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LOUIS L. BLOOM
ANNALS
OF THE
SIXTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY.
-
Subscription Copy,
No. 300
ANNALS
OF THE
- -
SIXTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY
BY REV. S. L. GRACEY,
CHAPLAIN OF THE REGIMENT.
PUBLISHED FOR THE OFFICERS OF THE REGIMENT BY
+ 973.7448
E. H. BUTLER & CO. MDCCCLXVIII. G752
Entered, according to act of Congrefs, in the year 1868, BY E. H. BUTLER & Co., In the Clerk's Office of the Diftrict Court for the Eaftern Diftrict of Pennfylvania.
*
1212246
" Oh, great corrector of enormous times, Shaker of o'er-rank States, thou great decider Of dufty and old titles, that heal'ft with blood The earth when it is fick
· I do take Thy figns aufpicioufly, and in thy name March boldly on."
Entered, according to act of Congrefs, in the year 1868, BY E. H. BUTLER & Co., In the Clerk's Office of the Diftrict Court for the Eaftern Diftrict of Pennfylvania.
1212246
" Oh, great corrector of enormous times, Shaker of o'er-rank States, thou great decider Of dufty and old titles, that heal'ft with blood The earth when it is fick
I do take Thy figns aufpicioufly, and in thy name March boldly on."
1
HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE GULF, NEW ORLEANS, LA., February 5th, 1866.
REV. S. L. GRACEY, Chaplain, &c.
DEAR SIR : Your communication of January 7th was duly received, and it is with great pleafure I hear of the intention of the officers of the 6th Pennfylvania Cavalry to prepare a hiftory of the campaigns of that regiment.
No organization in either the regular or volunteer fervice enjoyed a more enviable reputation in every refpect, and its fervices were of fo valuable a character to the government that every endeavour was made by me after its mufter out in 1864 to have an organization formed, the nucleus of which fhould be fuch officers and men of the original regiment as were de- firous of again entering the fervice.
I congratulate you and the officers and men formerly con- nected with the 6th Pennfylvania Cavalry on the abundant pleafing material at your difpofal from which to make a hif- tory.
I am, fir, very refpectfully, PHIL. H. SHERIDAN,
Major General U. S. A.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I .- Organization-Colonel R. H. Rufh receives Authority from the War Department-" Philadelphia Light Cavalry"-Companies Muftered into the United States Service-Camp Meigs-Drilling- Flag Prefentation from the Ladies of Germantown, ·
Page
17
CHAPTER II .- The Lance-Street Parade-Prefentation of Regimen- tal Standards by Governor Curtin-Speeches-Original Officers, . 26
CHAPTER III .- Off for Wafhington-Camp "Barclay"-Provoft Duty -Sword Prefentation to Colonel Rufh-Profpect Hill-Mud March -Off for " Dixie"-Stormy Paffage to Fortrefs Monroe-Hampton, 37
CHAPTER IV .- On the Peninfula-Newmarket-Yorktown-Morris's Farm-Ruffin's Farm-Reconnoiffance-Hanover Courthoufe-Re- port of Colonel Rufh-Fair Oaks-Tunftall's Station-Stuart's Raid -Report by Colonel Ruth, 43 ·
CHAPTER V .- Cold Harbour-Fair Oaks-Beaver Dam Creek-Me- chanicfville-Gaines's Mill-The Change of Bafe to James River- The Retreat-Robinfon's Battery-Savage Station-White Oak Swamp-Charles City Crofs-Roads-Glendale-Frazier's Farm, . 55
CHAPTER VI .- Malvern Hill-Reports of Mcclellan and Lee-Se- vere Fighting-July Fourth -Congratulatory Addrefs from the General Commanding-Capture of Hofpitals-Experience in Rebel Prifons-Harrifon's Landing-Night Shelling-Adieu to the James, 72
2
14
