USA > Pennsylvania > Erie County > Gazetteer and business directory of Erie County, Pa., for 1873-4 > Part 3
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44
The Jail is situated on the south side of Fifth, between Peach and Sassafras Streets.
The new Alms House just erected near the old one, on the farm of 100 acres, three and a half miles west of the city of Brie, is a model structure and an honor to the County. The main building is 188 feet long by 52 feet deep, and four stories Ingh, to which is added a wing 86} by 293 feet. The walls are all strongly built of brick. The entire building is heated by steam, and is fueled and lighted by natural gas, from a well ensk on the premises. A full supply of pure soft water is pumped by steam to tanks in the fourth story, from whence it is distributed through the building. Bathing tubs, supplied with hot and cold water, and water closets, are supplied in · A trin of petroleum has recently been tapped in Union, which has yielded two I .rrels per lay.
24
ERIE COUNTY.
sufficient numbers for all requirements. The total cost of the building, including heating apparatus, plumbing, cooking utensils, gas well and general furnishing, was $117.939.30. From the report of the Directors of the Poor for the year end- ing January 1st, 1873, it appears that on the first of January, 1872, the number of inmates was 99, and that during the year 150 were received, 22 died, 48 were discharged, 46 eloped and 9 were bound out. The number remaining in the Alms House, January 1st, 1873, was 124. The mental and physical condi- tion of the inmates during the year 1872, were as follows :- Deaf and dumb 3, palsied 3, insane 12, crippled 21, idiotic 8, fits 4, foolish 16, blind ?, consumption 4, helpless 2, sick 31, lame 31, rheumatic 8, leprosy 1, sore eyes 4, enciente S, vicious 2, dropsy 4, feeble 3, crazy 5, cramps 1, old age and general in- tirmity 28, total 249, of whom 129 were native and 120 foreign born. The ages of the inmates were as follows, viz :- From 1 to 10 years, 34; 10 to 20, 24; 20 to 40, 66; 40 to 60, 61; 60 to 80, 49; 80 to 90, 14; 100, 1; total 249, of which 145 were white males, 98 white females, 3 were colored males and 3 col- ored females. Besides the regular inmates, there were during the year 460 transient panpers who were accommodated at the Alms House with meals and lodging from one day to two weeks.
The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad enters the County from New York and extends through North East, Harbor Creek, Mill Creek, the city of Erie, Fairview, Girard and Springfield, at a distance of half a mile to a mile and half from the lake. The Philadelphia and Erie Railroad was built on a line that had been pointed out by Nicholas Biddle, in 1830. The Legislature chartered the Sunbury and Erie Company in 1837; two years later a survey was made, but the building of the road was not begun until 1852. It was completed in 1864. In 1861 the name was changed to the " Philadelphia and Erie Railroad," and in the same year the whole line was leased to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for 999 years. The road enters this County from Warren at Corry, and extends through Concord, Union, Le Boeuf, Waterford, Greene, Summit and Mill Creek, into Harbor' Creek, where, by an acute angle, it again enters Mill Creek and forms a junction with the L. S. & M. S. R. R. at Erie. The Erie and Pittsburg Railroad enters this County from Crawford and extends through Conneant, Girard, Fairview and Mill Creek, to Erie, where it forms a junction with the L. S. & M. S. and the Philadelphia and Erie. It also connects with the L. S. & M. S. at Girard. This road is also leased and operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. The Oil Creek Railroad, completed in 1862, between Titusville
25
ERIE CORNTY.
and Corry, crosses the township of Concord in this County and connects with the Atlantic and Great Western, the Philadelphia and Erie, and the Buffalo, Corry and Pittsburg Railroads, at Corry. The Buffalo, Corry and Pittsburg Railroad was opened in 1867, enters this County from Chautauqua County, N. Y., and extends through the township of Wayne, to Corry. The Atlantic and Great Western Ruilway, completed in 1862 through this County, enters at Corry from Warren County, crosses the Philadelphia and Erie at this city, and extends through Con- cord, Union and LeBoeuf, into Crawford County. The Penn- sylvania Petroleum Railway, extending from Erie, south through Mill Creek, Summit, Mckean and Washington, and through Crawford County to Titusville, is expected to be completed the present year. All of these roads facilitate travel and the trans- portation of merchandise and heavy freight, and add largely to the wealth and prosperity of the County.
