USA > Pennsylvania > The German Pietists of provincial Pennsylvania : 1694-1708 > Part 30
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His house became the rendezvous of such learned men as Leclerc, Limborchi, Algernon Sidney, Edward Clarke and Locke, and his library, with its wealth of manuscripts and rare imprints, was one of more than local reputation, being frequently quoted and consulted by littèrateurs from different parts of Europe, two notable instances of which were the
449 From the records at Rotterdam it appears that down to 1672 he lived in the Scheepmakershaven ; from 1672 to 1693 on the north side of the Wynstraat ; 1693-1709 on the Wynhaven, whence in 1709 he removed to the large house wherein he died on the Haaringvliet, and which is still standing. Present number 48.
450 The " Haaringvliet " is one of the numerous basins or canals that form the harbor of Rotterdam.
451 "Quaker Historia," p. 645.
435
Zeal for Quakerism.
visits of Ludolph Küster and Zacharias von Uffenbach, accounts of which have been preserved. Benjamin Furly also took an active interest in the religious questions of the day, taking the side of the Separatists, as opposed to the established churches, and his home in Rotterdam upon frequent occasions was the scene of devotional meetings at which George Fox, Keith, William Penn and others were prominent participators.
At an early age he became convinced of the Quaker doc- trine, and became one of the most active champions of that Society upon the Continent. He was a prolific author, writing with equal facility in English, German, Dutch and French.
His zeal in the doctrine he had embraced is attested by the publication of his numerous controversial writings, together with those of Fox and Penn, which were trans- lated by him and printed at his expense.
Furly afterwards became the chief agent of William Penn on the Continent for the sale of his newly acquired lands in America. His wife having died in 1691, he married, 452 on December 10, 1693, Susanna Huis, the widow of one Jacobus van der Lijt. 453
Benjamin Furly died March, 1714, in the seventy-eighth year of his age, and was buried, as befitted a man of his standing and wealth, in a tomb (No. 175) in the centre aisle of the St. Laurentius or Groote Kerk, formerly the cathedral church of Rotterdam.454 Four children are known
452 Benjamin Furly was married both times at the Stadhuis or town hall of Rotterdam. The banns for both marriages were, however, read in the Groote Kirk by permission of the clergy prior to the ceremony .- Church Records of the Gemeente, Rotterdam.
453 " Archief der Gemeente," Rotterdam.
45+ " Rotterdamisch Jaarboekje," vol. ii, p. 114.
436
The Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania.
to have survived their father,-Benjohan, John, Arent and a daughter Dorothy ; all, presumably, issues by the first marriage.
It has been questioned whether Benjamin Furly became a Quaker before or after his settlement in Holland. We A Battle-Door FOR TEACHERS & PROFESSORS TO LEARN Singular & Plural, Ton to Many, and Tbox to One: Singular One, Tbox . Plural Many, You know that he was a man of marked and peculiar religious views, and that from his first arrival in Holland he was in sympathy with the Wherein is thewed forth by Grammar, or Scripture Examples, how feveral Nations and People have made a difunction between Singular and Plural. And firft, In the former part of this Book, Called The English Battle Deor, may be feen how feveral People have Spoken Singular and Plural; As the Apharfathkites, the Tarpetites, the Apharfises, the Arcbe estes, the Babylonians, the Sufansbites, the Debourtes, the Elamites, the Temavites, the Naomites, the Shuster, the Buzzies, the Moabites, the Hi- vites, the Edomites, the Philifines, the Amalekites, the Sodomites, the Hittites, the Midianiter, de. so-called Separatists; and from the fact that members of his im- mediate family in Alfo, In this Book is fet forth Examples of the Singular and Plural about Thew, and Tow, in feveral Languages, divided into difting Battle Doors, or Formes, or Examples; Englifo, Latine, Italiax, Greek, Hebrew Caldee, Syriack, Arabick, Perfeck, Esbropick, Samaritan, Coptich, or Egyptich, Armenian, Saxon, Welch, Mence, Cornifb, French, Spanish, Portugal, High-Dutch, Low-Daich, Danih, Bohemian , Slavonian And how Emperors and others have ufed the Singular word to One, and how the word Tou time Girft from the Pope. England were among the early followers of George Fox, it is Likewife Some Examples, in the Polon.an, Lithuanian, Irib and East-Indian, together with the Singular and Plural words, then and you, in Swedish, Turkifb, Mufcuuram, and Curlandian, tongues. probable that he was convinced prior to the latter part of this Book are contained feverall bad unfavoury Words, gathered forth of certain School-Books, which have been taught Boyes in England, which is a Rod and a Whip to the School-Mafters in England and elfewhere who teach fuch Books lis immigration to Holland.
