USA > Pennsylvania > Historic background and annals of the Swiss and German pioneer settlers of southeastern Pennsylvania, and of their remote ancestors, from the middle of the Dark Ages, down to the time of the Revolutionary War > Part 48
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1768-German Fields Destroyed by Hail.
A writer in the Pennsylvania Chron- icle of 1768 as reported in Vol. 8, Haz- ard's Register, page 124, under the title of "Hailstorm in Lancaster Coun- ty" says:
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"I now sit down, under the shade of a friendly oak in the country, in order to give you some account of the late dreadful storm here, the effects of which I have taken pains to examine, having rid. several miles for that pur- pose.
"On Friday, the 17th inst., about two .
o'clock P. M. the sky was overspread with flying clouds, apparently charged with heavy rain. The wind blew pretty fresh from the S. E. and thick- ened the clouds in the opposite quar- ter; so that about 4 o'clock there was "darkness visible" in the N. W. at- tended with a distant rumbling thun -! der, and now and then a small gleam of lightning, without any explosions. The clouds deepened more and more in the N. W. and there seemed to make a stand, being opposed by the wind from the opposite points. At half after four, they assumed a frightful appearance, and at last formed a large crescent, with its concave sides to the wind, and its inner edges tinged with a dusky violet colour. About 5 the ! will be ruined, and reduced to beg-
wind veered about to the N. W. which immediately gave motion to the clouds, and discharged a most dread- ful and destructive volley of hail. The storm then proceeded in a S. E. direc- tion, at the rate of about twelve miles in an hour, attended with a most dreadful noise, something like the sounds of cannon, drums and bells mingled together. The hail stones were of various dimensions, shapes and fornis. Some measured nine inches in circumference, some seven, whilst others were no larger than peas. As to their forms, some were globu- lar, some spheroidical, surrounded with small excresences or knobs; some elliptical, and some irregular and smooth, like pieces of broken ice. Such as were globular, were endued with so much elasticity, that they re- bounded from the ground like a tennis ball. This storm divided into several branches or veins, (if I may use such terms) all which kept the same course, but bent their fury most towards the mountains, hills and highlands. At Susquehannah the hail was as large as pigeon's eggs. At Lancaster about the size of peas; at Dunkertown, and in the Valley, between the Welch and Reading Hills, they were as large as turkey's eggs; in some other places still larger; and at Reading no hail appeared. The damage done by this storm is very great; the county of Lancaster alone, it is thought, has suffered several thousand pounds. In many places there is not a single ear of wheat, rye, barley, &c., but what is cut off; and nothing left but the green straw, bruised and beat to pieces. It is melancholy to see fine plantations, and extensive fields, which, a few days ago waved with luxuriant crops, now lying waste. Many able farmers, who expected to carry several hundred bushels of grain to market. will be obliged to buy bread for their fam- ilies: and many of the poorer kind
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346
GERMANS AND THE CONNECTICUT CLAIM.
gary. All these people are now mow- ing their late promising and rich crops, as fodder for their cattle. Their distress is truly moving and alarming. At Dunkertown, it is said (with what truth I cannot say) that cattle were killed by the hail; but certain it is, that about Muddy Creek, in this county, calves, pigs, fowls, etc., were killed in that settlement; the ground in the woods, is as thick covered with green foliage, beaten from the trees, as it is with the fallen leaves in the month of October; and in many places the birds are found dead in woods and orchards. The N. W. side of the fruit trees are barked, and all the glass windows on that side, that were not secured by shutters, are demolished; and even the rails of fences visibly show the impressions of the hail upon them. In short, this storm threw every person, who saw it, into the most dreadful consternation; for the oldest man here never saw, or heard anything like it."
1769-Ship Records of This Year.
Four vessels carrying Palatines ar- rived in Philadelphia harbor this year: The Ship "Nancy and Sueky" under Capt. William Keys from London. Sep- tember 1, with 13 passengers. The Ship "London Pacquet" under Capt. James Cook, from London, September 29, with 15 passengers. The Ship "Minerva" under Capt. Thomas Arnott, from Rotterdam. October 13, with 92 passengers. The Ship "Crawford" un- der Capt. Chas. Smith, from Rotter- dam, October 24, with 18 passengers.
