USA > Pennsylvania > Colonial and revolutionary families of Pennsylvania; genealogical and personal memoirs, Volume IV > Part 2
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Edward Hopkinson, Jr., married (first), October 9, 1911, May T. Sullivan, daughter of the late Jeremiah and Anne (Patterson) Sullivan, of Philadelphia. She died February 20, 1925, and Mr. Hopkinson married (second), March 6, 1928, Edith D. Sullivan, sister of his first wife. Children of the first marriage are :
I. Edward, 3d, born August 27, 1912.
2. Ruth Ann, born March 23, 1914.
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3. Francis, born September 20, 1915.
4. Joan, born October 9, 1918.
5. Martha, born December 19, 1921.
6. James, born February 7, 1925.
Child of the second marriage :
7. John, born December 13, 1928. (Family records.)
(The Dale Line).
Dale is an English surname which originally designated a residence in a dale. Ralph and Thomas de la Dale were recorded in the Hundred Rolls of the County Suffolk, in 1273 A. D. The names of Johannes and Willelmus at Dale, and Thomas del Dale appeared in the Poll Tax of Yorkshire, in 1379 A. D.
(Bardsley: "Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames.")
(I) JOHN DALE (or DAIL), was probably born in England, and died near Joppa settlement in Harford County, Maryland, in July, 1778, where he was interred. He came by the nearest port at New Castle, Delaware, to Maryland with his brother, William, and his sisters, Anne and Margaret, about 1720. John "Dail" was a witness to the will of Joseph Alexander, New Munster, Cecil County, Maryland, December 13, 1726. He was a merchant and lived for a time at New- ark in New Castle County, but later removed to near Joppa settlement in Harford County, Maryland, which adjoins Cecil County. John Dale married, in Delaware, in 1746, probably near Newark, Mary (Jones) Brown, widow of George Brown. They had a son :
1. John, of whom further.
(J. Baldwin: "Maryland Calendar of Wills," Vol. VI, p. 195.)
(II) DOCTOR JOHN DALE, JR., son of John and Mary (Jones-Brown) Dale, was born near Newark, Delaware, in 1747, and died at Joppa, Harford County, Mary- land, in February, 1775, and was buried there. He was a physician. He mar- ried, at St. John's Church, in Joppa, April 11, 1767, Mary Colegate. (Colegate -American Line-III.) They had a son :
I. Richard Colegate, of whom further.
("Calendar of Wills, New Castle County," p. 88. Family records.)
(III) DOCTOR RICHARD COLEGATE DALE, son of Dr. John, Jr., and Mary (Colegate) Dale, was born in Joppa, Maryland, in August, 1770, and died in Wil- mington, Delaware, May 10, 1818, and was buried there at Trinity (Old Swedes) Church. He was a captain in the First Delaware Militia Brigade, Second Regi- ment, in July, 1799. He was a member of the Third Regiment in February, 1800. On May 26, 1802, the Governor appointed him captain of a company of light infantry in the Second Battalion of the Third Regiment of Delaware Militia, and captain of the Eighth Company, May 3, 1808. He was a private in the Dela- ware Artillery, May I to May 29, 1813. Dr. Dale also served as a surgeon under General Wilkinson in the division commanded by General Andrew Jackson. At the end of the war he received a captain's commission in the regular army, which he resigned, however, to resume his practice in Wilmington, Delaware. He served as sheriff of New Castle County, and was a Master Mason. Richard Colegate
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Dale was married by the Rev. John Burton, at Port Penn, Delaware, May 6, 1806, to Margaret Fitzgerald. (Fitzgerald of Kildare-American Line-II.) Among their children was Richard Colegate, Jr., of whom further.
("Delaware Archives, Military Records," Vol. IV, pp. 54, 73, 124, 129, 615. "Biographi- cal and Genealogical History of Delaware," Vol. II, pp. 1142, 1144. Family records.)
(IV) RICHARD COLEGATE DALE, JR., son of Dr. Richard Colegate and Mar- garet (Fitzgerald) Dale, was born in New Castle County, Delaware, October 17, 1810, and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he was interred Novem- ber 18, 1876. "Soldier Dick," as he was called, was only seven years old when his father died, but he seemed to feel that the responsibility of the family rested upon him. . His mother, with her seven little children and two orphaned nieces, went to live with her father in Philadelphia, following her husband's death. Richard Cole- gate Dale attended Mr. Goodfellow's School in Philadelphia, but sacrificed a col- lege education to go to work when he was fifteen years of age in order to help provide for the family. He became a large silk importer and in the course of his work travelled extensively in the South and West by stagecoach, horseback, or boat. Through his diligence and business integrity he acquired a large fortune, but it was swept away by the War Between the States.
