USA > Pennsylvania > Lackawanna County > Ransom > History and directory of Newton and Ransom townships, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania; > Part 17
USA > Pennsylvania > Lackawanna County > Newton > History and directory of Newton and Ransom townships, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania; > Part 17
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37
BALD MOUNT METHODIST CHURCH
The M. E. Church at Newton Centre was organized in November, 1846. The first trus- tees were Jacob Smith, Nathaniel Richards, Timothy Drake, Peter Bedell, Jesse Beemer, Alexander Beemer, George Albright, Noah Pa- trick and John Meiss. In 1847, Peter Bedell, Jacob Smith, James VanSickle, Nathaniel Richards and Peter Rutan were appointed the building committee who had a church erected at a cost of $600.00, which was dedicated the same year. After holding occasional revivals, with a steady increase of membership for twenty-eight years, the old house of worship was abandoned on the Sth of December, 1875. This building is standing beside the Baptist church at Newton Centre in a delapidated con- dition.
The present site was purchased of William C. Ayers in 1875. The church is 32x44 feet, has a class room 18x28 feet, a vestibule 8x16 feet, and its steeple was 80 feet high. It cost $4,204.00 and was dedicated Dec. 9, 1875 by Rev. Dr. Reuben Nelson during the pastorate of Rev. Isaac Austin, Rev. R. L. Dashiell preaching in the morning and Rev. I. T. Wal-
PASTORATES
Prior to 1851 this charge was with Abington and the names of the pastors are not available. 1851, E. F. Roberts; 1852, J. D. Safford : 1853, C. L. Rice: 1854-55, J. LaBar; 1856, P. Hol- brook; 1857, J. W. Munger; 1858, C. Perkins ; 1859, D. Personens; 1860-61, J. LaBar; 1862- 63, G. W. Leach: 1864-65, I. N. Pardee; 1866, A. J. VanCleft; 1867-68, I. Austin ; 1869-70, R. S. Rose; 1871-73, A. Brigham: 1874, A. J. Arnold: 1875-77, I. Austin; 1878-80, Wn. Shelp; 1881-83. F. Gendall; 1884-85, H. (. Harned; 1886-88, J. R. Angell; 1889-90, A. II. Maryott; 1891-95, J. C. Johnson; 1896-98, G. C. Jacobs; 1899-1901. A. Wrigley: 1902-03, E. McMillan; 1904, I. J. Smith: 1904, C. W. Smith: 1905, C. H. Wooley; 1906, C. W. Smith, 1907-09, H. W. Thomas; 1910-11, W. S. Wilcox; 1912, W. C. Wolcott.
Newton charge was in the Wyoming Dis- trict until 1891, when it was changed to the Binghamton District, and in 1910 it was added to the Wilkes-Barre District. H. C. McDermott is District Superintendent.
The name of this charge was changed from
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HISTORY OF NEWTON TOWNSHIP
Newton to Bald Mount in 1904.
The Newton circuit was taken from part of Abington circuit at its formation in 1851 with nine places of worship, namely: Newton Cen- tre, Milwaukie, Falls, Mill City, Lake Winola, Shook's School-house, West Abington, Schultz- ville and LaGrange. In 1888 the charge was divided, Falls charge being formed out of some of the appointments of Newton charge. Shook's appointment was dropped about 1875. Since 1888 Newton charge has embraced Newton, Schultzville and Milwankie.
school-houses and wherever most convenient. January 18, 1868, Dr. H. S. Cooper, Rev. J. C. Sherman, Johnson Roloson, Jacob Biesecker and E. Taylor were appointed a building com- mittee. The church building was dedicated Nov. 28, 1871, by Rev. W. P. Helling of Scran- ton. It is built of wood, size 36x50 feet and was neatly finished and furnished. The church property was valued at $5,000.
After Mr. Sherman, Rev. George Lukins preached a year and Rev. Newell Callender three years; Rev. W. G. Comstock, 1880-85;
OLD M. E. CHURCH AND BAPTIST CHURCH, BALD MOUNT
BAPTIST CHURCH.
