History of Wayne, Pike, and Monroe counties, Pennsylvania, Part 1

Author: Mathews, Alfred, 1852-1904. 4n
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: Philadelphia : R.T. Peck & Co.
Number of Pages: 1438


USA > Pennsylvania > Monroe County > History of Wayne, Pike, and Monroe counties, Pennsylvania > Part 1
USA > Pennsylvania > Pike County > History of Wayne, Pike, and Monroe counties, Pennsylvania > Part 1
USA > Pennsylvania > Wayne County > History of Wayne, Pike, and Monroe counties, Pennsylvania > Part 1


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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02222 7737


Gc 974. 801 W36m Mathews, Alfred History of Wayne, Pike and Monroe Counties, Pa.


2


HISTORY


C


OF


WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE


COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA.


BY ALFRED MATHEWS.


ILLUSTRATED.


PHILADELPHIA: R. T. PECK & CO. 1886.


Allen County Public Library 900 Webster Street PO Box 2270 Fort Wayne, IN 46801-2270


Sauthere . 3/4/5. 4.0


CONTENTS.


GENERAL HISTORY.


CHAPTER I.


The Aboriginal Inhabitants-The Delawares or Minsis-Their Chiefs-Indian Nomenclature


CHAPTER II.


Settlement of the Lower Minisink by the Dutch . 8-23


CHAPTER III.


Release of Title by the Indians-The "Walking Purchase " of 1737-Later Treaties. . 23-33


CHAPTER IV.


The Indian War, 1755-1763-Benjamin Franklin Plans the Frontier Defense-Forts Norris, Hamilton, Hyndshaw and Depui


PAGE 1-8


33-53


1243333


CHAPTER V.


PAGE


Connecticut Meu Settle on the Upper Delaware-Cushutunk, Wyoming and Wallenpaupack, or "Lackawack " Settle- ments-The "Pennamite War". 53-71


CHAPTER VI.


Period of the Revolution and Second Indian War-Soldiers from Upper Northampton- Fort Penn, at Stroudsburg- Massacre at Wyoming-"Shades of Death "-Sullivan's March-Battles of the Lackawaxen and Raymondskill- Indian Incursions and Murders from Cushutunk to Smith- field . 71-98


CHAPTER VII.


End of the Pennamite War -- Northampton County at the Close of the Century-Land System-First Effort for Erection of a New County 98-109


WAYNE COUNTY.


CHAPTER I.


Civil History-Erection from Northampton-County-Seat Re- movals-The Celebrated Court-House War-County Offi- cials, 1798-1885 . 110-139


CHAPTER [I. 1


The Bench and Bar of Wayne County-A General Sketch, with Biographies 139-192


CHAPTER III.


Medical History-Sketches of Prominent Physicians-Early Practice-Dentistry 192-221


CHAPTER IV.


Internal Improvements-The First Roads in the County- Turnpikes-Post-Offices and Mail Routes-The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company-The "Gravity " Railroad- First Locomotive in America-The Pennsylvania Coal Company-Outline History of the Erie Railroad and "Jefferson " Branch


221-257


CHAPTER V.


Agricultural Societies-The Farmers' Institute


257-274


CHAPTER VI.


Educational Matters in General -- The Law of 1834-Teachers' Institutes-Couuty Superintendents. 274-280


CHAPTER VII.


War of the Rebellion-Wayue County Troops-Incidents of a


Local Nature .


280-325


CHAPTER VIII.


Leading and Characteristic Industries-The Tanning Iuterest -Lumbering-The First Raft sent down the Delaware -Bee-Keeping. 325-330


CHAPTER IX.


Description-Topography- Geological Notes-Soils-Streams, Lakes and Fish .


1


vi


CONTENTS.


CHAPTER X.


CHAPTER XXIV.


PAGE


The Borough of Honesdale.


336-443


Oregon Township .


667-680


CHAPTER XI.


CHAPTER XXV.


Damascus Township


443-489


Palmyra Township


680-684


CHAPTER XII.


CHAPTER XXVI.


The Borough of Bethany.


489-511


The Borough of Hawley.


684-701


CHAPTER XIII.


CHAPTER XXVII.


Borlin Township.


511-517


Paupack Township


701-707


CHAPTER XIV.


CHAPTER XXVIII.


Buckingham


517-531


Preston Township .


707-718


CHAPTER XV.


CHAPTER XXIX.


Equinunk.


531-541


Starrucca


718-736


CHAPTER XXX.


Canaan and the Boroughs of Waymart and Prontpton .