Richard Colegate Dale, Jr., was married in Philadelphia, May 4, 1852, by the Rev. Albert Barnes, to Elizabeth Matilda Woodruff. (Woodruff VIII.) Children :
1. Richard Colegate, 3d, born March 29, 1853, died May 22, 1891; married, January 3, 1891, Maida Wade.
2. Anna Jones, born in 1854, died March 16, 1888.
3. Margaret Fitzgerald, born June 14, 1856.
4. Abbie Woodruff, of whom further.
5. Elizabeth Woodruff, born August 26, 1860.
6. Mary Colegate, born June 1, 1863, died November 8, 1898. (Ibid.)
(V) ABBIE WOODRUFF DALE, daughter of Richard Colegate, Jr., and Eliza- beth Matilda (Woodruff) Dale, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 17, 1858, and died there July 12, 1887. She married Edward Hopkinson. (Hop- kinson V.)
(Ibid.)
(The Swaim Line).
According to family tradition, this family settled in the early seventeenth cen- tury in Connecticut where, according to John Warner Barber's "Connecticut His- torical Collection," one of its members, William Swaim, served in the first General Court of Connecticut, "holden at Hartford," April 26, 1636. We find a William Swaine, who was commissioned among others by the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, to go as a judge to the new settlement on the Connecticut River in 1635. At the third General Court held at Hartford, September 1, 1636, there was a Samuel Swaine, who was a member of the General Court for many years, and who removed to Newark, New Jersey, as an early settler. He was of English ances- try and the son of William Swaine, who emigrated from London, England, to Massachusetts in 1635. His wife was supposed to be of Huguenot ancestry. The will of Johanna Swaine, the widow of Samuel, mentioned five daughters but no sons. However, there may possibly have been sons, who died prior to the writ-
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ing of their mother's will, or perhaps had removed to some distant town. At all events, it seems probable that Samuel and Johanna Swaine inay have been ances- tors of William Swaim, of whom further.
("Abstracts of New Jersey Wills," p. 449. James Savage: "Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England," Vol. IV, p. 236. W. Shaw: "History of Essex and Hudson Counties," p. 366.)
(I) WILLIAM SWAIM was born probably in New Jersey, February 7, 1781, and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 21, 1846. The name of his father has not been ascertained, but his mother was Rebecca (probably Bogart, or Eus- tace.) She was born November 2, 1757, and died in New York City, February I, 1831, and was removed to Philadelphia and buried in the family cemetery. She married (second) a Meyers, and they had a son, Peter D. Meyers, whom William Swaim mentioned in his will.
William Swaim served in the War of 1812 as a first lieutenant in Captain John Cooke's company, Third Regiment, New York State Artillery, having, on Septem- ber 15, 1812, commenced his service which expired December 15, 1812. He was promoted to the rank of captain and served in Captain William Swaim's company, Third Regiment, New York State Artillery, from September 2, 1814, to December 3, 1814.
William Swaim was living in Philadelphia in 1820, at which time his occupa- tion was that of "paper marbler." In 1822 he became known to the public as the "discoverer of Swaim's Panacea," a syrup for the cure of ulcers, scrofula and kindred diseases. In 1828, the Philadelphia County Medical Society investigated Mr. Swaim's prescription and published an adverse report. In reply William Swaim issued a pamphlet alleging unfairness in the society's report and quoting numerous testimonials from patients and physicians of high standing and also edi- torials from the "National Gazette" and the "New York Evening Post." Dr. Gibson, of the University of Pennsylvania, commended him for the generosity he had shown in the distribution of his medicine to the poor. The real value of the "Panacea" seems to be indicated by the number of fraudulent imitations placed upon the market. A record dated December 23, 1825, states that John C. Lohra sold to William Swaim, of Philadelphia, physician, a three-story brick tenement house and a two-story brick kitchen on the west side of Chestnut Street. In 1826, Mr. Swaim purchased land at the corner of Chestnut and Seventh streets for his residence, office and laboratory, adding later a public bathing establishment at Seventh and George streets. Among other properties which he acquired in that neighborhood was the Washington House.