The Newton Baptist church is an outgrowth of the Falls Baptist church, and was constituted in the spring of 1828, in the eastern part of Falls, now Newton township, with four mem- bers: Elias Smith, Samuel Mittan, Catherine Litts and Mrs. Fritchell. Rev. Isaac D. Jones, a licentiate of the church at Exeter, was the preacher until 1833. Rev. John Miller preach- ed occasionally from 1836 to 1839, and Rev. James Clark part of 1840.
February 2, 1845, the Falls Baptist church was formally disbanded, and the Newton Bap- fist church organized. Rev. Silas Finn preach- ed half the time during the next three years, and in 1853 Rev. John Miller accepted a call to preach half the time. February 9, 1857, he be- came pastor, and H. S. Cooper and Benjamin Rosenkrans were elected deacons. Rev. Charles Parker succeeded Mr. Miller, and preached till March. 1859. Rev. J. C. Sherman till December, 1861. and in the summer of 1862, when he entered the army as chaplain. Till April, 1867. the church was without a pastor. Then Rev. J. C. Sherman preached a year.
All this time the church had been meeting in
Newald Colender, 1885-'89; Mark Park, 1889- '92; Thomas Baker, 1892-1904. There has been no pastor since 1904. Thirty members were enrolled at that time. .
The Sunday school was organized in 1872. John Coon was the first superintendent.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
On Oct. 29, 1833, the Presbyterian church of Newton Centre was organized by Rev. J. Rhoades and Rev. J. Dorrance with fourteen charter members, namely: Samuel Clark and Elizabeth, his wife; Isaac Rozelle and Margaret, his wife: Peter Ayers and Maria, his wife; Pe- ter Corselius and wife, Peter Richards and wife, Mrs. Matilda Rozelle, Mrs. Mary Carman, Sarah Comstock and Mrs. Harriet Thompson.
Althoughi they were poor, and their families were getting along with the bare necessities of life, they erected a comfortable house of wor- ship in 1848, on a lot donated by W. C. Ayres This was a neat church edifice, built of wood. being the one now standing, which is in a di- lapidated condition. It is a sad reflection upon those who are now occupying the places of
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HISTORY OF NEWTON TOWNSHIP
those sturdy pioneers, and enjoying the fruits of their labors, and have not energy and interest enough to keep the church in decent repair.
Horace Collum was the first Sunday School superintendent.
The first deacons were Peter Richards and Samuel Clark and the first elders were Peter Corselius and Peter Ayers. The first meetings were held in school-houses, and Rev. J. Rhoades was the first minister after the organization, who filled the pulpit two years. Rev. N. G. Parke of Pittston then supplied the church every four weeks. Rev. Owen Brown preached once every two weeks for about two years; Rev. Jonathan Osmond was pastor from 1848 for about ten years; Rev. Wm. C. Holmes came in the latter
THE SEVENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CHURCHI
During the pastorate of Rev. Henry Cardew, the Presbyterian church celebrated the seventy- fifth anniversary of its organization, October 29, 1908. By request of the pastor, D. W. Richards delivered the following address :
As a people we are in the habit of meeting to- gether at certain times to celebrate great events. Some of these are of national importance and are participated in by all people in all parts of our great country, Such is the 4th of July, which commemorates the declaration of our independence as a nation. Such is the 22d of February, the birthday of George Washington. But today we meet to celebrate the seventy-fifth anniversary of the organization of the Presbyterian church of New-
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PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND THE OLD ACADEMY HALL, Bald Mount.
part of 1857 and filled the pulpit until April, 1859; Rev. J. B. Adams from May, 1859 to Feb. 7, 1864; Rev. John H. Sargent from May, 1864 to September, 1869; Rev. A. G. Harned from March 6, 1870 to May, 1876; Rev. John S. Hanna from December, 1877 to January, 1879. Revs. J. M. Phillips, J. A. Muir, G. G. Smith, A. M. Higgins, T. S Bagranoff and H. Cardew were the ministers since January, 1879. Rev. HI. Cardew remained two years, until 1909 Since then the church has been without a pas- tor.
