USA > Ohio > Darke County > The history of Darke County, Ohio, containing a history of the county; its cities, towns, etc.; general and local statistics; portraits of early settlers and prominent men; > Part 45
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At 5 o'clock, the regiment was relieved, with permission to bury their dead- twenty-nine killed ; none captured and none wounded. On their way back to the spot where the charge began, they met Gen. Stanley and staff, and Capt. Match- ett, pointing to the alders on the swale, which were completely mown down by the enemy's fire, said : "General, is not that a beautiful stubble-field ?" The Gen- eral, after viewing the field with wonder, said : "The Fortieth has distinguished itself to-day. No men could have done better, and I very much doubt whether any other regiment could have done so well. I wonder that so many of you are left alive. Capt. Matchett, Gen. Howard direets me to say to you that he is pleased with your action and judgment, and he is now satisfied that, had you not taken the responsibility and acted as you did, his best regiment would have been destroyed. The General witnessed your charge with interest, and applauded your success. For my part, I am proud of you and the Fortieth."
The regiment then buried their dead-their noble dead ; comrades who had stood with us on many a hard-contested field, and here nobly fell, fighting in response to the command, " Men. we must hold this position or die right here." When we have said of our comrades, "They died whilst charging with their regi- ment." we cannot add to their praise ; and the writer has not language to describe the sorrow we all felt in parting with these brave men. Thank God, their death was not in vain.
The next morning at 5 o'clock. the regiment was again ordered to relieve the regiment that had relieved us the evening before, and we were instructed to keep up a constant firing and a sharp lookout for the enemy. That morning, Capt. C. F. Snodgrass was mortally wounded while observing the movements of the enemy. His last words were, " The rebels are preparing to charge ; don't carry me back, boys, until you have repulsed them." Capt. Snodgrass was shot in the thigh, the ball severing the right femoral artery ; he died within five minutes after he was struck. He enlisted in 1861. as private. On the organization of the
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regiment, he was appointed Sergeant of Company I, and from that position was promoted to Lieutenant and then to Captain, after which he was assigned to Company A.
When the charge of the enemy was repulsed. he was carried back and buried with military honors, on the same mound where his comrades were buried who had fallen in battle the day before.
That day. after 10 o'clock, A. M., the Fortieth Regiment fired 28,000 rounds of cartridge at the enemy ; the fire was kept up constantly in order to prevent the enemy if possible, from charging. Every tree for sixty yards in front of the Fortieth was cut down by bullets. At night the position was so exposed that they could not be relieved, and they continued to defend their position during the night, keeping up a constant fire. At 2 o'clock the next morning. Capt. Matchett directed Company E to cease firing, and, with two volunteers, passed out in front of that company to within thirty steps of the enemy's line of works and over- heard the enemy say that they were falling back. At 4 o'clock A. M., the firing having gradually ceased, the Fortieth advanced without serious opposition to the enemy's works and found them vacated.
That day, in order that the Fortieth might have a day of rest, it was placed on the extreme left of the Army of the Cumberland, and we advanced to the outer works which the rebels had built around Atlanta. Our position being on an eleva- tion, with a low prairie of half a mile wide between us and the right of the Army of the Tennessee, from which position, with comparative safety, we anxiously looked down on the fight between Gens. Hood and McPherson, which resulted in the defeat of the former and the death of the latter.
The Fortieth lay at Atlanta during the siege, doing duty as any other regi- ment ; swung around with Sherman, and fought at Jonesboro and Lovejoy. suffer- ing a loss of three killed, seven wounded and two captured at the two places. Among the wounded was Capt. Matchett, at Levejoy. He did not leave the regiment, however, although being unable to walk for several days thereafter.
On the evening of the 5th of September, 1864, the army was ordered back to Atlanta, the objective point of the campaign being won. For a few weeks they enjoyed quiet and comfort.