William Swaim married (first) Fanny Stewart; and (second), December II, 1817, Elizabeth Wilson, who died July 21, 1866. She was buried in the Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia with her husband and children. Child of the second marriage :
I. Elisa, of whom further.
(Laurel Hill Cemetery Records. Wescott : "Philadelphia Marriages." Bureau of Health, Philadelphia City Hall. Will Book XVIII, p. 417. Deed Book GWR-II, pp. 268-69. Pamphlets at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. War of 1812, New Jersey, Records, p. 96. Directory of Philadelphia, 1820-21 ; 1822. Poulson: "American Daily Advertiser." Record in office of the Adjutant-General in Washington, District of Columbia.)
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(II) ELISA SWAIM, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Wilson) Swaim, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1826, and died at Atlantic City in 1911. She married Oliver Hopkinson. (Hopkinson IV.)
(Poulson : "American Daily Advertiser." Family records.)
(The Woodruffe Line).
Woodrooffe, Woodroffe, Woodruff, or the old English Woderove, is an Eng- lish family name derived from the office of wood-reeve, or wood-bailiff.
(Bardsley: "Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames.")
(I) THOMAS WOODROVE resided at Fordwich, County Kent, England, in the reign of Henry VIII, and died there in 1553. A deed of 1538 makes him owner of two messuages comprising thirty acres of land, three gardens, five acres of meadow, and eighteen acres of forest, situated in Fordwich. He was a rider or envoy for the court, taking long journeys to summon different members of the court. He became a jurat in 1538 and a magistrate in 1539. He had a son :
1. William, of whom further.
(F. B. Lee: "Genealogical and Memorial History of New Jersey," Vol. I, p. 368. F. E. Woodruff : "The Woodruffs of New Jersey," pp. 11, 12.)
(II) WILLIAM WOODROVE, son of Thomas Woodrove, was born at Fordwich, County Kent, and died there in 1587. He was keeper of the key of the town chest, an honor supposed to be conferred on the most responsible citizen of the town, having custody of the town records, deeds, wills, etc., and paid by fees. He was enrolled in a military company in 1573-74, a strict churchman, and in close association with the mayor of Fordwich, often acting in his stead. He had a son :
1. Robert, of whom further.
(F. B. Lee: "Genealogical and Memorial History of New Jersey," Vol. I, p. 369.)
(III) ROBERT WOODRUFF, as he spelled the name, son of William Woodrove, was born at Fordwich, County Kent, England, about 1547, and died there in 1611. He was prominent in the important affairs of Fordwich, a freeman 1580, and later a magistrate, and church warden in 1584. Robert Woodruff married, in 1572, Alice Russell, of Northgate. He had a son :
1. John, of whom further.
(Ibid.)
(IV) JOHN WOODRUFF, son of Robert and Alice (Russell) Woodruff, was baptized at Fordwich, Kent, in 1574, and his will was proved October, 1611, soon after his death. John Woodruff married, in 1601-02, Elizabeth Cartwright, who married (second), October 24, 1611, John Gosmer. Child :
I. John, of whom further.
(Ibid.)
(The Family in America.)
(I) JOHN (2) WOODRUFF, only son of John and Elizabeth (Cartwright) Woodruff, was baptized in Northgate, Kent, England, in 1604, and died in South- ampton, Long Island, in May, 1670. He returned to Fordwich with his mother and stepfather and served there as church warden. He was living in the parish of
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Sturry, half a mile from Fordwich in 1637. John Woodruff married Anne Gos- mer, possibly the daughter of his mother's second husband, and with his mother, his stepfather and his wife, Anne, came in 1639 to Lynn, Massachusetts; thence they went to Southampton, Long Island. In 1657, John Woodruff succeeded his stepfather in the whaling squadron, and July 29, 1660-61, he received from his stepfather goods, chattels, house and land. Among his children was John, of whom further.
(F. E. Woodruff : "Woodruffs of New Jersey," p. 13.)