541-558


Scott Township


736-746


CHAPTER XXXI.


South Canaan Township


558-566


Salem. .


746-778


CHAPTER XXXII.


Cherry Ridge Township .


566-576


Lake Township


778-790


CHAPTER XIX.


Clinton


576-594


CHAPTER XXXIII.


CHAPTER XX.


Dyberry Township.


594-615


CHAPTER XXI.


Lehigh Township


802-804


Lebanon Township .


615-629


CHAPTER XXXV.


CHAPTER XXII.


Dreher 804-810


Manchester


629-637


CHAPTER XXXVI.


Mount Pleasant


637-667


Texas Township


810-829


PIKE COUNTY.


CHAPTER I.


Civil History-Taxables in 1814-Erection of the County- Public Buildings-Effort to Remove Seat of Justice to Blooming Grove-Lists of County Officials . . 830-840


CHAPTER II.


CHAPTER IV.


›nd Bar-Biographical Sketches


840-846


CHAPTER III.


Military-Soldiers in the War of 1812 and War of the Rebel- lion. . 846-851


Railroads-Efforts to Construct them-Advantages offered . .


851-854


CHAPTER XVI.


CHAPTER XVII.


CHAPTER XVIII.


Sterling Township


790-802


CHAPTER XXXIV.


CHAPTER XXIII.


PAGE


vii


CONTENTS.


CHAPTER V.


CHAPTER XI.


Borough of Milford


Lackawaxen Township .


954-967


CHAPTER VI.


CHAPTER XII.


Westfall Township.


898-904


Shohola Township.


967-974


. Dingman Township


905-907


Blooming Grove


974-976


Delaware Township


907-926


CHAPTER XIV.


CHAPTER IX.


Porter Township


976-977


Lehman Township.


926~944


CHAPTER X.


CHAPTER XV.


Palmyra Township


944-954


Greene Township


977-981


MONROE COUNTY.


CHAPTER I.


CHAPTER XIII.


Erection of the County-County-seat Contest-Civil List. . .


982-989


Hamilton Township


1203-1218


CHAPTER XIV.


The Bench and Bar-The Old and New Bar-Biographical


Sketches


989-1001


Chestnuthill Township.


1218-1224


CHAPTER XV.


CHAPTER III.


Medicine and Physicians-Personal Sketches-Dental Surgery 1001-1015


CHAPTER IV.


Eldred Township ..


1229-1233


Education in Monroe County.


1015-1017


CHAPTER XVII.


CHAPTER V.


Polk Township .


1233-1238


History of the Rebellion


1017-1031


CHAPTER XVIII.


CHAPTER VI.


Jackson Township.


1238-1243


CHAPTER XIX.


CHAPTER VII.


Topography and Geology.


1034-1047


CHAPTER VIII.


CHAPTER XX.


Smithfield Township


1047-1105


Price Township


1249-1253


CHAPTER XXI.


Middle Smithfield Township .


1105-1121


Paradise Township.


1253-1263


CHAPTER X.


CHAPTER XXII.


Stroud Township.


1121-1141


Barrett Township


1263-1269


CHAPTER XI.


The Borough of Stroudsburg.


1141-1188


CHAPTER XXIII.


Coolbaugh, Tobyhanna and Tunkhannock


1269-1278


CHAPTER XII.


East Stroudsburg Borough .


1188-1203


Index. 1279-1283


CHAPTER II.


Ross Township


1224-1229


CHAPTER XVI.


Railroads


1081-1034


Pocono Township


1243-1249


CHAPTER IX.


PAGE


854-898


PAGE


CHAPTER VII.


CHAPTER XIII.


CHAPTER VIII.


-


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.


On or opposite page


On or opposite page


Abraham, George, Portrait of. 485


Dimmick, W. H., Portrait of 170


Adams, Geo. L., Portrait of 1191


Dinginan, A. C., Portrait of. 213


Alberty, W. N., Portrait of. 604


Doherty, J. J., Portrait of. 412


Allen, David, Portrait of. 741


Dorflinger, Christian, Portrait of. 823


Ames, H. C., Portrait of.


554


Douglass, G. H., Portrait of 624


Ames, Jacob S., Portrait of.


698


Douglass, Robbins, Portrait of. 623


Appley Monument. 431


Dunning, J. H., Portrait of. 441


Armstrong, Thomas, Portrait of. 897


Dusinberre, C. A., Portrait of. 209


Avery, Dr. Otis, Portrait of


219


Early, Hallock, Portrait of. 743


Baker, George E., Portrait of 614


Eldred, N. B., Portrait of 157


Barker, Levi, Portrait of.