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VII .- Through Wafhington-Into Maryland-Frederick-
Page South Mountain-Antietam-The Great Battle of the Fall of 1862 -Ordered to Frederick, Maryland, 87
CHAPTER VIII .- Pofition of the Army of the Potomac-Stuart's Raid into Pennfylvania-The Sixth Pennfylvania fent out to Picket the Roads to the North-Scouting Duty-The Rebel Column at Em- mettfburg-Report of Colonel Rufh-Captain Cadwalader and his Company near being Captured-Rebels Efcape-Army moves into Virginia-Several Companies Rejoin the Army-Frederickfburg, . 104
CHAPTER IX .- Battle of Frederickfburg-General Hooker's Account -General Franklin's Left Grand Divifion-General Franklin and Meade's Reports-The Sixth as Provoft Guard of the Left Grand Divifion-Recroffing the Rappahannock-Details from the Regi- ment-Colonel Rufh, with Companies "B" and "G" Rejoin-They march from Wafhington, and have a Skirmifh at Occoquan, . . 115
CHAPTER X .- A General Advance-Winter Campaign-" Burnfide's Mud March"-Burnfide's Farewell Addrefs to the Army-Belle Plain-The Cavalry Reviewed by Prefident Lincoln-Opening of the Spring Campaign-Colonel Rufh leaves the Regiment and Field Service-Major Robert Morris, Jr., . 123
CHAPTER XI .- Stoneman's Raid-Croffing the Rappahannock-Orange Springs-Louifa Courthoufe-A Skirmith-Colonel Percy Wynd- ham-Columbia on the James-General Gregg's Expedition-Cap- tain Lord and the Firft United States-The Fifth United States Cav- alry-Thompfon's Crofs-Roads-The Return-Difmal Night Rides, 136
CHAPTER XII .- Encampments near Bealton-Morrifville and Hart- wood Church -March to Brooks's Station- Dumfries - After Guerillas-Encamped at Catlett's Station-Great Cavalry Engage- ment at Beverly Ford-Exciting Charge of the Sixth Pennfylvania Cavalry, . · 153
CHAPTER XIII .- The Ninth of June-Brandy Station-Beverly Ford -Full Reports of the Engagement-New York Herald-Philadel-
15
CONTENTS.
phia Evening Bulletin-New York Times-Putnam's Rebellion Page Record, . 165
CHAPTER XIV .- Thoroughfare Gap-Aldie-Upperville-March into Maryland-Battle of Gettyfburg-Forced March to the Potomac- Rebel Spy-Engagement at Williamfport-Boonfboro, . . 176
CHAPTER XV .- Engagements at Boonfboro-Funkftown, near Hagerf- town-Our Cavalry Batteries-Operations of our Noble 100-Fall- ing Waters-Again in "Dixie"-Wapping Heights-Brandy Station and Culpepper-Camp Buford, . 187
CHAPTER XVI .- Major Robert Morris, Jr .- Rejoin the Army in Vir- ginia-A Night Advance-A Fight at Briftoe-Deftruction of Rail- road-Captain Lockwood infide the Enemy's Lines-Guerillas at Morrifville-Murder of Lieutenant Sage-Acrofs the Rappahannock -Engaged near Culpepper, . . 197
CHAPTER XVII .- Engagement at Rappahannock Station-Mine Run Expedition-In Camp near Culpepper-Death of Major-General John Buford-Changes in Field, Staff, and Line, . . 206
CHAPTER XVIII .- Winter Quarters near Mitchell's Station-Recon- noiffance to Robertfon's River-General Cufter's Raid to Charlottef- ville-Stormy Night Rides in Midwinter-Flight of the Contra- bands, . 221
CHAPTER XIX .- Reorganization-Spring Campaign-In the Wilder-
* nefs-Great Flank Movement of the Army of the Potomac-Todd's Tavern-Firft and Second Day-The Wounded-Sheridan's Raid, . 231
CHAPTER XX .- Sheridan's Raid-Captain Miller-Engagement at Yellow Tavern-Meadow Bridge-New Market-White Houfe- Mechanicfville-White Chimneys-Aylett's-Hawes's Shop-Bat- tle at Bethefda Church, . 241
CHAPTER XXI .- Battles at Old Church and Cold Harbour-Bottom Bridge-Raid on the Virginia Central Railroad-Battle at Trevil- lian Station-Return March to the White Houfe, . 254
I 6
CONTENTS.