The Erie Canal Company was incorporated in 1843, and by the construction of the Erie Extension Canal, accomplished the work which united the Ohio and the lakes and which had been talked of for many years previously. The canal cost about four and a half million dollars, and is one hundred and thirty- six miles long. The first boats passed through the canal to Erie, December 5th, 1844. For many years the canal has served a good purpose in affording a water way from the south to the lakes, and no other public work has contributed more largely to the development of Western Pennsylvania and the growth of Erie ; but it has now passed into the hands of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, who have deemed it for their interest to discontinue its operation. Many of the locks being in a state of decay and the canal being otherwise out of repair, the Company, perhaps wisely, considered the expenditure of the large sum needed for its repair to be an unprofitable invest- ment, in view of the great competition and more rapid transit afforded by the increasing lines of railroads.
The assessment for taxes is made triennially. The following tabular statement of the last assessment was kindly furnished by A. J. Sterrett, Commissioners' Clerk :- [See following page.
dated May 21st, 1808. It was discontinued after two years.
Weekly and three Monthly papers. The first newspaper pub-
The Newspapers of the County consist of three Daily, eleven
DISTRICTS.
1 No. of Aeres Assess- ed.
Val'n. per ac.
Real Estate.
$3137122
$34991
$114610
$ 2500
$3289923
760
373
11
27
1.16
66
2d
3d
...
3108900
40510
1-47150
77500
3674060
895
215
811
17
66
.11.11 -
.
...
.
6th "
Mill Creek ..
25019 $113.33
2855 196
86120
23350
4132
2969398
610|
219
14
7.11
915
426
Harbor Creek
19988|
65 00
1205220
60580
12170
1367970
457
93;
18
527
563
121
North East ..
21712
65.00
15882219
72890
18600
13459
1693168
518
181
20
591
815
210 70
Greenfield.
19320
20.00
372128
31880
600
550
408158
239
341
26
239
427
Venango ..
25520
28 00
7208741
67200
5300
870
7942-11
318
65
62
314
960
174
Wattsburg.
16032
28 00
417500
42632
2000
300
492432
229
671
30
92|
39
329
753
138
Concord ..
20316
30 00
615 175
42914
5250
100
663739
3.10
80
19
210
639
172
Corry, 1st Ward
..
Union.
21107
30.00
621500
45970
4100
674570
319
551
276
582
143
Union Borough.
19925
32.50
603618
55550
7735
5920
672853
341
99
317
31
Waterford ..
27632
33.62
839520
72800
8:2-201
920810
116|
135
12
339
1013
268
Waterford Borough .. Greene ..
91116
31.00
671500
582381
4000
3. 00
736738
371
85
4.1
360
654
161
Summit .
13 173
35 00
471621
41705
5815
522141
261
111
26
298
408
111
21079
37.50
792554
59490
3115
500
855709
350
118
28
39.4
649
176
Middleboro.
29086
34.00
906257
79167
20730
39150
1015301
515
169
46
599
1100
256
Edinboro.
16000
22.50
360000
30000
1500
391500
257
45
56
208
369
97
Elk Creek ..
19200
25.00
470100
50-113
8612
440
529825
426
109|
66
323
575
158
25322
26 00
661662
53025
9100
1619
726506
101
73
20
427
5.16
1.13
Albion Borough.
21663
62.00
1376786
55725
86 15 - 10000
1.151150
469
142|
26
474
512
151
Girard ...
20213
72.00
1440918
56235
14910
1600
1513693
527
150
55
461
527
165
Girard Borough
322314
10820
35910
3000
372101
206
25
66
43|
45
Lockport Borough
123359
9060
78211
1102 10
118
20
..
Fairview.
15840
80 00
12771801
47819
13720
4675
1313391
371
119
31
399
451
208
Fairview Borongh
237125
8190
11595
400
257310
120
50
2
67
51
32
415365
$ 36815339 $ 1429981 $ 1233958 $ 259380 $ 39768658
¡Resi-
Totals.
En- . dont roll' di Taxa- bles.
Oxen Asses'd
Horses
=Asses'd
| Cows
Assess-
Asses'd
1873.
