USA > Pennsylvania > Historic background and annals of the Swiss and German pioneer settlers of southeastern Pennsylvania, and of their remote ancestors, from the middle of the Dark Ages, down to the time of the Revolutionary War > Part 37
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We find one each of the following:
Appel - Bishop - Bumgardner - Christ -- Eberhart - Engel - Foust - Fink - Frederick - Grim - Hol- linger - Gardner - Kline - Krauss - Melchoir - Thomas - Snyder - Ritter - Ruth - Vogel - Weber - Wetzel -- Spangler - Shober - Shank -Slegel and Springer.
These German Swiss people came in the Ship "Samuel" Hugh Percy master-"Snow Molly" John Howell master-"Virtuous Grace" John Bull master-"St. Andrew Galley" John Stedman master-"Bilander Towns- head" Thomas Thompson master- "Charming Nancy of London" Charles Stedman master and the Ship "Wil- liam" John Carter master.
1737-Horror and Suffering of the Early Germans in the Lancaster County Border Warfares.
The Colonial Records, particularly Volume 4, contains a great many let- ters upon the suffering of our Ger- man ancestors by reason of the con- tention of Maryland along the Sus- quehanna River.
In that book, page 159, and con- tinuing for several pages, there ap- third and took the man: at another pears a letter drawn up by the Presi- dent and Counsel of Pennsylvania to the Maryland Governor, on the state of affairs. And contains, among others, the following extracts, made from it:
"But what must the world judge, or yourself say, of the last transactions begun about the time of the date of your letter, and since continued by your new Captain Higginbotham and his crew, the seizing and taking at one time half a dozen quiet and peaceable German men from the human office of digging a grave to bury the dead of a neighbor's family, hurry them through the woods in the most rigorously cold season that has been for some years known, about a hundred miles on foot, and there committing them in the like weather to a narrow noisome gaol without any other subsistance than a pint of Indian corn boiled in water for the whole twenty four hours, for which pint of the value of about a half penny each man is charged by the Sheriff twenty pounds of tobacco for each day, and no fire or any other lodging than the bare floor allowed them further than as the distressed people could procure them from the humanity of others, or borrow money to purchase them. And again others of the same people yet more barbar- ously treated, for instance your Cap- tain and his gang, breaking down the window fired in upon the family at one man's house, then violently breaking up both his doors then cruely beat him and his wife with their guns, until they broke two of them, and then took the man; an- other they took from his threshing, and being at the work very thinly clothed, his wife following him to carry his coat to him, they fired at the woman and obliged her to re- turn; they cut down the door of the
who had fled on horseback to escape them, they fired two shots; at an- other's house they cut down two doors and took the man; at another's they cut down three doors, two at his house and one at his mill, and
264
NAMES OF LOCAL GERMAN-SWISS IMMIGRANTS.
took him; and then took two others who went to them with the intention to have those unhappy prisoners frecd; and all these, when thus taken, they hurried down in the same man- ner to Annapolis and committed them as they had the others before. They have also since taken Joshua Minshal, a frequent sufferer in your gaols, for no other reason formerly than acknowledging the jurisdiction he lives under, and now for none that we can learn besides their own will We also find, one each of the fol- lowing: and pleasure. Nor do we find any- thing is or can be alleged against Arnold, Abel, Burkhart, Brock, Bernhart, Bricker, Beck, Daniel, Diehl. Engle, Fisher, Funk, Fehl, those Dutchmen or Germans, more than that being from their own ob- servation convinced (for they were | Gable, Goodman, Huppart, Hartman. never that we can discover, solicited Hoover, Hellar, Kinzer, Haller, Kauff- man, Leanord, Mitchell, Mosser, Moore, Peters, Roth, Rhode. Stout, Ruth, Shenk, Shoop, Shultz, Starr, Slegel, Strauss, Stein. Shearer. Swartz, Tshudy, Zimmerman, Weaver. Wenger,/ Wise, Walker, Wanamaker and others. or persuaded to it by any of this Government) that the place they lived in could not be in Maryland but in Pennsylvania, and therefore, they thought themselves obliged in con- science to acknowledge their right- ful proprietors and accordingly let you know this, a proceeding that, on their application to some of our Magistrates of Lancaster, they were advised to as the most candid and in genuons means they could use on their return to us, which they had of themselves proposed and were de- termined in before."
