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Gc 974.8 Sa14g 1830686
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01202 8285
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/germanpietistsof00sach_0
THE
1
ERMAN
IETISTS
OF
PROVINCIAL
Pa. ENNSYLVANIA
BY
JULIUS FRIEDRICH SACHSE
LIFE-MEMBER HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, PENNA-GERMAN SOCIETY, ETC.
1694-1708.
PHILADELPHIA : PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR 1895.
FRONTISPIECE.
THE ANCHORITE CELL OF KELPIUS.
NEGATIVE BY JULIUS F. SACHSE.
THE PIETISTS OF PROVINCIAL PENNSYLVANIA.
1830686
COPYRIGHT, 1895, BY JULIUS F. SACHSE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
1
Printed by P. C. STOCKHAUSEN, 53-55 N. 7th St., Philadelphia.
PART I. THE WOMAN IN THE WILDERNESS.
PART II. THE HERMITS ON THE WISSAHICKON.
APPENDIX.
P 518 .
Southern-
OF THIS LETTER PRESS EDITION FIVE HUNDRED COPIES HAVE BEEN PRINTED FOR SALE. No. 452.
Julius J. Sachse
November, 1895.
FOREWORD.
J N submitting this volume to the public, the writer ventures the opinion that it will prove an accep- table contribution to our local history. The annals of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia have for years past been conspicuous in the chronicles of the nation. There is, however, one particular in which they have been more or less deficient, viz., in the history of the early Germans who came to this country with the firm intent of founding a home in the new world for themselves and posterity, and who took so large a part in the formation of our great commonwealth.
The promise of liberty of conscience caused Pennsyl- vania, toward the close of the seventeeth century, to be- come the dream of the various religious sects and enthu- siasts then arisen in Germany, and at variance with the established orthodox church of their special divisions of the Fatherland. They longed for the religious freedom offered them in the Province of Penn, and gave shape to their desire in an extended emigration from Germany, fostered, as it were, by Benjamin Furly, the agent of Penn at Rotterdam. Thus arose the peculiar religious condition of the Province, and the establishment of the many differ- ent sects in the early period of our history. Some of these congregations, founded upon the tenets of true religion,
vi
Foreword.
have maintained their autonomy, and exist even to the present day, having increased with the growth of the country. Others, again, whose foundation was not so stable, or whose system of congregational government proved unsuitable to the changed conditions resulting from an increasing population, exist now only in tradition and history.
Conspicuous among the latter class is the Community of German Pietists, or true Rosicrucian Mystics, who came in a body to these shores in the year of grace 1694, under the leadership of Magister Johannes Kelpius, in the firm belief that the millennium was near.
To this body of religious enthusiasts the present volume is devoted. The influence exercised by them, coming, as it did, at the critical period when the Quaker hierarchy was rent with internal dissension, was of the greatest im- portance ; and to the efforts of individual members is due the honor of holding the first orthodox church services within the Province since it became Penn's domain.
It was through their efforts that the Church Party took heart, and, toward the close of the seventeenth century, perfected organizations which resulted in the establishment of congregations of the various Protestant denominations in Pennsylvania.
How their influence extended into neighboring colonies, and how one of their number was the first person to be ordained to the ministry in America for missionary pur- poses, is also shown in these pages. The text is amplified by several hundred foot-notes and illustrations. Where rare or unique books are quoted, a fac-simile of the title- page is given wherever possible. Another object has been to preserve every scrap of information bearing upon this interesting episode of Pennsylvania history. At the same
vii
Foreword.
time the greatest care has been taken to verify the old legends and traditions and trace them to an authentic source. The search for documentary information has been carried on over both continents, and no time or expense has been spared with pen, pencil and camera to make the volume exhaustive and complete.
Acknowledgements are due to Fredk. D. Stone, Litt. D., the learned librarian of the Historical Society of Pennsyl- vania, for advice and suggestions; to the Hon. Judge Samuel'W. Pennypacker, of Philadelphia, for the use of rare books and documents in his library ; to the Sesqui- Centennial Memorial Committee and the authorities of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem, for courtesies extended to the writer in his investigations; to the Reverend J. H. Sieker, pastor of St. Matthew's congregation in New York, for access to the old church records; to the Rev. Roswell Randall Hoes, for the use of his abstracts of S. P. G. Records ; and also to Albert Edmunds and the many other friends, at home and abroad, who in various ways have assisted the writer.