When October came with her balmy days, the rebel General, Hood, tried the experiment of his wonderful flank movement toward the North, and Sherman fol- lowed as far as Gaylesville. Ala .. when he determined on his " march to the sea," leaving Gen. Thomas with the Fourth Corps and the Army of Ohio to look after Hood. Considerable maneuvering was had and much marching done, when the Fourth Corps, about the 1st of November, halted at Pulaski, Tenn.
In the mean time. Lient. Col. Watson had returned from captivity, and Maj. J. L. Reeves had gained strength sufficient to leave the field hospital, where he had tarried since June 22. and rejoined the regiment.
The three years for which the regiment was enlisted having expired, all the companies which had not re-enlisted as veterans, were mustered out, except such recruits as had from time to time been added to them. Col. Taylor. Surgeon J. N. Beech and Assistant Surgeon W. H. Matchett were mustered out about the 20th of October, and the Lieutenant Colonel and Major both declared their inten- tion of being mustered out as soon as an opportunity could be afforded them to make up their final reports and returns as such officers.
The term of Capt. Matchett expired October 7, 1864, but the Fortieth being a favorite regiment with Gen. Stanley, he requested that officer to remain with it. and take command. promising to use his influence to have it filled by recruits and officered by its experienced men, or consolidated into a battalion of four com- panies.
While at Pulaski. thinking the regiment had gone into winter quarters. Maj. Reeves signified his determination to remain with the regiment, if Capt. Matchett did, or to be mustered out if Capt. Matchett was. This course would not only have
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prevented the promotion of Capt. Matchett, but also that of several other worthy officers and men ; and therefore Capt. Matchett, on his own demand, was mustered out on the 24th of November, 1864-after having served three years one month and seventeen days with the rank of Captain.
The rebel General, Hood, having discovered that he could do nothing to pre- vent Sherman's march to the sea, concluded to strike our Government a counterhit by marching his army to the lakes. The Fourth Corps was marched rapidly for- ward and gave him battle at Franklin, Tenn., November 30, inflicting terri- ble punishment upon him. Here the rebel General, Pat Cleberne, was killed while charging our lines. The writer has reason to believe that Clebern's division fought the First Division of the Fourth Corps every day during the Atlanta cam- paign.
The Fortieth was not severely engaged in this battle, and suffered no loss. Gen. Stanley was severely wounded in the neck in this engagement, but did not quit the field until the enemy fell back.
That night the Fourth Corps fell back to Nashville. Here the Lieutenant Colonel and Major were mustered out, and Gen. Stanley being absent on account of wounds received at Franklin, the Fortieth was consolidated with the Fifty-first Ohio Infantry, against the protest of every officer and man in the regiment. Capt. Allen, and Lieuts. Fisher and Toner were placed under arrest by the Colonel of the Fifty-first for the manner in which they had objected to the consolidation. The Colonel of the Fifty-first ordered the regimental flag of the Fortieth to be thrown away or sent back to Ohio, but the veterans of the Fortieth signified their deter- mination to die by that flag if necessary, but to never part with it while they remained in the service. The Colonel of the Fifty-first wisely took this hint, and after threatening and swearing much, he, like all other "men of words," did nothing. A former sutler of the Fortieth, who was then a citizen of Nashville, told the Colonel of the Fifty-first that he did not believe a single regimental officer would survive the fight unless the officers of the Fortieth were released from arrest. They were accordingly released.
On the morning of the 15th of December, 1864. Col. Wood of the Fifty-first told the veterans of the Fortieth that he should hold them accountable for their action during the coming fight ; that he had borne with their insults and insubor- dination as long as he intended to, and that he hoped he would have no more trouble with them. Lieut. William Potter, who had been promoted to First Lieutenant from Orderly Sergeant of Company G, Fortieth Regiment, replied in these words : "Colonel, the only trouble you will have with us in this fight is to keep your old regimental flag and flax pullers* up even with us." Then turning to the veterans of the Fortieth, he said : "Boys, Col. Taylor is not here, and neither is Capt. Matchett with you to lead you in this fight, but let us preserve the reputa- tion of the old Fortieth, by showing these flax pullers how to go in a fight."
