An historical account of the old State house of Pennsylvania now known as the Hall of Independence, Part 20

Author: Etting, Frank Marx
Publication date: 1891
Publisher: Philadelphia : Porter and Coates
Number of Pages: 530


USA > Pennsylvania > Philadelphia County > Philadelphia > An historical account of the old State house of Pennsylvania now known as the Hall of Independence > Part 20


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So too, in 1857, when the people wished to honor the memory of the intrepid Kane, his body was brought to Independence Hall, where it rested from the 11th until the 14th of March,


On the afternoon of February 21, 1861, Abraham Lincoln, then Presi- dent-elect of the United States, arrived in Philadelphia, on his way to Washington, to be inaugurated. On account of the threatening attitude assumed by the Southern States, the city was greatly excited; and the people, to show their Union sentiments, had determined that Washington's birthday should be commemorated with more than usual ceremonies. Mr. Lincoln opened these services early on the morning of the 22d, by raising


199


,


ABRAHAM LINCOLN AT INDEPENDENCE HALL.


a flag, bearing thirty-four stars, over Independence Hall. The balyards of the flag reached from the staff on the roof of the building to a stage that had been erected on Chestnut Street, about where the statue of Wash- ington now stands ; and from it, amidst the cheers of a great concourse of people, the flag was unfurled. Before this, Mr. Lincoln had been received in Independence chamber by the city authorities; and it was on this occa- sion, in replying to a speech of Mr. Theodore Cuyler, President of Select Council, that he made use of the expression : " If this country cannot be saved without giving up that principle [the principle of the Declaration of Independence ], I was abont to say, I would rather be assassinated on this spot than surrender it." And in conclusion, " I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and in the pleasure of Almighty God to die by."*


All during the Rebellion the State-House yard was the chosen spot for meetings of citizens called to take measures to support the government and defend the State against invasion. Here the news of the fall of Vicks- burg and other Union victories were rejoiced over. In the Hall the bodies of some of the distinguished soldiers who had given their lives in the de- fence of the Union found a temporary resting-place as they were being borne to their long homes. And when, at last, the glad tidings were rung out from the tower of the building, at noon, on April 3d, 1865, that Richmond had fallen, the people crowded around the Hall as if the spot that had seen the birth of the nation was the only one where they could express their joy at the overthrow of the Rebellion that threatened its existence. The next day the members of the Union League marched from their quarters, on Chestnut Street below Twelfth, to the State House ; and in front of the old building public thanks were given for the victory that had been won.


The governor of the State recommended the people to observe the fol- lowing Sunday as a day of general thanksgiving. In some of the churches evening services were held, and as the congregations of these were return- ing to their homes, at 9 o'clock, word flashed across the wires that Lee had surrendered.


The news spread through the city with remarkable rapidity, and, as if moved by a common thought, the people flocked to the State House. The volunteer fire companies turned out in force. The hose-carriages and


* "There was another flag-raising at Independence Hall, on December 7th, 1861, when the sailors and marines of the Hartford, now inseparably connected with memo- ries of Admiral Farragut, then just arrived from the East Indies marched to Inde- pendence Hall, and presented to the city a splendid silk flag made by them during their voyage home. The flag was raised at noon upon the flag-staff amid great en- thusiasm, and salutes were fired at the Navy Yard, and from the Hartford."-Pre- ble's History of the Flag. 2d ed . p. 410.


200


HISTORY OF INDEPENDENCE HALL.


engines were gathered around the building, and while the bells of the former were kept continually ringing, the screaming whistles of the latter were sounded with deafening effect. Crowds of men shouting themselves hoarse, and headed by bands playing patriotic airs, came from all direc- tions, and Chestnut Street from Fourth to Eighth became almost impass- able. The State House and many of the large buildings in the neighborhood were illuminated, making the streets as light as day. Men and women who had parted but a few hours before shook hands when they met and greeted each other as if they had been separated for years. No extrava- gance seemed too great to be committed in the frantic efforts of the people to express their joy. The excitement lasted until far into the night, and the papers of the next day compared it to what must have taken place on that memorable night in the last century when the news of the surrender of Cornwallis reached the city.