In 1901, during the pastorate of Rev. A. M. Higgings, the church was repaired. A bell was purchased at a cost of $125. The donors were D. W. Richards, John Hice, Charles H. Biesecker, Adam Thompson, (now living in Scranton ) and George W. Beemer. Each gave $25.00.
ton, an event that perhaps only a few now living in this vicinity are particularly interested, and yet, who will dare to say that it Is of less importance than any of the events we celebrate. Who call understand and fully realize just what it means, or how far reaching the influence of a church of Al- mighty God is? Not until the last trumpet shall sound shall we know what a power for good New- ton church has been in this community. I hold in my hand a slip of paper upon which are writter the names of the charter members who composed this church at the time of its organization seventy- five years ago, fourteen in all, nine women and five men. ( See names in preceding article. ) All have passed away from earth and gone to their reward, hut they have left an inheritance to us, that to me is very dear. I love Newton church as I could love no other. You may ask me why my affections are so strong for this church? I answer it was the church of my father, and as I love, honor and re- vere his memory, so I love his church. Some of you perhaps may never know the heart pangs 1 have suffered, when some who bear the name of my father have deserted his church. Some of you
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HISTORY OF NEWTON TOWNSHIP
know the history of Newton church; her days of sunshine and shadows, (as I had almost said, her successes and failures) but how little we know what constitutes success or failure in God's arrange- ments here. It is true there have heen times of deep depression and gloom when we were without a pastor, an under shepherd to go out and in be- l'ore this people; and worse still when some within the fold to whom this church ought to be as dear as it is to me, have sought to merge her with an- other, and thus close her doors and ahandon her courts. But I thank God today that Newton church still lives, Aye, and will live when the names of those who sought to disrupt her shall have passed into oblivion. And I am thinking just now
the Rev. Jonathan Osmond, and supporting him on either side I see Elders Ayers, Collum, Richards and Dersheimer; but, oh! what a mighty host are following them whose faces I do not know. I ask, who are all these and what does it all mean? The answer comes to me, these are they who have come up through Newton Presbyterian church. And
now I begin to realize something of the magnitude of the work that has been done by this church; and as I see them marching upward to Zion, hring- ing their sheaves with them, I indulge the hope that in all coming time at least nine women and five men may he found here to perpetuate the organization that was effected seventy-five years ago, and which today we celebrate.
NEWTON CENTRE SCHOOL-HOUSE AND THE P. O. S. OF A. BUILDING
if my father can look down upon this celebration, (and who will dare to say he cannot, for are they not all ministering spirits) and if I could hear his voice, what do you think he would say? I imagine it would be something like this: My son hear aloft the banner of Newton church; unfurl it to the breeze of heaven; transmit to coming generations what we have bequeathed to you. Yes, my friends, this is one of the happiest days of my life. I am so thankful that my life has been spared, and I permitted to participate in this celebration; and as I stand here today within these sacred walls on Presbyterian Hill, my thoughts go on before me, and my feelings and vision are akin to those John had when on the isle of Patmos. I seem to see a great throng gathering from North, South, East and West, and they are all coming toward this hill, and as they come nearer I recognize some of the faces. In advance of all the rest are nine women and five men arrayed in white and crowns upon their heads, and closely following them 1 recognize
P. O. S. OF A. CAMP No. 528
The local camp, No. 528, Patriotic Order Sons of America was organized at Bald Mount, March 24, 1893 in the old Academy Hall near the Presbyterian church, with forty-seven char- ter members. Rev. J. C. Johnson, minister of the Methodist church at that time, was elected the first president. Wm. A. Hice and a few others were instrumental in having the camp instituted.
Four years later the camp purchased a lot adjoining the Newton Centre school-house, and in the fall of 1897 erected a two-story and base- ment building, size 26x46 feet, the upper floor being used for a hall where the members meet twice a month. The first floor has a large front room furnished with tables, and a smaller room
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HISTORY OF NEWTON TOWNSHIP
in the rear for a kitchen, equipped with a stove, dishes and every necessary article for preparing and serving a first-class dinner.
The camp is in a flourishing condition, hav- ing over $1,000 in the bank. There were sev- enty-seven members April 1, 1912. The camp has been running over nineteen years, and has lost by death only one beneficiary member and one honorary member.
ticed for a few months after 1850, and was fol- lowed by Dr. J. Keeney, from Laceyville. He died in the Spring of 1852. Dr. James Decker was the next physician. He died here in 1860. Dr. J. A. Hann came to Newton Centre in 1860 and practiced about twenty-five years.