In the consolidation of the two regiments, the veterans of the Fortieth were made Companies E, K and H of the Fifty-first, and some recruits of the Fortieth and Fifty-first were consolidated in Company G, of the Fifty-first. This placed the Fortieth all in the left wing of the Fifty-first. The two days' fighting at Nash- ville demonstrated the truthfulness of Lieut. Potter's suggestion to Col. Wood, that the flax pullers would have trouble to go as far in the fight as the Fortieth. At one time, Col. Wood led the regiment in a charge on a rebel battery in such a way as to bring the left of his regiment squarely in front of the cannon's month, but without a moment's hesitation they charged and took it ; meanwhile the right of the regiment had become stuck because of the warm reception they received from the rebel support to that battery. In the Fortieth there were several veterans who had been drilled in a battery, while on detached duty in that service, in 1862, and they seized upon the rebel guns and in a moment were enfilading the rebel lines right and left, and calling out to Col. Wood to bring up his "d-d flax
*The boys of the Fortieth called the Fifty-first Regiment flar pullers.
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pullers " in a line with them, and saying. " see where the flag of the Fortieth waves."
When Gen. Stanley returned to the Fourth Corps, he asked Col. Wood how he liked the veterans of the Fortieth. Col. Wood replied : " Oh, well, I never saw such devils to fight. but they are saucy and insubordinate." They were never insubordinate while the regiment existed as the Fortieth.
After the battle at Nashville. the Fifty-first pursued after the enemy, as far as Huntsville, Ala., thence to East Tennessee, and from there returned to Nashville, where they remained until the close of the war. In June, 1865, the regiment was ordered to Texas, the Fifty-first going as far as Victoria, and being stationed, for several weeks, at Indianola.
In October, 1865. they were mustered out and returned home, the veterans of the Fortieth bringing the flag with them. and on the 17th of November. 1865, pursuant to previous notice, they returned the flag to the ladies of Greenville. Not as they had received it, bright and beautiful to the eve, but battle-worn, bullet- riddled, the spear broken, the shaft shattered. and with many bullet rents through its colors. The orator of the day, Dr. W. C. Otwell, the Regimental Steward of the Fortietli, closed his presentation address in the following language :
" To you then, ladies, we return these colors, riddled with bullets and stained with patriots' blood, who died that we might live to enjoy the rich boon of free- dom, purchased with the price of rivers of gore. With this banner, we also return the thanks of its noble defenders to those patriotic women from whose hands it came to the Fortieth."
The flag is now in the possession of Mrs. I. N. Gard, of Greenville, Ohio.
There were many noble deeds and acts of bravery done by other companies in this glorious regiment, from other counties outside of Darke County, well worthy a place in history, and which are not within the purview and scope of this work, and are, therefore, necessarily omitted. and in fact, everything here found has been too briefly stated : but we bear witness to what we have written and had it placed here ; in order that the present and future generations may know that although Darke County furnished no distinguished Generals in the war to command armies, yet the deeds of valor, the acts of personal bravery of her soldiers, and the honor, ability and integrity with which they discharged their duties in many a hard- fought battle, are unsurpassed by any and second to none.
The Forty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized and mustered into United States service at Camp Clark, Springfield, Ohio, in October, 1851. On the 14th, it moved via Cincinnati to West Virginia, and Company G, Capt. John M. Newkirk, were soon in active service on picket and on detail. After several expedi- tions, the regiment built winter quarters, provided comfortable shelter, drilled daily, and so passed five months. On May, 1, 1862. the command moved up to Gauley Bridge, and was brigaded with the Thirty-sixth and Forty-seventh, under Col. Crook. The brigade moved to Lewisburg, and from there the Forty-fourth and another regiment advanced to Dublin Station, on the railroad, destroying part of the track. Returning to Lewisburg, the brigade was attacked May 23, and turning upon the enemy routed them, captured three guns, many prisoners, and had the rebel dead to bury, their wounded to care for. They fell back to Meadow Bluff, and threw up works, and, August 15, set off toward the Kanawha. It was learned that a heavy body of the enemy was moving against the brigade, which had two regiments on each bank of the river. On September 9, the Forty-fourth and its associate regiment, being assailed. fell back on Gauley, and having made a stand to secure safety of the train, began their retreat. The Forty-fourth marched in the rear a day and the greater part of the night, and covered the retreat to Charleston, where the persistent foe again attacked on the 13th. The Union soldiers, greatly outnumbered, disputed the ground firmly, and finally crossing an affluent of the Kanawha, cut down the suspension bridge and cut off the pursuit. The regiment was now sent to Kentucky, and encamped for some time at Covington.