The total number of passengers were 138.
Among the familiar Southeastern Pennsylvania names in the list are: Roth - Miller - Mellinger - Weller - Bentz - Dobler - Weber - Fritz - Neff -- Becker - Hess - Jacob - Weber - Schaffer - Arnold - Stumph - Ziegler - Frey - Jacob - Hinckel -- Hoffman - Flick and Miller.
1770-Ship Records of This Year.
Seven vessels carrying Palatines ar- rived in Philadelphia harbor this year: The Ship "In The Snow Neptune" un- der Thomas Edward Wallis from .Lis- bon, Portugal, July 27, with 8 pas- sengers. The Ship "The Brig Dolphin" under Capt. Geo. . Stephanson, from London, August 29, with 9 passengers. The Ship "Snow Rose" under George Ord, from Lisbon, Portugal, Sept. 10, with 7 passengers. The Ship "Min- erva" under Thomas Arnott, from Rot- terdam, October 1, with 89 passen- gers. The Ship "Brittannia" under Richard Eyres, from Lisbon, Portu- gal, October 3, with 6 passengers. The Ship "Sally" under John Osmond, from Rotterdam, October 29, with 79 pas- sengers. The Ship "Crawford" under Chas. Smith, from Rotterdam, Novem- ber 23, with 26 passengers.
The total number of passengers were 224.
Among the familiar Southeastern Pennsylvania names in the list are: Alison - Miller - Dore - Kuntz - Hess - Wolff -- Schmidt - Weber - Shultz -- Marx -- Becker - Heintz - Zimmerman - Wager - Stein - Klein - Dietz - Wagner - Petersen - Bauman - Stauffer -- Gramm - Diehl - Rohrer -- Hartmann - Seitz.
1770-Germans and the Connectiont Claim.
An item appearing in Vol. 9, of Col. Rec. 663 gives us information of the early life of our ancestral German- Swiss people in Wyoming Valley, of the traitorous conduct of brother Ger- mans under Connecticut Yankees. This is the region in which massa- cres occurred later, perpetrated by the. Indians, and the region in which dur- ing the gloom of the Revolutionary War General Hand led an expedition exterminating the Indians.
The item is a report made to the Colonial Council and is as follows:
347
INDUSTRY OF PIONEER GERMAN WOMEN.
"Mr. Tighman communicated to the Board a Letter he had just received by Express from Charles Stewart, Esquire, dated at Easton, the 2d In- stant, which informs him that on Wednesday the 2Sth of last month, the New England Men, accompanied by a number of Germans, appeared before the Houses at Wyoming, pos- sessed People under the Proprietaries, whooping, Yelling, and Swearing they would have the Prisoners which had been taken from them, and after ex- pressing much abusive Language they began to Fire upon the People in the Houses, who immediately returned the Fire, by which one of the Germans was shot Dead, and thereupon the New England Men, etc., returned to the Fort, etc.
The said Letter contains several other particulars relating to the Con- duct of the Connecticut People at Wyoming. (Vide Letter and its in- closures.)
The Board taking into Considera- tion the best Measures to be pursued on this Occasion, advised the Governor to write a letter to General Gage in- forming him of the riotous Conduct of the Connecticut People in taking possession of the Proprietary Lands at Wyoming, and of the Legal Meas- ures used by this Government to re- move them and prevent further Dis- turbances, and also requesting the Aid of the King's Troops to support the Civil Government in the Execution of its legal Authority on any future Exigency.
This was one of the raids made by the Connecticut people and some Ger- man sympathizers with them, trying to enforce the famous Connecticut claim. The claim made was that a part of northern and northeastern Pennsylvania belonged to New Eng- land Colonies. Connecticut was the leader."
1770-Spinning and Weaving of the Industrial German Women of Lancaster.
"In 1770 and before, an elaborate textile manufacture was carried on here by our industrious German mothers, God bless them. In the year May 1, 1769, to May 1, 1770, cotton, woolen and linen goods, consisting of clothing, bed clothing, curtains, etc.,. of thirteen varieties, made by the women of Lancaster, reached 28,000. yards reported, with materials in the looms for 8,000 yards more and many more not reported at all, as the Ger- mans feared it was sought for taxa- tion. One good mother alone, while at the same time she was proprietor of one of the principal hotels in the town wove 600 yards herself (Pa. Gaz., June 14, 1770).