Page
CHAPTER XXII .- Engagement at White Houfe-General Gregg En- gaged at St. Mary's Church-March to Wilfon's Wharf on James River-Wilfon's Raid-Camp near Windmill Point, . . 264
CHAPTER XXIII .- Feint on the Enemy's Left on the North Side of the James-Fight at Darby's Houfe-Burnfide's Mine-March to Lee's Mills-Return March to City Point and Embarkation for the Shenandoah Valley, . · 270
CHAPTER XXIV .- General Grant vifits Hunter at Monocacy-Grant's Inftructions - The Middle Military Divifion-Sheridan fucceeds Hunter-Skirmithes at White Poft and Newtown-Deftruction of Baggage Train-Skirmith at Front. Royal-Withdrawal to Hall- town-Skirmish at Kearneyfville, .
CHAPTER XXV .- Engagements at Leetown and Smithfield-Regi- ment Ordered to Pleafant Valley to be Muftered Out-Death of Surgeon John B. Coover, . · 290
. 277
CHAPTER XXVI .- Record of Officers Muftered out in 1864, and of Promotions and Changes omitted in the Narrative, · 300
CHAPTER XXVII .- Winter Operations of the Army-The Beginning of the End-Deftruction on James River-Laft of Jubal Early- Charlottefville - Duguidfville-Amherft Courthoufe - Arrival at White Houfe -Rejoining the Army of the Potomac, . . 316
CHAPTER XXVIII .- Reconnoiffance toward Five Forks-Charge of the Regiment-Dinwiddie Courthoufe-Five Forks-Laft Fight of the Regiment, . . · 324
CHAPTER XXIX .- The Purfuit and Surrender of Lee, . 342
CHAPTER XXX .- Conclufion,
· 355
ANNALS OF THE SIXTH
PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY.
CHAPTER FIRST.
Organization-Col. R. H. Rufh receives authority from the War Department-" Philadelphia Light Cavalry"-Com- panies muftered into the United States Service-Camp Meigs-Drilling-Flag presentation from the ladies of Germantown.
T HE regiment whofe campaigns are here recorded 1861. was amongft the firft cavalry organizations offered April 13th. for three years' fervice under the General Government.
It will be remembered that on the 13th of April, 1861, there was announced to the world the inaugura- tion of armed refiftance and hoftility to the authority of the United States by the attack upon Fort Sumter. Upon the performance of this overt act of rebellion, a call was iffued by the Prefident upon the loyal men of the country, to volunteer in the military fervice, to fup- prefs the outbreak and fuftain the national authority.
It was at firft fuppofed that feventy-five thoufand men could eafily accomplifh this work in a fhort time;
3
18
ORGANIZATION.
1861. and that number were enrolled as a national police force for three months.
Early in their fervice, the rebellion affumed propor- tions far beyond the conception of any loyal mind, and it became evident that a much larger force muft be enlifted, and for a longer period. A fecond call was made by the Chief Executive on the Ift day of July, 1861, for two hundred thoufand troops for three years' fervice.
At this time, RICHARD HENRY RUSH, EsQ., of Phila- delphia, a graduate of the Military Academy at Weft Point, and late a captain of artillery in the United States Army, offered his fervices to the State to raife a regi- ment of artillery. It was not deemed defirable, at that time, to recruit to any great extent for that arm of the fervice, and the propofal received no immediate refponfe.
July 24th. On the 24th of July, an offer of his fervices as a grad- July 27th. uate of the United States Military Academy, was made to the General Government at Wafhington, and on the 27th he received authority from the War Department to recruit, without delay, a regiment of cavalry for three years' fervice.
Many of the organizations that had refponded to the firft call of the Prefident were now returning to their homes; and Colonel Rufh, felecting from their number many who were perfonally known or favorably repre- fented to him, invited their cooperation in the formation and recruiting of his regiment.
Thofe only were chofen for official pofition whofe faithfulnefs in fervice already rendered, or whofe educa- tion, general intelligence, focial pofition, and moral character, gave affurance of fitnefs to command.
19
ORGANIZATION.