69G


Faatz, Charles, Portrait of. 611


829


Beach, J. Howard, Portrait of 478 Fitch, J. B., Portrait of.


251


Bell, T. A., Portrait of. 1165


Foulke, Chas. M., Portrait of


1124


Boyd, Thomas Y., Portrait of 480


Fulmer, Philip F., Portrait of


924


Brady, R. W., M.D., Portrait of. 214


Goodrich, P. G., Portrait of. 755


Brodhead, L. W., Portrait of. 1056


Grambs, Lorenzo, Portrait of. 369


Brodhead, Chas. D., Portrait of 1161


Greene, Giles, Portrait of. 788


Brodhead, Thomas, Portrait of. 1104


Greenwald, A. O., Portrait of. 1172


Greiner, Henry, Portrait of. 593


Bross, William, Portrait of. 887


Bunnell, Henry, Portrait of.


826


llackett, C. S., Portrait of. 745


Bunnell, J. K., Portrait of.


827


Haines, Benj. F., Portrait of 39


Bunnell, Z. M. P., Portrait of. 605


Ham, Thos. J., Portrait of. 382


Burcher, John, Portrait of.


486


Burns, Reed, Portrait of.


216


Hamlin, E. W., Portrait of.


509


Butler, Albert, Portrait of.


613


Hamulin, William E., Portrait of


797


Buslı, P. M., Portrait of.


1004


Bush, Lewis, Portrait of. 1005


Harmes, Rudolph, Portrait of.


207


Hartwell, William, Portrait of.


479


Hoadley, John R., Portrait of


574


Holbert, J. G., Portrait of. 636


Hulbert, William, Portrait of. 962


Hollinshead, S. S., Autograph of.


1157


Hollinshead, Mrs. Jeannette, Portrait of. 1158


Church, The First Presbyterian, of Honesdale 401 Holmes, S., Portrait of. 998


Church, The Old Stone. 1094


Clark, Perry A., Portrait of 575


Cliff, George E., Portrait of. 802


Cobb, C. S., Portrait of. 775


Cole, P. J., Portrait of. 367


Collins, Lucius, Portrait of. 572


Conklin, John, Portrait of. 516


Coolbaugh, A .V., Portrait of. 1108


Coons, Sidney, Portrait of. 329


Conrt-House, Pike County. 836


Court-llouse, Wayne County 126


Davis, William, Portrait of. 995


Kenner, David, Portrait of. 442


Kimble, George W., Portrait of 677


De Puy, Robt. R., Portrait of. 1159


Kilgour Blue Stone Co., Works of 970


Dillon, G. R., Portrait of. 529


Kilgour, John F., Portrait of 969


Dimmick, Samuel E., Portrait of. 175 | King, R. K., Portrait of 735


Indian Costumes


25


Indian Relics 42


Irvine, Charles, Portrait of. 477


Jackson, Jno., Portrait of 482


Jadwin, C. C., Portrait of. 437


Justin, Jehiel, Portrait of. 627


Keen, J. L., Portrait of. 556


Kelly, S. A., Portrait of. 217


Day, Lewis, Portrait of. 610


Houck, Nathan, Portrait of. 981


Hurd, F. Wilson, Portrait of. 1102


Hutchinson, M. L., Portrait of 1202


Case, Orson, Portrait of. 591 Church, Grace Episcopal, of Honesdale, 405 Church, Methodist Episcopal, of Honesdale 406


Church, Methodist Episcopal, of Stroudsburg. 1-177


Church, Presbyterian, of Stroudsburg 1178


Church, St. John's Roman Catholic, of Honesdale 408


Hamlin, Butler, Portrait of. 772


Harines, Rodney, Portrait of.


204


Barry, Simon, Portrait of


1130


Ferguson, W. L., Portrait of.


Brooks, Ezra, Portrait of. 608


Gunn, J. C., Portrait of .. 365


ix


x


ILLUSTRATIONS.


On or opposite page


Ou or opposite page


Kistler, Chas. E., Portrait of. 1209 Kistler, M. M., Portrait of. 1029


Rowland, G. H., Portrait of. 957


Knight, W. P., Portrait of. 530


Schwarz, R. F., Portrait of. 1132


La Bar, H. M., Portrait of. 942


Scudder, Isaiah, Portrait of 537


Seeley, Richard L., Portrait of. 359


Le Bar, A., Portrait of. 1007


Shafer, John D., Portrait of.