This is simply a summing up of what our German-Swiss ancestors had to endure along the Susquehanna River in 1737 and before. And it is set forth as a mirror, which our peo- ple of the present day can see re- flected, some of the conditions of the so-called "good old times." This took place in both Manor and W. Hemp- field townships and also along the west side of the river.
This extract was found in Vol. 4, Col. Rec., p. 160.
173S-Ship Records For This Year.
During this year we find 16 ship loads of these German Swiss people.
Among the common Lancaster County names we find the following:
3 Beyers-4 Bowmans-2 Benders- 2 Burns -2 Funks -3 Fullmers -2 Fritzs - 2 Hellars -S Hoffmans - 4 Halls-2 Hesses -- 4 Jacobs-2 Klines -3 Lites-3 Longs-18 Millers-9 My- ers-3 Nagles-2 Palmers-3 Reeses- 11 Smiths-13 Snyders -- 2 Shoemakers -3 Sharps -- 2 Shaeffers-2 Thomases" -- S Wagners-2 Walters-2 Wolfs-3 Zieglers and 3 Webers.
These German and Swiss people came in the Ship "Bringantine Cath- erine" Jacob Philips Master-"Winter Galley" Edward Paynter Master- "Glascow" Walter Sterling Master- "Snow Sisters" James Marshall Mas- ter-"Robert and Alice of Dublin" Walter Goodman Master - "Queen Elizabeth" Alexander Hope Master -- "Thistle" John Wilson, Master - "Nancy" William Wallace, Master - "Friendship" Henry Buch, Master --- "Snow Fox" Charles Ware, Master- "Davy" William Patton, Master-"St. Andrew" John Stedmans. Master- "Bilander Thistle" George Houston. Master -- "Elizabeth" George Hodgson. Master - "Charming Nancy" Chas. Stedman ,Master and "Snow Enter- prise," Lynell Wood, Master.
1738-Unsanitary Accommodations in Our Ancestors' Ships.
From time to time the ancient rec-
265
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES AMONG IMMIGRANTS.
oras make reference to the sick and --- deceased conditions of the poorer im- migrants and of the necessity for hos- pitals and lazarettos. In Vol. 4, Col. Rec., page 306, necessity for quaran- tine is again brought. up. Province has been for some time the asylum of the distressed Protestants of the Palatinate, and other parts of Germany, and I believe it may with truth be said that the present flour- ishing condition of it is in a great It is there stated, that Dr. Thomas Graeme, who was appointed the of- ficial visitor on all ships arriving in Philadelphia made a report concern- ing four ships that had just come from Rotterdam and Amsterdam. It was particularly pointed out, that the passengers on the ship Nancy and Friendship should not land, as such landing might prove dangerous to the health of the inhabitants of the prov- ince. And, it was therefore ordered, that the Masters of these ships should be taken into custody for contempt in not obeying the Governor's order, which required, that all ships must measure owing to the industry of those people; and should any discour- agement divert them from coming hither, it may well be apprehended that the value of your lands will fall, and your advances to wealth be much slower; for it is not altogether the goodness of the soil, but the number and industry of the people that make a flourishing country. The condition indeed of such as arrived here lately has given a very just alarm; but had you been provided with a Pest House or Hospital in a proper situation the evils which have been apprehended might under God have been entirely remain one mile away from the City, prevented. The law to prevent sickly until they give security not to land vessels from coming into this Gov- any of the passengers, baggage or goods until the passengers have been examined and until the ships have a license to do so.
It seems that Philadelphia was afraid of small pox and other con- tagious diseases.
On turning to the records of those who arrived in the Nancy and Friend- ship, we find persons bearing our Lancaster County names, such as Hoffman, Myer, Beck, Reese, Rhode, Young," Hoover, Miller, Shoop, Smith and many others.
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1786-The Progress of Our County Largely Due to the German-Swiss.
Turning again to Col. Rec., Vol. 4, page 315, we find, that at this same time, the Governor made an address to the Assembly, in which he gave Albert, William Albert, Leanord Ben- his views upon the subject of the German Swiss people and their con- dition in this county up until that time.