JULIUS FRIEDRICH SACHSE. Philadelphia, November, 1895.
LIST OF PLATES.
THE ANCHORITE CELL OF KELPIUS
Frontispiece.
RELICS OF THE GERMAN PIETISTS .
facing page IO
EFFIGY OF JOHANNES TAULER
48
ERICUS TOB : BIORCK (Portrait)
96
GOD'S PROTECTING PROVIDENCE (Fac-simile of title page) " 104
HOROLOGIUM ACHAZ 66 II2
SEEKING THE LAPIS PHILOSOPHORUM
I20
THE HERMIT'S GLEN ON THE WISSAHICKON
184
THE OLD MONASTERY 201
JOHANNES KELPIUS (Portrait) . ·
224
MAGISTER JOHANNES FABRICIUS (Altdorfinus)
232
PENNY POT HOUSE AND LANDING 272
CHRIST CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA (Prior to the Revolution) "
288
CHRIST CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA (Interior prior to the Revolution) . .
289
BREITENHAUPT HOUSE, NORDHEIM (Germany) .
296
GLORIA DEI (OLD SWEDES CHURCH), WICACOA . 360
MORAVIAN EVANGELISTS (Portraits) 400
ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH, GERMANTOWN
424
DE QUAAKERS VERGADERING
448
WILLIAM PENN (von Kneller portrait)
448
A SCENE IN OLD ROTTERDAM 456
A PAGE OF ROSICRUCIAN THEOSOPHY (Fac-simile) 472
CONTENTS.
PART I.
INTRODUCTION.
Sect People of Pennsylvania. Heirlooms. Pietistic Sects. Unitas Fratrum. Sources of Information. Rosicrucian Theosophy .
1-10
THE EXODUS FROM THE FATHERLAND.
The "Sara Maria." The Embarkation .
II-12
THE VOYAGE TO AMERICA.
Kelpius' Diary. The Start from Holland. Falkner's Mis- sive. Perils of the Journey. Miraculous Delivery from Shipwreck. The Final Start. Instructions for Sailing. A Fight at Sea. Capes of Virginia. End of the Voyage. 13-27
THE ARRIVAL IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The Blue Anchor Tavern. Entrance into Philadelphia, Visit to the Lieutenant Governor. The "Sonnenwend- feuer." Arrival at Germantown ·
28-36
THE CHAPTER OF PERFECTION. Theory of Mystic Numbers. Leaders of the Party. The Perfect Number. Rosicrucian Symbolism . 37-42
GERARD CROESE.
Quakeriana. John Jacob Zimmermann. Appeal to Benja- min Furly. The German Pietists. Teutonists. Jacob Boehme
43-48
THE PIETISTS IN GERMANY
Spener. Collegia Pietatis. Johannes Tauler. Erfurth. August Hermann Francke. Royal Edicts. Expulsion from Erfurth. Halle Institutions. Essentia dulcis. Spread of Pietism. Expulsion of Francke. Mystical Symbols. Elenora von Merlau. Kabbalistic Philosophy. Rosicru- cian Epitome . 49-64
x
Contents.
IN THE NEW WORLD.
The Religious Situation. Lutheran Services. The Augs- burg Confession. Christian Quakers. English Services. Keithians. Heinrich Bernhard Köster. Episcopal Ser- vices. Rev. Jacob Fabritius. The Tabernacle in the Forest. The "Sternwarte." Ravine of the Wissahickon. The Cave in the Hillside. Daniel Falkner. Mühlenberg's Tribute. Rosicrucian Theosophy 65-77
THE WOMAN IN THE WILDERNESS.
.
Evangelical Union. Doctor Schotte. The Celestial Eve. The "Contented of the God-loving Soul." The Har- binger in the Skies. Motus Puta Intrinsecus. Educa- tional Movements 78-83
A RIVAL COMMUNITY.
Köster's Ministrations. Keithian Complications. The Brethern in America. Irenia. The House of Peace. Controversy. "De Resurrectione Imperii ÆEternitatus." A Unique Title. The Coming of the Lord . 84-92
AN EMISSARY TO THE OLD WORLD.