Dr. P. F. Hubler, of Huntington, Pa., gradu- ated from the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, in 1877, and located in Newton
M. E. CHURCH AND SCHOOL-HOUSE, SCHULTZVILLE
BALD MOUNT LODGE, No. 731, I. O. OF G. T.
An Independent Order of Good Templars was organized at Newton Centre, July 30, 1869 with fifty charter members. For several years it was in a flourishing condition, holding regular meetings on Friday evening of each week in Good Templars' Hall. (The old Academy Building.)
It enrolled over 300 members and had a full treasury. Miss Jennie Petty, a sister of Mil- ton Petty, was an active member of this lodge, and an earnest advocate and worker in the tem- perance cause.
December 26, 1884 the Newton Division Sons of Templars, No. 31 was organized in Good Templars' Hall. They ran for about five years.
THE PHYSICIANS OF NEWTON.
Dr. Andrew Bedford was the first practicing physician in Newton, and was succeeded by Dr. Hiram Nichols, who lived in Abington. Dr. II. S. Cooper, who studied medicine with B. A. Benton, M. D., of Tunkhannock, and graduated from the Pennsylvania Medical College at Phil- adelphia, located at Newton Centre in 1842; left in 1850; came back in 1858 and remained until his death, June 28, 1902, excepting a year he spent in the army. Dr. S. M. Wheeler prac-
the same year, where he practiced for about ten years, when he moved to West Pittston, where he is now practicing. Dr. Charles D. Mackey practiced here for about six months, coming from Montrose about 1886. Dr. C. E. Richards located here about 1885 and practiced about five years, when he moved to Seranton. In October, 1891, Dr. F. I. Smith came from Clifford and remained until January, 1897. Dr. Richard and Dr. Smith graduated from Jefferson Medical College. William H. Newman, graduated from the Jefferson Medical College in 1896, and came to Newton December 31, 1896, practicing here ever since.
SCHULTZVILLE
This hamlet was founded and named in 1858 by John B. Schultz, who then owned all the land and other property here. Thirty years ago Schultzville was a thriving village of nearly 200 inhabitants, but since the removal of the tan- nery about 1882, the people were not able to find employment and moved to other localities, and today not over thirty persons are found.
Schultzville contains a school-house, two small stores, a blacksmith shop and one church, the Methodist, being on the Bald Mount charge, having services every Sunday, One store is
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HISTORY OF NEWTON TOWNSHIP
owned by George Sherman, keeping a stock of groceries and a line of dry goods usually kept in a small country store. Philip Harlos keeps a small stock of groceries and a stock of the different kinds of feed and grain. The black- smith shop is owned and operated by Wesley A. Winter.
SCHULTZVILLE SCHOOL
The first log school-house was built about 1845 about a rod south of the present building. 1). W. Richards was one of the early teachers. This was known for many years as the "Hog- pen School-house." Patrick Ketty taught school in this building about 1860.
THE SCHULTZVILLE CHURCH
The Chapel at Schultzville was built by John B. Schultz in 1861, and was for several years used jointly for school and religious purposes. Since the building of a school-house the chapel is used exclusively for religious meetings.
It was bought by the society in 1885 for $250.00, and it is now valued at $700.00. Be- fore the erection of this building the Methodists worshiped in the school-house at Weiss' Corners. In 1908 the building was remodeled.
THE KEYSTONE TANNERY
was a thriving industry of Schultzville about thirty years ago. It was established by John
FIRE-PROOF SCHOOL-HOUSE
In those days the school-house was used for entertainments and church services. One even- ing after an entertainment the door was not fastened shut, and during the night an old sow belonging to Solomon Hopkins, who lived near, entered the building. after which the door was closed, either by the hog or the wind. Three or four days later she was found with a litter of young porkers. After that time it was called the "Hog-pen School-house" by every one in the community.
The second school-house was built in 1862. near Judson D. Hopkins' residence. This building was sold to Solomon Hopkins.
The present school-house was built in 1868. Miss Mary Morrow of Schultzville taught this school in 1910-'11. Twenty-three scholars were enrolled.