Erie, 1st Ward.
2671202
21575
109850
7.400
2813027
939
363
102
...
1065
313
67
29
136
8103961
21080
60000
73.15
928821
394
70
59
57
153
819120|
5910
60700
915760
365
135
28
27
111
North East Borough.
463625
12985
40650
15000
532260
291
92
90
82
Wayne ..
28 00
626331
57355
530
10650
694866
329
475
250|
103
114
145
Le Beouf
...
..
269365
10080
31570
7760
318775
219
48
71
65
43
600
5.1814
$9
8
16
18
12
47281
2130
4800
18385
6500
231177
163
23
79
581
33
Conneaut ..
65
52
28
119667
7817
14310
1441821
135
..
791
9300
1-1696
5170
.
66683
83
27
43
26
15
Amity ...
555
91
131
1373310
20440
170115
1800
1565665
1469
139
143
85
239
. 44
.. 42
Mill Village.
87100
3980
4650
100
95830
86
2
15
TRIENNIAL ASSESSMENT OF ERIE COUNTY FOR A. D. 1871.
ERIE COUNTY.
Av. Assessed Assess'd | Assess'd! Ass'sd Value of; Vale
Value off Person'l Trades Estato.
Money at In- terest.
& Ocen.
158200
32500
3554653
.
5th
...
....
63
70
18
26
ed.
Dogs
lished in the County was
The Mirror, by George Wyeth, at Erie. The first number was
Mckean
Washington
199907
9685
58100
313525
.
275020
10705
55088
4.115
7180
.
-
15960
1750
Mili- tin '73
159
3313313
206101
Franklin.
Springfield.
136
193
27
ERIE COUNTY.
The Northern Sentinel was started at Erie in 1813 by R. J. Curtis, who discontinued it in 1815, expecting to remove to Detroit, but not receiving sufficient encouragement there, he started
The Genius of the Lakes, at Erie. John Morris was associated with him in this enterprise. In 1819 the paper was enlarged and the name changed to
The Phoenix and Erie Reflector. The paper was soon removed to Mayville, N. Y., and was discontinued in 1820.
The Erie Patriot was started in 1818, by Ziba Willis. The next year it was removed to Cleveland, Ohio.
THE ERIE GAZETTE was established January 10, 1820, by Joseph M. Sterrett, and has been published continuously from that time. It is the oldest paper in a large section of country. Mr. Sterrett published it for 45 years. Since his retirement it has been owned by S. A. Davenport, Esq., and by the Gazette Printing Company. All the shares of the said Company were bought, April 28, 1873, by F. A. Crandall, who is now editor and publisher. The paper was Whig until the formation of the Republican party, which it joined at the beginning and of which it has been the recognized and official representative ever since. It has on its books many who have received it from the beginning, and many others who have succeeded their fathers and grandfathers as subscribers.
THE ERIE OBSERVER was established in 1830, and the first number issued on Saturday, the 29th of May, of that year, Thomas B. Barnum, editor. The incentive which gave birth to the enterprise was the rapid growth of the place, and the neces- sity of an additional newspaper ; in a political point of view, to combat the power of " Anti-Masonry," then becoming rampant, and to diffuse true Democratic doctrines among the people of this section. The gentlemen who started it were P. S. V. Hamot, Joshua Beers, Edwin J. Kelso, Robert Cochran, Daniel Dobbins, Smith Jackson and several others. Mr. Barnum was succeeded by Henry S. Harvey, who edited the paper until the spring of 1837. It was then conducted by Thomas Laird until the spring of 1839, when Hiram A. Beebe assumed the editor- ial chair and continued to occupy it until November, 1840, when the paper went into the hands of J. M. Kuester, and was con- ducted by him, in connection with W. Mckinstry, in 1843. In Mar, of that year, Messrs. A. P. Durlin and B. F. Sloan pur- chased the establishment and carried it on under the firm name of Durlin & Sloan, until January Ist. 1856, when the former withdrew, moved to the West and started a journal which was discontinued about the opening of the war. Directly after Mr. Durlin's retirement, Mr. Sloan associated with him Mr. M. M.
-
-
28
ERIE COUNTY.
