USA > Pennsylvania > Fayette County > Connellsville > Centennial history of the borough of Connellsville, Pennsylvania, 1806-1906 > Part 14
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On Tuesday, August 13, 1862, at one o'clock p. m., the company left for Pittsburgh by the Pittsburgh and Con- nellsville railroad, a great crowd accompanying them to the station and a farewell address being delivered to them by Mr. John Fuller on Main street. At eight o'clock the com- pany left Pittsburgh by the Pennsylvania railroad for Har- risburg where it was mustered into service within a few days. It was assigned to the 142nd Regiment, Pennsyl- vania Volunteer Infantry, a regiment made up of three companies from Somerset county, and one from each of the counties of Westmoreland, Union, Mercer, Monroe, Ven- ango, Luzerne and Fayette, and commanded by Robert P. Cummins, of Somerset county, colonel; Alfred B. Mc- Calmont, of Venango, lieutenant-colonel; and John Brad- ley, of Luzerne, major.
On arriving at Harrisburg, the Connellsville com- pany elected Joshua M. Dushane, captain; Daniel W. Dull, first lieutenant ; and Hugh Cameron, second lieutenant, and on being assigned to the 142nd regiment, it was designated Company H. The company roll, including a few men mus- tered in later than August, 1862, was as follows: Joshua M. Dushane, Daniel W. Dull, Hugh Cameron, George H. Collins, Isaac Francis, Jr., Joseph F. Forrey, William F.
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN
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Kurtz, Samuel Wilson, John V. Stouffer, James X. Walter, David B. Hood, Samuel H. Dull, J. Robinson Balsley, Jo- seph R. Brown, Joseph Balsley, William Whaley, Romanus Dull, Frederick Shearer, James D. Connell, James Mitts, Levi Firestone, Strickler Demuth, Richard Evans, William Helms, Edward Y. White, William H. Shaw, Abraham Eicher, Henry Kurtz, Winfield S. Hood, Josiah R. Balsley, David R. Gallatin, Jacob Artis, William A. Artis, William Artis, David Balsley, David Bingham, Husing Cooper, Alex. Collins, Jacob Clark, Joseph Coughman, Thaddeus Cunningham, James Cooley, Walter Dull, Stewart Durbin, John W. Eaglen, John C. Francis, Hawkins Firestone, Leroy W. Freeman, Gibson Helms, Garret Hall, Samuel Heffley, Josiah Hodge, William H. Harvey, Joshua M. Hart, Jesse Ingraham, Lloyd Johnston, Joseph N. John- ston, John H. Kern, Singleton Kimmel, Alex. Koover, Isaac Kerr, Henry Loughrey, John Loughrey, Leonard May, John Mitts, William Miller, Frederick Martin, Nathan W. Morris, Robert Mclaughlin, Henry Nicholson, Jacob Ober, William H. Porter, John Rowen, William Ritenour, Con- rad F. Rist, Jeremiah Ritenour, Matthew Robbins, Ga- briel Rugg, Levi Stoner, William H. Sheppard, William Shisby, Jacob Saylor, John B. Stouffer, L. W. Shallenber- ger, Clayton Vance, William Williams, Charles H. White- ley, Jacob O. Walker and Wm. H. Whipkey.
On being taken to Washington, the 142nd regiment was variously employed until in October, it was moved down the Potomac and, on the 13th of December, fought its first battle at Fredericksburg, Va., where it displayed great valor in the face of a destructive fire, and sustained great loss. It was at this time in the 1st brigade, 3rd divi- sion of the 1st corps, and in this its first battle, as in all that followed, made a record for bravery and efficiency of which none of its surviving members need be ashamed. It took part at Chancellorsville, May 2-4, 1863, and though not actively engaged it was for many hours exposed to a heavy artillery fire, and with the 1st corps covered the re- treat of General Hooker's army. It was almost directly on
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the front of the Connellsville company in this battle that Stonewall Jackson was killed by the fire of the Northern skirmish line.
The 142nd was in the thick of the first day's fight at Gettysburg, July 1st, 1863, in which General Reynolds was killed, and the Union forces were pressed back by over- whelming numbers through the town. It contested the ground with heroic courage and at immense cost. It held position on Cemetery Hill, July 2nd and 3rd, and though its losses were not so great as on the first day, it ren- dered faithful service and helped to turn back the tide of invasion and to send a thrill of joy and hope to the friends of the Union.