(II) JOHN (3) WOODRUFF, eldest son of John and Anne (Gosmer) Wood- ruff, was baptized at Sturry, County Kent, in 1637, and died at Elizabeth Town, New Jersey, in May, 1691. His name appears in the list of those able to bear arms April 30, 1659, and on February 20, 1659, he became a land owner of Southamp- ton. In 1664, owing to the bitter feeling at Southampton, due to King Charles II transferring Long Island from the jurisdiction of Connecticut to that of his brother, James, Duke of York, as a part of New York, many Long Island settlers emigrated with Connecticut colonists to Elizabeth Town. Among them was John Woodruff, 3d, who sold his property in Southampton in 1665. In Elizabeth he had a town lot of one and one-half acres on the corner of the present Elizabeth Avenue and Spring Street, and also a farm of two hundred ninety-two acres, later known as Woodruff Farms. John Woodruff was chosen constable, December II, 1674, and high sheriff, November 28, 1684; and was commissioned ensign of the Elizabeth Foot Company, under Lieutenant Lake Watson, for service from August 4, 1668, to October 31, 1670. He served again under Captain Knapp during the Dutch occupation of New York, September 14, 1673-74, and in the same company, December 3, 1683. The inventory of his estate was taken May 4, 1691. John Woodruff married, about 1659, Mary Ogden. (Ogden-American Line-II.) Child :
I. John, of whom further.
(F. E. Woodruff : "The Woodruffs of New Jersey," pp. 21-22. "New Jersey Archives," Series I, Vol. XXI, p. 186.)
(III) JOHN (4) WOODRUFF, son of John (3) and Mary (Ogden) Woodruff, was born in Elizabeth Town, New Jersey, in 1665, and died there after 1749. He was one of the burgesses of the Colonial Legislature of New Jersey, and was appointed high sheriff of Essex County, May 30, 1697. He married, in 1683, Sarah Cooper. (Cooper III.) He had a son :
I. David, of whom further.
(E. F. Hatfield: "History of Elizabeth, New Jersey," pp. 244, 545.)
(IV) DAVID WOODRUFF, son of John and Sarah (Cooper) Woodruff, was born in Elizabeth Town, New Jersey, February 27, 1695, and died before July 12, 1749, when his will was proved. He was a weaver, and married, in 1722, Eunice Ward. (Ward IV.) His children were all under age in April, 1749, when he wrote his will. Among his children was Elias, see further.
("Archives of New Jersey," Series I, Vol. XXIX, p. 545. Family records.)
(V) ELIAS WOODRUFF, son of David and Eunice (Ward) Woodruff, was born in Elizabeth Town, New Jersey, in March, 1739, and died at Newton, Sussex County, New Jersey, May 1, 1802. He lived at Elizabeth Town until after 1774,
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for he and Oliver Spencer were administrators on the estate of Uzal Woodruff, advertised on December 12, 1774, the advertisement appearing in the New York "Journal or General Advertiser," December 15, 1774, a sale of the effects of Uzal Woodruff. Elias Woodruff married, at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, Mary Joline. (Joline III.) Child :
1. Aaron Dickinson, of whom further.
("Archives of New Jersey," Series I, Vol. XXIX, p. 545. Family records.)
(VI) AARON DICKINSON WOODRUFF, son of Elias and Mary (Joline) Wood- ruff, was born in Elizabeth Town, New Jersey, September 12, 1762, and died at Changewater, New Jersey, June 24, 1817. He was graduated from Princeton Col- lege, where he was the valedictorian of his class in 1779. He was admitted to the bar in 1784. In 1791 he was elected to the Assembly from Hunterdon County, and in 1793 he was appointed Attorney-General of New Jersey, which office he held, except for a short period in 1811, until his death. He and his family lived at Trenton.
Aaron Dickinson Woodruff married, September 14, 1786, Grace Lowrey. (Lowrey II.) He had a son :
I. Elias de Cou Lowrey, of whom further.
(H. Race: "Historico-Genealogical Sketch of Colonel Thomas Lowrey," p. 14.)
(VII) ELIAS, DE COU LOWREY WOODRUFF, son of Aaron Dickinson and Grace (Lowrey) Woodruff, was born at Trenton, New Jersey, September 15, 1787, and died there September 14, 1824. He married, December 24, 1816, Abigail Ellis Whitall. (Whitall VI.) Child:
1. Elizabeth Matilda, of whom further.
(H. Race: "Historico-Genealogical Sketch of Colonel Thomas Lowrey," pp. 14, 15.)
(VIII) ELIZABETH MATILDA WOODRUFF, daughter of Elias de Cou Lowrey and Abigail Ellis (Whitall) Woodruff, was born April 2, 1822, and died at Chest- nut Hill, Philadelphia, February 28, 1910. She married Richard Colegate Dale, Jr. (Dale IV.) (Ibid.)
(The Mifflin Line).