Moore, who withdrew January 1st, 1859, after which it was pub- lished by Mr. Sloan alone until January 1st, 1861, when he sold to Andrew Hopkins. Mr. Hopkins' connection with the Obser- ver lasted but little more than a year. January 17, 1862, Messrs. Benjamin Whitman and James I. Brecht, became the proprie- tors, who published it until April 1, 1865, when the former purchased Mr. Brecht's interest. Mr. Whitman has been the sole proprietor of the Observer since the latter date; and with an occasional exception of a few months, has performed all the editorial work on the paper.
The Erie Chronicle was commenced in 1840 by S. Perley. In 1855
The True American, which was commenced in 1853 by Comp- ton & Moore, was merged with the Chronicle, and James Perley and Henry Catlin became the editors.
The Girard Free Press was commenced in 1845 by S. D. Carpenter.
The Girard Express was purchased in Nov. 1854, by T. C. Wheeler and Wm. S. Finch, of L. F. Andrews, and they changed the name to
The Girard Republican, which fell into the possession of S. Perley the following year (1855.)
The Commercial Advertiser was begun in 1846, by J. P. Cochran. In 1852 it went into the hands of A. H. Caughey. About a year and a half later, J. B. Johnson became the purchaser and changed its name to
The Constitution. It subsequently passed into the hands of R. L. White, who also issued for a few months the
Daily Bulletin, the first Daily issued in the city, which was discontinued in 1858.
The Herald, a monthly temperance paper, was issued from the Commercial Advertiser office during the year 1852.
The Waterford Dispatch was commenced at Waterford in 1851, by Jas. S. M. Young. In 1856 the paper and office was removed to Erie and the name changed to
The Erie City Dispatch, since when it has passed through some changes and is now issued by the Dispatch Printing As- sociation, (Willard, Redway & Seaman,) as
THE ERIE WEEKLY DISPATCH, which firm also issue THE ERIE MORNING DISPATCH, the only Daily in the city. It was established in 1863.
The Unsere Welt (Our World) - German-was started in 1851, by Carl Benson. A few years later it was changed to the
Frei Presse, and was afterwards discontinued.
29
ERIE COUNTY.
The ZUSCHAUER AM ERIE (Spectator) was started by Scheuffen. Three years later C. Moeser became pro- prietor, and in 1861 he was succeeded by Ernest Sturznickle, by whom it is still issued.
The first paper established at Corry was
The Corry City News, by Messrs. Stebbins & Larkins, in 1863, and the first number was issued October 22 of that year. In March 1864, Mr. Stebbins became sole proprietor, and in August he sold to Rev. Major Colegrove, who soon disposed of the office to C. G. Griffey, who changed the name to
The Corry Express. After a few weeks he sold to J. H. Bald- win, who changed the name to
The Petroleum Telegraph. Early in 1865 he sold an interest to J. A. Pain, and in the fall of that year
The Corry Daily Telegraph was started, which was discon- tinued after about a year. In 1866 Mr. Pain became sole pro- prietor. The Weekly was continued by Mr. Pain until 1868, when he changed the name to
THE CORRY TELEGRAPH, under which name it is still issued by Mr. Pain, who also revived the Daily as THE CORRY DAILY BLADE.
The Union Mills Star was started at Union Mills in 1866, and was removed to Corry in November 1867, and the name changed to
THE CORRY WEEKLY REPUBLICAN. Horace G. Pratt was the proprietor. He associated with him Dan. Scott and W. B. Galleher, both of whom soon after withdrew, and in January 1869, he sold a half interest to Henry C. Eddy. It is now published by Messrs. Pratt & Gail.
The other efforts at journalizing have been the Morning Review, Saturday Review, Commercial Advertiser, Corry Democratic Press, Corry Democrat, Daily Itemizer, Corry Whetstone, Temper- ance Vindicator, Corry Telegraph and Supplement, Corry Duily Republican, People's Monthly, Daily Drummer Boy, Pennock's Herald of Fashion, and Wright's Saponifier.
The Times was issued at Edinboro in 1855-6, by H. N. F. Lewis. In the latter year he moved it to Waterford and changed the name to
! The Waterford Times. In 1857 he sold to Amos Judson, who conducted the paper until the beginning of 1859, when it was discontinued. The press and fixtures were burned in 1865.