George. Fox. John Stabs. Benjamin Furley
LONDON, Printed for Købert Wilfon, and are to be fold at his Shop at the Signe of the Black-Spread-Eagleand Wind mil in Martini le Grand, 1660.
FAC-SIMILE OF THE TITLE PAGE OF GEORGE FOX'S " BATTLE-DOOR."
According to a Dutch account, it would appear, how- ever, that he did not
join the Society of Friends until after his residence in Rot- terdam. If this be true, it must have been prior to the years 1659-60, as in those years he, together with Jolin Stubs, assisted in the compilation of George Fox's
" Battle-door for Teachers & Professors to learn Singular & Plural : You to Many, and Thou to One : Singular One, Thou ; Plural Many, You."
437
" You to Many, and Thou to One."
It was a folio of fifty-seven sheets, printed in thirty lan- guages, of which, among others, his grandson says that the Chaldee, Syriac, Welsh, and French portions were written by Furly. 455 Croese, in his " Historia Quakeriana," distinctly states that " Benjamin Furly had this clever and ingenious work printed at great expense, and that Fox, although he knew of these thirty tongues but a single one, yet poses as the author." George Fox, in his journal, mentions that this work was finished in 1661, and that Benjamin Furly took great pains in compiling it.
During the next fifteen years Benjamin Furly published a number of controversial works in the interest of the Quakers, prominent among which may be named the following :
" De Eere des Werelds ontdekt, en om desselfs onnuttig- heids ende onprofijtelyksheid wille verworpen, Ende de Eere, die van God alleen komt, bevestigt, en un't werk gestelt. Ofte Eenige Redenen, waarom het Volk Gods, Quakers genaamt, verzaken het gewoonlyke Eerbewys, ende de Groetingen des Werelds . . .. Door een Vriend der Waarheid, dewelke geen Aannemer der Persoouen is. B. F(urly) Genaams en een Quaker . . . Rotterdam by Henricus Goddaeus . .. 1662."
"Die Sachie Christ und seines Volks." (German.) (The Cause of Christ and His People Justified.) By W. Ames. The large preface is by B. Furly. 4to, 1662.
"The Light upon the Candlestick." By W. Amnes. The English translation is by Furly. 4to, 1663.
" The World's Honor detected &c. By a Friend to Truth who is no respecter or regarder of persons, called a Quaker." B. F[urly]. 4to, 1663.
455 " Original Letters," etc. Preface, p. 79.
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The Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania.
"John Philley's Arraignment of Cristendome." Printed and published by B. Furly. 4to, 1664.
"Eine Beschirmunge d'unschuldigen," etc. (Dutch.) By Wm. Caton, with a postscript by Benjamin Furly. 4to, 1664.
"Copye van eenen Brief: geschreven aen seeckeren Vriend, over syn Ghevoel en Oordeel, Dat alle de gene, die niet en gebruycken de uytterlycke Instellingen van Doop ende Avondmael, Kerck-gang &c. niet en zyn geleyd door den Geest Gods, maer door eenen Dwael-geest . . . Door B. F(urly) Gedruckt voor den Autheur, in't Jaer 1666."
" A Recantation by Benjamin Furly. Given in Rott [er- dam] in 1669." (This is in relation to the hat controversy.)
"Anthoniette Bourignon ontdeckt, door B. Furly, ende haeren Geest geopenbaert uyt haere Druckten," etc. (Dutchi) 4to, 1671.456
"The Universal Free Grace of the Gospel asserted," etc. By George Keith. (Part by B. Furly.) 4to, 1671.
"A Letter to George Whitehead, about the Hat Contro- versy." 8vo, 1673.