All of this was in sad contrast to that mournful and solemn pageant which in less than two weeks (Saturday, April 22d), accompanied the remains of the lamented Lincoln to Independence Hall. None who saw it will ever forget the appearance of that double file of orderly sergeants march- ing in lock-step from the Walnut Street gate of the square to the southern door of the Hall, bearing on their shoulders the casket that contained the remains of the martyred president. Guarded by the First Troop of Philadelphia City Cavalry, the body of Mr. Lincoln was allowed to remain there during the next day, while thousands of our citizens, forming a line which extended up Chestnut Street beyond Broad, passed through Independence Chamber to look for the last time on the face of the dead president.


On the 4th of July, 1866, the battle-flags which had been carried by the soldiers of Pennsylvania during the Rebellion were returned to the State. Independence Hall was the spot chosen for the impressive ceremony. The presentation was made by Major-General George G. Meade, and the flags were received on the part of the State by the Hon. Andrew G. Curtin, in, the presence of an immense multitude.


As this volume records, extensive preparations were made to place the Hall in a suitable condition to be visited by the thousands who it was known would come to our city to attend the exhibition held in honor of the anniversary of the passage of the Declaration of Independence. As this anniversary approached the interest in it was intensified, and the Cen- tennial Year was ushered in with rejoicings almost equal to those called forth by the news of the surrender of Lee.


Naturally, Independence Hall was chosen for the special ceremonies which were to mark the One Hundredth Anniversary of the passage of the great Declaration, but before these were held it was thought proper to cele-


201


JULY 2, 1876.


brate the anniversary of the adoption of the "Resolution respecting Inde- pendency," that forerunner that paved the way for the passage of the more celebrated act. For this purpose, months before, authors and representatives of historical and literary societies, together with descendants of those who had been active in the Revolution, were invited by the committee having in charge the restoration of Independence Hall, to prepare biographical sketches of participants in the Continental Army and the Continental Congress, and deposit them in Independence Chamber on the day that was to be celebrated. As the true anniversary of the event, July 2d, fell on Sunday, it was decided to hold the celebration on the first of the month. On the morning of that day, those who had been invited assembled in Independence Chamber, and, at a meeting presided over by the venerable William A. Whitehead, the president of the New Jersey Historical Society, deposited the memoirs they had prepared. At twelve o'clock they ad- journed to a large stage that had been erected at the rear of the building facing the square, where a number of citizens had assembled. This meet- ing was presided over by the Hon. John William Wallace, president of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Having called the meeting to order and made appropriate remarks, he introduced Mr. William V. McKean, who delivered an historical address, describing, with great accuracy, the action of Congress in passing the Resolutions and the Declaration of In- dependence. Addresses were also made by the Hon. Leverett Saltonstall, Hon. Henry Lippitt, Governor of Rhode Island, Hon. Frederick de Peyster, president of the New York Historical Society, Hon. Francis Putnam Stevens, of Maryland, and the Hon. Benjamin Harris Brewster, of Penn- sylvania. Vocal and instrumental music, suitable for the occasion, was rendered by the Choral Society of the Centennial Musical Association between the several addresses, and the ceremonies were concluded by a benediction invoked by the Right Reverend William Bacon Stevens, Bishop of the Diocese of Pennsylvania.


Early on the evening of July 3, 1876, the people who had assembled in Philadelphia to celebrate the great anniversary began to congregate around the old Hall, to welcome the hour that was to complete the cen- tury of independence. By half past eleven the square was full to over- flowing, and it was estimated that from fifty to seventy-five thousand people were in it and in the neighboring streets.


When the clock in the tower struck twelve, it was answered by the united voices of the thousands below, by the explosion of guns and can- non, and by the strains of patriotic music. The scene was such as John Adams, with prophetic vision, might have seen, when supposing that the Resolutions respecting Independency would go down in history as the final act of Congress dissolving the tie that united the thirteen colonies


1


202


HISTORY OF INDEPENDENCE HALL.


with Great Britain, wrote: "The second day of July will be the most memorable epocha in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary fes- tival. It ought to be commemorated, as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires and illumina- tions from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forevermore."