Among other things he says: "This
ernment has been strictly put in ex- ecution by me. A physician has been appointed to visit those vessels and the Masters obliged to land such of the passengers as were sick at a dis- tance from the City, and to convey them, at their own expense, to houses in the Country convenient for their reception. More could not have been done without inhumanly exposing great numbers to perish on board the ships that brought them."
1738 -- Another Lot of German Swiss Ancestors Naturalized.
During this session of the Legisla- ture the following persons were nat- uralized, among those, we recognize many names of our Lancaster County people of the present day, Michael
der, George Miller, John Bushong, Nicholas Candle, John Hagey. Charles Kellar, Stephen Leiberger, Ludowick Dettenburn, John Peter Ccoher, Mi- chael Becker, Kaspar Stump, Jacob
266
NATURALIZATION -- MORE IMMIGRANTS COME.
Becker, Bartholomew Shaver, Tobias | ly, old Brecknock Township. The Pickle, Peter F Rutt, George Klein, number of taxables about this time were 2560, in Lancaster County.
Paul Tittenhoffer, Mathias Tise, George Ludowick Horst, Sebastian Graeff, John Henry Bassler, Mathias Yung, Jacob Schlough, Henry Michael Immel, Felix Miller, Martin Wey- brecht, Frederick Eigelberger, Sebas- tian Fink, Hans Adam Shreiner, Christian Lang, Caspar Fillar, An- thony Bretter, Hans Graff, Theophilus Hartman, Jr., Benjamin Witmer, Abraham Witmer, Johannes Binkley, Turst Buckwalter, Henry Neaf, Jr., Valentine Hergelrat, Henry Bassler, John Stettler, Leonhard Romler, J Leonhard Heyer, Peter Schell, John Nohaker, Michael Knoppenheffer,
Christian Leman, George Unrook. Jacob Sheffer, Valentine Keffer, Jacob Etshberger, Herman Walburn, Casper Reed, Christian Ley, Jacob Lower, Hans Moor, Johannes Blum, George Steitz, Erasmus Bluckenmeyer, George Graff: "being all of the Protestant or Reformed religion, and subjects of the Emperor of Germany, and other provinces now in amity with the King of Great Britain; every one of them was by this Act declared citizens, and all the immunities enjoyed by nat- ural liege subjects, were to be enjoyed by them." (Rupp 271.)
173S-Another Small Influx of Ger- mans.
Rupp, in his history of Lancaster County, page 273, says that about this year, many immigrants from the Palatinate settled in Brecknock Township. Among these were Jacob Guth, who erected the first grist mill; John Mussleman and Francis Diller, who erected the first distillery in Brecknock; Jacob Schneder, and Francis Eckert, Herman Deis, Chris- topher Waldhauer, William Morris and some others. This marks the opening of the northeast section of Lancaster County settlements, name-
1738-Settling of Another Lot of Palatines.
In the Pa. Gazette of Oct. 26, 1733, contains this item. "Last Saturday arrived here, the ship Davy from Hol- land with Palatines.
The Captain with both mates and one hundred and sixty passengers died on the passage and the Carpenter brought in the vessel. Most of the ships which bring Dutch passengers this year, have been visited with a sickness that has carried away a great number of Swiss.
We see by this, why a pest house or a similar method of quarantine was so badly needed. This ship had to be brought in by the Carpenter and ap- parently very few passengers were left.
Turning to Volume 17, Second Ser. of Pa. Archives, page 169, we find that this ship "Davy" was not Dutch, but German'; and came from Amsterdam. The list of passengers given in the records number 94.
We observe that two-thirds of the number died on the passage.
Among the ordinary county names in this ship we find such as Kunzler, Long, Shearer, Thomas Seber, Myers, Stein, Kellar, Frey, Wise, Fehl.Shrum, Kinzer, Subert, Khehr, Snyder, Moore, Reichert, Hoffman, Beck, Lantsinger, Wetzel, Lantz, Stoltz and others.
We see, therefor, that the sufferers mentioned in this item were ances- tors of people actually living in this county today.
1738 - Great Percentage of German Swiss Immigrants Died En Route.