1771-Ship Records of This Year.
Nine vessels carrying Palatines ar- rived in Philadelphia harbor this year: The Ship "Pennsylvania Packet" un- der Peter Osborne, from London, June 17, with 7 passengers. The Ship "Brig America"' under William Copeland, Lattimore, from London. July 27, with 12 passengers. The Ship "Minerva" under Thomas Arnott, from Rotter- dam, September 17, with 98 passen- gers. The Ship "London Packet" un- der Capt. Cook, from Lisbon, Portu- gal, Sept. 19, with 9 passengers. The. Ship "Brigantine Recovery" under
Bull, from Rotterdam, Oct. 31. with 51 passengers. The Ship "Tiger" under George Johnston. from Rotter- dam, Nov. 19, with 108 passengers. The Ship "Crawford" under Charles Smith, from Rotterdam, Nov. 25, with $ pas- sengers. The Ship "Brig Betsy" un- der Andrew Bryson, from London, Dec. 1, with 38 passengers. The Ship "General Wolfe" under Richard Hun- ter, from Lisbon, Dec. 10, with 10 pas- sengers.
The total number of passengers were 341.
348
GERMANS AND SILK PRODUCTION ON SUSQUEHANNA.
Among the familiar Southeastern Penna. names in the list are: Bach- man - Rohrer - Eckman - Stahl - Hepp - Miller - Schaffer - Wentz - Kuntz - Oster - North - Wag- ner - Heiss - Kurtz - Wenger -
- erman - Weber - Benner --- Thomas -- Becker - Schneider - Wagner Apple - Beyer - Steinbecker - Martin - Marx - Weill - Zimmer- man - Trexler - Wolff - Herr - Smith and Berger.
1771-Silk Production in Lancaster County This Year.
In Vol. 1 Haz. Reg., page 63, there is an account of cocoons (or silk balls) purchased in Philadelphia and among them there is mention of cer- tain of them which came from Lan- caster. Among these Lancaster pro- ducers were Samuel Davis who pro- duced seven pounds and 8 ounces- John Ashbridge who produced 39 pounds and 8 ounces-Caleb Johnson 44 pounds and 4 ounces -- William Heny 16 pounds and Isaac Whitlock; as it took a great many cocoons to make a pound, their yield as stated above was quite considerably large.
1772-Ship Records of This Year.
Eight vessels carrying Palatines ar- rived in Philadelphia harbor this year: The Ship "Hope" under John Roberts, from London, Feb. 24, with 23 passen- gers. The Ship "Minerva" under James Johnston, from Rotterdam, Sept. 30, with 39 passengers. The Ship "Craw- ford" under Charles Smith, from Rot- terdam, Oct. 16, with 94 passengers. The Ship "Catharine" under Sutton, from Rotterdam, Oct. 19, with 19 passengers. The Ship "Phoebe" under Castle, from London, Oct. 19, with 6 passengers. The Ship "Sally"
The Ship "Bright Morning Star" under Georg Demster, from Rotterdam, Dec: 24, with 44 passengers. The total number of passengers were 318.
Among thie familiar Southeastern Pennsylvania names in the list are: Straub - Schmidt - Berger - Ack -: Vast - Wohler - Jacob - Ziegler -
Hartmann - Beck - Miller - Bentz - Kessler - Hoffman - Zimmerman
- Ziegler - Beyer - Rupp - Mul-
ler - Winter - Stauffer - Eberly - Smith - Stump - Hess - Vogel - Lindeman - Wertz - Paul - Kock -- Lehman - Ostertag - Dieterich - Meyer - Hoover - Pfautz - Hentz Richards - Hoffmann - Turner.
1722-Great Silk Production in Lan- caster County.
Our German women took great pride in the textile industry, in early times. They were very industrious. In secur- ing clothing for the family, they were compelled to do in those times a great deal that is done by machinery and in great mills now.