Early on the morning of the 4th, a military parade, composed of soldiers from all parts of the country, under the command of General Hartranft, marched through some of the principal streets of the city. As it passed Independence Hall it was reviewed from a stand in the front of the build- ing by General Sherman, the commander-in-chief of the army, and General Joseph Hawley, President of the Centennial Commission. Before the line had passed the stand, the people began to assemble in the Square. At the south of the Hall a stage, capable of seating between four and five thousand persons, had been erected for invited guests; while facing it on the south side of the Square was a stand for the chorus and orchestra, which contained together from a thousand to twelve hundred performers.


In the absence of President Grant, the Hon. T. W. Ferry, President of the Senate, presided. By his side was General Hawley, President of the Centennial Commission, and near by Dom Pedro II., Emperor of Brazil, and Count Rochambeau, the grandson of General, Count Rochambeau, who commanded our French allies during the Revolution. Near to these were seated the staff of the Emperor, in uniforms of blue and gold. Among others present were Sir Edward Thornton, the English Minister ; Generals Sherman, Sheridan, Hooker, and McDowell, the governors of many of the States, and the officers of several foreign vessels of war that were on our coast at the time. The uniforms of the officers and the costumes of the ladies, who appeared in full dress, added to the brilliancy of the scene.


At half-past ten the stage was fully occupied, and the assemblage in front of it extended to the south side of Walnut Street. At a signal from General Hawley, the orchestra played an overture, entitled " The Grand Republic," by George P. Bristow, of New York. Remarks were made by General Hawley, and after Senator Ferry had taken the chair, a prayer was offered by Bishop Stevens.


The chorus then sung, to the tune of Keller's Hymn, " Welcome to All Nations," written for the occasion by Oliver Wendell Holmes.


The Hon. William S. Stokley, Mayor of Philadelphia, brought to the front of the platform the original Declaration of Independence, which had been placed on exhibition in a fire-proof case in Independence Cham- ber, to remain there while the Centennial Exhibition was being held. As


SEPTEMBER 17, 1887. JUSTICE MILLER DELIVERING THE ORATION


-



203


CENTENNIAL OF THE CONSTITUTION.


soon as the people recognized the familiar parchment, shout upon shout arose from the vast multitude ; those on the stage rose to their feet ; hats and handkerchiefs were waved to greet it, and no royal personage ever received a more hearty welcome. It was read to the people by Richard Henry Lee, the grandson of that Richard Henry Lee who, on the Ist of June, 1776, offered the Resolutions respecting Independeney.


After the reading, the orchestra rendered a Brazilian Hymn, written for the occasion by A. Carlos Gomes, of Brazil, at the request of the Emperor. Following this the Hon. John Welsh introduced Bayard Taylor, who delivered the Centennial Ode. "Our National Banner," by Dexter Smith, of Massachusetts, music by Sir Julius Benedict, of Eng- land, was then sung by the chorus.


The orator of the day, the Hon. William M. Evarts, was introduced, and at the conclusion of his oration, the Hallelujah Chorus, Old Hundred, and the Doxology were sung, and the audience dismissed with a benedic- tion by Bishop Simpson.


The governors of the thirteen original States visited Independence Hall on the morning of September 17th, 1886, and then adjourned to Carpen- ters' Hall where steps were taken to celebrate, the following year, the one-hundredth anniversary of the promulgation of the Constitution of the United States. It is unnecessary to speak at length of this celebration, which covered three days, as its history has fortunately been published, and from the volumes issued by the committee having the celebration in charge, we gather the following account of that part of the ceremony which was held at Independence Hall.


"The most important and impressive ceremonies of the celebration were those commemorative of the adoption of the Constitution of the United States of America by the Federal Convention. These were held in the square of Independence, beneath the shadow of the Old State House, in which the Declaration of Independence had been signed, and where the Federal Convention had framed and adopted the Constitution of the nation.


" A vast platform had been erected upon the south side of the State House, and conspicuously placed at the very front, draped in the national colors, stood an exact photographic reproduction of the original Con- stitution resting upon the chair in which George Washington had sat while presiding over the deliberations of the Convention. On either side were two lofty poles, from which floated the flag of the United States, guarded by a soldier and sailor respectively. The entrance for special guests was through the south door of the hall. Upon the outer edge of the circle, at the extreme front, seats had been provided for the members of the Constitutional Centennial Commission, who acted as hosts. Facing


204


HISTORY OF INDEPENDENCE HALL. .