" Forderung der Christenheit für Gericht, den weder- legger wederlegt door B. Furly." 457 n. d.
"Copye van een Missive uyt London, geschrievan door William Penn. Aen Burgermeesteren en Raadt der Stad Embden. En haar in de Latynsche en Duytsche Talen in Geschrifte toegesonden (in d. 24 Dec. 1674). En nu tot Opmerkinge van alle menschen, sonderling de Mach- ten der Aarde, en de Predikers, door den Druckgemeen gemaakt Ten eynde by haar eens soude mogen werden overwogen het schadelyke gevolg van die Gronden diemen leyt tot vervolginge van andere menschen, om de saken van
456 A second edition is noted in the "Bibliotheca Furliana," p. 84. No. 932. 457 Title from "Bibliotheca Furliana."
439
Appeal to the Burgomasters.
den Gods-dienst, enz Rotterdam, Pieter van Wynbrugge . . . 1675." 458 12 blz.
"Met een voorrede van den vertaler, Benjamin Furly, gedagt Rotterd. 18, Febr. 1675."
In the Archives of Rotterdam there is preserved a docu- ment written in Hollandese, in which Furly, together with Symon Jansz Vettekeücken, makes the following appeal to the burgomasters and regents of Rotterdam for the protection of the Quakers who were then holding meetings in that city. This interesting document, in the handwriting of Benjamin Furly, is dated July 8, 1675, and was photo- graphed by the writer during the past summer,-1894.
TRANSLATION.
"To the Burgomasters and Regents of the City of Rotterdam:
" The people of God, mockingly called Quakers, who have taken up their residence in this City, cannot refrain from inaking known, with christian respect, unto you, as Magistrates of this City, that now twice, to wit ;- yesterday, within and without their regular meeting place, where they come together to wait in silence upon the Lord, Psalm 62, 2. they have been treated and handled with vio- lence and annoyance by divers sort of men, not only young but also of greater age, which is so publicly known that the thrown-in window-panes and the broken doors and benches are clear witnesses thereof. All the which they make known unto you not so much for anxiety for their persons and goods, as they well know that the same God is living yet, and shall live unto eternity, who Job 38. II. hatlı set limits to the sea and hath said hitherto shalt thou come but no further, and who can prevent the
458 A missive by William Penn. Translation, with a large preface and conclusion, by Benjamin Furly. 4to, 1675.
440
The Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania.
Psalm 2. 1, 4. raging of the people when it pleases him : but to avoid thereby the blame, such things having befallen them, of not having made known the same to you, for your discretion, and above all for the mani-
Matt : 6. 2, 12. festation of God in your consciences which dictates to every one to do unto othiers as he would have otliers to do unto him, because with what ineas-
Eccles : 10, 8, 9. ure he inetes, it shall be measured to him again. In the name of all signed by us
" BENJAMIN FFURLY ..
" SYMON JANSZ VETTEKEUCKEN
" At Rotterdam the 8th day of the Month which one calles July, 1675."
When, two years later, Penn, accompanied by Robert Barclay, George Fox, Keith and others199 made his cele- brated tour through Germany and Holland, it was this same Benjamin Furly who met them upon their landing.
George Fox records that the party was becalined when a league from the shore, and that William Penn and Robert Barclay, understanding that Benjamin Furly was to come from Rotterdam to the Briel to meet them, got two of the sailors to lower a small boat and row them ashore; but before they could reach it, the gates were closed, and there being no house without the gates, they were forced to lie in a fisher's boat all night. As soon as the gates were opened in the morning they entered and found Benjamin Furly, who brought them to Briel, where the Friends received them with " great gladness." 460
459 The party, in addition to the three named, consisted of John Furly, a brother of Benjamin Furly, of Rotterdam, G. Watts, William Tallcoat, Isabella Yeomans and Elizabeth Keith .- Journal of William Penn.
400 Penn in his Journal mentions Aaron Sonneman, S. Johnson and [Symon Jansz ?] Vettekeücken as being among the number, vide " Penna. Mag.," vol. ii, p. 249.
44I
Penn's Visit to Holland.