(I) JOHN MIFFLIN, SR., was born in England in 1638, and died in Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania, in 1715-16. He came to America prior to 1679 from War- minster in Wiltshire. It is probable that he sailed in one of the five ships containing members of the Society of Friends which landed at Burlington, New Jersey, in 1677 or 1678. The first record of him in America is a petition signed by several of the Friends asking for land "between Mr. Pitter Alderridges' Plantation and the ffals of Dellowar River," dated June 23, 1679, at Burlington. On the 13th day of 8th month of the following year the court, sitting at Upland under the authority of Governor Andros, granted him one hundred and fifty acres of land. At the same time his son, John, Jr., also received a grant for the same amount. The date was two years prior to the arrival of William Penn and places the family among the earliest English settlers in Pennsylvania. Their property was located on the east bank of the Schuylkill River and is now a part of Fairmount Park. In 1684 their patent was confirmed by Pennsylvania.
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John Mifflin married Eleanor, and they were the parents of :
1. John, of whom further.
(J. H. Merrill: "Memoranda Relating to the Mifflin Family," pp. 5, 11.)
(II) JOHN MIFFLIN, JR., son of John and Eleanor Mifflin, was born in Eng- land in 1661 and died after 1713, when he wrote his will. He accompanied his parents to America and in 1680 was granted one hundred and fifty acres of land on the Schuylkill River adjacent to his father's plantation in what is today Fair- mount Park in Philadelphia. He was a member of the Society of Friends. John Mifflin married, February 6, 1683-84, Elizabeth Hardy. She was from Darby in Old England and came to America at the same time as William Penn, locating about five miles from the Mifflin home. Among their children was George, of whom further.
(J. H. Merrill: "Memoranda Relating to the Mifflin Family," p. 12.)
(III) GEORGE MIFFLIN, son of John and Elizabeth (Hardy) Mifflin, was born at Fountain Green in 1688 and died in Philadelphia, "4 month 13, 1758." He resided at Philadelphia, where he was admitted freeman of the city in April or May, 1717. By his father's will he received a house and lot on the south side of High Street and subsequently purchased an adjoining one from his brother, John. He engaged in business as a merchant as early as 1726 and in 1731 was owner of a twelfth interest in the Colebrookdale Furnace, which is said to be the oldest in the State. In 1730, he was a member of the common council and also of the Governor's Council. His will was dated January 2, 1755, and proved May 16, 1758.
George Mifflin married, "II month 29, 1713," Esther Cordery, who was born May 20, 1692, and died September 20, 1776, daughter of Hugh and Deborah Cordery. They had a son :
1. John, of whom further.
(Ibid., pp. 14-15, 32.)
(IV) JOHN (3) MIFFLIN, son of George and Esther (Cordery) Mifflin, was born in Philadelphia, January 18, 1714-15, and died there "2 month 10, 1759," and was buried in the Friends' Burying Ground. He was a wealthy merchant and prominent in civic affairs. In 1745, he was one of the two commissioners appointed by Act of the Assembly to spend £60,000 granted for the defense of the Province. He was a member of the common council in 1747; alderman in 1751; justice of the peace in 1752, and justice of the Courts of Common Pleas, Quarter Sessions and Orphans' Court in 1752. In 1747, he was one of the signers of a petition to the Assembly for the erection of a hospital. On November 2, 1755, he was chosen to the Privy Council. He served as a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania after 1749 and for twelve years was director of the Philadelphia Library, of which he was one of the incorporators. John (3) Mifflin married ( first) Elizabeth Bag- nell, and (second) Sarah Fishbourne, who was born October 20, 1733, and died May 16, 1816, daughter of William and Sarah (Roberts) Fishbourne. Sarah (Fishbourne) Mifflin later married October 8, 1776, John Beale Bordley. Of the children of the first marriage was Thomas, of whom further.
(J. H. Merrill: "Memoranda Relating to the Mifflin Family," pp. 16, 18.)
BORDEN.
Arms-Azure, a chevron engrailed ermine, two pilgrims' staves proper in chief, a cross-crosslet in base or.
Crest-A lion rampant holding a battle-axe proper, above the crest the word "Excelsior."
Motto- Palma virtuti. (Crozier : "General Armory.")
JOHNSON. Arms-Argent, a bend sable on a chief gules three woolpacks or. Crest-A spur or, strap gules, between two wings gold,
(Burke: ""General Armory.' Monto Nunquam non paratus. (Family records.
MIFFLIN.
Arms- Or, a chevron azure, in the sinister chief a star of six points gules. Crest-A bird holding a twig Motto-Nil desperandum.