In silk production in 1722 in Penn- sylvania for the greatest number of cocoons and best reeled silk, Lancas- ; ter County led the entire state, (Phil- adelphia city included) in quantities and quality, Widow Stoner herself having raised 72,800 cocoons, Caspar Falkney 22.845 cocoons, and Catharine Steiner 21,800 cocoons. All of these producers were Germans living in this county. Chester and Philadelphia counties and city fell far behind. (Pa. Gaz., March 17, 1773.)
1772-Banking and Agricultural Com- merce of Our Local German-Swiss.
We are given a picture in the Pa. Gaz. of January 2, of this year of the manner of doing banking business and of marketing farm products. It is stated that "Henry Funk of Manor under John Osmond, from Rotterdam, | Township on Dec. 19, sent his wagon Nov. 3, with 53 passengers. The Ship : with flour to Newport and gave the wagoner Philip Jacobs an order to "Hope" under George Johnston, from Rotterdam, Dec. 3, with 40 passengers. bring 40 pounds or 50 pounds in cash
349
GERMAN REDEMPTIONARIES AND PASSAGE MONEY.
from James Latimore and a neighbor Jacob Genter likewise gave him an order to bring for himself and others 100 pounds from James Latimore and Jacob having received the cash bought a horse at Newport left his wagon 5 miles on this side of the town and went off. He is 30 years old "Dutch" 41/2 feet high sandy hair and copper red face, white eye brows, gray eyes, large teeth and one crooked leg. Had on a blanket coat, a blue great coat leather breeches, crown boots, yarn stockings. Ten pounds reward and charges."
In this we also see that the agricul- tural products of the Susquehanna valley were sent by wagon to distant points-in this case to Newport on the seashore; and that long wagon trips were a common thing in those days. We also see the dishonesty of the times.
ords include only adults or children and infants also. It is certain that there were a number of females on board; but likely not as many as males. The following is a list as given in the record.
The names are as follows:
John Kreble-Nicholaus Scheuerman Ludwig Schneider-Hans Georg Ben- ner-Sebastian Willie-Nicholas Grun- enwald -- Peter Wagner-H. Jacob Wag- ner-Johannes Muller -- Johann Jacob Beyerle-Dominicus Heyrom-Johann Lautenschlager-Peter Wasser-Henry Apple - Anthony Klein - Johnaanes Heigle-Caspar Beyer-Nicklaus Koh- ler-Jacob Burg-George Hann-Jonas Bleech-Gustavus Muller - Peter Od- ern-Wilhelm Kumpf-Johannes Ihrig -Henrich Ricker --- George Eissenring - Joh. Gottlieb Steinbecker - Johann Adam Low-Johan Caspas Lorentz- Johan Wilhelm Schneider - Johann 1772 "Poverty of Some of the Ger- man-Swiss Immigrants." Nickel Martin-Johann Ludwig Starck - Johan Conard German - Johannes Peter Reusch-Johannes Schott-Joh- In the Gazette of January 23, this year (1772) there is a notice dated at Philadelphia, Jan. 20, 1772, stating that "There still remain several Ger- man families on board the ship "Tyger," George Johnston, Master, lying in the Bird-in-hand Wharf whose freight are to be paid to Willing & Morris. These families are willing to serve a reasonable time for their freight money and credit will be given to those that want it on giving bonds bearing interest." In this item we see again the extreme poverty of many of the German-Swiss immigrants who came to Pennsylvania and settled in the Schuylkill and Susquehanna valleys. annes Nitzel - Georg Volck - Peter Kessler - Johannes Benner - Jacob Marx - Peter Trexler - Jacob Kessler -George Michael Weiss-Jacob Sam- uel Golde - Johann Michael Beltz - George Mich Raffenberger -- Johann Wilhelm Fleck - Hen. Jac. Rauben- heimer - Joh. Hen. Lautenschlager - George Henrich Kindle - Johannes Waltman-Johann Christ Jager-Joh- ann Peter Weill-Johann Daniel Cleiss -Lewis Noy -- Sebastian Unacht-Mar- tin Eberts - Adam Steiner - Henry Webber - Nicholas Jost - Matheis Fauth -- Johannes Motte - Friederich Foltz-Jacob Hoffman-Nicholas Hoff- man-Jacob Ihrig-Johannes Lupp- Chritoph Storner -- Henrich Mulberger When we turn to this ship we find that it landed Nov. 19, 1771 (Vol. 17 Second Series Penna. Archives, p. 497) and that it carried 118 male passen- gers. There is no list of the number -Martin Grahn - Johann Freiderich Dorr - Johann Peter Schrig - Johann Georg Horn - John Bernard Leyer - Hans Heinrich Zimmerman-Gottfried Kuhner-Johannes Leonhardt Henn- of females; and we are not able to tell Johann Adam Dracker-Johann Leon- whether the names stated in the rec-
hard Ragel-Coard Meyer-Johannes
:350
EMANUEL ZIMMERMAN'S PROMINENCE.