B. Schultz, who moved into Pennsylvania in the Spring of 1858, from Illinois. The same year in July, he began the erection of the large tannery, together with the necessary buildings for carrying on the tannery business, such as shop, storage buildings, store, tenements, etc., which was called the Keystone Tannery. Mr. Schultz carried on the business until January, 1866, when he sold the property to A. B. Mc- Kinstry and Nial T. Childs of Ulster county, New York. They carried on the business for about ten years, until May 4, 1876, at which time Mr. Mckinstry purchased Mr. Childs' in- terest, and from that time the business was con- ducted under the name of Jackson S. Schultz & Co., of New York, until about 1882, when the tannery was moved to New York and nearly all the tenement houses and other buildings were torn down.
The Keystone Tannery employed about fifty
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HISTORY OF NEWTON TOWNSHIP
men, and had a capacity for tanning 40,000 hides a year, valued at $175,000. A large farm of 500 acres was run in connection with the tannery. At that time this farm was considered the largest and most productive in the county, producing 300 tons of hay annually, and other crops. About twelve to fifteen men were em- ployed on the farm and about twenty more were employed in the woods, cutting timber and pealing bark, making a total of over eighty men employed in the tannery, on the farm and in the woods.
terms (1910-'11 and 1911-'12). In 1911-'12 fifteen scholars were enrolled, namely: Carl Beck, Norma .Beck, Leah Beck, Lloyd Beck, Esther Berry, Olive Fenton, Harry Franey, Thomas Franey, Wendall Lacoe, Wallace La- coe, Helen Lacoe, Nicholas Reed, Marjorie Reed, Gertrude Sweet and Hubert Sweet.
COSNER SCHOOL
This school was named in honor of Lewis Cosner, who came from Sussex county, N. J., in 1816 and settled upon the farm now owned by
LACOE SCHOOL-HOUSE
FIRE-PROOF SCHOOL
Barronet Rodney made the first settlement in this district in 1803, on the old Theodore Stone farm. This was the second settlement in the township.
The first school-house was built about 1840. It was a framed building. The present build- ing was erected about 1860. It was named "Fire Proof" several years ago, when it was set on fire two or three times, and each time went out, without doing but slight damage.
Miss Leona E. Winter, Bald Mount, was the teacher in 1910-'11. Twenty-one scholars were enrolled.
LACOE SCHOOL.
The first settlement in the township was made in this district in 1803, by Richard Gardner, upon the farm now owned by Peter Corselius.
The first and only school-house was built about 1860. Albert Corselius, Emily and Hat- tie Litts, Jessie Hunt and Lewis Rosenkrans were among the first teachers. Miss Vivian Bardwell. Tunkhannock, taught the last two
his grandson, Seldon S. Cosner. The first set- tlement in this district was made about 1812, or before, by Zebulon Comstock, upon the farm now owned by Mrs. Daniel W. La Rue. About the same time Parley Von Cleveland located on the farm now owned by Anthony McAndrews of Scranton (occupied by Elmer G. Swartz), and later a Mr. Lutz on the Henry Jacobs' farm, recently purchased by W. E. LaRue.
The first school-house in this district was built about 1820 on the main road from Newton to Scranton, near the present residence of Thomas Veety. It was built of hewn logs, and was known as the "Morgan School-house." The first teachers were Parley Von Cleveland, Anthony Briggs and Nancy Ackerly. Another school- house was built about 1845, near the present site. This was a framed building. It is now used for a corn house on Seldon S. Cosner's farm. Daniel Blatchley was the first teacher in this building. The third school-house was built about 1875.
PORT ROYAL SCHOOL
The first settlers in this district all came from
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HISTORY OF NEWTON TOWNSHIP
New Jersey. About 1815 John Walter and his brother, Jacob, settled on the farms now owned by Andrew Veety. John built his log-house where Mr. Veety's tenant house is now located, and Jaeob erected his rude house opposite Mr. Veety's residence. Jonas Fuller located on the farm now owned by Fred Eckel, and built his cabin across the road from the spring, about fifteen rods south of Mr. Eekel's home. Andrew Compton settled and cleared the farm now owned by L. B. Ayers, Sr., which included the farms owned by Lewis Phillipsky and Peter C. Winter. Jepthia Mittan settled on the Richard Busteed farm. .John K. Reed, a school teacher, located on the Kircher farm.
