Genealogical and personal history of the Allegheny Valley, Pennsylvania, Volume I, Part 4

Author: Jordan, John W. (John Woolf), 1840-1921
Publication date: 1913
Publisher: New York, Lewis Historical Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 538


USA > Pennsylvania > Genealogical and personal history of the Allegheny Valley, Pennsylvania, Volume I > Part 4


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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(The Kneeland Line).


Tradition says the Kneelands were among the ancient Vikings that overran northern Europe prior to the tenth century and finally settled in Scotland. Burke in his "Landed Gentry" says: "The family of Cleland (for- merly spelled Kneeland) is of great antiquity in Scotland." Anderson in his "Scottish Nation" says: "Kneeland the first of his family on record-Alexander Kneeland living in the time of Alexander III. of Scotland, married Mar-


garet Wallace, daugliter of Adam and sister of Sir Malcolm, father of Sir William Wallace." Burke says further: "William Cleland, the tenth of that ilk, eminent for his loyalty to Queen Mary, etc." Both he and his son, Cap- tain John, were eminent in their devotion to this luckless queen. The Kneelands of Amer- ica use the coat-of-arms granted Major Will- iam by Queen Mary : "A lion rampant holding a cross. Crest : A demi lion rampant holding a cross." The Clelands use the original coat- of-arms, which has probably been in the family since the days of Bruce.


The American ancestor of Caroline (Knee- land) Holbrook was a son of Captain John Kneeland, the second son of Major William Kneeland, born at Kneeland Manor, in Lanark- shire, Scotland, about 1550. He was a brave soldier and sailor and commanded several vessels, surviving shipwreck and battle to die peaceably in his own cabin and finding a sailor's grave in the sea. He was a loyal follower of Queen Mary, and inherited from his father the possessions and coat-of-arms bestowed on him by "Her most gracious Catholic Majesty" for gallant services. He married Mary Dunbar, of Dunbar Castle, a descendant of the then extinct peerage of that name, and had several children, all of whom came to America.


(III) Edward, second son of Captain John Kneeland, came to Ipswich, Massachusetts, about 1630, with his brother John. Edward Kneeland had sons: Edward and Benjamin.


(IV) Edward (2), son of Edward (1) Kneeland, was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1640, died 1711. His will dated January 5, 17II, was probated in Salem, Massachusetts. He was a soldier in King Philip's war and is of frequent mention in the early records of Essex and Salem. He married Martha Fowler. Children : John, Martha, Edward, Benjamin, Lydia, Philip.


(V) Benjamin, fourth child of Edward (2) Kneeland, was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, July 7, 1699. He removed in 1725 to Fram- ingham, Massachusetts, later to Hebron, Con- necticut, where he died February 18, 1743. He lived in other places, however, viz .: Oxford, Massachusetts, and Glastonbury, Connecticut. In 1736 he joined with his sons, Benjamin, John, Joseph and Isaac, in a petition for a new town to be made up of parts of Glastonbury, Hebron and Colchester. He married Abigail, whose surname does not appear in the records. Children : Benjamin, Abigail, Elizabeth, John,


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Joseph, Ebenezer, Isaac, Deborah, Hezekiah, Edward. In his will he desired his children to live in unity and be content with their father's will, an injunction tradition says was faithfully observed.


(VI) Isaac, son of Benjamin Kneeland, was born at Hebron, Connecticut, May 15, 1716. He was a farmer of Hebron, and was one of the petitioners for the setting off of the new town of Marlboro. He married (first) No- vember 8, 1738, Sarah Beach. She died March 7, 1741. Married (second) November 12, 1742, Content Rowley, a sister of Sarah Row- ley, and a "Mayflower" descendant. Three of the sons of Isaac Kneeland, Benjamin, Isaac and Jesse, served in the revolutionary war. Content, second child of John and Deborah (Fuller) Rowley, was born at East Haddam, March 26, 1719. She was a daughter of John Fuller, born about 1655, son of Samuel and Jane (Lathrop) Fuller. Samuel Fuller came over in the "Mayflower" with his father, Ed- ward Fuller, and uncle, Dr. Samuel Fuller. He was married April 8, 1635, by Captain Miles Standish, to Jane, daughter of Rev. John Lathrop, the famous minister of London, Eng- land, and of New England. Child of Isaac Kneeland by first wife: Isaac. By second wife : Content, Sarah, Benjamin, Joseph, David, Mindwell, Jesse, Ellis.