Early in Auguft, rendezvous were opened in different parts of the city, with Headquarters at No. 833 Market Street, and the work of recruiting was entered upon with great vigor.
In thofe days but fmall bounties were offered-one hundred dollars only, and that payable on honorable dif- charge from the fervice. The defire of the recruit feemed to be as great to conceal his phyfical defects as it became in the days of the "draft" to magnify them. The war fpirit was at its height, and numerous regi- ments for all arms of the fervice were recruiting at the fame time, and all filling up rapidly. In defpite of com- petition and hafte, the material of the regiment was far above the average.
The firft advertifements and pofters announced re- cruiting for the "PHILADELPHIA LIGHT CAVALRY," as which the regiment was organized.
On the 15th of Auguft, Colonel Rufh received noti- fication from Governor Curtin that he had been felected by the officers of the Ift Pennfylvania artillery regiment as their colonel, and that he would be commiffioned ac- cordingly ; but, having already accepted appointment from the War Department, he declined the nomination. He was alfo elected Lieutenant-Colonel of the Third Penn- fylvania Volunteer Regiment Infantry, Colonel Ellmaker, which was likewife declined. He was commiffioned Colonel of the Sixth Pennfylvania Cavalry by Governor Curtin, with rank as fuch from July 27th, 1861.
On the 24th of Auguft, Company "A" was muftered Aug. 24th into the fervice of the United States by Captain John H. McArthur, Fifth United States Cavalry. W. P. C.
1861. Auguft.
20
CAMP MEIGS.
1861. Treichel was muftered as lieutenant of the company. This being the firft troop fully formed and muftered, it was addreffed by Colonel Rufh on the call of the men.
Sept. 3d.
On the 3d of September, the firft camp of the regi- ment was eftablifhed on Second Street above Nicetown Lane, on the Logan eftate, and was known as Camp Meigs. Companies "A" and "B" pitched their tents on this date.
Sept. 6th.
Company "G" was recruited by George E. Clymer, of Reading, Pa., who had received authority from the War Department to raife an independent company. It was muftered into fervice at Reading, on the 8th of Auguft, by Captain W. R. Terrill, Fifth United States Artillery. In the latter part of Auguft it was attached to the Sixth Pennfylvania Cavalry, and reported at Camp Meigs on the 6th of September. It was affigned its place in the regiment as Company "G."
Sept. 7th.
Difmounted drills were commenced on the 7th, and continued each day thereafter while in this camp.
Sept. 20th.
The firft horfes for the regiment were received on the 20th. Mounted drills began on the 25th. This attracting large numbers of vifitors from the city, it was found neceffary to eftablifh a guard around the camp, to keep off the great crowds that gathered there daily, inter- fering with order and difcipline, and rendering mounted drills almoft impoffible. Perfons were admitted to the camp on paffes iffued by Colonel Rufh.
Clement C. Barclay, Efq., took a very great intereft in the formation of the regiment, affifting in a very fub- ftantial manner. Through his influence large fums of
21
FLAG PRESENTATION AT CAMP MEIGS.
money were collected to meet the neceffary expenfes of 1861. recruiting, printing, telegraphing, renting of rendezvous, travelling, &c., in the interefts of the regiment, and in this connection it may be ftated that Colonel Ruth felt greatly indebted to the active co-operation of Jofeph R. Fry, William R. Wifter, Charles Henry Fifher, S. & W. Welfh, and other prominent citizens.
On the 30th of October an interefting ceremony took Oct. 30th. place at Camp Meigs, which is thus defcribed in the Philadelphia Inquirer of Oct. 31ft:
"An interefting fcene was witneffed at Camp Meigs yefterday, the occafion being the prefentation of a ftand of colors, and a fet of guidons to the regiment of Phila- delphia Light Cavalry. The flags were prefented by the ladies of Germantown. At half-paft two o'clock in the afternoon, a large number of citizens had affembled, while vehicles of every defcription lined the road oppofite the camp. Nearly a thoufand horfemen were drawn up in line, and ftood with all the filence and precifion of military difcipline. At the appointed time the regimental band ftruck up 'Hail! Columbia!' when a committee of ladies reprefenting the donors, left the large tent erected for their ufe, and were efcorted to the platform, before which the regiment was formed, one lady bear- ing the regimental colors, while the others carried the guidons of red and white filk intended for the different companies.