On the re-organization of the army, under General Grant, in the spring of 1864, the 142nd became part of the 3rd brigade, 1st division (General Wadsworth), 5th corps, under General Warren; and on May 4th crossed the Rapi- dan into the wilderness. From that day until the surren- der at Appomattox, April 9th, 1865, the 142nd was ever in the advance and behaved with unfailing gallantry and devotion to duty taking part in more than a dozen hard- fought battles, in many minor engagements, in forced marches, in trench digging and in wearisome sieges. The regiment was mustered out of service in Washington, D. C., on the 29th of May, 1865, taking part in the Grand Review in that city.
It has been said by well-informed writers that no regi- ment in the Civil War surpassed the 142nd in the severity of its losses, and few equalled it. 140 officers and men were killed and died from wounds received in action, 430 were wounded, 81 died of disease and from accidents, and 158 were captured or missing.
In the battle of Fredericksburg, one-third of those who went into the battle were lost; in the battle of Gettysburg, two-thirds were lost. At Fredericksburg, 250 officers and men were killed, wounded or captured. At Gettysburg, there were 336 officers and men present, of whom 211 were
OST BRIGADE 3o DIVISION
PENNSYLVANIA INFANTRY.
AAST. GORER
MONUMENT OF 142d REGIMENT AT GETTYSBURG
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lost. In other words, the regiment sustained a loss of sixty-three per cent in that battle.
In later battles, the casualties were almost equally appalling. In the operations round about Petersburg, the 142nd was under fire every day for three months and, through the whole campaign under General Grant, the shattered ranks were being reduced, so that when the war closed, only 126 were left to answer the roll call. Out of an enrollment of 935, a loss of 809 had been sustained.
No company in the regiment suffered more severely from "the accidents of war" than our Connellsville com- pany, Company H. Six of its officers were killed or mor- tally wounded. Sergeant William F. Kurtz was killed at Fredericksburg, and his body was never recovered. Ser- geant Joseph Balsley died, December 24, 1862, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, and Corporal Josiah R. Bals- ley was killed in the same battle. Sergeant William Wha- ley died July 27, 1863, of wounds received at Gettysburg. Lieutenant George H. Collins was killed in the Wilderness, May 5, 1864, and Lieutenant Isaac Francis, Jr., died at City Point, Va., February 15, 1865, of wounds received in bat- tle. In the battle of Fredericksburg alone, Company H lost 43 officers and men.
The captain of the company, Captain J. M. Dushane, was taken prisoner in Gettysburg by the Confederate forces as they pressed the first and eleventh corps through the town, in the afternoon of July 1, 1863. The captain had halted to give aid to a wounded comrade and, while so occupied, he was seized by the enemy, in whose hands he remained for twenty months, undergoing an experience at once interesting and painful. He was taken afoot to Staun- ton, Va., and thence by railroad to Richmond, where he was put into the celebrated Libby prison, August 8, 1863, and kept until late in the following May, a period of be- tween 9 and 10 months. He was then taken to Macon, Ga. On the 28th of July, 1864, a body of Union prisoners, six hundred in number, was sent to Charleston, S. C., and put in the jail yard as a warning to the Federal besiegers.
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who were then throwing missiles of destruction into the city.
Captain Dushane was one of the six hundred, and after a stay in Charleston of over two months, he was removed to Columbia, S. C., on October 5th, where for almost five months he lay in a prison camp to which the prisoners had given the name of Camp Sorghum, in memory of its most abundant article of food. On the 28th of February, 1865, he left Wilmington, N. C., and having been exchanged, was brought to Annapolis, Md., where for some time he was detained in a hospital. He received an honorable dis- charge from service, May 15, 1865, and returned to his home, with physical disabilities from which he was long in recovering, the result of his long and trying experience as a prisoner of war.
Of the regimental officers of the 142nd, Major John Bradley died, January 3, 1863, of wounds received at Fred- ericksburg, and Colonel Robert P. Cummins was killed at Gettysburg. It may be added that a monument, in honor of the regiment, was erected on Reynolds avenue, on the Gettysburg battle field and dedicated September 11, 1889, with addresses by Colonel Horatio N. Warren and Captain George R. Snowdon.
