USA > Pennsylvania > Luzerne County > Nanticoke > History of Hanover Township : including Sugar Notch, Ashley, and Nanticoke boroughs : and also a history of Wyoming Valley, in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania > Part 27
USA > Pennsylvania > Luzerne County > Ashley > History of Hanover Township : including Sugar Notch, Ashley, and Nanticoke boroughs : and also a history of Wyoming Valley, in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania > Part 27
USA > Pennsylvania > Luzerne County > Sugar Notch > History of Hanover Township : including Sugar Notch, Ashley, and Nanticoke boroughs : and also a history of Wyoming Valley, in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania > Part 27
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40
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The Buttonwood Shaft was sunk about the same time some ten or fifteen rods north of the old residence of Col. Edward Inman, deceased. A seam of coal was mined here for some time, say four or five years, but there was so much gas in it, that after taking fire a number of times it was at last abandoned in 1866. Ventilating was then done in all mines by a furnace situated near the bottom of the shafts or slopes, and having a large fire at the bottom, with a flue reaching up to the top of the shaft or slope, sometimes far above the top, the heat from the fire passing up the long flue caused a draft of air to pass through the mine. Now and since 1870 furnaces are not used, but a powerful fan is used instead, that will be described further on. The coal mined here for the few years it was in operation, was shipped to market by the canal. The shaft was near Solomon's Creek, which was dammed some eighty rods below, so as to make a canal to the breaker. This short canal led into the North Branch Canal a few rods distant. The property was consolidated with the Wilkes-Barre Coal and Iron Company, and now belongs to the Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company formed in 1874.
A shaft was sunk in 1855 on what was once the Ishmael Bennett then the Sterling, then the Holland property, a short distance below the Sugar Notch Breaker No. 9. Only horse power was used, and it was sunk only about 90 feet, and abandoned. It belongs to the Sugar Notch property of the Lehigh and Wilkes- Barre Co.
The Kimberton Company commenced sinking a shaft at Sugar Notch in 1855. It was put down about 160 feet and stopped. The company then sunk a slope near by on lower ground on a seam of coal. It was a good seam but proved to be in only a very small basin turning up again steep to the surface near by, and was nearly "pinched out" before coming out to the top of the ground
20
306
HISTORY OF HANOVER.
on that pitch. Being too shallow (some 300 feet deep) for a mine, such as was desired by the company here, it was abandoned, after an engine house and engine had been erected. The property com- ing into the hands of the Wilkes-Barre Coal and Iron Company, the machinery was returned to the shaft, and in 1864 the shaft was sunk to the depth of 360 feet to an eleven foot seam of coal. . Gangways were driven, pumps put in, breaker built, and Sugar Notch No. 9 was put into operation, with a capacity of about 800 tons per day. It belongs to the Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Company.
The coal business had greatly increased between 1850 and 1860, yet the bright anticipations of Hanover from the attempts made in 1855-6 had not been realized. The Hartford, at Ashley, and the mines at Nanticoke were the only ones worked in the township. Both together they probably shipped about 150,000 tons per year. This is only an estimate and is quite likely to be too high. This would represent an expenditure for mining of about $105,000 a year or a cost of 70 cents per ton. There are now-1884-single breakers in the township that will easily prepare four times that amount in a year.
WAGES.
In 1848-9 journeymen mechanics, skilled workmen, received wages of one dollar and twenty-five cents per day. From 1850 to 1857 the wages for such workmen was one dollar and fifty cents per day. This higher price was believed to have been caused by the discovery of gold in California and so many persons going there in consequence of it, and many of them coming back soon afterward with money enough to go into business here. Less skilled mechanics received one dollar and a quarter per day. Laborers, that is, unskilled workmen, generally received ninety cents a day, but some received a dollar.
During and after the business depression of 1857-"the panic" -laborers received eighty-five cents in the summer-the shipping season for coal-at the mines, and seventy-five to eighty cents in the winter, and no steady work at that, until the Rebellion broke out. The mines in Hanover and the neighboring coal regions could ship coal only in the summer time while the canals were
..
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307
HANOVER TOWNSHIP.
open. When they froze up and closed for the winter, the coal that was mined had to be "stocked" until the opening of navigation in the spring. These were the prices paid for work, and payment had to be taken in trade at the store. Money was not to be had.
The only paper currency or bank bills in 1857 were State bank notes, or bills. Before the panic they were nearly all at a discount, depreciated below their nominal value, outside of their own county. When the panic came many, if not most of these banks went into bankruptcy; all suspended specie payments. The holders ,of the notes or bills, rich or poor, of the bankrupt banks lost it all. These banks were probably insolvent from the beginning, and from the very first issue of their bills were unable to redeem them, and thus the people, in poverty, trouble and distres's came to 1860 -- and a great rebellion.