The party arrived at Rotterdam on the same day, Satur- day, July 28, 1677. The next day-First day (Sunday)- two religious meetings were held at the house of Furly, who them lived in the Wynstraat, the latter and John Claus acting as interpreters. The next fortnight was spent in visits to various towns in Holland. On the 7th of August the company divided up into two parties, when Het CHRISTENRIJK TEN Keith, Barclay and Penn OORDEEL gedagvaart. left the others at Ainster- dam and set out towards Germany, where, as Fox Eentedere beforekinge in de Liefde Gods. an alle die gene die een begeerte hebben om.Godte kennen en hemin Waarheyd en Opregugheyd aan te bidden, van wat Selle. of foort van Godsdienst de felve zouden mögen wefen states in his journal, "they traveled many hundred miles, and had good ser -. Een Mifive aan alle die gene. die, onder de belyders der Chti ftelijkheyd, afgefondert zijn van defichtbare Sellen. en uyterlijke Gemeenten. vice for the Lord," Benja- min Furly going with EN Een Miffive aan'al die genc. die gevoelig zijn van den dag harer befcekinge them and acting as inter- preter for the party, and Alles in d'Engelle- Tale geschreven door WILLIAM PENN. En daar uyt overgefet. upon that occasion was largely instrumental in in- fluencing the Germans in favor of Penn. It is fur- Tot ROTTERDAM Gedrukt voor JAN PIETERSZ GROENWOUT. Boekverkooper, wonende op het Spauy 167 8 ther a matter of record that Furly remained with FAC-SIMILE OF THE DUTCH TITLE-PAGE OF PENN'S TRACTS, ORIGINAL IN THE "ARCHIEF DER GEMEENTE," ROTTERDAM. Penn and Keith during their entire stay on the Continent. Towards the close of this memorable pilgrimage, four tracts of an exhortative character were written by Penn,461 designed for distribution among the Separatists in Germany and Holland. These tracts were revised and translated by Benjamin Furly, and printed at his expense after Penn's departure. The German titles are as follows :
461 "Penn. Mag.," vol. ii, p. 276.
56
442
The Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania.
4
" Forderung der Christenheit für Gericht." (A Call to Christendom, etc.)
"Eine Freundliche heimsuchung in der Liebe Gottes." (A Tender Visitation in the Love of God.)
" An alle diejenigen so unter den Bekennern der Chris- tenheit," etc. (To all Professors of Christianity, etc.)
" An Alle diejenigen welche empfinden," etc. (Tender Counsel, etc.)
The above were also published collectively in Dutch under the general title, "Het Christenrijk Ten Oordeel Gedagvaart," etc. Rotterdam, 1678. 4to.
Two of the above tracts -- " A Call to Christendom," and " Tender Counsel"-were printed separately at the time in English. 462
It was about this time that the friendship between John Locke, who had been introduced to Furly by Edward John Locke Clarke, of Chipley,413 ripened into in- timacy, and the correspondence which ensued lasted until the death of Locke. Algernon Sidney and the Earl of Shaftesbury were also frequent visitors at the Furly homestead, and the former, at his death, bequeathed to Furly a large silver possession of his de- the grant to Wil- minated, and there of a large German tion to Pennsyl- ted to Benjamin eral instruments make the basis for ment of his Prov- GOBLET BEQUEATHED BY ALGERNON SIDNEY TO BENJAMIN FURLY. iments on these goblet, which is still in scendants.464 When liam Penn was const became a likelihood and Dutch immigra vania, Penn submit Furly the drafts of sev which he proposed to the laws and govern ince. Furly's com papers, in his handwriting, entitled,-
443
Furly's Suggestions to Penn.
"FOR THE SECURITY OF FORREIGNERS WHO MAY IN- CLINE TO PURCHASE LAND IN PENNSYLVANIA, BUT MAY DY BEFORE THEY THEMSELVES COME THEIR TO INHABIT."
These papers are among the " Penn Manuscripts" in the collection of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. In them he suggests the protection of the interests of the Ger- man and foreign settlers who it was expected would immi- grate to Pennsylvania, and makes a number of criticismns on the laws which Penn proposed, suggesting in some instances the usages followed in Holland.