these were the President of the United States, Ex-President Rutherford B. Hayes, and Ex-Vice-President Hannibal Hamlin. Immediately beside them sat Mrs. Cleveland, the members of the Cabinet and their wives, the President of the Senate, the Chief Justice and Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, Senators of the United States and members of Congress, the General of the army, and Rear-Admiral Luce represent- ing the navy. Upon the right were the representatives of foreign govern- ments ; upon the left the governors of the States and the mayor of the city of Philadelphia. Behind these were members of the legislative and judi- ciaries of the States, dignitaries of the Church, the Society of the Cincinnati, the councils of the city of Philadelphia, the mayors of other cities, officers of the army and navy, descendants of the framers of the Constitution and other distinguished guests. To the extreme left, and occupying one-third of the platform, were stationed the Band of the Marine Corps of the United States, under the direction of Professor Soussa, the chorus of three hundred men under the direction of Professor Herman, and the chorus of two thousand school-boys from the public schools, under the direction of Professor Rosewig. Sweeping to the right and rear, and rising tier upon tier in a vast amphitheatre, sat thousands of strangers who had come from far distant places to testify by their presence their devoted allegiance to the great charter of national rights. The speakers' stand was placed between the chairs of the commissioners and the chair occupied by the president, and in its immediate neighborhood sat the orator of the day, the Rt. Rev. Bishop Potter, Cardinal Archbishop Gibbons, Dr. Witherspoon, the President of the Commission, the members of the Executive Committee, the chairman of the sub-committees of the Commission, and the chairman of all auxiliary committees. In front of the platform, beneath the shade of the trees, and stretching to the utmost limits of Independence Square, stood in solemn silence a concourse of more than twenty thousand people. Blue skies and unclouded sunshine smiled propitiously upon the majestic scene "


At eleven o'clock " The March of the Men of Columbia," as an opening chorus, was rendered by the children from the public schools.


The Rt. Rev. Bishop Potter, of New York, then pronounced the divine invocation, after which a hymn was rendered by the chorus of boys.


The Hon. John A. Kasson, President of the Commission, delivered an introductory address, after which the men's chorus rendered Schiller's Appeal to Truth, by Mendelssohn.


The President of the United States was introduced, and on taking the chair made an address. At the close of Mr. Cleveland's remarks a patriotic song, entitled " The Young Recruit," was sung by the chorus of boys.


205


CENTENNIAL OF THE CONSTITUTION.


The Hon. Samuel F. Miller, senior Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, the orator of the day, delivered the oration.


The chorus of boys then sang " Hail Columbia," with new words con- tributed by Oliver Wendell Holmes. Professor Murdock recited the new national hymn, written for the occasion by F. Marion Crawford, the musical chorus contributed by Professor Gilchrist being rendered by the chorus of men's voices.


Cardinal Gibbons then offered the closing prayer. "The Star-Spangled Banner" was sung by the men's chorus. Dr. Witherspoon pronounced the benediction, and the ceremonies were concluded by a march by the Marine Band.


An account of INDEPENDENCE HALL cannot be more fittingly concluded than by the following extract from the address of Hampton L. Carson, Esq., before The Historical Society of Pennsylvania on the anniversary of the meeting of the First Congress of the United States :--


"When Congress next met, it was in the city of Philadelphia, the third . session being held in the old building erected in 1788, at the southeast corner of Sixth and Chestnut streets. There John Adams presided over the Senate. There Madison and Fisher Ames contended with each other upon the bill to establish a National Bank. There Washington was in- augurated for his second term. There John Adams was inducted into the Presidential office. In a similar building, at the southwest corner of Fifth and Chestnut streets, sat the Supreme Court of the United States. There Jay and Rutledge, and Ellsworth presided as Chief Justices. There Lewis and Dallas, Ingersoll and Tilghman, Rawle. Dexter and Harper appeared, to argue their causes. Between them stands the Hall, sacred to the De- claration of Independence and the Constitution. Where in America can be found a similar group of historic buildings? Quaint in their simplicity, solid in their structure, thrilling in their associations, they speak each hour to the Americans of to-day. They recall the plainness, the strength, the endurance, the patriotism, the heroism, and the sacrifices of our early days. Invested with a charm that clings not to the mouldering ruins of feudal castles, or the frowning prisons of the Doge, they speak not of tyranny but of liberty. They are the shrines and places of baptism where our fathers knelt and dedicated themselves and their children to the service of man- kind.