" When the mufic had ceafed, MR. WILLIAM ROTCH WISTER, reprefenting the ladies, addreffed Colonel Ruth, as follows :
22
FLAG PRESENTATION AT CAMP MEIGS.
1861. "' Colonel Rufh, officers, and foldiers, of the Philadel- phia Light Cavalry Regiment : The ladies of Germantown and its vicinity have requefted me, in their name, to pre- fent to you the ftandard and guidons which are before you. I do fo, fir, with the greateft pleafure, becaufe I have, as they have, perfect confidence that they will be faithfully and honorably maintained, and that you and your command will ftand by them, if needs be, until the laft trump founds.
""'Soldiers ! You are in arms in refponfe to the call of your country. At that call you have left your peaceful avocations, your friends and your families, to defend that country and the conftitution which, for more than feventy years, has given happinefs to the people : the good name and fame of which have penetrated beyond the confines of civilization.
"' It is well, fir,-it is fitting that fuch a regiment as yours, compofed of the flower of the youth of our city and State, fhould volunteer for the defence of the coun- try againft the ingrates and traitors that are in arms againft it.
"'Remember, foldiers, that your flag is our flag, and your caufe our caufe; and that what you may do to fuftain it in this its hour of trial, will be gratefully remembered. Bear in mind that thofe who give you your flag will anxioufly look for all reports of it, and that you carry with you their beft withes for your fuccefs. Their earneft prayer is that God, in His mercy, may watch over, keep and protect you; that you may one and all do your duty manfully and fearleffly ; and after the rebels in arms againft us fhall have been overcome, that you
23
FLAG PRESENTATION AT CAMP MEIGS.
may return with glory, to pafs the remainder of your lives in peace and profperity.'
"Upon the conclufion of this fpeech, the captains of the ten companies fimultaneoufly difmounted. An or- derly advanced to the bridle of each horfe, while the captains, preceded by the colonel, advanced to the plat- form, and received from the ladies, each captain the guidon intended for his company, and the colonel the regimental ftandard.
"The captains then returned to their companies and remounted. The colonel, handing the ftandard to the regimental color-bearer, afcended the platform, and re- plied to Mr. Wifter as follows :
"'On behalf of the officers and men of the Philadel- phia Light Cavalry, I thank you, fir, and through you the ladies of Germantown, for this gift, fo kindly and in terms fo gratifying, made to the regiment which I have the honor to command. We accept it with grateful fenfibilities and thanks. If we cannot, in the hour of trial, do all that is expected of us, we will do our beft; but I. muft requeft you not to expect too much from thofe thus willing to do their beft. It is eafy to collect men together in maffes, drefs them in uniform, and in- veft them with the furroundings of military life ; but it is not thus alone that foldiers are made. It is only dif- cipline,-regular, fteady, rigid difcipline,-which can form the foldier to be relied on in the hour of need. The difafters which have overtaken us are in a great part to be accounted for by want of this, the greateft element in military organization.
""'It will be my defire, while I am honored with this
1861.
24
FLAG PRESENTATION AT CAMP MEIGS.
1861. command, to give it that element of power and ufeful- nefs; but at prefent we are but recruits; hence I afk, in juftice to the regiment, that you will not afk too much. It is to the generofity and kind intereft of Philadelphians that it owes, in a great meafure, the fuccefs which its friends are kind enough to fay it has met with. It has not been formed under the patronage, or with the aid, of the State government. It has fprung from Philadelphia, and goes into fervice offered to and accepted by the Gen- eral Government.