THE 10TH REGIMENT, COS. C AND D.
The organized militia of the State has for many years been legally known as the National Guard of Pennsyl- vania. The 10th regiment of the National Guard was established by Special Orders, No. 96, Section 11, November 28, 1873, with Colonel J. C. Black, of Greensburg, Pa., commanding.
From 1875 until 1881, Connellsville was represented in that regiment by Company C, with three successive cap- tains, Joseph M. Morrow the first, Lloyd Johnston the sec- ond, James A. McCoy the third.
In July, 1877, the National Guard was ordered out to suppress the famous Railroad riots in which the Union station, Pittsburgh, was burned and a great amount of railroad property destroyed by a mob. Company C, under
A STREET OUTSIDE THE WALLS OF MANILĄ
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Captain Morrow, left Connellsville, Friday evening, July 27th, on a Southwest Pennsylvania train impressed into the public service, arrived at 28th street, Pittsburgh, at 11 o'clock, Saturday morning, and was encamped near the East Liberty Station during the fifteen days of its sojourn in the city. The rioting having ceased by the time of the Tenth's arrival, there were no very warlike duties to be per- formed.
The most interesting encampment which the "old Com- pany C" attended was in August, 1876, in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, during the Centennial, and its last encamp- ment was in August, 1881, at Thompson's Station, on the P . V. and C. R. R., opposite Braddock.
Another company of guardsmen was raised in our town, and was mustered in, May 5th, 1892, as Company D, of the 10th regiment, with George A. Munson, captain ; Alexander Johnston, first lieutenant, and Samuel H. Du- shane, second lieutenant. In July of that year, the regi- ment, with others, was sent to Homestead, Pa., to put an end to the "labor war" at that place. The members of Company D, not having received their uniforms and being in citizen's dress, were somewhat scornfully styled by the strikers, "the Tenth Regiment Pinkertons." The men re- mained at Homestead thirty-one days, but without battle or bloodshed.
On the outbreak of
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
the 10th regiment reported at Mt. Gretna, Pa., April 28th, 1898, by order of the governor, for the purpose of enlist- ment in the United States service. As a volunteer regi- ment, the 10th was mustered into the service of the United States government, May 12th, 1898 ; Alexander L. Hawkins, colonel ; James E. Barnett, lieutenant-colonel; Harry C. Cuthbertson and Eberhart Bierer, majors; Dr. George W. Neff, of Masontown, surgeon; Drs. Louis P. McCormick, of Connellsville, and John W. Coffin, of Beaver Falls, as-
COMPANY D. 10th. REGIMENT, AT SAN FRANCISCO, ENROUTE FOR MANILA
-
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sistant surgeons ; H. B. Duncan, adjutant, E. B. McCormick, quartermaster, and Rev. Joseph C. Hunter, chaplain.
Company D was officered by Frank B. Hawkins, of Washington, Pa., as Captain, Hustead A. Crow, of Con- nellsville, as First Lieutenant, and A. J. Buttermore, of New Haven, as Second Lieutenant.
The regiment left Mt. Gretna, May 18th, 1898, for the Philippine Islands, passed through Pittsburgh May 19th, arrived at San Francisco, California, May 25th, lay in Camp Merritt until June 14th, embarked that day on the U. S. transport Zelandia and entered Manila Bay July 17th, The men built intrenchments until July 31st at a point four miles south of Manila. That night they were attacked by the Spanish forces with a heavy fire of shell from Fort Malate. Most of the men of Company D were under fire for the first time, yet they stood like veterans, displaying great gallantry and repelling the attack made by a vastly superior force.
The regiment was in the charge upon Manila in Au- gust, and in the battle with the Filipino insurgents at the De La Loma Church, February 4, 1899, and in several other stubborn and spirited engagements, including the cap- ture of Malolos. Captain Hawkins, of Company D, received an appointment to the regular army and was mustered out June 18th, 1899. Lieutenant Hustead A. Crow succeeded him and was commissioned as captain on the 21st of June, A. J. Buttermore becoming first lieutenant and Samuel V. Ulsh second.