"LET NO RAGE FOR MODERN IMPROVEMENT DEMAND THEIR REMOVAL. LET NO THOUGHTLESS SPIRIT OF PROGRESS LAY RUTHLESS HANDS UPON THEIR HOLY WALLS."


--


APPENDIX A.


LIST OF THE SIGNERS OF THE NON-IMPORTATION .RESOLU TIONS OF THE MERCHANTS AND OTHERS.


OCTOBER 23, 1765.


A.


BICKLEY, ABRA.


BIDDLE, CLEMENT


BIDDLE, OWEN


BINGHAM. See STAMPER


BLAIR. See MURRAY


BOND, PHENIAS, SAM. MIFFLIN for


BOND, THOS.


BOND, JR., TIIOS.


BOOTH, BENJAMIN


BOWE, HUGH


BOYLE, JOHN


B.


BACHE, RICHD


BRADFORD, WX


BACON, DAVID


BRECHELL, ANDREAS


BAKER, JOSEPH


BALDWIN, JOHN


BROWN, ELIJAH


BALL, WILLIAM


BROWNE, JONA.


BANKSON, ANDW


BRYAN, GEO.


BARCLAY. See CARSON


BRYAN, WILLIAM BRYON, JOHN


BARNARD & JUGIZ


BARTRAM, ISAAC & MOSES


BUDDEN, JAMES


BARTRAM & DUNDAS


BUDDEN, RICHARD


BARTRAM & LENNOX


BUNTING, SAMUEL


BURGE, SAMUEL


BUSH, MATHIAS


C.


CADWALADER, JNO. & LAMB


BAYNTON, WHARTON & MORGAN BELL, JOHN


BENEZET, DANL


CALDWELL, SAMUEL CADWALADER, TIOS. CALDWELL, WY & ANDW


CARMICK, STEPHEN


CARPENTER, THOMAS


206


+ 207


ADCOCK. See PEYTON


ALEXANDER, JAMES ALLEN, ANDREW ALLEN, JOHN ALLEN & TURNER


ALLISON, WILLIAM ARMITAGE, JUN., BENJA ARMITT, JOHN


BRADFORD, CORNL


BRINGHURST, JOHN


BASS, ROBERT BATHO, CHAS.


BAYARD, JOHN BAYLY, JOHN


BENEZET, JAMES BENEZET, PHILIP BEVERIDGE, DAVID


20S


APPENDIX.


CARRUTHERS, SAMUEL CARSON, BARCLAY & MITCHELL CHARLTON, THOS. CHEESMAN, SAMUEL CHEVALIER, JNO. & PETER CHEW, BENJAMIN


CHEW, JOIIN


CLAMPFFER, W CLAYPOOLE, JAMES CLAYPOOLE, JOSEPH CLAYTON, JOHN


CLIFFORD, TROS.


CLYMER, GEO.


COLLINS, STEPHEN


CONYNGHAM & NESBITT


CORRY, WM & SAML


COTTRINGER, JOHN


COURTENAY, HERS


Cox, ISAAC Cox, JOHN


Cox, JUN., JOIIN COXE, CHAS. COXE & FORMAN CRAIG, J. CRAIG, WX


.


D.


DAVIES, BENJA DAVIS, GEO. DEAN, JOSEPH DESHLER, DAVID


DEVINE, MAGDALEN


DICAS, THOMAS


DICKINSON, JOHN


DICKINSON, PHILN.


DONNALDSON, HUGH


DOWELL, WILLIAM DOWERS & YORKE DRINKER & JAMES DRINKER, JUN., JOHN DUCHE, JACOB DUNCAN. See STEWART


DUNDAS. See BARTRAM


E.


EDDY, JAMES EDWARDS. See WISHART EMLEN, JUN., GEO. EMLEN, HUDSON EVANS, JONA. EVE, OSWELL


F.


FALCONER, WILLIAM FALKNER, LESTER


FISHER, SAML FISHER, WILLY FISHER & SON, JOSHUA FLANAGAN, JOHN FLEESON, PLUNKETT FOOTMAN, RICHD & PETER FORBES, HUGH FOULKE, CALEB FOULKE, JUDAH


Fox, Jos.