(VII) Joseph, fifth child of Isaac Kneeland, was born at Hebron, Connecticut, August 13, 1749, died September 7, 1799. He was a wealthy farmer, and gave his children a liberal education for that day. He married, Novem- ber 5, 1772, Ruth Pratt, born in Colchester, Connecticut, March 25, 1754. Children: I. Ruth, married her cousin, James Loveland, and resided in Franklin, Pennsylvania. 2. Molly, married and moved to Ohio. 3. Joseph, a successful farmer of Marlboro, Connecticut ; married (first) Elizabeth Eels, (second) Dolly Crocker. 4. Benjamin, born at Hebron, died at Franklin, New York. 5. Daniel, of whom further. 6. Sophia, born at Hebron, December 15, 1782. 7. Ennice, married Jedediah Elder- . kin and settled in western New York. 8. Denice. 9. Sally, married Nelson Elderkin and lived in Franklin, New York. 10. Denice (2), married Elizah Crocker, of LeRoy, New York. II. Moses, married Mary Alden and set- tled in the State of Mississippi, where he died.


(VIII) Daniel, son of Joseph Kneeland, was born in Hebron, Connecticut, March 2,


1781, died at Franklin, New York, May 28, 1842. In the spring of 1802 he settled at Frank- lin, Delaware county, New York, with his brother Benjamin; took up two hundred acres of land, part of which they cleared and erected thereon a log cabin. After this much had been accomplished, Benjamin sent Daniel back to Marlboro to bring back Benjamin's promised bride, while he remained behind to prepare the cabin for her coming. Late in the autumn, after a tedious journey, much of the way marked only by blazed trees, they arrived at the forest home, but no welcome awaited them, as Benjamin was dead. Grace Williams, the bride-elect, seems to have found equal favor in Daniel's eyes for they were at once married, October 23, 1803, and lived out their joint lives on the forest homestead, which Daniel cleared and made one of the best farms in the country. He died May 28, 1842, Grace, his wife, Octo- ber 24, 1845. Children: I. Sophia, born Sep- tember 29, 1804; married Arastarkus Mann, of Owego, New York. 2. Dr. Daniel, born December 22, 1805; graduate of Cleveland (Ohio) Medical College; practiced at Penn Line, Crawford county, Pennsylvania, until 1855, when he settled at Conneant, Ohio, where he had a large practice until his death; mar- ried (first) Susan Vaughn, (second) Olive A. Brown. 3. Benjamin, born November 13, 1807; married Minerva N. Hine and lived on the old Franklin homestead farm. 4. Williams, born April 29, 1809; married Phœbe Kellogg. 5. Anna H., born February 5, 1811 ; married a Mr. Armstrong and moved to Canada. 6. Caroline, of whom further. 7. Dr. Isaac, born August 26, 1821 ; graduate of medicine, prac- ticed at Berea, Ohio, until 1857, when he moved to Charlton, Iowa, where he was in good prac- tice' for twenty years; he was a great student and reader, being it is said the best informed botanist in western Iowa; later he moved to Burr Oak, Kansas, where he died in March, 1886; he married (first) Eliza S. Proctor, a descendant of John Alden and Miles Standish, (second) her sister, Susannah Church Proctor. 8. Grace Melissa, born December 7, 1826, died unmarried.


(IX) Caroline, sixth child of Daniel and Grace (Williams) Kneeland, was born in Franklin, Delaware county, New York, Janu- ary 3, 1815, died at Kelloggsville, Ohio, July 13, 1875. She married Dr. Stephen G. Hol- brook (see Holbrook VIII).


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DURFEY The Durfey family herein re-


corded spring from the Rhode Island family of Durfee. The first of record was Thomas, born 1643, died 1712. He was of Portsmouth, Rhode Island, 1664, constable, 1687-88, licensed to run the ferry between Rhode Island and Bristol, Ati- gust 2, 1698. In his will proved July 14, 1712, he devised lands, money and a negro slave named Jack. He married (first ) . (second) Deliverance, widow of Abiel Tripp. His children : Robert, married Mary Sanford ; Richard, married Ann Almy ; Thomas, married Ann Freeborn ; William, married (first ) Ann , (second) Mary -; Ann, married William Potter ; Benjamin, of whom further ; Patience, married, September 23, 1708, Benja- min Tallman ; Deliverance.