:
Muller - Leonard Kessler - Johannes Schneider-Carle Benner-Martin Ben- ner-Adam Grosshart-Michael Trex- ler - Conrad Haasee - Joh. Daniel Schwanfelder - Johann Nicolas Fuchs -John Le Port - Hans Georg Acker- mann-Georg Simon Grun - Johannes Wucherer-Johannes Willmann-Nicl- aus Samuel Golde-George Friederich Kuchle - Wilhelm Schmidt - Johan Georg Scheuermann-Johann Michael Ihrig-John Noy-Johannes Schletzer -John Jorts-Jacob Scheibly-Adam Als-Johannes Reusch-Johann Jacob Menges-Johannes Kiebel-Hans Mich
Lautenschlag - Anton Eberhardt - Philip Egle-Christ Jeremias Schmidt -- Conrad Radman - Jacob Sanner - Johan Georg Lautenschlager-Conrad Von Halt-Andreas Ehmer.
Many of the above German-Swiss descendants are living today and in affluence and have not the slightest idea of the poverty of those days.
172-Emmanuel Zimmerman Fore- . most Local German-Swiss.
1
In the Penna. Gazette of October 14, 1772, we find that, unlike most men, Emmanuel Zimmerman was elected to -office again and again against his will; and begged his constituents many times to release him from fur- ther holding political office. But his reputation and character and the re- sults which he obtained for his com- munity and state were so great that the people would not heed his request to be released but kept on electing him. Finally in 1772 he came to a positive resolution not to hold office any longer. This final decision the people accepted but not without pass- ing a resolution of their respect for him.
He was a citizen of Lancaster Bor- ough and the whole Borough in its corporate capacity passed the resolu- tion and sent it to him. His attitude toward public office and the manner in which he discharged his duty are a
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beautiful and splendid example to modern office-holders and servants of the public. The resolution is found in the Pa. Gaz. Oct. 14, 1772, and also in Harris' History of Lancaster County, page 130, and is as follows :-
"To Emmanuel Carpenter, Esq., late one of the Representatives in the As- sembly for the County of Lancaster:
Sir: The burgesses, assistants, etc., of the borough' of Lancaster met this day, at the request of a number of the reputable inhabitants of the borough, and being sensible of your services as one of the Representatives for the county of Lancaster in the General Assembly of the Province, these sev- enteen years past, have directed that the thanks of the corporation be of- fered to you, with the assurance of their approbation of your steady and uniform conduct in that station. And as you have declined serving your country in that capacity, I am charged to mention, that it is the earnest wish of the inhabitants of Lancaster that you may be continued in the commis- sion of the peace and a judge in our country, where you have so long pre- sided, and deservedly acquired and supported the character of an upright and impartial magistrate, &c.
By order of the Burgesses and As- sistants,
Casper Shaffner, Town Clerk. (Signed)
Lancaster, October 3, 1772."
To which Emmanuel Carpenter made answer as follows:
"To the Burgess of Lancaster County:
The appreciation you express of my conduct as a representative and mag- istrate for this County gives me great satisfaction. I hope to continue to deserve your great opinion by en- deavoring to discharge any trust re- posed in me with impartiability and fidelity.
Emmanuel Carpenter."
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351
PHILADELPHIA AND BALTIMORE BID FOR GERMAN TRADE.
. A similar resolution of respect and confidence was passed at the same time in compliment to George Ross; and appears in the same issue of the Penna. Gaz .; but as he is not a Ger- man-Swiss but of English extraction the article does not properly fall into these annals.
1773-Lancaster County Clover Seed Again Commended.