( Bolton : "American Armory." Family records. )
WOODROFFE (WOODRUFFE).
Arms-Azure, on a chevron engrailed argent three bucks' heads couped gules, a chief per fess ermines and ermine.
Crest +A dexter arm embowed habited ermines, the cuff argent holding in the hand proper a like buck's head. (Burke; "General Armory.")
FITZGERALD.
Arms- Argent, a saltire gules.
Crest-A monkey statant proper environed about the middle with a plain col-
lar and chained or,
Supporters-Two monkeys environed and chained as the crest.
Motto-Crom a boo. (Burke: "General -Armory.")
1 co troffe SWAIN (SWAIM).
(vo vo druffe)
Arms-Azure, a chevron between three pheons or, on a chief gules as many maidens' heads couped proper, crined of the second.
Crest-A maiden's head couped proper, crined or.
(Burke: "General Armory.")
WHITEHALL (WHITALL).
Arms -- Argent, a fess chequy gules and sable between three helmets proper. Crest- Out of a mural coronet argent a demi-lion rampant or, holding in the dexter paw an ostrich's feather argent. Burke: "General Armory."):
FLEMING.
Arms-Vair, a chief chequy or and gules.
Crest-A mortar piece casting out a bomb with flames all proper chains and rings gold.
Motto -Nos victores. (Family records.)
Whitehall (Whit=[i) COLGATE (COLEGATE).
.Arms-Argent, a chevron between three escallops sable. Crest-A demi-wolf rampant, holding in the dexter paw a sword proper. Motto Omne bonum desuper. (Matthews : "American. Armoury.")
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(V) MAJOR-GENERAL THOMAS MIFFLIN, son of John (3) and Elizabeth (Bagnell) Mifflin, was born in Philadelphia, January 10, 1744, and died at Lan- caster, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1800. He was sent abroad for a year in Eng- land and France, as part of his education following graduation from the University of Pennsylvania. Returning home he entered into a business partnership with his brother, George Mifflin, and was successful in the venture. His talent for public speaking and fitness for public life were early recognized and his election as one of the two burgesses to represent Philadelphia in the Provincial Legislature in 177I was the beginning of a life devoted to public service. He strongly urged his fellow-citizens to support the cause of Boston when that port was closed on account of its resistance to the tea duty. He accepted a commission as major of one of the newly-organized regiments and accompanied Washington to Boston as aide-de-camp. He was in command of a body of militia which successfully repulsed a detachment of troops from the British Army who had been sent to Lechmire's Point to collect, and subsequently won the praise of the aged General Craig for personal bravery. Washington appointed him quartermaster-general in August, 1775, and he was shortly afterwards made adjutant-general. On May 19, 1776, after Boston had been evacuated by the British and most of the troops had returned home, he entered active duties in the field as brigadier-general and in the summer of that year took part in the operations on Long Island. He claimed for his brigade the honor of being last to leave in the memorable retreat from the island and stood at their posts while the main body of the army quietly embarked under cover of night. After a few months' further service in the Highlands he was chosen bearer of a confidential letter to Congress at Philadelphia. News of the battle of Trenton aided him in his addresses, which were made to arouse patriot- ism, and a wave of enthusiasm swept through the State. Thomas Mifflin then marched to New Jersey at the head of eighteen hundred men to take part in the battle of Princeton and on February 19, 1777, Congress conferred on him the rank of major-general. After the battle of Germantown he resigned and unfortunately became identified with the opponents of Washington, and then followed a time of bitterness and partisanship that unfortunately detracted from the well-earned repu- tation of General Mifflin. He probably realized it was the most serious mistake in his life. He still, however, had the confidence of his neighbors, who, in 1782, elected him to Congress. He presided over that body the following year as its president on the occasion of the resignation of Washington from his military com- mand after the close of hostilities. In 1787 Thomas Mifflin was a delegate to the convention which gave the country the Constitution by which it has ever since been governed. From October, 1788, to December, 1790, General Mifflin was president of the Supreme Executive Council. In 1790 he was president of the convention which framed the Constitution of Pennsylvania which went into effect the same year. At the first election held under it, General Mifflin was chosen Governor. His term lasted from December, 1790, to December, 1799, and included two reëlec- tions. He supported the administration of Washington and during the Whiskey Rebellion commanded the Pennsylvania troops. After his term as Governor expired he was elected to the Legislature, where he served for the short time that remained before his death.
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