(II) Benjamin, son of Thomas and De- liverance Durfee, was born 1680, died Janu- ary 6, 1754. He married Prudence Earl, born in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, 1681, died in Westport, Massachusetts, March 12, 1733, daughter of William Earl and granddaughter of Ralph Earl, the emigrant ancestor of the Earles of Groton, Connecticut. They lived in Tiverton and Newport, Rhode Island. Chil- dren: James, born August 28, 1701; Ann, January II. 1703: Pope, January 7, 1705; William, December 5, 1707 ; Benjamin, Janu- ary 5, 1709; Mary, January 30, 1711 ; Susanna. January 28, 1713; Martha, July 15, 1719; Thomas, of whom further.


(III) Thomas (2) Durfey, youngest son of Benjamin Durfee, was born in Rhode Island, November 5, 1721. He married Abigail


Among his children was a son Joseph, of whom. further. With this generation the family ap- pears in Connecticut, and the name seems to be written both Durfee and Durfey.


(IV) Joseph, son of Thomas (2) Durfey, was born in Connecticut. He married Lucy Barnes, of Preston, later of Griswold, Con- necticut. He is buried with wife and mother in the cemetery two miles from Jewett City, Connecticut. Children : Alice, married Joseph Latham; Joseph, married (first)


(second) Lucy Burnham, children : John B .; Charles H .; Benjamin, of whom further ; four daughters.


(V) Benjamin (2), son of Joseph Durfey. was born in Connecticut, 1804, died May. 1876, at Greenville, New London county, Con- necticut, now a part of the city of Norwich. He spent most of his life in New London NP --- 2


county, which he represented in the state legis- lature. He was a close, personal friend of Governor Buckingham, of Connecticut, and was influential in public affairs. He was a manufacturer and in charge of a plant in New London county, operated by water power. After the formation of the Republican party he was affiliated with that organization, having previously been a Whig. He married (first ) Ardelia Avery. (second) Harmony Kingsley. born in Brooklyn, Connecticut, January 14, 1817, died in Norwich, Connecticut, March 28, 1892, daughter of Jabez and Dolly (Averill ) Kingsley (see Kingsley). Children of first marriage: 1. Joseph Prentice, died in Brook- lyn, New York ; married Lucretia Thorp ; their only child, William, now engaged in the jewelry business in Brooklyn, New York. 2. Henry M., deceased ; was a veteran of the civil war; he married Lucy A. Grey and had Harry, born 1868, and Lucy, 1872, both now residing in Norwich, Connecticut. Children of second marriage : 3. Charles Averill, of whom further. 4. Susan Kingsley, born 1839, became the second wife of Edward Luce and resides at Niantic, Connecticut. 5. Edward, married Louise , and resides in Brooklyn, New York. 6. Frank B., married Margaret Foster and both died in Norwich. 7. James Walter, born 1852, died in Palestine, Texas, where he was manager of the International Hotel. These children were all born in Norwich and are all deceased except Edward, of Brooklyn, and Susan K. Luce, of Niantic, Connecticut.


(VI) Charles Averill, son of Benjamin (2) Durfey, was born in Norwich, Connecticut, April 19, 1836, died May, 1896. He was edu- cated in the Norwich schools, and later learned the trade of blacksmith. During the civil war he was employed in the manufacture of fire- arms by the government in the armory at Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1865 he came to western Pennsylvania as superintendent of the Prescott and Seymour Oil Companies, making his headquarters in Venango county for twelve years. He then changed his field of operations to McKean county, settling in Bradford, where he resided until his death. He acquired personal oil and real estate inter- ests that are now owned and under the manage- ment of his son, Frank E. Durfey. In 1877 Mr. Durfey was appointed state oil inspector, a position he held until his death. He built the Durfey block in Bradford, and otherwise aided in the upbuilding of that city. He was a Dem-


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ocrat and served in the Bradford city council and on the school board. He was a deacon of the Congregational church, of which his wife was also a member. He married, in 1864, Eliz- abeth V. Bowles, who died in 1872, aged twenty- three years. She was a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Moore). Bowles, and grand- daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Bowles, of Worcester, Massachusetts. Children: 1. Frank Edward, of whom further. 2. Gertrude S., born August 20, 1872, at Titusville, Pennsyl- vania ; married (first) in 1893, Charles Rudd ; no issue; married (second) in 1901, John G. Hart, of New York City; no issue ; she died May 19, 1905.