Arrival of Swedish Missionaries. Service" at Wicacoa. Visit to Kelpius. "A Poetical Thanksgiving." Arrival of Rev. Thomas Clayton. Philadelphiac Society. Daniel Falkner's Return to Europe. "Curieuse Nachricht" · 93-99
REYNIER JANSEN.
Moral Jewel Caskets. A German Prayer-book. The Jan- sen Tradition. The Second Press in Pennsylvania. Jansen- ites. Jansen Press in Amsterdam. Satan's Harbinger Encountered. A Provincial Proclamation. Death of Reynier Jansen 100-IOS
THE DIVINING ROD AND HOROSCOPE.
Zimmermann's Deductions. Hermetic Studies. The Menstrum Universale. Cabbala and Apocalypse. Divin- ing Rod. Casting of Nativities. Horologium Achaz. Ancient Traditions. Phlebotomy. Barber-chirurgeon. Cometo-Scopia · 109-119
LOCAL SUPERSTITIONS.
The Mystic Seal. Zauber-zettel. Wunder-sigel. Old Shrunk .
. 120-124
Contents. xi
THE MYSTIC ON THE WISSAHICKON.
Abel Noble. "Noah's Dove." "A Little Olive Branch." The Mumford Letter. Kelpius' Mysticism Defined. Quie- tists. Man or Macrocosm. Stephen Mumford . . 125-138
RETURN OF DANIEL FALKNER.
Peter Schäffer. Departure of Köster. Gloria Dei at Wicacoa. Return of Falkner. The Frankfort Land Company . 139-146
CLOSE OF THE FIRST DECADE.
Matthäi and Witt. Quakerism. William Penn's Second Visit. Services at Germantown. Penn and the Indian Chief. A Curious Legend. A Supernatural Visitor. The Laurea. Andreas Sandel. English Superstition. Tribute to Pastor Rudman. Civil Affairs. Justus Falkner. Return of Keith. Trinity Church, Oxford 147-160
VISITS OF SABBATARIANS.
The Rodgerines. A Jansen Imprint. Samuel Bownas. A Rhode Island Deputation. The Westerly Records. William Davis. "Jesus the Crucifyed Man." The Fame of Kelpius . 161-166
ATTORNEY AND BAILIFF.
Daniel Falkner. As Attorney. The Original Document. Board of Property. William Penn. The Old Germantown Record Book . 167-175
THE DECLINE OF THE COMMUNITY.
Falkner's Swamp. Abandonment of the Sternwarte. "A Loving Moan." Missive to Hester Palmer. The "Three fold Wilderness State." " The Fruitful Wilderness." "The Barren Wilderness." "The Elect of God." "A Comfor- table Song" . . . . 176-192
THE HERMITS ON THE RIDGE.
The Sprogel Brothers. The Books of the Community. Christ Church Library. Magister Seelig. Conrad Mat- thai. The Separatists. Conrad Beissel. Michael Wohl- farth. Arrival of Zinzendorf. The First Pennsylvania Synod. Evangelical Alliance. Fresenius. The Monas- tery on the Wissahickon. The Camp of the Solitary. Ephrata MSS. The Changes of Two Centuries . 193-204
xii
Contents.
.
THE LOCATION OF THE TABERNACLE.
Thomas Fairman's Gift. Vicaris Tract. Righter Ferry. Oldest Map of Germantown. After Two Hundred Years. Phoebe Righter. Evan Prowattain. The Hermitage Grounds. Glen in the Forest. Hessian Camp. Mora- vian Records. Fairmount Park . . 205-215
PART II.
MAGISTER JOHANNES KELPIUS.
. Services in Pennsylvania. Sievert's Nachrichten. Ante- cedents of the Magister. Father and Brothers. Studies at Altdorf. Graduates. Learned Thesis. Magister Fa- bricius. Literary Works. Chapter of Perfection. George Kelp. Kelp von Sternberg. Diary. Greeting to Rev. Biörck. Missive to Fabricius. Penn and the Indian Chief. "Restitution of all Things." Calivius. Anglican Faith. Metemptosis. Knorr von Rosenroth. "Voice of Hidden Love." "The Bitter Sweet Night Ode." "Colloquim of the Soul." "A Loving Moan." Personal Description. Christian Warmer. Mysterious Casket. Death of the Magister. Whittier's Pennsylvania Pilgrim . 219-250
HENRICH BERNHARD KÖSTER.