In the Penna. Gaz. April 14, 1773, appears the following item :-
Lancaster County Red clover seed of the last year's growth to be sold by Benjamin Paulley at the sign and "Crown of the Anvil" on Market Street above Fourth and opposite to the sign of the Conestoga wagon. This shows that at that time the German- Swiss farmers of Lancaster County were producing a very superior article.
1773-German-Swiss Redemptioners.
In the Penna. Gaz. of Sept. 22, 1773, the following notice is inserted with special reference to Lancaster County farmers calling attention to the num- ber of young German-Swiss passen- gers who are willing to bind them- selves out for several years to pay for their passage :- "Lancaster Co.
German Passengers:
Just arrived in the Ship Brittenna, Johnes Peters master a number of healthy German passengers chiefly young people whose freight are to be paid to Johannes Fisher and Sons or to the master on board ship lying off draw bridge."
This gives us a view of the hard- ships and difficulties of the remote ancestors of Lancaster County.
1773 -- Establishment of Glass Factory by a German.
The Pennsylvania Gazette of Mar. 17, 1773, contains the notice that:
"The proprietor of the American Flint Glass Manufactory at Manheim
Lancaster County with the advice of many gentlemen of Philadelphia City has offered a scheme of lottery to the patronage of the public to enable him to carry on a manufactory of public advantage and to raise a sum of money for that and other beneficent purposes, in the scheme mentioned."
This was the Stiegel factory, which though it had been in operation some years needed more capital than it then could command. Stiegel the famous German of whom we all know, and other early German-Swiss people whom he had associated with him made a very superior line of glass- ware in Lancaster County at that time.
1773-Philadelphia and Baltimore Riv- als for German Trade and Produce of Susquehanna Valley
In the Gazette of April 7, 1773, it is stated that :.
"There are many anonymous hand- bills of great complaints about the badness of the Lancaster Road by rea- son of which the writer says we will lose the western trade. The inhabi- tants of Lancaster, York and Cumber- land counties carry a great part of their produce to the landings on Christiana Creek, Elk River, and Bal- timore. Christiana Creek has always been a near and safe way to transport the produce of the Counties of Chester and Lancaster to the markets of Phil- adelphia and always will be. This trade was early encourged by some of the ablest and best merchants of the Province. The people who are most alert in keeping good roads to Christi- ana landing deserve the hearty thanks of the public.
You will find that there is but one main road from the back counties to Baltimore and thereby the inhabitants are able to keep it in good repair.
On the other hand by several roads being laid out from Susquehanna to Philadelphia they are all very bad and
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352
STATE OF GERMAN-SWISS IMMIGRATION.
spoil trade. And the new one now to | dam Sept. 27, 97 passengers. The Ship be opened and ordered by the Gov- ernor and council is laid out in sight of the old one and very erroneously laid out by those who wish to in- crease their land to sell. It is laid out on the worst and swampiest ground all the way to the "Ship Tavern."
Our predecessors formerly judged very right in laying out the public roads to Lancaster. They looked for the highest and best ground and made it central to the inhabitants whose in- terest it is to go to the "landings" and to Conestoga and Tulpehocken settlements. Let us repair the old road. It will cost only one-tenth as much as to make a new one."-A Friend of Liberty."
In this we see early road politics- also the deep concern with which Phil- adelphia viewed Baltimore as a rival for the Susquehanna trade. Then too we see that considerable of the Ger- man-Swiss rural development and progress in Susquehanna Valley de- pended on the highways to the big business centers of Philadelphia and Baltimore.
1773-Ship Records of This Year.
"Hope" under George Johnson Oct. 1, from Rotterdam, 75 passengers. The Ship "Charming Molly" under Robert Gill from Rotterdam Oct. 22, 60 pas- sengers. The Ship "Crawford" under Charles Smith from Rotterdam Oct. 25, 66 passengers. The Ship "Snow Nep- tune" under Thomas Edward Wallace, from Lisbon Nov. 23, 5 passengers. The Ship "Fame" under James Dun- can from Lisbon, Nov. 24, 3 passen- gers. The Ship "Clementina" under Patrick Brown from Lisbon Dec. 7, 7 passengers. The Ship "Montague" un- der Win. Pickels from Lisbon, 36 pas- sengers.
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