This interesting document, never before published, is reproduced in its entirety at the end of this paper, as origin- ally published in the " Pennsylvania Magazine of Biography and History," vol. xix, pp. 277-305, and it deserves the careful consideration of every student of Pennsylvania- German history, 465 for it will be noted that Benjamin Furly
462 Whiting's " Catalogue of Friend's Books," London, 1708, pp. 119, 120. 463 Edward Clarke, Esq., of Chipley, near Taunton, was one of the burgesses for that borough in seven Parliaments, from the first of King William, which met in 1690, to the third held by Queen Anne, which was dissolved in 1710. .
464 A drawing of this cup forms the frontispiece to the second edition of "Original Letters of John Locke, Algernon Sidney and Lord Shaftes- bury," London, 1847.
465 Fredk. D. Stone, Litt. D., the learned librarian of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, in commenting upon these suggestions, states : "The following paper, in the handwriting of Benjamin Furly, is among the "Penn Papers" in possession of the Historical Society of Pennsyl- vania. It is endorsed "B. F. Abridgit out of Holland and Germany. Laws of Gov' Pense." It contains a series of criticisms called forth by a comparison of the " Frame of Government Signed by Penn April 25 1682, together with The Laws Agreed upon in England May 5, 1682," and a paper called "The Fundamentall Constitutions of Pennsylvania," a copy of which is also among the " Penn Papers." This last is a form of govern- ment that Penn, after considerable deliberation, had decided upon as a suitable one for the government of his province, but which was abandoned for what we know as the " Frame of Government." This action does not
444
The Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania.
was not alone concerned about the religious and civil liberty of the prospective im- XXIII- Let no blacky he Brought in Dinally et ifany come out of Virginia, Manylo. 07 39 5In fami. migrants, but of their personal rights as well. This is instanced in the clause granting immu- nity from arrest and fine to such persons as choose to labor upon the First day of the week, 466 -a suggestion that was made in the interest of Les-tham Porelane: the Sabbatarian move- ment which was then attracting considerable constitution? france attention in both Eng- land and Holland.
Then, again, his sug-
FAC-SIMILE OF ANTI-SLAVERY CLAUSE IN FURLY'S SUGGESTIONS TO PENN.
gestions and advice to Penn as to the course to pursue in regard to a possible attempt to introduce negro slavery into the Province 467 is of great interest, as the first public pro-
appear to have been approved of by Furly, and hence his criticisms. As Furly's comments were made upon the "Frame of Government" as finally published, it cannot be claimed that Penn was influenced by Furly in drafting his "Frame," unless it was through a correspondence of an earlier date. There is, however, little doubt that the 21st section of the " Frame of Government," included in the act of settlement passed at Philadelphia, March 1, 1683, which provides for the protection of the estates of aliens, was the result of Furly's suggestion, and a further ex- amination of that instrument, with Furly's criticisms, might indicate an influence in other sections. The paper is interesting as showing how widely and earnestly Penn songhit assistance in drafting the fundamental laws for his province, and the attention that was given to the subject."
466 XIX .- The 26th Law enjoyning all to abstain from Labour on ye first day may prove a vile snare to ye conscience of many in this day, who do not look upon that day as of any other then human institution, & may
445
First Protest against Slavery.
test against negro slavery in America was made at Gerinan- town in 1688 by some of the German pioneers who came to Pennsylvania under his auspices and bounty.
Subsequent to the grant Benjamin Furly became Penn's most active and useful agent on the Continent for the sale of his lands.
Pastorious in his autobiographical memoir in the "Bee- hive" 468 states : " Upon my return to Frankfort in 1682, I was glad to enjoy the company of my former acquaintances and Christian friends, assembled together in the house called the Saalhof, viz. : Dr. Spener, Dr. Schutz, Notarius Fenda, Jacobus Van de Walle, Maximilian Lerfner, Eleonora von Merlau, Maria Juliana Bauer, etc., who sometimes made mention of William Penn of Pennsylvania, and showed me letters from Benjamin Furly, also a printed relation con- cerning said province," etc.
How great a factor Furly was in bringing about the ex- tended German immigration is a matter of history.469 It was he who negotiated the first land purchase of the Cre-
be pressed in spirit (whether right or wrong is not the question) some- times to work upon that day, to testify agt that superstitious conceit that it is of divine institution, & is the Christian sabbath.