The Union Times was established at Union City in 1870, by Troup & Locke. It subsequently was issued by Robert Troup alone, and in August 1873, Messrs. Persons & Thompson be- came the proprietors, who now issue it as THE UNION CITY WEEKLY TIMES.
.
30
ERIE COUNTY.
THIE ERIE LEUCHTTHURM (Lighthouse) was estab- lished in 1869. Messrs. Willard, Redway & Cook, and R. Schmitz, have been publishers. H. Merhoff is the present proprietor.
The North East Guard was started at North East in February 1855, by J. J. Barker. It was discontinued the same year.
The North East Herald was commenced in August 1867, by S. O. Hayward, who continued it about a year.
The North East Star was commenced Sept. 26, 1868, by Brain- ard & Cushman. Early in 1869 L. B. Cushman purchased Brainard's interest, and the paper was conducted by Cushman Bros. In March 1863, it was enlarged and its name changed to
THE SUN. A branch office was opened in Erie, and C. C. Cushman was admitted to the firm.
THE COSMOPOLITE was established in 1868, at Girard, by J. Bender & Bro. It is now published by Jacob Bender.
The Province of Pennsylvania, as granted to William Penn, included but about five or six miles of the shores of Lake Erie upon the extreme west, as was determined in 1786-7 by the survey made under Andrew Ellicot, who was appointed a com- missioner for that purpose by the State of Pennsylvania, and James Clinton and Simeon De Witt, of the State of New York. In 1789 the Assembly confirmed the acts of the Commissioners and established the line as run by them on the forty-third degree of north latitude, as the boundary line between the two States from the Delaware River westward. As the Indians were recognized as the owners of the soil, the whole was pur- chased from them by different treaties. It was subsequently discovered that in the purchases made by New York, Pennsyl- vania, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia, the small tri- angle now included in Erie County, north of the forty-third degree of latitude, had not been covered. The State then bought the Indians' title for the sum of twelve hundred pounds, and for that consideration, Cornplanter and other Chiefs of the Six Nations, on the 9th of January, 1789, signed a deed ceding the Presque'ile lands to the United States, to be vested in the State of Pennsylvania. In 1791, the Governor completed the purchase from the United States for the consideration of 8151,640.25, which was paid in Continental certificates of various descrip- tions. The deed of confirmation from the United States is dated March 3d, 1792. The tract contained 202,187 acres. The acquisition of this territory gave to Pennsylvania one of the best harbors on the great lakes.
Settlement was commenced at Erie in the spring of 1795 by Col. Seth Reed, a native of Rhode Island, who had previously
31
ERIE COUNTY.
moved to Ontario County, New York, where he owned a large tract of land. This he disposed of before removing with his family to Erie. Col. Reed brought with him, besides his wife and sons, Manning and John Charles, James Baggs and Giles Sisson. His son, Rufus Seth, came a few months later, and the following year, George and the daughters, Mrs. T. Rees and Mrs. J. Fairbank came. Col. Reed died during the second year after his arrival, at the age of fifty-three years.
Wm. Miles settled in Concord in June 1795. He was a Rev- olutionary soldier, and, in 1785, with Mr. David Watts, was appointed by the Governor to survey the Tenth Donation Tract. When Mr. Miles settled in 1795, his wife and children accom- panied him, and also Mr. Wm. Cook with his family. Other settlers came in rapidly, being induced by the liberal offers of the Pennsylvania Population Co. and other parties interested in opening the lands to settlement.
In 1748, when peace was restored in Europe, the boundaries between the French and English possessions in America were undefined. The French, by reason of their discovery of the St. Lawrence and Mississippi, claimed the territory watered by those streams, and in 1749, Celeron de Bienville, with a com- pany of three hundred men, was sent out by the Governor of Canada to make peace among the tribes of Indians and to renew the French possession of the country. He distributed presents to the Indians, reminded them of their former friend- ship, and warned them not to trade with the English. He also nailed leaden plates to the trees and buried them in the earth at the confluence of the Ohio and its tributaries. The following is a literal translation of one of the plates found at Venango, (Franklin, in Venango County) :-
"In the year 1749, in the reign of Lewis XV., King of- France, we. Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Galissoniere, commander-in-chief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain villages of these cantons, have buried this plate at the con- fluence of Toradakoin, this 29th of July, near the River Ohio, otherwise beautiful river, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river. inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed this possession and maintained it by their arms and by treaties, especially by those of Ryswick Utrecht, and Aix-la-chapelle."