1126


Le Bar, J. Depue, Portrait of. 1083


Sheard, George, Portrait of.


484


Lester, Orrin, Portrait of.


666


Shohola Glen Hotel,


967


Locomotive, The First.


238


Shohola Glen Silk Mills


972


Loder, A. W., Portrait of. 1200


Shull, Jos. H., Portrait of.


1009


Loomis, E. W., Portrait of.


589


Singmaster, Henry, Portrait of.


1185


Manning, James, Portrait of.


507


Skinner, Calvin, Portrait of.


476


Map, Historical, of Pennsylvania. 2


Smith, B. B., Portrait of. 426


Map of Indian Orchard Tract.


338


Smith, J. R., Portrait of. 1198


Map, Outline, of Monroe County 982


Staples, R. S., Portrait of. 1167


Map, Outline, of Pike County. 830


Starbird, Irvin, Portrait of .. 717


Map of the Schoonover Tract.


338


Stevens, Nicholas, Portrait of.


799


Map of United Tracts. 338


Strong, E. P., Portrait of. 733


Map, Outline, of Wayne County 110


Stroud, Daniel, Portrait of. 1148


Maps, Topographical. 1037


Swingle, Simon, Portrait of 564


McAvoy, Paul, Portrait of. 665


Tegeler, C. T., Portrait of. 488


McIlhaney, Thomas M., Portrait of. 1164


Torrey, Jno., Portrait of. 360


Miller, William, Portrait of.


606


Tyler, Israel, Portrait of. 174


Millham, James, Portrait of. 700


Van Dusen, Henry, Autograph of. 614


1262


Mott, H. S., Portrait of. 893


Wallace, Jno., Portrait of.


801


Mumford, James, Portrait of. 729


Mumford, W. W., Portrait of. 731


Nelson, W. M., Portrait of. '539


Osborn, Geo. B., Portrait of.


295


Penniman, F. B., Portrait of.


386


Penwarden, William, Portrait of. 673


Wesley Water Cure. 1100


Westbrook, John C., Portrait of. 895


Peters, Charles R., Portrait of.


943


Westbrook, J., Portrait of ... 917


Petersen, Charles, Portrait of. 440


Westbrook, R. B., Portrait of 20


Preston, Paul S., Portrait of.


526


Weston, W. W., Portrait of. 363


Wheeler, Earl, Portrait of. 167


Puterbaugh, I. T., Portrait of.


1033


Ransberry, Michael, Portrait of.


1196


Reed, Dwight, Portrait of.


208


Wilson, Henry, Portrait of. 179


Woodbridge, Howel, Portrait of. 774


Reifler, John, Portrait of. 679


Yale, Norman, Portrait of


626


Rhodes, T. W., Portrait of. 1128


Young, Coe F., Portrait of.


249


Ridgeway, Thomas J., Portrait of.


966


776


Morss, L. W., Portrait of


Wagner, George, Portrait of.


Ward, Elias O., Portrait of. 504


Watts, William, Portrait of. 676


Wayne County Glass Works, Blowing Department, Dorflinger & Sons 822 Wayne County Glass Works, Cutting Department, Dorflinger & Sons 820 Wayne County Glass Works, Dorflinger & Sons. 818


Perham, S. G., Portrait of. 663


Rollinson, A. J., Portrait of. 777


Lantz, Jackson, Portrait of. 1012


HISTORY


OF THE


COUNTIES OF WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE,


IN THE


COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.


CHAPTER I.


The Aboriginal Inhabitants-The Delawares or Minsis- Their Chiefs-Indian Nomenelature.


ACTUAL knowledge of the Aboriginal people who inhabited the region from the lower waters of the North River to the Chesapeake, and the vast wilderness now comprised in the thickly populated, wealthy states of New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania, may be said to date from 1609, when, upon September 15th, Henry Hudson sailed, in his little ship the Half Moon, up the royal river which bears his name, and rode at anchor in the majestic tide. just above the Highlands. The Indians whom he there met were the Lenni Lenape, who afterwards came to be commonly called the Delawares. Full of simple sublimity and lofty poetry was the conception these savages first formed of the strange white-faced men in dress, bearing and speech different from their own, who came in the winged canoe to their shores. In their as- tonishment they called out to one another, " Be- hold ! the Gods are come to visit us!" They at first considercd these hitherto unknown beings as messengers of peace sent to them from the abode of the Great Spirit, and wel- comed and honored them with sacrificial feasts and with gifts. Hudson recorded that above the Highlands "they found a very loving people and very old men, and were well uscd." The Lenni Lenape handed down the tradition


of their reception of the Dutch upon the Hud- son and the island where it came about that New York was built, and always maintained that none of the enemy-the Iroquois, or Five Nations-were present, though they sent for their friends, the Mohicans, to participate in the joy of the occasion.