Labors in America. Establishes Church Services. His Youth. As Pedagogue. Translates the Old Testament. Refuses a Lucrative Appointment. Erudition of Köster. Rathhelf's Account of Köster. The Founding of Christ Church in Philadelphia. Preaches to English, Welsh and Germans. Quaker Opposition to Lutherans. Persecu- tions of Swedish Lutherans in Philadelphia. First German Book Printed in America. Yearly Meeting at Burlington. Demand of the Keithians. Exortation of Köster. Printed Account. The Friends' Side. Keithian vs. Orthodox. Public Baptism by Köster. Administers the Eucharist. Pastorius' "Rebuke." Fac-simile of Title. Outcome of the Controversy. Rev. Thomas Bray. Arrival of Rev. Thomas Clayton. Dedication of Christ Church. Evan Evans. Titles of Books. Mystery of the Triad. Köster's Decachordon. Nordheim. Enters the Lutheran Orphan- age at Hanover. Death and Burial .
. 251-298
xiii
Contents.
DANIEL FALKNER.
Impressions of the New World. His Character. Religi- ous Ancestors. Lectures at Erfurth. Spener and Falkner. Excommunication by Köster. Anna Maria Schuckart. Prophetess of Erfurth. The Three Ecstatic Maidens. Charitable Bequest. Furly to Falkner. Attorney for Furly and Frankfort Company. Superceeds Pastorius. Elected Bailiff. Johann Jawert. Perfidity of Sprogel. Climax of the Conspiracy. Captain Vinings' Report. Falkner Swamp. First German Lutheran Church. Removes to New Jersey. Ari Van Guinea. Pastor of Lutheran Churches. Ancient Subscription List. Caspar Stöver. Church Dedication. Rev. William Berkenmeyer. Church Council. John August Wolff. Retirement of Pastor Falkner ·
· . 299-334
JOHANN GOTTFRIED SEELIG.
Sketch of. Bosom Friend of Kelpius. Magister of the Community. Resigns in favor of Conrad Matthäi. Intro- duces Bookbinding into Pennsylvania. An Ephrata Tradi- tion. Patriarch Mühlenberg's Tribute to Seelig's Piety. Retires to Cabin on Levering Farm. Visited by Moravian Missionaries. Death and Burial. His Magic Staff. Will and Inventory
. 355-340
DOMINIE JUSTUS FALKNER
Birth and Parentage. Earliest Record of. Studiosis at Halle. Biörck on Falkner. Rev. Francke. Composes Spiritual Hymns. "Auf ihr Christen," fac-simile. Popu- larity of Falkner's Hymns. Appointed Attorney by Ben- jamin Furly of Rotterdam. Arrives in Pennsylvania. Appears in Court in Furly's behalf. Elected Burgess of Germantown. Dominie Rudman Proposes Justus Falk- ner as Pastor for New York. The Call. Acceptance. Ordained at Gloria Dei. Description of the Service. Rudman as Suffragan. Invocation. Consecration. Certifi- cate of Ordination signed on the Altar. Journey to New York. Accepts the Charge. The old "Kercken-Boeck." Entry and Invocation. Serves Churches in the Hudson Valley and New Jersey. Condition of Churches. Appeals for Aid. Troublesome Times. Disputes with Calvinists. Publishes the first Orthodox Lutheran Text Book in America. Falkner's Orthodoxy. Extent of Missionary
xiv
Contents.
Field. Rev. Josua Kocherthal. Personal Notices. Old Church Register. Fac-simile of Title Page. Church Papers. Doop Register. Entries and Votum. First Communicants. An Indian Baptism. Marriage of Dom- inie Falkner. Arduous Duties. Correspondence. Last Records. Death. In Memoriam . 341-385
CONRAD MATTHÄI.