(VII) Frank Edward, only son of Charles Averill Durfey, was born at Miller farm be- tween Oil City and Titusville, Venango county, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1869. He lost his mother when he was but three years of age, and was reared under the kindly care of liis paternal grandparents. He was educated at Norwich, Connecticut, and is a graduate of the high school of that city, class of 1886, later for one year attending Norwich Free Acad- emy. He began business life with the Stand- ard Oil Company at Lima, Ohio. From there he went to Cygnet, Ohio, and Whiting, Indiana, engaged in the construction of oil tanks for the company. He left Whiting in 1892 and came to Bradford, entering the employ of the Erie Railroad Company as fireman, continuing until the death of his father in 1896. Since then he has been in charge of the extensive oil and real estate interests which he inherited. He is a Democrat and for four years was a member of Bradford select council and now is a member of the board of water commis- sioners. He is past master of the local lodge, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, having previously filled every subordinate office. His clubs are the Bradford, Edgewood and Gun, all of Bradford. In religious faith he is a Congregationalist.


(The Kingsley Line).


Harmony (Kingsley) Durfey was a de- scendant of John Kingsley, born in Hampshire. England, who descended from Randulphus de Kyngesleigh, of Chester, England, 1120. Arms : "Vert a cross engrailed ermine." . Crest : "In a ducal coronet gules a goat's head argent." John Kingsley. (also Kyngesley and Kinsley) according to Savage, was of "Dorchester, Massachusetts, 1635, came probably with some


friends of Mather, and was here before him. At any rate was one of the seven pillars on formation of the new church for him, August 23, 1636, and was the last survivor. He re- moved to Rehoboth after 1648, when he was in office and in 1658, there lived and suffered the Indian hostilities, in which in a letter of supplication for relief under date of May 5, 1676, a most sad picture is given (see Trum- bull Colonial Records, vol. ii, p. 445). His will of November 2, 1677, mentions only three children : Edward, Enos and Freedom." A John Kingsley (supposedly the same John) died in Rehoboth, January 6, 1678, and Mary his wife on the 14th of the same month, 1673. They had besides the children mentioned in the will : Eldad, born 1638; Renewal, born March 19, 1644. Another daughter married John French, of Northampton, and perhaps another married Timothy Jones, from Massachusetts. A branch of the family settled in Connecticut, where Jabez, of the fifth generation, served in the war of the revolution. He resided in Canterbury, Connecticut. In 1832 his name is borne on the revolutionary pension rolls as residing in Windham county, Connecticut. He married Dolly Averill, of Griswold, Connecti- cut. After their marriage they resided in Brooklyn, Connecticut, where Harmony Kings- ley, their daughter, was born January 14, 1817, died March 28, 1892. Harmony Kingsley be -. came the second wife of Benjamin Durfey ( see Durfey V).


The Eby family trace


. EBY-CALDWELL descent to Theodore Eby, who emigrated


from the "Pflaz," in Germany, in the year 1717, settling in Lancaster county, Pennsyl- vania.


(II) Christian, son of Theodore Eby, mar- ried Elizabeth Meyer, and died September 15, 1756. His wife died December 12, 1787. Chil- dren of Christian and Elizabeth Eby : Christian, born February 22, 1734, died September 14, 1807; John, September 28, 1737; Barbara, December 14, 1740, married Jacob Hershey ; Peter, November 11, 1742; Anna, January 4, 1745, married Christian Stauffer; Andrew, January II, 1747 ; George, December 11, 1748; Elizabeth, Angust 12, 1751 ; Samuel, of whom further ; Michael, December 29, 1755.