Hudson touched the extreme northern and castern portion of the country occupied by the Lenape. The Iroquois, the other great branch of the Algonquin race, occupied the region of the upper Hudson, upon its west shore, and their villages sparsely dotted the wilderness northward to the St. Lawrence, and westward to the great lakes, but from the lower waters of the Hudson, southward and westward through- ont the territory included in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania, the forest-covered hills and plains constituted the land of the Lenape, and their nation was centralized upon the river Delaware and its affluents.


The Lenni Lenape, as they called themselves or the Delawares1 as they have been very


1 The name ' Delaware,' which we give to these people is unknown in their own language * * they thought the whites had given it to them in derision but they were reeoneiled to it, on being told that it was the name of a great white chief, Lord de la Warre, which had been given to them and their river. As they are fond of being named after distinguished men, they were rather pleased, eon- sidering it as a compliment. - Heckewelder.


The Dutch ealled them Mahikundcos; tho French, Abenakis.


1


2


WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA.


commonly and erroneously denominated by many writers, claimed great antiquity and superiority over other aboriginal nations. Indeed the name Lenni Lenape signifies " the original people "-a race of human beings who are the same that they were in the beginning, unchanged and unmixed. They asserted that they had existed from the beginning of time, and many Indiau nations, the Miamis, Wyan- dots, Shawanese and more than twenty other tribes or nations admitted their antiquity and called them "Grandfathers." Their own tradi- tion of the advent of the nation upon the Delaware and the eastern sea-coast is poetical and interesting and not entirely unsupported by evidence, (which however it is beyond the scope of this work to adduce). The legend runs that a great many hundred years ago, their ancestors had dwelt in a far away country beyond the Father of Waters-the Mamasi Sipu, or Mis- sissippi-and near the wide sea, iu which the suu sank every night. They had, very long before the white men came to their country, traveled eastward, seeking a fairer land, of which their prophets had told them, and as they neared the western shore of the great. Missis- sippi they had met another mighty nation of men, of whose very existence they had been in ignorance. These people they say were the Mengwe or Iroquois, aud this was the first meeting of these two nations, destined to remaiu in the east for centuries as neighbors and ene- inies. They journeyed on together, neither in warfare nor friendship, but presently they found that they must unite their forces against a common enemy. East of the Father of Waters they discovered a race called the Al- legwi, occupying a vast domain, and not only stronger in number than themselves, but equally brave and more skilled in war. They had, indeed, fortified towns and numerous strong- holds. The Allegwi permitted a part of the emigrating nations to pass the border of their country, and having thus caused a division of their antagonists, fell upon them with great fury to annihilate them. But the main body of the allied Mengwe and Lenape rallying from the first shock, made resistance with such des- perate energy that they defeated the Allegwi,


and sweeping them forward as the wind does the dry leaves of the forest, they invaded the country, and during a long and bloody war won victory after victory, until they had not only eutirely vanquished, but well-nigh exterminated them. Their country, in which their earth fortifications remained the only reminder of the dispersed nation, was occupied by the victors. After this both the Mengwe and the Lenape ranged eastward, the former keeping to the northward, and the latter to the southward, until they reached respectively the Hudson and the Delaware, the latter of which they called the Lenape Wihittuck. Upon its banks, and in the wild region watered by its tributaries, they found the land they had journeyed in quest of from the setting sun. Whether ornot we believe as a whole this legend,1 it is a fact that the two nations were located as described when the first accurate knowledge of them was obtained by the whites.


The Iroquois usually called the Five Nations, because consisting of the confederated tribes of the Mohawks, Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas and Oneidas, becoming about 1712, by the in- corporation of the refugec Southern tribe of Tuscaroras, the Six Nations-were almost con- stantly at war with their neighbors the Lenape or Delawares.