Conspicuous about Germantown. Portrait. Magus on the Wissahickon. Succeeds Seelig. Counsels Beissel. Camp of the Solitary. Espouses Cause of the Eckerlings. Reconciliation with Father Friedsam. White Magic. A ' Psychological Experiment. John Bechtel. Bishop Cam- merhoff. Visits from Moravian Evangelists and Converts. Attends a Pennsylvania Synod. Serious Condition. An Impressive Service. Death and Burial. Chronicon
Ephretense. A Moravian Tribute
.
. 386-401
DOCTOR CHRISTOPHER WITT.
The last of the Mystics. Christian Warmer, Doctor of Physic and Chirurgene. Widow Zimmermann. Estab- lishes first Botanical Garden in America. John Bartram. Peter Collinson. Dr. Witt as Botanist. Interesting Cor- respondence. Mechanical Ingenuity. Clockmaking. Musical Instruments. Great Comet of 1743. Hexenmeister of Germantown. Superstitions. The "Teufels-bursche." Signature to Will. William Yates. Death. Curious Burial Custom. Charitable Bequest . 402-418
THE ROMANCE OF SPOOK HILL.
The Warmer Graveyard. Location. List of Burials. Ghostly Legends. Moravian Burial-ground in Germantown. Old Legends. A Weird Story. Dr. Witt. Mount Misery. Reservation of the Ground. A Desolate Spot. The Morris Family. Deed of Gift. St. Michael's Church. Consecration. The Old Mulberry Tree. A Glorious Monument · 419-430
4
APPENDIX.
BENJAMIN FURLY.
Birth and Marriage, Zeal for Quakerism. Records of. "You to Many, and Thou to One." Publishes Quaker Books. Appeal to Burgomasters of Rotterdam. William Penn. Visit to Holland and Germany. Furly as Inter- preter. "Het Christenrijk ten Oordeel." John Locke. Makes Suggestions to Penn. The First Protest Against Negro Slavery in America. Pastorius. Promotes first German Emigration to Pennsylvania. Publishes Descrip- tion of Province in Dutch and German. Landed Interests. Reynier Jansen. Appoints Falkner as Attorney. Thomas Lawrence. Sells the Land to Jacobus van de Walle. Correspondence with Locke. Renounces Quakerism. Bibliography. Von Uffenbach's Visit. Bibliotheca Fur- liana. Phillipus Limborch. Personal Appearance. Curious Map of Pennsylvania. The Sons of Furly. His Tomb in the Groote Kirk 433-459
MAGISTER JOHANN JACOB ZIMMERMANN.
Sketch of. Expulsion from Würtemberg. Difficulty in Tracing. Ambrossii Sehmanni. Johannis Matthaeus. Erudition of the Magister. Astronomical Calculations. Mundus Copernizans. Jacob Boehme. Old Church at Beitigheim. Astrology and Magic. Accused of Heresy. Bibliography. Descendents in America · . 460-472
DOMINIE ANDREAS RUDMANN.
Studies under Dr. Svedberg. Selected as Missionary to Pennsylvania. Biorck and Auren. King Charles XI. Contribution and Dismissal. Condition of the Province. Supplies Christ Church, Philadelphia. Radnor and Oxford. Quaker Intollerance. Persecution of Lutherans. Pro- ceedings before Council. Trials of the Early Missionary. Gratuity from London. His last Letter. Burial at Wica- coa. Epitaph. Renewal of Quaker Intollerance. San- del vs. Chambers. Final Proceedings before the Provin- cial Council . · 472-483
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
PAGE
Theosophical MSS., votum I
Pennsylvania (1694) Seal I
Arndt's Wahres Christenthum, Title . 3
Paradis-Gärtlein, Title 4
Unitas Fratrum, Seal .
5
Thauleri Predigten
6
Ephrata Relics .
8
Rosicrucian MSS., Title 9
Arms of Commonwealth, 1894 IO
Theosophical MSS., votum II German Empire (1694), Arms. II
Pietistical Emblem of Christ . 12
Kelpius' Diary, votum 13
William Penn, Arms . 13
Kelpius' Diary, page I 14
Falkner's Send-Schriben, title. 15 Philadelphischen Societät, title 16
Ship "Sara-Maria" 20
Will. Allen, Autograph 21
Naval Trophies 25
Map, Chesapeake and Delaware 26 Laus-Deo, Emblem 27
A and O, heading . 28 Philadelphia (1701) Seal 28
William Penn, Autograph
28
Blue Anchor Tavern . 29
Governor Fletcher, Autograph 31
Seal 31
William Markham, Autograph Penn's Cottage . 33
32
Theosophical Symbol
36
Prima Materia, Symbol .