It is worthy of special mention and of grateful remem- brance that the somewhat more than 15,000 volunteer sol- diers in the Philippines served voluntarily for more than two months after the treaty of peace with Spain had been ratified in April, 1899, and their term of enlistment had expired. They were entitled to be mustered out. The Filipino insurrection had, however, broken out and if these volunteer regiments had been mustered out, the small force of regulars left behind would have been helpless. It would
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have been destroyed by overwhelming numbers. The vol- unteers said: "We will stay until the government can organize an army at home and bring it to the scene of hostilities." They stayed until sufficient reinforcements came. They stayed cheerfully, willingly, uncomplainingly ; none more so than the men of Company D and the 10th Regiment. As President Mckinley said: "They suffered and sacrificed, they fought and fell, they drove back and punished the rebels who resisted Federal authority and who with force attacked the sovereignty of the United States and its newly acquired territory." The 10th Regiment saw its severest service after its term of service had expired.
President Mckinley twice recommended to Congress that a special medal of honor be provided for every one of the men "regulars or volunteers, soldiers or seamen" who had thus loyally served their country in a time of peril. The Congress, at its last session, acted upon the recommen- dation, a tardy acknowledgement of a noble service.
In the campaign in the Philippines, our boys gained the name of "the Fighting Tenth," and received high praise in the official reports for their courage, steadiness and effi- ciency as soldiers.
The regiment sailed Saturday, July 1st, 1899, on the U. S. transport Senator for San Francisco, stopping five days at Nagasaki, Japan, and touching at Yokohoma. On the 18th of July, a sore bereavement was experienced in the death of the gallant commander, Colonel Alexander L. Hawkins, who had been in failing health for some months, and when the Senator came into San Francisco Bay, August 1st, the waiting multitudes were surprised and grieved to see the flag at half-mast. Funeral services in Colonel Hawkins' honor, were held August 5th, in the Masonic Temple, San Francisco, after which the body was sent under escort to Washington, Pa., where the burial took place.
The regiment was mustered out at San Francisco, Au- gust 22nd, after a service of fifteen months and a journey
HEADQUARTERS, 10th REGIMENT, NEAR LA LOMA CHURCH LA LOMA CHURCH
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by land and sea of more than seventeen thousand miles. On being mustered out, the regiment left for home in a special train of three sections, accompanied by a reception com- mittee that had come all the way from Pittsburgh, and arriving in that city, August 28, at two o'clock p. m. An enthusiastic welcome was given the men in Schenley Park, "participated in by many military and civic organizations," by the president of the United States (William Mckinley), the Governor of Pennsylvania, Major General Merritt and Brigadier-General Greene.
Company D reached Connellsville the next day (Tues- day, August 29th), and had a magnificent reception. The town was adorned with streamers and flags, the air was filled with music, the streets with people. The company was escorted, in an imposing parade, to Riverside Park where several addresses were delivered, followed by a ban- quet served by the ladies of the town at four o'clock p. m. in the opera house.
The 10th Regiment, including Company D, took part in the memorable reception given Admiral Dewey in New York on his return from the Philippines, marching in the land parade Saturday, September 30th, 1899, and greeted with loud cheers along the entire route.
A monument, erected by the State in accordance with an Act of Assembly appropriating $20,000 for the purpose, was unveiled and dedicated in Schenley Park, Pittsburg, on the 11th of June, 1904. The monument commemorates the services of the officers and men of the 10th Regiment who died while in the service of their country in the war with Spain.