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Moving to Lexington, it was placed in the Second Brigade. Second Division, of the Army of Kentucky. under Gen. Granger, and took part in various scouts and marches until December 20, when, moving to Frankfort. it was there mounted and thence saw constant duty, advancing, retreating and skirmishing, and almost living in the saddle. The regiment dismounted, accompanied Burnside on his advance into Tennessee, and shared in the rigors of the campaign ; working in fortifications at Knoxville, and occupying the wet ditches day and night. The enemy were pursued eastward, and returning, the men went into camp at Strawberry Plains. January 1, it was proposed that the command re-enlist, under promise that the men would be armed and mounted as cavalry. Within four days. 550 of 600 men had accepted the proposal. Their arrival at home was an occasion of enthusiastic and joyous greeting. On March 28, 1864, the veterans with numerous recruits were organized at Camp Dennison. as the
Eighth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry .- Delayed in the receipt of arms and accouter- ments. six companies, not mounted, were ordered to West Virginia on April 26, and on May 8 the rest of the regiment was ordered to Cincinnati, to be transported to Charleston. Early on the 10th, without saddles or bridles, the men, each lead- ing two or three horses, set out for the city, which was reached in a heavy rain, but by dark they had embarked and were on their way. At Charleston. they were supplied with carbines and saddles, and, the last of May, sent to Lewisburg over a familiar road. They were assigned to Gen. Duffie's brigade, and started with Averill on the raid to Lynchburg. On the night of the third day, camp was made in Warm Springs Valley. At Staunton, a junction was made with Hunter's com- mand. A futile attempt was made to surprise the rebels at Buckhannon, where the Eighth remained till the 15th, when it crossed the ridge toward Lynchburg. Two companies skirmished with the enemy near Otter Creek Bridge, and, at noon next day, the enemy was met in force. The ground was disputed with uncertain result, and the rebels were forming for a charge, when infantry came up and secured the position. The night brought aid to the enemy, and by dark next day the Union army was retreating rapidly, followed closely by the rebels. At Liberty, the Eighth was ordered to re-enforce the rear guard, and, in an action with a far superior force, lost seventy-one in killed, wounded and prisoners. Subsequently, the enemy having attacked and partially despoiled the train of artillery, the Eighth dismounted and recovered the guns: They retired to White Sulphur Springs, where the regiment was divided-the Colonel proceeding with the foot- men to Charleston, while the mounted men, under the Lieutenant Colonel, went to Beverly. A march of 600 miles, occupying thirty-three days, brought the mounted men temporary rest. Twice ordered to the Shenandoah. they each time returned, under counter orders, to Beverly. Four companies-A, C, H and K-were captured in August. On the morning of October 29, a body of rebels rode into camp, just as the men were falling in for roll-call. As the shots were heard at the picket line, the men formed, carbine in hand, behind the horse racks, and held the enemy temporarily in check. A hand-to-hand fight occurred, the men bat- tling singly and in groups, and, in some cases, without weapons. Finally the rebels were routed, with a loss of seventeen killed, twenty-seven wounded and ninety-two prisoners, while the Eighth lost eight killed, twenty-five wounded and thirteen prisoners.