(III) Samuel, son of Christian and Eliza- beth (Meyer) Eby, was born in Lancaster


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PENNSYLVANIA


county, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1752. He grew to manhood in his native county, then migrated to the then far west, becoming a pioneer settler of Stark county, Ohio, where his after life was spent engaged in farming and in ministerial work. He was a duly licensed preacher of the German Baptist church, and like the preachers of that denomination received no salary but preached for the love of souls and a sense of duty. He cultivated his own acres and prospered in all his doings. He was twice married, having eighteen children, nine by first wife, namely : 1. Samuel, of whom further. 2. Daniel, a farmer, died in Bristol, Elkhart county, Indiana ; married Esther Shel- lenbarger. of St. Joseph county, Michigan ; children : Adeline, resides in Rochester, Indi- ana : Elias, deceased ; Octavia, deceased ; Owen ; Olivia ; James, resides in California. 3. Michael, a farmer of Wabash county, Indiana, until his death : married Susan 4. Mary, died at Elkhart, Indiana; married Peter Frank, a farmer of Elkhart until death ; children : Joseph, deceased ; David, now living in Grand Rapids, Michigan, married and has a son Frank, also a daughter. 5. Peter, died in Cass county, Michigan, where he was engaged in farming ; he left a wife Margaret, also children : Peter and Cassius, both living in Cass county. 6. Gabriel, died in Cass county, Michigan, where he was engaged in distilling; he married, in Ohio. Caroline Wagner; children: David, Daniel, Samuel, Christian, Catherine, William and several others. 7. David, died in Bristol. Indiana, where he followed his trade of car- penter; he married Catherine Shellenbarger ; children : Rachel, Elias, James and Amanda. 8. Joseph, died in Ohio, a farmer; his wife Margaret survived him as did children : Sarah, Mary, Sidney and another. 9. John, died in Ohio at age of nineteen years, having been an invalid all his life.


(IV) Samuel (2), eldest son and child of Samuel ( 1) Eby, was born at Canton, Stark county, Ohio, March 30, 1807, died in Elkhart county, Indiana, April 15, 1880. He grew to manhood amid the surroundings of Ohio pio- neer days and received a limited education in the public subscription schools. He remained with his father caring for the home farm until his majority, then after his marriage and birth of one child, moved to Elkhart county, Indiana, where he purchased land and was a prosperous farmer until his death. He was a Whig in politics until the birth of the Republican party.


which he ever afterward supported by vote and influence. He served as school director, as- sessor and in other township offices. In relig- ious faith he was a Presbyterian, his wife also being of that faith. He married Elizabeth Kirstetter, born in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, October 20, 1810, died in Elk- hart county, Indiana, December 27, 1881. Chil- dren of Samuel and Elizabeth Eby: 1. Caro- line, born in Stark county, Ohio, August 4, 1836 : married Jesse Meyers, born in Pennsyl- vania, died in Waverly, Iowa, in 1903, a farmer ; children : i. Ann Elizabeth, born 1859, died young : ii. Delilah Catherine, born 1861, died 1909, married William Hursh, in Waverly, lowa, where he now resides, a farmer; iii. Samuel, born 1863, resides in Colorado, un- married: iv. Benjamin, born 1865, resides in Waverly ; v. Rhoda, born 1867, married Will- iam Waterman, a farmer of Waverly ; vi. Mar- garet, born 1869, died 1889, unmarried; vii. Jesse, born 1871, now a farmer of Waverly; viii. Edmund, born 1873, married and a farmer of Waverly. 2. William, born in Elkhart county, Indiana (the birthplace of all his younger brothers and sisters), November 16, 1838, died 1880, a farmer; he married Mary Holmes, born in Pennsylvania ; children : Sam- uel, born 1862 : William, 1864: Charlotte, 1865 ; Benjamin, 1867; George, 1869. 3. Delilah, of whom further. 4. Elizabeth, born January 20, 1842 ; married James Hass (or Hess), born in Pennsylvania, now a farmer and proprietor of a summer boarding resort at Waloon, on Lake Michigan ; child, Alfred, born 1872, unmarried. 6. Samuel, born March 3. 1846, died in his native county in 1877. a farmer ; he married Sarah Boyd, born in Pennsylvania; child. Lewis, born 1872. 7. Edmund, born Novem- ber 24, 1848: married Rhoda Mitchell ; child, Frederick, born 1876. 8. Harrison, born Janu- ary 27, 1850, died in his native county in 1881, a farmer ; he married Elizabeth Carrick, born in Michigan, who survives him, residing in Illinois ; children : Ada, deceased, and Carson, living in Colorado. 9. Mary Ellen, born March 3. 1852; married Daniel Franks, a teamster, born in Indiana, died in California ; children : i. Grace, married . has two children and lives in Goshen, Indiana; ii. Jessie, mar- ried Clark Rice and lives in Elkhart, Indiana : iii. Robert, lives in Goshen, Indiana ; iv. Cath- erine, married James Matthews: v. Ralph, liv- ing in Ligonier, Indiana.