The first school-house ( the present building)
house, upon which a log school-house was built in 1838. The first school was held without door or windows, and the first teacher was Miss Harmina F. Olmstead (born Feb. 19, 1816 and died Aug. 6, 1886). She married Gideon P. MeMillan. Among the first scholars were Peter Sutton, P. K. Richards, J. B. Richards. Abram Agnew, Albert Vande Borgert, B. S. Drake and Amzi Deeker. The present school- house was built about 1861, upon the site of the first.
Miss Nora F. Biesecker, Bald Mount, was the teacher in 1911-'12. Eighteen scholars were enrolled, seven boys and eleven girls, namely : Marjorie Coon, Eliza Coon, Laura Coon. Edyth Coon. Raymond Coon, Ralph Kresge, Bertha
السيبيري
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SHOOK SCHOOL-HOUSE
was built about 1876, when George Snover was director. His adopted daughter, Mahala Suo- ver, was the first teacher. This is the smallest. school in the township, only about ten families living in the district, with a present population of less than fifty. Israel Vosburg, Jr., was teacher in 1911-'12, with about fourteen schol- ars enrolled. Richard Busteed is the oldest in- habitant, 85 years, and L. B. Ayers is next, be- ing 82 years of age.
SHOOK SCHOOL
Adam Taylor was the first settler in this dis- triet, on the farm now owned by Ira Drake. This was about 1825. He made a clearing and built his log-house near the spring, above the house where Philip Winters is living. Christo- pher Taylor, (his brother), Silas Sutton, Wil- liam Brink, David Shook and others came later.
David Shook donated the land for the school-
Nafus, Ara Nafus, Florence Newman, Mary Newman, Charles Newman, Edith Ferguson, Henry Pedrick, Merritt Pedriek, Sara Saxe, Leota Shook, Ella Vaughn and Arthur Wins- ton.
EXTRACTS COPIED FROM AN OLD MINUTE BOOK OF THE SCHOOL DIRECTORS OF NEWTON TOWNSHIP.
The Board of School Direetors of Newton township met at the house of Chauncey Sher- wood (where Andrew S. Collum is now living) Oct. 18. 1856, and agreed that there be six schools in the District of three months' dura- tion each for the coming winter. Teacher's salary not to exeeed $16.00 per month.
Direetors met at the house of C. Sherwood. March 28. 1857 and organized by electing John Shook, President ; Henry Kern, Secretary. and Peter Bedell, Treasurer.
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HISTORY OF NEWTON TOWNSHIP
Directors met at the house of C. Sherwood, Saturday, April 11, 1857 at 2 o'clock P. M., and agreed that a Schoot Tax of three mills on each dollar on the last adjusted valuation be levied for school purposes for the ensuing year, and that the schools be kept open four months during the summer. Teacher's salary not to exceed $9.00 per month; the president and secretary to issue orders therefor at the expira- tion of the term; and that the secretary of the board receive $1.00 for services rendered.
Directors met at the house of C. Sherwood June 13, 1857. and Henry R. Collum was ap- pointed collector of school taxes for the year 1857. He having accepted the appointment took the Duplicate, amounting to $242.71.
Amount of school tax levied in 1859 was $568.89 at 314 mills on the dollar. Total val- uation of property taxed in Newton in the year 1859. $175,043.00 and 197 persons taxed.
REMINISCENCES OF AN OLD TEACHER
In November. 1856, I commenced to teach. I was engaged to teach the school that is now known as the Schultzville school. The school- house was built of logs, and chinked between the logs with sticks and mud. In size it was about sixteen by twenty feet. Inside, on three sides, a board was placed along the sides at an angle of about forty-five degrees which served as a writing desk. A row of planks or slabs with holes bored in them and sticks driven in. were placed along the desk for the larger schol- ars, and a second row made in the same way but not so high for the smaller children. The house stood on the same plot of ground where the present house of more modern construction now stands. Within this little log hut, with sixty-four pupils huddled together, I spent my first winter as a country pedagogue.
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