From the records we have shown of the several ships names, whose ca- tastrophes we were able to describe,
267
ONE-THIRD OF SHIP PASSENGERS DIE AT SEA.
because, of the meager accounts of ancient newspapers, still on file, we are able to calculate how many thou- sands of those who started for America from Amsterdam and Rotter- dam between the years 1700 and 1750 never reached America; but died. at sea and were buried in its waters.
We cited the case of the ship that had 150 on board and arrived here with only 50 persons; and another case where one-half of the crew were lost and one-half of the passengers died; and of the ship Davy, just men- tioned in which, out of 254, fully 160 were lost and only 94 reached shore.
There were many others, no doubt, in which 50 to 100 died on the voyage and no note was ever made of them. It is therefore safe to say, that the 30,000 German Swiss immigrants who arrived here from the year 1700 until the times reaching up to the Revolu- tionary War may not have been more than two-thirds or three-fourths of those who started to reach America. That is to say, it is wholly likely that out of nearly 45,000 or 50.000 immi- grants who set sail for America in that time, 15,000 to 20.000 of them died on the voyage by diseases, hard- ships and exposure. And perhaps, many entire ship loads of them went down, of which we have no record in America at all. Those 30.000 who ar- rived here during that time, may simply be survivors of a list of nearly 50,000 who started.
1739-Ship Records for This Year.
During this year, we find & ship loads of these German Swiss people. the great straits they and their fami-
Among the common Lancaster County names we find the following:
We also find one each of the follow- ing:
Albert, Burkhart, Brenner, Barr, Cook, Christian, Dorwart, Engle, Fisher, Frey, Fox, Gerhart, Good. Hess, Kramer, Moore, Martin, Neff, Roth. Reisser, Ream. Schaeffer. Shearer, Swartz. Strauss, Weaver, Welchans, Wolpert and Zimmerman.
These German-Swiss people came in the Ship "Bilander London" - John Pipon Commander; "Jamaica Galley" -Robert Harrison, Commander; "Snow Betsy"-Richard Buden, Com- mander: "Samuel" - Hugh Percy, Commander: "Robert and Alice" - Walter Goodman, Commander: "Friendship"-William Vittery, Com- mander; "Loyal Judith" - Edward Painter, Commander, and "Lydia" -- James Allen, Commander.
1739-Many Inhabitants of Lancaster and Philadelphia Petition to be Naturalized.
In Vol. 3, Votes of Assembly. p. 334, a large number of our ancestors set forth their desire for naturaliza- tion and this action as well as the general situation in Pennsylvania on the subject of German Swiss immigra- tion the Assembly represented to Hon. Thomas Penn as follows:
To the Honorable Thomas Penn:
The address of Representative of Freeman of said province showeth :
That we have received sundry peti- tions from a great number of inhabi- tants of Philadelphia and Lancaster Counties, which we take the liberty to lay before the Proprietor setting forth
lies will be reduced to and the incon- veniency that will arise to many others though not under their cir- cumstances, if those poor people
2 Adams-3 Beckers-2 Bachmans -3 Diehls-2 Gables-4 Hoffmans-3 Klines-8 Millers-2 Smiths-4 Sny- should be removed from their present ders-2 Swenks-2 Stouts-2 Thom- habitations at the time limited by the ases2-2 Wolfes-2 Webers and 2 Weidmans.
proprietor's advertisement of Novem- ber 23 last:
268
LANCASTER COUNTY GERMAN-SWISS NATURALIZED.
Though some of these people have ----- most unwarrantably possessed them- selves of your lands and others of them very much failed in their duty in complying with their contracts, yet we hope the Proprietor will be pleased to have compassion upon their present circumstances and rather impute their falling short in that justice which they owe to your Honorable family, to their necessities and want of knowledge and due con- sideration, rather than a disregard and contempt of your right or author- ity.
And as we are of the opinion that the greatest part of these people, un- der the circumstances mentioned in said advertisements, may in time be- come useful inhabitants,-We humbly request our Proprietor to take their unhappy condition into his considera- tion, and allow them such further time, under such limitations as the Proprietor shall judge reasonable, in order to pay for and get their titles to their lands confirmed; and this house, will in a proper time, readily join with the Governor in any Act that may be judged necessary, as well as for protecting the property of the Proprietor and others from such un- just intrusions in the future, and for the preservation of the Peace of the Government, as for guarding against the danger which may arise from the great and frequent importation of foreigners: and by these means we hope the Proprietor's interest will be much advanced and the poor people much relieved.