The father of Elizabeth (Kirstetter) Eby


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died in Stark county, Ohio; her mother, Eliza- beth, born 1792, died 1847, in Elkhart county, Indiana. Their children were: I. Elizabeth, of previous mention, wife of Samuel Eby. 2. Peter, born 1812, died in Goshen, Indiana; a traveling commercial salesman ; married Mary. Rogers; children : James, deceased ; Edmund, living in Elkhart, Indiana ; Chauncey, deceased. 3. Jacob, born 1814, died in Kansas City, Mis- souri, leaving wife and family. 4. George, born 1816, died in Kansas, where he was a farmer for many years; he married Jemima Thompson ; children : Joseph, Daniel W., Eliz- abeth, Lewis, Lydia, George R., Franklin P., Delilah J. and Ellen. 5. Benjamin, born 1818, was killed in a steamboat explosion on the Mississippi river during the civil war; he en- listed from Indiana. 6. Lydia, born 1820, died in Stark county, Ohio, leaving husband and family. 7. Eliza, born 1822, died in Ohio, married and had issue.


(V) Delilah, third child and second daugh- ter of Samuel (2) and Elizabeth (Kirstetter) Eby, was born in Elkhart county, Indiana, at the village of Vistula, February 29, 1840. She was educated in the public school and until her marriage resided at home. Since becoming a widow she has continued her residence at Bradford, Pennsylvania. She is a member of the Presbyterian church and a lady of womanly grace and gentle, kindly manner. She is highly regarded and with her daughter and son is happily passing her declining years. She mar- ried, March 14, 1861, Robert R. Caldwell, born in St. Joseph county, Michigan, November 29, 1837, died in Bradford, Pennsylvania, Febru- ary 16, 1908, son of William Caldwell, born in Pennsylvania, settled in Elkhart county, Indi- ana, died in Bristol, Indiana, November 22, 1877, a farmer. He married Sarah Wilson, born in Pennsylvania, died in Elkhart county in 1847. Children of William Caldwell: 1. Robert R., of whom further. 2. David, born 1839, enlisted in the Eleventh Regiment Indi- ana Volunteers, and died while in the army during the civil war. 3. Ann Elizabeth, born 1841, married, December 29, 1863, Lewis Emery, born at Cherry Creek, Chautauqua county, New York, August 10, 1839, now living in Bradford, having large oil interests ; children : Delevan, born September 26, 1867; Grace Elizabeth, January 27, 1874; Earle Caldwell, December 12, 1875; Lewis (2), Au- gust 27, 1878. 4. Sarah G., born September, 1842; married Lewis E. Hampsher, born De-


cember 31, 1843, a prominent oil producer, now deceased.


Robert R. Caldwell was educated in the public school of Elkhart county, Indiana, be- came a farmer, continuing in that county until 1881. He then moved to Bradford, Pennsyl- vania, where he became a successful oil pro- ducer. He was a Republican in politics, an attendant of the Presbyterian church, and a man highly regarded by all. Children of Rob- ert R. and Delilah (Eby) Caldwell, all born in Elkhart county, Indiana: 1. Sarah Elizabeth, born February 4, 1862, died November 22, 1866. 2. Margaret, born June 3, 1865, now with her mother in Bradford, a loving, cher- ished companion ; she is a member of the Pres- byterian church and interested in many good works. 3. Edmund Robert, born November 22, 1868, now proprietor of a machine shop and foundry in Bradford; he is unmarried and resides at home.


AUERHAIM


This is an old German fam- ily name and has a some- what peculiar origin. It was




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