Onely thus far there may a service be in Setting Servants at liberty from the oppressions of grinding, covetos masters &c-that it be declared that no master shall compell liis servant to labor on that day because its fit yt ye very body of man & beast should have some rest from their con- tinuall labor.
467 XXIII .- Let no blacks be brought in directly. And if any come out of Virginia, Maryld. orelsewhere in families that liave formerly bought them else where Let them be declared (as in ye west jersey constitutions) free at 8 years end.
468 Francis Daniel Pastorious his Hive, Beestock, Melliotrophium Alvear or Rusca Apium. Begun Anno Domini or in the year of Christian Acc't 1 676. M.S. Folio.
469 " Penna. Mag.," vol. ii, pp. 237-282.
446
The Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania.
felders, 470 and the deeds were dated and delivered by him. It was also through his efforts that passage to America on the "Concord," Captain William Jeffries, was pro- cured for the thirteen pioneer families, consist- ing of thirty-three German emigrants, who were met and welcomed upon their arrival by both Penn and Pastorius. 471
To encourage further immigration of Germans and Hollanders to Penn- sylvania, Furly had prin- ted in English, soon after it appeared, a German and Dutch translation of "Some Account of the Province of Pennsylvania in America," published in London, 1681.
Een kort Bericht Van de Provintie ofte Landschap PENN-SYLVANIA genaemt, leggende in AMERICA; Nu onlangs onder het groote Zegel van Engeland gegeven aan WILLIAM PENN, &c. MITSGADERS Van de Privilegien, ende Macht om het felve wel te Regeeren.
Uyt het Engels overgefet na de Copye tot Londen gedrukt by Benje- man Clark, Boek verkooper in George Yard LombardStreet, 1681 Wert frp nu gebongt in de notificatie van s' Soninge Platcard in cate ban ben 2 Mp;it 1 68 1. badt inne de tegentoughige J'nivoonoerg' on PENNSYLVANIA, Lilaft tous WILLEM PENN enzijn Erfgenamen, als bolkoinene Lpgenaars in Gouverneurs, te geboo;famin. Als mete.
De Copye van een Brief by den felven W.P. gelchreven aan zekere Regeeringe Anno 1675. tegens de Vervolginge en voor de Vryheyt van Confcientie, aan alle &c.
Tor ROTTERDAM. Gedrukt by PIETER VAN WYNBRUGGE, Bock-Drukkerin & Leeuwveftrazt, in de Wereld Vel - Drak. Anne 1681.
FAC-SIMILE OF THE DUTCH TITLE-PAGE. FROM THE ORIGINAL IN CARTER BROWN LIBRARY, THROUGHI COURTESY OF JOHN NICHOLAS BROWN.
Three years later this was followed by
" Beschreibung der in America neu-erfunden Provinz Pensylvania." 4to, 32 pp. Hamburg, 1684.
470 Ibid, vol. ii, p. 280.
471 When Francis Daniel Pastorius came to Rotterdam prior to his de- departure for Pennsylvania in 1683, he took lodgings at the house of Mariecke Vettekeuken, the widow of Symon Jansz, the signer of the pro- test on page 439. It is stated that it was at this house where the final arrangements were consummated between Pastorius and Furly relative to the settlement of the Frankford Company's tract near Philadelphia, vide " Penna. Mag.," vol. ii, p. 250.
447
Landed Interest in Pennsylvania.
A translation into French was published at the Hague in the same year. 472
A religious work was also published about the same time in Dutch and German. It was entitled
" Die alte Wahrheit erhöhet." B. Furly & W. Penn. 4to. n. d. [Evidently 1684.]
" De Oude waarheid ontdeckt door Verscheide Vrienden der Waarheid." Rotterdam. 1684.
The landed interest of Benjamin Furly in Pennsylvania originally consisted of five Eine thousand acres of land, ob- tained from William Penn, toegen ter Sant draft PENNSILVANIA in AMERICA. shortly before his departure for America, under Deeds of Lease and Release, dated at Wakche Bùngfiens unter Dem Ørefim Sigd in Rotterdam, 11th and 12th of August, 1682.
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