The Delawares were divided into nations in much the same manucr as their northern ene- mies. Of these the most notable were the branches of the Turtle or Unamis, the Turkey or Unalachtgo, and the Wolf or Minsi (cor- rupted into Monsey). While the domain of the Delawares extended from the sea-coast between the Chesapeake and Long Island Sound back beyond the Susquehanna to the Alleghenies and northward to the hunting-grounds of the Iroquois, it scems not to have been regarded as the common country of the tribes, but to have been sct apart for them in more or less dis- tinctly-defined districts. The Unamis and Unalachtgo nations, subdivided into the tribes


1 By many this tradition of the emigration of the Lenni Lenape is believed to have a solid foundation in fact, and the Allegwi are regarded as being the Mound-Builders, whose vast works are numerous along the Mississippi, the Ohio, and their tributaries.


For the Branch of Susque Owego


ive


Chenango


Schocks prendi 'n Delaware


Popocton Branche


Popartunk Cr


HISTORICAL MAP OF NORTH EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA


Ostali


BAR


F16 Q


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Freek SUSQUEHANNA


Feb 21 st 1810


Tonand aist


782


Prepared Expressty for this Work.


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May 22 nd 1813


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6 PITTSTON 1;


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9 NEWPORT


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13 PLYMOUTH


14 KINGSTON


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15 SPRINGFIELO , BRADFORD Co .


16 CLAVERACK


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Sturnuet Holland


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Papagouck


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Custutunk or Custaaton Fois's. Setd by Con! Sets.


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Tarpinike to New York


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Jattle Sugor Cr


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TunkbanhookIp


Battle of Minisink


Lechawarseu


SU LÜL IVA


17Y1 Connecticut PeopleA settle two Townships, nante " Charteston " and "Judea.


Maheopeny


Bovinuns ()


wallinlepop


PIKE.


1800


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Skehandowiony


Mmasina Ia


Muncy 1797


Settlements 1712


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Fislany or Huntingdon Ci


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& Nescopocks


Ft.Jenkins


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Me Clures


Watlarissa 1


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Enudenluietten


Massacre 1155


Lizard Cr.


Pokcopos sanki


talking


173


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Hockun Jordan


Cont


Grangs Settle BwvpinsFort /1156


Eastonin


Lccháuwinnick Forles of the Delaware


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Allentown 7751


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Shamokin!


Delaware WaterGap Sackhouwatung LI.


Mar ?Vst.1772


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Fort at Lehigh Gap


195


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Northumberland


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Mar 11 th 17.32


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Battle IT'S


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Esaspip.ma


Wyatutimunk IT


Askanughney


Dance Village


1742


Loyalsock


spouse Meads


Gruung midian Furia


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Narrowsburg


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Division line between the Delavure & Susod


Asylum ITY.


Callicoon


Strawders


Oniononquago


Arbitrary Boundary Ling of the Walking Purchase of HISY claimed by the Prophetaries


SLY COMING


3


THE ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS.


of Assunpinks, Matas, Chichequaas, Shacka- maxons, Tuteloes, Nanticokes and many others, occupied the lower country toward the coast, while the more warlike tribe of the Minsi or Wolf, as Heckewelder informs us, " had ehosen to live baek of the other tribes, and formed a kind of a bulwark for their protection, wateh- ing the motions of the Mengwe, and being at hand to offer aid in ease of a rupture with them."


"The Minsi," continues the authority from whom we have quoted, " extended their settle- ments from the Minisink, a place (on the Delaware, in Monroe County) named after them, where they had their council-seat and fire, quite up to the Hudson on the east, and to the west and south far beyond the Susquehanna ; their northern boundaries were supposed originally to be the heads of the great rivers Susquehanna and Delaware, and their southern that ridge of hills known in New Jersey by the name of Muskaneeum, and in Pennsylvania by those of Lehigh, Coghnewago, ete. Within this bound- ary were their principal settlements, and even as late as 1742 they had a town with a peaeh- orehard on the tract of land where Nazaretlı was afterwards built, another on the Lehigh, and others north of the Blue Ridge, besides many family settlements 1 here and there scattered."


Thus the Minsi tribe were the chief aborigi- nal oceupants of the Delaware Country 2 and of the territory now ineluded within the bounds of the three counties which are the especial


provinee of this work, as well as of the country further south and on the east side of the river.


The Minsis were subdivided into elans, of which not all the names are known. There were the Manassings, the Wampings (who it is supposed were identical with the people who eame in time to be called the " Esopus Indians " and who had their chief residenee on the Hud- son in the vicinity of the town of Esopus), the Cashiegtonks and others. These elans were sometimes known by other names and some- times still further subdivided. A few families whose wigwams and cultivated grounds were in the vicinity of a stream or mountain took the name of such stream or mountain. Thus the titles of Lackawacksings, Navisings and Wau- wausings are occasionally found in old official documents.




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