The following is the muster roll of Company D:
Captain Frank B. Hawkins, Captain Hustead A. Crow, First Lieutenant Albert J. Buttermore, Second Lieutenant Sammie V. Ulsh, First Sergeant James A. Stickel, Quar- termaster Sergeant Samuel S. Clark, Sergeants Robert L. Shaffer, George E. Mills, Alva M. Walters, Robert M. Boyer, James H. Mills, Corporals Walter E. Brown, John
SPANISH INTRENCHMENTS AT MALATE 10th REGIMENT GOING INTO BATTLE, MALATE, AUGUST 13, 1898
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MILITARY HISTORY
S. Pape, Herman O. Welker, Charles E. Maloy, George W. Calhoun, Harry L. Bishop, Howard E. Cromwell, Wil- liam G. Vance, Albert R. Lowden, Thomas B. Critchfield, James E. Campbell, Patrick J. Conway, John W. Findley, Franklin R. Kenney, Joseph Earle Shaw, Musician Samuel E. Bretz, Thomas R. Cunningham, Artificer John M. Mar- tin, Wagoner Joseph Ambrose, Cook Henry B. Clark, Mas- cot "Searchlight" William Doran, Earnest J. Beatty, Harry T. Boyd, Thomas D. Beatty, Frank Bishop, Arthur F. Col- lins, Andrew A. Calhoun, Isaac N. Conklin, Clark G. Coch- ran, Edward C. Caldwell, Clark Collins, Patrick Cummings, Richard J. Crossland, Rollo J. Conley, George E. Conn, James H. Cope, Richard T. Cunningham, John Lewis Cover, William E. DeBolt, James B. Duffy, Harry A. Everly, David Forsythe, Earl L. Forsythe, Thomas L. Fagan. Thomas Goodwin, Harry Goldsborough, Neal Gallagher, George B. Geman, James A. Gaffney, George A. Geddes, James C. Hamilton, Frederick Helms, Harry Hay, Joseph C. Herwick, Wilbur M. Holtz, Harry A. Irwin, Edgar C. Jennewine, Frank C. Johnson, Charles P. Kerr, Harry King, John A. Kesslar, Alexander A. Lempka, William H. Little, Joseph Levy, George C. Morgan, Frederick Menefee, Eu- gene R. Morgan, John R. Miller, Oliver N. Morrison, James Hervy Martin, Andrew Mentzer, Jr., Joseph Mc- Mannis, Edward P. McDowell, Frank A. McClary, James McKenna, James E. Nickel, Daniel J. Newell, George C. Neeb, James Novrcki, Albert H. Ogle, Frank B. Port, Blair W. Peck, Charles Pleasants, Charles J. Rosenecker, Frank B. Reid, Edward A. Smith, Charles Stitzer, Alva A. Snyder, Alexander A. Stillwagon, Jacob P. Sayler, Joel C. Strawn, Frank G. Sisley, Ernest Trump, Edward C. Torne, Henry I. Trout, Rudolf J. Thiempke, Matthew J. Welsh, Harry C. Wilson, Charles W. Wallace, Harry Wolfe, Allen W. Weimer, Morris W. Woods, Edward N. Wood, Edward Worley, James S. Young, Jr.
Corporal Walter E. Brown, of Vanderbilt, was killed in the battle of Malate. Twenty-one officers and men were
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wounded during the campaign. The list of wounded is as follows: Lieutenant A. J. Buttermore, Lieutenant S. V. Ulsh, Alva M. Walters, Howard E. Cromwell, George W. Calhoun, Patrick Cummings, George B. Gemas, Chas. E. Maloy, Alva Snyder, Matthew J. Welsh, Thos. B. Critch- field, Harry L. Bishop, John A. Kesslar, Albert R. Lowden, Joseph Earle Shaw, Edward C. Caldwell, Eugene R. Mor- gan, James Novrcki, Charles J. Rosenecker, Henry I. Trout and Charles W. Wallace.
A provisional company of National Guardmen was or- ganized in Connellsville on the departure of Company D to the service of the United States in the Spanish war, and continued its organization until Company D's return. It was commanded by Captain Samuel H. Dushane, and was known as Company M, 17th Regiment.
On the sixth of July, 1900, Company D was re-organ- ized and resumed its place in the militia of the State as Company D, 10th Regiment, National Guards, Colonel James E. Barnett commanding. The first company com- mander, after the re-organization, was Captain Hustead A. Crow, followed by Captain Alexander Johnston, Cap- tain John L. Gans, Captain Albert R. Lowden and the pres- ent commander, Captain Joseph H. Simpson.
MILITARY SOCIETIES.
Two societies, composed of survivors of the Civil War, are represented in Connellsville, the Grand Army of the Republic and the Union Veteran Legion. William F. Kurtz Post, No. 104, Grand Army of the Republic, was organized May 23, 1879, with the following charter mem- bers: Ed. Dunn, James S. Sanders, Edward Y. White, Rev. John A. Danks, Joseph M. Morrow, H. C. McCor- mick, Lloyd Johnston, R. Bruce Cox, J. M. Dushane, Henry Kurtz, Thomas M. Fee, R. P. Douglas, E. V. Good- child, James Cunningham, Dr. Geo. W. Newcomer, M. Donley, R. D. Duncan, Irwin Mccutcheon and Thomas Porter. The first officers were Ed. Dunn, commander ; R.