37
Essenes, Symbol .
37
Rosicrucian MSS., folio 7
41
Heading, Mystic
43
Holland (1693) Arms .
43
Würtemberg (1693) Arms . 44
Croese Quakeriana, Title 45 United Netherlands, Arms . 48
Monogram of Christ, Greek . 49
Erfurth, Episcopal Seal . . 49 Phillip Jacob Spener, Portrait . 50
Phillip Jacob Spener, Auto- graph 51 Erfurth (1693) Arms 51 Collegium Pietatis in Session . 53
Edict of Denmark, Title 54 Edict of Charles XI, Title . 54 Historia von Erffurth, Title . 55
Aug. Hermann Francke, Por- trait . 56
Aug. Hermann Francke, Auto- graph 58
Merlau, Mystical Chart . 60
61
Glaubens-Gespräch, Title 61 Pietistical Faith, Epitome 63 Unaltered Augsburg Confes- sion, Title . 66
Germantown, Seal of, 1691 65
Ancient Telescope 71 Rosicrucian Symbol 72 Keith's Catechism, Title, 1690 75
Rosicrucian MSS. 24th folio 76 Ephrata Community, Symbol 77
Astrological Emblem 77
The Woman in the Wilder- ness 78
Abgenöthigter Bericht, Title,
1739
79
Celestial Eve, Emblem .
80
Broadside, illustrating Apoca-
lypse
82
Illustrations.
xvii
PAGE
Mithra, Symbol 83
Prima Materia, Symbol . 84
Esoteric Symbol 86
Rosicrucian Symbol 86
A Sophar . 89
De Resurrectione imperii, Title 90 Holy Lamp of Tabernacle 91
Hermes, Ancient Emblem . 91
Cabbala, Symbol .
92
Ephrata Pilgrim, Symbol 93
Philadelphiac Symbol 96
"Curieuse 'Nachricht," Title 98
Ancient Lamp 99
Ephrata Hand-press
100
Moral Texts
IOI
Schatz-Kästlein with Sprüche . 102
Schrift-mässige Anweisung,
Title . 103
Comprehensive Method of
Prayer, Title . 104
Proclamation Broadside
107
Headpiece, The Astrologer
109
Old Horoscope . 109 Scriptura S : Copernizans, Title 110 Comet-stern 1682, Title . . . 118 The Jansen (Amsterdam) press 119 Zauberzettel . I20
Astrological Charm . I20
. 121
Artabel . I22
Tritheim Zettel .
123
Magic Signet
124
On the Sternwarte
125
Seal of Solomon
125
Macrocosm appearing to Dr. Faustus I33
Astrological Chart I38
Gloria Dei, A. D. 1700
139
Mythraic Symbol .
139
Amsterdam,
259
Gloria Dei, 1895
143
Phallic Emblem
146
Light from Darkness 147
PAGE
Great Seal of Province, 1699 . 147 obverse 159
An Aerial Apparation . 152 Old Germantown Horoscope . 155 Relic . . . 160
Connecticut Seal of, A. D. 1700 161 "Jesus the Crucifyed Man," Title . 165
Frankfort on the Mayn, Arms 167 Sweden, Arms of, A.D. 1700 . 176 Allegorical Representation of all Faiths 182
Rhode Island, Seal of 192 Ephrata Community, Seal of . 193 The Tabernacle in the Forest . 204 Cave of Kelpius, 1894 . 205 Oldest Map of Germantown . 208 Contour Map of Community
Tract
· 209
Germantown, Seal
215
Kelpius' Autograph .