"' As the colonel of this regiment, may I be permitted to fay, that it was my privilege and honor to be educated at the United States Military Academy. From the com- mencement of this war, I have felt that it was my duty to give all my efforts, and, if neceffary, my life, to the fervice of my country ; and I do but juftice to the offi- cers and men by whom I am furrounded, if I fay that the fame feeling influences them. There is, perhaps, no one who has clofer ties among thofe who are now op- pofed to us in arms, than myfelf. But I feel, neverthe- lefs, that the higheft duty we all owe to our country, and our whole country, North and South, is to urge on the war with a wicked rebellion againft our national exift- ence until it is finally and forever crufhed. As the regi- ment has now its preparatory orders to march, this is probably the laft time we fhall have the pleafure of meet ing in our camp, our fellow-countrymen and country- women who have fo often honored us with their pref- ence, I can, therefore, only fay again, fir, we will do our beft. The beautiful gift of the ladies of Germantown
FLAG PRESENTATION AT CAMP MEIGS.
25 we fhall always highly value, and will ftrive to prove 1861. that we are not unworthy of it.'
"After this fpirited and foldierly addrefs, pronounced in a dignified and firm tone of voice, which was heard over all the field, Col. Rufh returned to the front of the regiment. The regiment then went through a ,drill, which reflected great credit upon officers and men. The enlifted men are fine-looking, young, and athletic, and ride well. The officers are all fine horfemen, from the colonel to the youngeft lieutenant, and are all men of high character and principles."
The occafion was one of great intereft, and will ever be remembered with pleafure by all who were permitted to be prefent.
4
*
CHAPTER SECOND.
The Lance-Street Parade-Presentation of Regimental Stand- ards by Gov. Curtin-Speeches-Original Officers.
Nov. 30th.
1861. TN the latter part of November, telegrams were re- ceived from Gen. Geo. B. McClellan, then com- manding the Army of the Potomac, requefting that the regiment be armed with the lance, and to be ufed for fuch duty as belongs to that arm of the fervice. This was the firft fuggeftion in reference to the lance being placed in the hands of the regiment, and coming from the commanding General of the forces in the Eaft, af- fent was willingly given to be thus armed and ufed.
The weapon being entirely new in our fervice, great attention was given to the felection of pattern and the manufacture, as will appear in the report of Col. Rufh, hereafter.
The firft iffue was made to the command on the 30th of November.
Dec. 4th. 1
The regiment paraded on the ftreets of Philadelphia on the 4th of December, exciting great intereft. This was one of the fineft cavalry difplays ever witneffed in this city, and the only time that a regiment of LANCERS was ever feen on its ftreets. The lance being new and highly burnifhed; the fcarlet pennon bright and attrac-
27
THE LANCE.
tive; the new uniform, and the tidy appearance of men 1861. and horfes, all combined to render it a brilliant and im- pofing pageant.
The prefentation of the State colors to the regiment Dec. 6th. took place this day. Great preparations had been made to render the occafion one of great intereft to the citi- zens of Philadelphia. Five regiments, all nearly filled and ready to march to the feat of war, paraded on the occafion, and received their regimental ftandards. The occurrence is thus defcribed in one of the city papers:
"Summer feemed to have revived yefterday, as if for the exprefs purpofe of allowing our citizens to witnefs a grand military difplay under a clear fky, and in a balmy air. The announcement, which appeared in the Inquirer of yefterday, that five regiments would be prefent to re- ceive their colors from Governor Curtin, attracted an immenfe crowd to the fpot defignated, which was a large field near the Odd Fellows Cemetery, on Iflington Lane, containing about ten acres.
"It was neceffary to ftation a large force of policemen around this field, to keep back the immenfe crowd there gathered. On the north fide, near Iflington Lane, a plat- form was erected, fufficiently elevated to command a fine view of the entire field : this was for the Governor and other diftinguifhed vifitors. The fpectators arranged themfelves along the lane, filled the fteps of the entrance to the Cemetery, and furrounding the entire field, occu- pied every available pofition within view of the ftand.
"About 3 o'clock, the head of the cavalry regiment, commanded by Col. Rufh, appeared in the diftance, pre- ceded by their full band. The regiment turned into the
28
PRESENTATION OF STATE FLAGS.
1861. field, and affumed pofition in line facing the ftand. Soon Dec. 6th. after the infantry regiments arrived, thofe of Col. Staun- ton, Col. Gregory, and Col. Jones, having bands. The regiments then formed in the following order, prepara- tory to the arrival of the Governor and his ftaff:
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