, the natives escaped to Green Bay, and settled in several villages. But the Sen- ecas made up a war party and followed them, killing many Wyandots and burn- ing some of their villages. They then returned to Canada. Soon thereafter, they secured fire-arms from the French. Again they followed the Wyandots, firing their guns into their huts, and frightening them severely. They did not succeed as well as they expected. But the third party nearly exterminated the villages, because the young warriors were nearly all gone to war with the Foxes. The few at home escaping, promised to return with the Senecas, but desired two days for preparation. The Wyandots sent word to the two villages left undisturbed, and held a consultation. They decided to go as near the Senecas as possible, unobserved, and discover their real motive. They found them feast- ing on two roasted Wyandots, shouting over their victory. They danced nearly all night, and then fell asleep. A little before daylight, the Wyandots fell on them, leaving not one to carry back the news.
The Wyandots then procured guns, and began to grow formidable. They set out to return to their own country, and proceeded on their way as far as Detroit, where they met a party of Senecas, on the lake. A fierce conflict ensued, and the Wyandots beheld the Senecas fall, to the last man, suffering fearful carnage themselves. They soon settled in this part of the world, their principal village being on the Sandusky. Northwestern Ohio was particularly dangerous with new Indian tribes, and the Wyandots were cruelly aggressive. The death of their chief, and their total defcat by Harrison, destroyed their power forever.
On the 29th of September, 1817, a treaty was held, at the foot of the rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur,
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200
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
Commissioners of the United States, and the sachems, chiefs and warriors of the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawnee, Potawattomie, Ottawa and Chippewa nations. All their lands in Ohio were ceded to the United States forever.
There was really not a Seneca in the Seneca nation. They were chiefly Cayugas, Mohawks, Onondagas, Tuscarawas, Wyandots and Oneidas. But the Mingoes were originally Cayugas, and their chief was the celebrated Logan. After the murder of his family by the whites, the Mingoes were scattered over the territory northwest of the Ohio.
The notorious Simon Girty was adopted by the Senecas. Girty's name was a terror and fiendish horror for many years. He not only led the Indians in their atrocities, but he added barbarism to their native wickedness.
CONCLUSION.
When peace was proclaimed, after the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee to Gen. U. S. Grant, the volunteer troops disbanded, and a return to home indus- tries instituted, Ohio, like many other States, gave direct attention to the inter- ests of returned soldiers. The thrift of the State was augmented by a spasmodic, and thereafter recognized as a fictitious, demand for products, commercial and industrial pursuits redoubled their forces. But the great wave of stagnation swept over this fair land-the re-action of a war excitement. Laborers were many, but wages were inadequate. Deeper and deeper settled this lethargy- called by many " hard times"-until the wheels of commercial life revolved slowly, and from the workshops and the factories went up the echoes of priva- tion and distress. There was no famine, no fever, no epidemic, it was simply exhaustion. In the larger cities there was much suffering. Idle people loitered about, barely seeking employment, the task seeming worse than hopeless.
During the years 1870, 1871 and 1872, the stringent measures brought about by the depressed state of business retarded any material advancement in general matters. The years 1873-74 were marked by a preceptible improve- ment, and a few factories were established, while larger numbers were employed in those already founded. The year 1875 was under the direction of a Demo- cratic Legislature. It was marked in many respects by a "reverse motion " in many laws and regulations.
The Legislature which convened in 1876, January 3, was Republican in the main. It repealed the "Geghan Law " passed by the preceding body. At the time of its adoption, there was the most intense feeling throughout the State, the charge being made that it was in the interests of the Catholics. Among the general enactments were laws re-organizing the government of the State insti- tutions, which the previous Legislature had ordered according to their own belief to follow new doctrines. The office of Comptroller of the Treasury was abolished. The powers of municipal corporations to levy taxes was limited, and their authority to incur debts was limited. Furthermore, this body prohibited any municipal appropriations, unless the actual money was in the Treasury to meet
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201
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
the same in full. A law was passed for the protection of children under fourteen years of age, exhibited in public shows.
The temperance cause received more vigorous and solid support than was ever rendered by the State previously. A common-sense, highly moral and exalted platform was formed and supported by many leading men.
This year witnessed the serious "strikes" among the miners in Stark and Wayne Counties. The consequences were painful-distress, riots and distruc- tion of property.
The State Mine Inspector reported 300 coal mines in the State, with only twenty-five in operation. Not over 3,000,000 tons of coal were raised during the year, owing to the dullness of the times.
The State charities reported the aggregate number under public care to be 29,508. The taxation for the maintenance of these classes was one and one six-hundredth of a mill on each dollar of taxable property.
The reports given of the year 1877 indicated a revival of business interests and prosperity. The State produced of wheat, 27,306,566 bushels; rye, 914,106 bushels; buckwheat, 225,822 bushels; oats, 29,325,611; barley, 1,629,817 bushels ; corn, 101,884,305 bushels ; timothy, tons of hay, 2,160,334 ; clover, tons of hay, 286,265; flax, pounds of fiber, 7,343,294; potatoes, ,10,504,278 bushels; sweet potatoes, 126,354} bushels; tobacco, 24,214,950 pounds ; sorghum, sugar, 7,5074 pounds; syrup, 1,180,255 gallons ; maple sugar, 1,625,215 pounds; maple syrup, 324,036 gallons; honey, 1,534,902 pounds.