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MILITARY HISTORY
Bruce Cox, Sr. vice commander; Rev. John A. Danks, chaplain ; E. Y. White, quartermaster ; Henry Kurtz, adju- tant ; Joseph M. Morrow, officer of the day, and Thomas M. Fee, officer of the guard. The present officers are L. W. Port, commander ; Lloyd Johnston, senior vice com- mander; Noah Kaufman, junior vice commander ; J. R. Balsley, chaplain; Henry Kurtz, quartermaster; Thomas M. Fee, adjutant ; A. J. Cunningham, officer of the day, and Thomas Gregg, officer of the guard. The present member- ship is 46.
Encampment No. 68, Union Veteran Legion was or- ganized May 15th, 1890. The roster at that time was as follows: James K. P. McKarns, 11th Penna. Infantry (Reserves) ; J. W. McMasters, 12th, Lot Rush 85th, J. Z. Pritchard, 102nd, Adam H. Kerr, 140th, J. M. Dushane, Wm. P. Clark, Samuel Heffley, B. F. Boyts, Nathan W. Morris, Charles H. Whitely, all of the 142nd, John J. Flem- ing 148th, R. Bruce Cox and T. E. Warner, 1st Penna. Cavalry, Alfred W. Hood and Henry C. McCormick, 15th Penna. Cavalry, Isaac C. Shaw, 7th W. Va. Cavalry, G. C. Giles, 1st W. Va. Cavalry, James M. Russell, 1st Iowa Cav- alry, James K. Percy, 2nd Michigan Cavalry, William A. Barnes, 5th N. Y. Artillery, A. S. Cameron, 211th Pa. In- fantry, John C. Cox, Friend Rifles, Sickles' Brigade and John W. Moon, 6th W. Va. Cavalry. The present officers are A. J. Cunningham, colonel commander ; P. J. Kessler, lieutenant-colonel ; Clark Collins, major ; Chas: H. Whitely, chaplain ; J. R. Balsley, officer of the day; Frank Miller, adjutant ; Wm. P. Clark, quartermaster. The present mem- bership is 38.
These societies, the Grand Army and the Veteran Le- gion, celebrate Appomattox Day, visit the cemeteries on Memorial Day, strew flowers upon the graves of the sol- dier dead, hold appropriate memorial exercises, take part in important local celebrations and in various ways seek to perpetuate kindly memories and to promote the cause of patriotism, benevolence and brotherly regard.
THE HOME COMING OF COMPANY D
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MILITARY HISTORY
The campaign in the Philippines is commemorated by two societies with which the Company D volunteers are con- nected. Camp Walter E. Brown, No. 4, Army of the Phil- ippines, was organized in Connellsville in 1903. It holds monthly meetings, elects officers annually and takes part in patriotic observances. Joseph C. Herwick, Company D, is the present commander of the camp.
The 10th Penna. Regiment Veteran Association has been in existence several years. It holds an annual re- union on the 31st day of July, the anniversary of the regi- ment's first battle, the battle of Malate. The last reunion was held in Donora, Penna. Captain Hustead A. Crow, of Company D, is the present president of the association.
From this review of our military annals, it is evident that the Yough region has been represented in all the great American wars, from the first in which our land was freed from the yoke of foreign oppression, down to the last in which this nation of ours came to the relief of a neighbor who lay trembling in every nerve and bleeding at every pore, smote the heavy hand that had crushed that neighbor to the dust, and transformed the victim of Spanish tyranny and misrule into a free and independent state-the republic of Cuba. Men from the hills and valleys round about us fol- lowed Washington and Greene, followed Clark and Craw- ford and Wayne, followed Scott and Taylor, Grant, Sher- man, Sheridan, Thomas, Meade. Men from these streets and lanes were to be found on all the great battle fields of the Civil War, east and west, "above the clouds" on Look- out Mountain, shoulder to shoulder on the historic heights of Gettysburg, in all the military departments from the Po- tomac to the Gulf, and in all the branches of military serv- ice, infantry, cavalry, artillery. It was the same in our last war. Wherever the Stars and Stripes were carried and wherever the roar of battle shook the trembling earth, sol- diers from Connellsville and New Haven were to be seen, some in Cuba, some in the Philippines, ten thousand miles between them. What the future may add to this chapter of
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