FRANCIS, TENCH


FRANKS, DAVID


FRAZER, PERSIFOR


FRY, WM STORRS


FULLER, B.


FULLERTON, JOHN


FULTON, JAMES. FURMAN. See COXE


G.


GARDNER, THEO.


GIBBS, BENJA GIBSON, JOHN


GILBERT. See KEARNEY


GLENHOLME & Co., OWEX


GLENTWORTH, GEORGE


GRAFF. See HUBLEY


GRATZ, BARNARD


GRATZ, MICHAEL


GRAY, MARCY


H.


HAINES, REUBEN


HALL, DAVID


HARBESON, BENJAMIN


HARDIE, ROBERT HARDING, JAMES


HARMAN. See NEAVE


HARRIS, FRANCIS


HARRIS, ROBERT


HARRISON, HENRY HART, JOHN


HARTLEY, JAMES HARVEY, JAMES HEAD, JOHN HEATON, JOHN HENRY, WILLIAM


HEWES, CALER. HEWES, JOSIAH HEYSHAM, WILLIAM


HILLBORN, JNO. & AMOS HODGE, WILLIAM HOOPS, ANDREW HOOTON, BENJAMIN HOWARD, PETER


209


APPENDIX.


HOWELL, JOHN LADD HOWELL, JOSHUA HOWELL, SAMUEL HUBLEY & GRAFF HUDSON, SAMUEL HUGHES, JOHN HUMPHREYS, RICHARD HUMPHREYS, WILLIAM HUNTER, JAMES HUSTON, ALEXANDER HUTCHINGS, ZACH. HYDE, LYDIA & ELZ.


I.


IBISON, WILLIAM INGLES, JOHN


J.


JACKSON. See LATHIM JACKSON. See WILLS JACOBS, JOSEPH JAMES & DRINKER


JANN, JAMES JEYES, FRANCIS JONES, CALEB JONES, OWEN JONES & WALL, H. JONER for JUGIZ .. See BARNARD


K.


KEARNEY, JUN., PHILIP


KEARNEY & GILBERT


KEARSLEY, JR., JNO.


KENDALL, BENJA.


KEPPELE, SENIOR, HENRY


KEPPELE, JR., HENRY


KIDD, GEORGE & JOHN


KIDD, JOHN


KING, JOSEPH KINSEY, PHILIP KNIGHT, PETER KNOWLES, JOHN


L.


LATHIM & JACKSON LAWRENCE, THOS. LAYCOCK, GODFREY LEACOCK, JOHN LENNOX. See BARTRAM LEVY, BENJAMIN 13


LEVY, JUN., HYMAN LEVY, SAMSON LEWIS, ELLIS LIGHTFOOT, THOS LLOYD, WILLIAM LOGAN, WILLM LOOKERMARY & SON, VINCENT LUNAN, ALEX.


M.


MACCUBBIN, JAMES


MAGEE & SANDERSON


MARSHALL, BENJA.


MARSHALL & SONS, CHRISTOPHER


MATHEY, SAMUEL


MCCALL, ARCHIBALD


MCCULLOCH, HUGH


McMURTRIE, DAVID


McMURTRIE, WM


McNEILL & TOLBERT


MEADE, GARRETT & GEORGE


MEASE, JOHN


MEASE & MILLER


MEREDITH, CHAS.


MEREDITH, REESE


MEREDITH, SAML


MIFFLIN, JNO.


MIFFLIN, SAML


MIFFLIN, THOS.


MILLER. See MEASE


MILNE, E.


MITCHELL. See CARSON


MITCHELL, ABRAHAM


MITCHELL, RANDLE, B. F. for


MONTGOMERY, ROBERT


MONTGOMERY, THOS.


MOORE, JNO. MOORE, WX


MORDECAI, MOSES


MORGAN. See BAYNTON


MORGAN, BENJAMIN


MORRELL, WILLIAM


MORRIS, JUN., A.


MORRIS, CAD. & SAML C.


MORRIS, GEO. A.


MORRIS, JUN., ISAAC


MORRIS, JR., ISRAEL


MORRIS, JOS.


MORRIS, ROBERT


MORRIS, JR., SAMIL MORRIS, JR., W. MORRISON, GEORGE MORTON, JOHN




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