The year 1878 was marked by a more vigorous and combined effort of the people to entirely overcome the stagnation of business, the influence of the ~ lethargy yet combating the awakened interest. This energy was amply rewarded in 1879, by a general dawning of the "good times " so ardently desired. New enterprises were instituted, manufactories erected, improvements carried on, and agriculture was successful. Before the year closed, the State was basking in the light of prosperity, and the year 1880 was ushered in when the confidence of the people was again a permanent incentive-confidence in the nation, their State, each in the other and themselves. The old-time crown of power, influence and integrity, which Ohio has earned, is conspicuous in this year of 1881. The jewels have been reset, and we confidently doubt not that their luster will remain undimmed intrusted to so faithful and so earnest a people.
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202
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
POPULATION OF OHIO BY COUNTIES.
COUNTIES.
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1890
The State
581431
937903
1519467
1980329
2335511
2665260
1 Adams
10106
12281
13183
18853
20309
20760
21004
2 Allen. .
518
9079
12109
19185
23623
31323
3 Ashland.
22951
21933
23323
4 Ashtabula.
7382
14581
23724
28767
31814
32517
37139
5 Athens
6338
9787
19109
18215
21361
23168
28413
6 Auglaize
20329
28827
30901
31600
36399
39714
40F32
8 Brown
13356
17867
22715
27332
29958
30802
92726
9|Butler.
21746
27142
28173
30789
35840
39912
425,80
10 Carroll
8479
12131
16721
19782
22693
24189
. 27-17
12 Clark.
9533
13114
16892
22178
25300
32070
41947
13 Clermont
15820
20466
23106
30155
33031
31263
36713
14 Clinton.
8085
11436
15719
18828
21461
21914
27529
15 Columbiana
22033
35 :. 92
40378
33621
32436
38299
39299
16 Coshocton
7086
11161
21590
25674
23032
23600
20641
17 Crawford
6328
10373
26506
48003
7-033
132010
136942
19, Darke ..
3717
6201
13282
20276
26009
32279
40199
20 Defiance
7639
11504
22060
21817
2390%
25175
2.350
12599
1-548
211 .:
28143
23640
23 Fairfield
16633
21786
31924
30361
30533
31138
31293
21 Fayette
6316
8182
10981
12726
15935
17170
86816
7781
14043
17759
21062
7098
9733
13111
17063
22013
25515
28124
10529
14801
17528
21946
26197
25039
31313
9292
18036
2.748
30138
21174
23:33
27197
31764
52317
80145
150844
216-110
200370
313369
813
9986
16751
22396
23847
27758
14345
20916
20099
20157
19110
18682
20455
35 Henry
12308
16345
22269
25781
27773
23133
30280
37 Hocking
2130
4008
9.41
14119
17057
17925
21126
38 Holines
9135
180SS
20152
20589
18177
20775
39 Huron
6675
13341
23933
26203
26616
25532
31600
40 Jackson
3746
5941
9744
12719
17941
21759
28679
41 Jefferson.
18531
22.189
25030
29133
26115
29188
32018
42 Knox
8326
17085
29579
25872
27735
26333
27450
43 Lake.
3199
5367
9738
15016
23249
31350
39063
45 Licking
11861
20369
35096
88816
37011
35756
40451
46 Logan .
3181
6140
14015
19162
20336
23023
26268
47, Lorain
5696
18467
26036
29741
3030S
$5525
49 Madison
4799
6190
9025
10015
13015
15633
20: 23
50 Mahoning
23735
2559-4
31001
42667
51 Marion
6551
14765
12618
15490
16194
20564
52 Medina.
3082
7560
18352
21441
22517
20002
21154
53 Mcigs
4480
6158
11452
17971
26531
31.165
32325
54 Mercer
1110
8277
7712
14101
17251
21808
55 Miami
8851
12807
19683
21909
29959
32740
36178
56 Monroe
4615
8768
18521
28351
25741
25779
26197
57 Montgomery.
15999
24362
31938
35218
52230
64006
78545
58 Morgan
5297
11800
20S52
28585
22119
20363
20074
59 Morrow ...
17821
29334
387.19
45019
41116
44886
49790
61 Noble
20751
19949
21137
62 Ottawa .
13361
19763
63 Paulding
161
1034
1766
4915
8514
13190
61 Perry
8429
13970
19314
20175
19678
18153
2-218
65 Pickaway
131-49
16001
19725
21006
23169
21875
27353
66 Pike ..
4253
6024
7626
10953
13643
15117
25.500
68 Preble
10237
16291
19182
21520
21809
21531
69 Putnam
230
5189
7221
12:08
17051
23.18
70 Richland
9169
21006
44532
30879
31158
32516
30S06
71 ROAS.
20619
24068
27460
32074
35071
37097
40207
72/Sandusky
852
22551
10182
14305
21429
25503
8363
73 Scioto
5750
8740
11192
18128
21237
29202
33511
74|Seneca
2106
3671
12154
13958
1:493
76 Stark.
12106
265SS
31603
S9818
12978
5250S
4375S
78 Trumbull
15546
26153
35107
30190
30656
38639
79|Tuscarawas
8328
14298
25631
31761
32:63
33840
80 Union
1996
3192
8-122
12201
10517
18730
00371
81 Van Wert
49
1577
4793
13631
15027
1.22
83 Warren
17837
2146S
23141
25560
26902
26689
2-392
84 Washington
10:25
11731
20523
29540
36269
40009
43244
85 Wayne
11933
23333
35808
329$1
32483
35116
37452
86 Williams
397
4465
8018
16633
20991
23521
87 Wood
733
1102
5357
9157
17556
2:506
34026
88| Wyandot
11194
15596
1×553
22401
6966
118-6
15719
2519
22 Erie ..
10292
14741
25019
42909
50301
63019
27 Gallia
7791
15513
16207
17527
15917
14190
14255
32 Hancock
210
4598
8251
13570
18714
27028
34 Harrison
262
2503
543-1
8901
14028
20537
36 Highland
4791
13152
18177
23981
25556
30593
18. Cuyahoga
21 Delaware
25 Franklin
26|Fulton
28 Geauga
29.Greene.
30 Guernsey
31 Hamilton
13719
14654
15576
15935
16326
48 Lucas. .
9352
12363
25831
46722
673-8
20280
20415
18583
1903
60 Muskingum
10095
18826
22965
24119
@1208
21584
36955
75 Shelby
24:36
ma Summit
22560
27155
2.344
34674
15823
20030
82 Vinton
2248
3308
7016
27104
30565
5159
18108
17685
15:38
14191
16416
11338
17187
20011
23:13
7 Belmont
11 Champaign
23813
9353
67 Portage
33 Hardin
44 Lawrence
203
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATES AND TERRITORIKS.
Area in square Miles.
1870
1880
Miles R.I. 1872
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Arca 'n square Miles.
1870
16-0
1912
States,
States.
Albania ...
50,722
996,992
1,262,791
1,671
Pennsylvania.
46,000
3,521,791|
4,2-2,786
5,113
Arkansas
52,195|
431,471
802,561
Rhode Island ..
1,306
217,353
27,523
California.
168,951
560,217
864,686|
1,013;
South Carolina ...
29,385
705.600
995,622
1,201
Colorado.
101,500
39,864
194,619
Tennessee ..
45,600
1,258,520
1,512,463
1,520
Connecticut.
4,671
537,451
622.683
8:30
Texas
237,501
818,579
1,592,571
855
Delaware ..
2.120
125,015
116,651
227
Vermont ..
Florida ...
59.268
187,748
267,251
460
Virginia ..
40,901
1,225,163
1,512,8061
1,490
Georgia ..
58,000
1,184,103
1,559,019
2,10%
West Virginia
23,000
412,014
618,443
485
Illinois.
55,110
2,539,691
3,075,769
5,901
Wisconsin.
53,521
1,051,670
1,315.150
1,725
Indiana.
33,809
1.680,637
1,978,362
3,529
Iowa.
55.045
1,191,792
1,624,620
3,160
Totul States.
2,051,671
38,154,127
49,300,595
59,716
Kansas.
81,318
361,399
935,966
1,760
Kentucky.
37,000
1,321,011
1,618,708
1,123
Territories.
113,916
9,658
40,111
Maino.
31,776
626,915
6-18,915
811
Dakota.
147,400
14,181
135,180
177,638
Michigan.
56,451
1,181,059
1,636,331
2.235
Montana
143,776
20,595
33,157
Minnesota
83,531
439,706
780,906
1,612
New Mexico.
121,201
91,871
118, 130
375
Missouri.
65,250
1,721,295
2,168,801
2,580
Washington
69,914
23,955
75,120;
Nebraska.
75,995|
123,903
828
Wyoming
93,107
9,118
20,783
498
New Hampshire ..
9,280
314.200
346 981
790
Total Territories
860,482
402,866
783,271
873
New Jersey
8,320
906,096
1,130.983
1,265
New York.
47.000;
4,382,759
5,053,810
4,470
Aggregate of U.S ..
2,915,203
38,555,983
60,852
North Carolina.
50,701
1,071,361
1,400,017
1,190|
Ohio ...
39,964
2,665,260
3,198,239
3,740
Oregon.
95,244|
90,923
174,767
179
PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; POPULATION AND AREA.
COUNTRIES.
Population.
Date of Census.
Area in Square Miles.
Inhabitants to Square Mite.
CAPITALS.
Population.
China ..
446,500.000
1871
3.741,846
119.3
Pekin.
1,648,800
British Empire ..
226.817.108
1871
4,677,432
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