With good reason, the Indians regarded these plates with distrust, and said " they mean to steal our country from us," a suspicion which would seem to be well grounded, for within a few years the French took unceremonious possession of their best grounds and locations for trading posts and fortifications.
England's claim to this region was founded on a grant of King James the First, in 1606, and confirmed in 1620, to divers of his subjects, of all the countries between north latitude 48 degrees and 54 degrees, and westward from the Atlantic Ocean
32
ERIE COUNTY.
to the South Sea. Purchases of western lands from the Six Nations had also been made by commissioners from Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania, which also gave England an addi- tional claim. This purchase was effected by a treaty held at Lancaster in 1744. About 1751 the French became aware that they would encounter difficulties in maintaining their position in New France, and took measures to meet them. Early in 1753, the French sent forces from Montreal to erect other fortifications, to make good their claim by force of arms if they inet with opposition, and to oblige all English subjects to evacuate. From the deposition of Stephen Coffin before Wm. Johnson, of New York, Jan. 10, 1754, which appears in the Colonial History of the State of N. Y., Vol. VI, p. 835, the following narrative of this expedition and the building of Forts Presque'ile and LeBoeuf, is given.
It appears that Coffin, a New Englander, was made a prisoner at Menis by the French and Indians under Major Noble, in 1747; and was kept as such several years. In 1753 he accompanied the detachment of French, numbering three hundred men, under Mons'r Babeer, as a soldier, on an expedi- tion to 'Belle Riviere or Ohio.' They arrived at Chadokoin, (now Portland, Chautauqua Co.,) in April of that year, by water, " when they were ordered to fell Timber and prepare it for building a Fort there, according to the Governor's instructions ; but Mons. Morang coming up with 500 men and 20 Indians put a stop to the erecting of a Fort at that place, by reason of his not liking the situation and the River of Chadokoins being too shallow to carry any craft with provisions &c. to Belle Rivier. * * There arose a warm debate between Messieurs Babeer and Morang thereon, the first insisting on building a Fort there, agreeable to his instructions, otherwise on Morang giving him an instrument in writing to satisfy the Governor on that point, which Morang did, and then ordered Mons. Mercie, who was both commissary and engineer to go along said lake (Erie) and look for a good situation ; which he found and returned in three days, it being fifteen leagues to the south-west of Chadokoin ; they were then all ordered to repair thither ;
They fell to work and built a square Fort of Chestnut Logs squared and lapped over each other to the height of fifteen feet. It is about 120 feet square, a log honse in each square, a gate to the southward and another to the northward, not one port-hole cut in any part of it; when finished they called it Fort la Briske Isle." A wagon road was cut twenty-one miles, to the River Aux Boeuf, where another fort was built, (at Waterford.) and a third fort was commenced at " a place called by the Indians Gunagarah'hare, on the bank of Belle Riviere, where the River
33
ERIE COUNTY.
Aux Boeuf empties into it;" but the latter, in consequence of the season being too far advanced, was not completed, and the party set out on their return. Before their departure, however, Morang received instructions " to make all possible preparations against the spring of the year to build two forts at Chadokoin one of them by Lake Erie, the other at the end of the carrying place at Lake Chadokoin ; (Chautauqua) which carrying place is fifteen miles from one Lake to the other." On the comple- tion of the "Fort la Riviere Aux Boeuff," three hundred men were left to garrison both forts and get out timber for the construction of other forts, while the rest of the party returned to Canada for the winter season. A party consisting of four hundred and forty men, with twenty-two batteaux carrying twenty men easily, under command of Capt. Deman, started Oct. 28th, 1753, the remainder, seven hundred and sixty in number, following in a few days. Deman's party arrived at Chadokoin the 30th, where they staid four days, during which time Mons. Peon, with two hundred men, cut a wagon road from Lake Erie to Lake Chadokoin, a distance of 15 miles. On the 3d of November they left for Niagara, where they arrived on the 8th.
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