Scouting and skirmishing kept the men busily employed till December 1, when Col. Moore rejoined the regiment with his force. They had been in the cav- alry charge at Winchester, had fought at Fisher's Hill, barely escaped capture at Cedar Creek, and followed Early on his retreat. Things put on a new aspect at this time. Five companies were well mounted, and four of these were ordered to Philippi, and 300 men of the Thirty-fourth came to replace them. On January 11, 1865, about 3 A. M., the camp was surprised ; a few escaped, twenty-five were killed and wounded, most were captured. In seven days, they were hurried 163 miles, wading through streams, traveling through snow, and half starved. At
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Staunton, seventy men were placed in each of a train of stock cars and conveyed to Richmond. They suffered much in Libby and Pemberton till paroled, Feb- ruary 15. Some returned to Clarksburg, and some were mustered out as prisoners of war in June, and in August the regiment was mustered out at Clarksburg, Va., and was paid off and discharged at Camp Dennison, Ohio.
History of the Sixty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry .- This regiment contained two companies of men from Darke County, under Capts. Eli Hickox and David Putnam. It was about the close of April, 1862, when the organization reported for duty at Nashville, Tenn .; was reviewed by Andrew Johnson, then Military Governor of the State, and, April 29, detailed to guard forty-two miles of the Nashville & Columbia Railroad. The companies were stationed at bridges within that distance. June 6, the regiment was ordered to report at Franklin, then to Nashville, and was then transported to Murfreesboro, where it joined three other regiments, two batteries and a body of cavalry, all under Gen. Dumont, in an expe- dition to MeMinnville. The head of the column entered that town in twenty-eight hours after leaving Murfreesboro, and in twenty hours accomplished the feat of traveling fifty-two miles. They marched across the Cumberland Mountains to Pikeville. The ascent of the mountains is very steep, and the distance to the top shelf is three miles. The artillery doubled teams, as did the baggage trains. The road is covered with sharp stones, lying loose ; at the top of the road, it is cov- ered with fine sand to the depth of four inches. Water was scarce; trains were far to the rear ; haversacks were empty, and everybody was hungry. There was a small farm where the troops camped, and among the stock was a flock of fifty sheep, which fell victims to their necessities. There was no salt, and the mutton was roasted on sticks for supper and breakfast. On Sunday morning, the column had advanced but two miles, when scouts reported the rebels at Pikeville, and nothing to eat ; thereupon the column about-faced and set out on their return. Returning to Nashville, the Sixty-ninth was assigned to provost and guard duty until the close of July. Col. L. D. Campbell was appointed Provost Marshal of Nashville, and held the position till his resignation, in August. Morgan made a raid on Gallatin, and the Sixty-ninth Ohio and Eleventh Michigan, marching thither, drove out the enemy. While Bragg was engaged in his movement on Louisville, the Sixty-ninth, with other regiments, garrisoned Nashville. Duty was severe, and skirmishes were frequent. The army gathering at Nashville, the regi- ment moved out into camp, about five miles from the city. It was placed in Neg- ley's division of the Fourteenth Army Corps, and advanced with the army, on December 26, npon the Franklin Pike. The vicinity of the enemy was reached on the evening of the 29th, and skirmishing was constant. On the next day, Negley marched to the right center, and, while a part of the Sixty-ninth lay in the cedars, the others were upon the skirmish line. On the 31st, it went to the front early in the morning. Companies A and D were sent out to skirmish with the rebel pick- ets, while the others lay upon the ground to avoid the exploding shells, and reserving their fire for infantry. About 10 A. M., the crisis approached, and the Sixty-ninth fell back some thirty rods to an open field, and fell into line with the division. The rebel lines advanced, well supported, and maintaining a heavy, deadly fire. Col. Cassily was dismounted, and Maj. Hickox took command. The men were confused, and, being exposed to the leaden sleet without returning the fire, showed unmistakable symptoms of disorganization. The Major partially restored confidence, and the line was rapidly recovering, when a shot, striking his horse, threw him heavily ; and now the men stood without command, under a murderous rain of balls. They were becoming demoralized, when Col. Stanley, discovering their trouble, placed himself at their front, and, advancing them to support the other regiments, was called elsewhere. The men went in and placed themselves among the soldiers of other regiments, without regard to order. In a few minutes, Capt. Putnam began to re-form Company E, and the movement was immediately imitated by other companies. They fell back a short distance,
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halted, chose Putnam to command, and then, when nearly cut off, made their way out, with little time to spare, and the division marched to the rear of the left center.