219
Clover Blossoms, Tailpiece
215
Mystic Seal of the Community 216 Kelp von Sternberg, Arms . . 219 Seal, Royal Library, Stuttgart 223 Fac-simile of Biörck Letter . 228 Kelpius' Hymn Book, Title . 236 Kelpius' Hymn Book, German
Page
238
Kelpius' Hymn Book, English
Page
. 242
Christian Warner, Autograph 245 Daniel Geissler, 246
Symbol, "Fire and Water " . 248
German Society, Seal of 249
Chur-Brandenburg, Arms 251
Rotterdam, Arms 258
Magdeburg,
258
Friends Meeting at Burlington 269
Ancient Pewter Chalice . .
. 277
Pastorius' "Rebuke," Title . 281
xviii
Illustrations.
PAGE
Bishop Compton, Portrait . 286 Köster's Harmonie, Title . . 293
Köster's Harmonie, Mystic
Chart 295
Hanover, Arms 296
Nordheim
297
Köster's Harmonie, Fac-simile 298
Daniel Falkner, Autograph . 299
Falkner's Send-schreiben, Fac- simile 299
Erfurth, Arms of, A. D. 1895 · 302
' Old University . 303
Street View . 305
Signatures on an Old Deed
307
Pastorius, Autograph
. 308
Benjamin Furly, Autograph
309
Address · 309
Pastorius vs. Falkner, Fac- simile · 310
Jawert's Letter . 313
John Henry Sprogel, Auto-
graph 315
Andreas Sandel · 320
West Jersey, Seal .
· 323
Falkner's Subscription List, Fac-simile . 327 Berkenmeyer Diary, Fac-simile 333 Chur-Braunschweig, Arms . . 335 Justus Falkner, Autograph . 341 Chur-Sachsen, Arms . 341 Justus Falkner as Student 342
Dissertatio Gradualis, Title . 343 " Auf ihr Christen," Fac-simile 345 Zionitischer Weyrauchs Hügel,
Title . 346
East Jersey, Seal 350
Rudmann's Entry in Church
Register 352
Signatures to Ordination Cer- tificate . 360 Falkner's First Entry in Church Register . 362
PAGE
Official Signature of Dominie
Falkner . 363
Seal of New York, A. D. 1703 . 364 "Grondlycke Ondericht " Title 368 Fac-simile of First Printed Hymn . 370
Kercken-Boeck, Title page
375
Earliest
Baptismal Record,
Fac-simile .
377
First Communicants, Fac-
simile
383
Ancient Dutch House
386
Chur-Pfaltz
388
.
Conrad Matthäi, Portrait
. 389
Arms of Penn, 1723
402
Christopher Witt, Autograph . 403
Christopher Witt, Signature to
Will .
. 415
The Warner Tombs . 419 Entrance to Old Spook Hill . 420 A Colonial Doorway . 429
Ancient Dutch Headpiece . · 433
Royal Arms of Holland . 433
Benjamin Furly, Signature . . 434 " A Battle-Door," Title . . . 436 "Het Christenrijk Ten Oor- deel," Title 441
John Locke, Autograph . 442
Sidney's Goblet
442
Furly's Anti-Slavery Clause,
Fac-simile .
444
Dutch Description of Pennsyl-
vania, Title 446
German Description of Penn- sylvania, Title · 447
Würtemberg, Arms 1689 460 Old Church at Beitigheim . 465 An Old Spinning Wheel · 472 Axel Oxensteirn, Autograph and Seal 473
Gustavus Adolphus, Autograph 481 Finis . 484
D.O .M.A.
INTRODUCTION.
MERCI
O subject of local his- tory offers a greater field for study to the historical student, or is of greater interest to the gen- eral public than that of the so-called "Sect" people of provincial Pennsylvania.
By the term "Sect" people, as applied to early emigrants to this State, are to be under- stood such communities or SEAL OF THE PROVINCE 1694. bodies of German emigrants as left their native land for conscience sake, or were driven out by bigoted persecution, and who, either prior to their departure or shortly after their arrival in this country, for religious or social reasons formed distinct communities or congregations in the New World, keeping themselves dis- tinct and separate from their dissenting countrymen as well as from their English-speaking neighbors.
These people on account of the adherence to their native tongue, unostentatious mode of life, frugality, and peculiar religious ceremonies,-devout and loyal as they were,-
D. O. M. A .- From title page of Theosophical manuscript ; abbrevia- tion of Deo Optimo Maximo Altissimo.
2
The Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania.
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