We shall see that the wish of these people was gratitied.
1739-Lancaster County Ancestors Naturalized.
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ler, John Bushong, Nicholas Camile, John Hagey, Charles Kellar, Stephen Remsberger, Ludowick Dettenburn, Jacob Bair, Jr., Jolin Leiberger, Bar-
tholomew Shaver, Caspar Stump. Jacob Becker, Tobias Pickle, Peter Rutt, George Kline, Paul Tittenhof. fer, Mathias Tise, George Ludowick, Sebastian Graff, John Henry Basse- ler, Mattheas Yung," Jacob Shloug, Henry Michael Immel, Felix Miller, . Martin Weybrecht, Fredrick Eigel- berger, Sebastian Fink, Hans Adam Shreiner, Christian Long, Caspar Til- ler, Anthony Bretter, Leonhart Ell- maker, Andreas Bersinger, Hans
Graff, Jacob Hartman, Theopolis Hartman, Jr., Benjamin Witmer, Adam Witmer, Johannes Binkley, Turst Buckwalter, Henry Neaff, Jr., Valen- tine Heargelrat, Henry Basseler,
Johan Stetler, Leonhart Romler, Leonhart Heyer, Peter Shell, Johan Nohaker, Nicholas Miller, Johan Hock, Thomas Koppenheffer, Christian Lee- man, George Unrook, Jacob Shaffer, Valentine Keefer, Jacob Etshberger, Herman Walburn, Caspar Reed, Christian Manusmith, Nicholas Cutts, George Weyrick, Christopher Ley, Jacob Lower, Hans Moor, John Blum, George Steitz, Erasmus Buckenmeyer, and George Groff. These 78 names are all familiar ones down to this day. It is quite a satisfaction to know the date when they were thus granted full citizenship. They are spoken of in the record as of the Protestant or Reformed religion and are stated to have been subjects of the Emperor of Germany and other princes in amity with Great Britain.
At the same time a long list of Germans or Swiss of Philadelphia were naturalized. They are as fol- lows:
Johannes Dylander, Christian Grassold, Henry Shocklier, Michael Jansen Halling, Daniel Steinmetz,
May 19, of this year, the following residents of Lancaster County were naturalized, Michael Albert, William | Johannes Smith. David Deshler, Hans Albert, Leonhart Bender, George Mil- George Passage, David Seesholtz.
.
269
PHILADELPHIA NATURALIZATIONS-POVERTY OF IMMIGRANTS
Stephen Greiff, Hans George Hickner, | 1739-German Swiss Ancestors Not Sebastian Mirry, Rudolph Bonner,
Baitzazae Kessler, Jr., Joannes Zach- arias, Charles Benzel, Jr., Daniel Macjnd, Jr., Justis Reeb-Camp, Charles Reeb-Camp, Jacob Gallete, Anthony Hinkle, Peter Righter, Wil- liam Rerig, Henry Stouz, Christopher Roab, Caspar Singer, Ludowick
Knauss, William Hauke, Leonhart
Hartline, Michawl Kline, Leonhart
Kristler, Johannes Wilhelm, Ludo-
wick Cirkel, Ludowick Hinnige, George Cressman, Fredrick Gotshall, Andreas Trombourger, Jacob Troum- berger, Hartman Detterman, Philip Enghert, Jacob Coob, Henry Deinig, Johan Ditterig Bauman, Johan Kleim, Fredrick Marstaller, Mathias Koplin, Johannes Bender, Henry Deeringer, Adam Moser, Peter Jarger, Jacob Aister, Samuel Gooldin, Hans George Jarger, Andreas Kepler, Jacob Frey, Christopher Witman, Andreas Geis- berts, Benedictus Muntz, John Eigs- ter, Michael Herger, Philip Frederick Hillengas, Philip Labar, Michael Knappenberger, Michael Dotterer, George Hubner, Herman Fisher, Con- rad Kolb, George Philip Dotterer, Johan Miller, Jacob Freeh, Henry Smith, Leonhart Smith, Rowland Smith, Michael Kraus, Daniel Kreest- man, Abraham Beyer, Michael Good, George Good, Henry Snyder, Adam Reed, Christopher Ottinger, Anthony Jager, Nicolaus Jager, John Henry Weeber, Johan Jacob Roth, Johannes Geldbaugh, and Christian Gondy.