The men felt chagrin at the part taken by them. They had been under fire for hours and hardly a man had fired a half-dozen rounds. January 1, the division was held in reserve. About 3 P. M., Friday, the enemy made a desperate attack upon the Union left wing. Negley's division was then lying behind a hill, hidden from their view. The foe came on in dense lines, driving before them a part of Crit- tenden's corps, and had almost reached the river when the Eighth Division was ordered forward in a counter charge. The line arose, delivered their fire and began their advance. As regiment upon regiment came in sight, the enemy, astonished, halted, wavered and then began to fall back. The Sixty-ninth, now well led, pushed forward and captured a section of the celebrated New Orleans Washington Battery ; Sergt. Wilson, of Company E, captured the flag. The fight ended some time after night set in, and the next day the regiment, with the division, entered Murfreesboro. Albright and Stopher, of Company E, were killed in this charge, and there were many wounded.
After the battle of Stone River, the Army of the Cumberland lay some time in camp, collecting new strength, accumulating supplies and re-organizing regi- ments preparatory to another advance. Re-enforcements had nearly doubled the strength of the army. Three corps were formed-the Twentieth under McCook, the Fourteenth, Thomas, and the Twenty-first, Crittenden. Negley's division was increased by the addition of a brigade of six East Tennessee regiments, and the Sixty-ninth Ohio now belonged to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps. The Tullahoma campaign began on June 24, and the Sixty-ninth advanced southward along the Manchester pike, and, having finally reached Cowan's Station, was detached as guard to the general hospital and halted at this place until September 28, when it was sent as guard to an ammunition train of 450 wagons, en route to Bridgeport, on the Tennessee, whence it marched to Chat- tanooga. In the various movements of the troops, the Sixty-ninth Ohio, with the reserve corps of Gen. Granger, moved from Rossville to Chickamauga Creek, whence, under orders of Col. D. McCook, brigade commander, it marched to Reed's Bridge, which it burned, thereby securing the rear of the army from attack. After this service, the regiment marched to Rossville and was placed in charge of the division trains, thus denied a part in the battle of Chickamauga. In the afternoon of the 20th, the command was sent to the front, near Rossville, and assisted to cover the retreat of the Fourteenth Army Corps to Chattanooga. When Mission Ridge was fought, the regiment was among the first to scale the mountain, under the efficient leadership of Maj. J. J. Hanna. In this action, Lieut. J. S. Scott, Color Sergt. Jacob Wetzell, Color Corps. D. W. Leach and John Meredith, Corp. E. J. Manche, and Privates Kluger, Elsom, Sewers, Vankirk and Heffing were killed, and many wounded, a number mortally. Next morning, the command moved down to the Ringgold road and advanced along it until night ; were delayed at the Little Chickamauga and another stream, await- ing the building of bridges. A number of rebel camp-fires were seen on a ridge ahead, whereupon the troops moved cautiously, and, about 8 P. M., made an attack, in which Ferguson's Battery was captured complete, without the loss of a man, and, on the 29th of December, returned to Chattanooga. The regiment vet- eranized March 16, 1864, and set out for Ohio on a furlough of thirty days. Most of the two Darke County companies re-entered the service, and came home looking well and hearty. Their short furlough ended, the men promptly reported at Camp Dennison, and, April 22, again started for the field, marching, for want of transportation, from Nashville to Cowan's Station, and joined the army before Buz- zard's Roost on May 11. Three days later, it marched with the army through Snake Creek Gap and bivouacked for the night. The regiment marched about 3 A. M., and soon arrived in sight of the enemy's position on a range of hills, half a
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