No doubt many of these are the ancestors of the great flourishing Mennonite Church of the City of Phil- adelphia, which is (among others) under the jurisdiction of that enter- prising and learned father of the faith, Bishop N. B. Grubb. (See rec- ord of this naturalization in Vol. +, St. L., p. 326.) This is the fruit of the petition set forth in the preceding item.
Able To Pay Their Passage.
We have noticed in prior articles, that some of our German Swiss ances- tors were held occasionally for their passage money. This difficulty they seemed to encounter continually. In the Pa. Gazette of April 19, 1739, it is stated, that "Whereas sundry Pala- tines are indebted for their freights in the under mentioned ships and sundry others have given their notes and bonds which have long been due; they are desired to take notice that if they do any longer neglect to come and pay their respective debts unto Benjamin Shoemaker living in High Street they may expect to be prose- cuted according to law.
The ships are as follows:
The Ship Hope, Daniel Reed com- mander-Ship Samuel, Hugh Percy commander-Ship Mercury. William Wilson commander - Ship Princess Augusta, Samuel Marchant command- er-Ship Virtuous Grace, John Bull commander-Ship Harle, Ralph Har. le commander-Ship Winter Galley, Edward Painter commander - Ship Queen Elizabeth, Alexander Hope commander-Ship Glascow, Waiter Sterling commander and the Ship Friendship, Henry Berch commander.
We can easily gather from this, that poverty was pretty generally the com- mon lot of the earliest forefathers of Lancaster County. Of course, they had opportunity ahead for making money and did make money; but they began in face pinching poverty.
1739-The Dangers of Wagoning to Philadelphia.
In the Pa. Gazette of October 25, 1739, there is an account as follows:
"On the 20th inst. as one Willmonth Brackbill, a Palatine, was driving a team on the Conestoga Road, he stepped out of the fore part of the
270
SHIP RECORDS-NATURALIZATION.
wagon, his foot slipping the wheels went over him and he was killed."
There is nothing of importance in this item, except that, undoubtedly the road ways were in a bad condition between Lancaster and Philadelphia and they had many dangers. The traveling between the two places was quite numerous and many accidents occurred. It will be remembered, we ; learned that commodities of all kinds were taken to Philadelphia in wagons.
Harris in his Biographical History of Lancaster County contains notes of this death also. (P. 5.) Where he speaks of him as Ulrich Brackbill. It may be that it was Ulrich Brackbill that was killed. As Harris says, Ulrich Brackbill was one of the most prominent of our early ancestors. He was, I am quite positive, a son of Benedict Brackbill mentioned in a. previous item of these annals. Bene- dict Brackbill was very instrumental in preventing the first ship load of Palatines from being sent by Switzer- land to the East Indies. He interced- ed with Holland not to allow such a shipment to be sent across the Hol- land dominion down the Rhine and, therefore, the project was abandoned and some of the same people after- wards came to Lancaster County.
1740-Ship Records For This Year.
During this year we find 6 ship loads of these German Swiss people. Among the common Lancaster County names we find the following:
2 Beckers-2 Freys-2 Hellars-s Millers-3 Myers-S Smiths-13 Sny- ders-4 Shoemakers-2 Walters and 3 Wolfes.
We also find one each of the follow- ing:
Arnold - Beyer - Beck - Brosius - Berger - Cramer - Casper -Cook - Fisher - Fink - Frantz - Green- awalt - Hoffman - Hall -- Hersh - Hart - Kress - King - Moore -- Marks -- Oster - Rhode - Reinhart - Reissner - Rupp - Schaeffer - Stein - Saylor - Shaeffer - Weber - Wacker and Werner.
These German Swiss people came in the Ship "Friendship," William Vit- tery master-"Lydia," James Allen master -- "Samuel and Elizabeth," William Chilton master-"Loyal Jud- ith," Lovell Painter master -- "Robert and Alice," Walter Goodman master, and "Samuel," Hugh Mercy master.
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