.Now it is believed by the writer that it will not be out of place to introduce some extracts from accounts showing the price paid for articles of necessity during the ten years past. Some other things besides the prices will be worthy of notice. Kerosene, or "coal oil" had not yet come into general use. Common whale oil, and lard oil, which was the best, were still used for lamps. A mixture called "burning fluid," was also used, but it was so ex- plosive when not pure, that it was very dangerous to use, though it gave a fine white light and was cleaner and less offensively odorous than anything else. Candles were also used, but none of these things were equal to the kerosene of the present day. The high price of flour in 1855 and 1856 was probably due to the war in the Crimea between Russia on the one side and England and France on the other. The price of these articles was what the consumer had to pay. Extracts from account-books of the time:
LIST OF PRICES FROM 185 1 TO 1860.
1851, Dec. 17-50 Ibs buckwheat flour . . at $2.50 $ 1.25
17-28 Ibs butter
.1834 5.25
1852, March 24-12 Ib tea
Apl. 21-4 Ibs coffee-Rio (green) "
May 8-I pair sale boots
July 22-I doz. eggs .17
.75 .37 1/2 .14 .56 3.50 .17
Oct. 6-4 Ibs butter .25
1.00
308
HISTORY OF HANOVER.
1853, Jan. 18-12 gal. burning fluid at $0.80 18-334 ibs lard. .15 -57
$0.40
March 4-I quart oil (whale oil) .25 .25
15-3 lbs butter .21 .63
Apl. 6-I gal. molasses =
.40 .40
June 18-I gross matches (144 boxes) .50 .50
Sept. 28-1 lbs pork (salt)
.II
.II
1854, March 10-112 bushels potatoes
.871/2 1.31
.06 .06
1855, Apl. 7-3 lbs butter
12.50
12.50
23-10 lbs sugar .
.IO
1.00
1856, June 2-I ton coal delivered . "
1.25
1.25
4
Aug. 5-100 lbs. flour (bbl. $8.50) 4.25 4.25
.16
.16
Dec. 6-1 quart fluid
1.00
.25
1857, March 31-4 lbs. sugar
.1212 .50
Feb. 28-1/2 lb. fine cut chewing tobacco "
.40
.20
= April 10-100 lbs. flour ($8) .
4.00
4.00
1858, Feb. 10-3 lbs. sugar
.121/2
.37 1/2
March 5-1 lb. butter
.24
.. Aug. 14-12 bu. potatoes "
.62
.31
1859, Nov. 5-3 lbs. sugar
"
. . 12.1/2
.371/2
Dec. 23-234 lbs. butter
.23
.63
23-2 lbs. coffee (green)
.15
.30
1860, March 14-12 bbl. flour
7.00
3.50
Aug. 22-4 lbs. butter
.20
.80
Sept. 7-2 cabbages
.08
.16
"
15-25 lbs. sugar .
.IO
2.50
Oct. 5-2 lbs. coffee (green) "
.17
.34
1
IO-I quart vinegar
.25
.75
23-I bbl. flour
= 14-I lb. candles 16
.24 6.50
3.25
" May .6-12 bbl. flour
In this account there is no intention to show any variation in prices, or the same articles would have been named all the way through, if possible. It is only to show the price of the neces- saries of life at this period, including one of the worst panics and business depressions we ever had. The wages during this period have been stated on a previous page.
309
HANOVER TOWNSHIP.
During this period there had been two plank school-houses built at Ashley-then called Coalville. Both were crowded with children during the school terms. They were both arranged with desks against the walls. The yearly term of school was four months in the winter. The Hartford Coal Company had built their breaker in 1856, and many new dwellings had been erected in con- sequence. They shipped their coal by canal at South Wilkes- Barre, and by canal at White Haven on the Lehigh.
There was a school-house at Sugar Notch of the old style of internal arrangement, erected of frame in 1840, but still amply sufficient in size for all the children within reach of it. There was a school-house at Buttonwood on the cross-road leading from Ashley to River Road, small, but large enough for all. The same old school-house still stood on the "Green" on the River Road near the Red Tavern, and was used for schools. The same old one at Keithline's was yet in use. All these had desks around the room against the walls in the old style. Each of them was only one story high and had but one room. The same basement school- house was in use in Nanticoke. The Hoover Hill school-house, a frame erected in 1839, had the desks and seats made for only two persons to sit at, and were arranged in columns facing the teacher, the same as is usual now. This was the first of its kind, and it seems strange that this plan was not copied in all the houses built later, but it was not. Probably the reason was that it cost more, and the people were very poor. The land was worn out, at least the back land was; the most of it belonged to coal companies, or to non-resident owners who held it for a rise in price; no coal mines were being developed except the Hartford and Nanticoke; the land was rented to tenants only from year to year, and had grown poorer and poorer, and in 1860 stagnation seemed to reign over all.
Nanticoke produced as much or more coal than it had ever done at any time before, but had not grown any. The houses were growing old and rotting down. One small school-house was large enough for all their children. Up to about 1860 the Methodists had used these school-houses for church purposes and Sunday-schools.' The Presbyterians had used them for the same purpose, but the church on the Green served them for Sunday- schools for the lower end of Hanover.
310
HISTORY OF HANOVER.
A small Presbyterian church had been built at Coalville --- Ashley-in 1844, and still answered every purpose. In 1860 they allowed the Methodists to use it for Sunday-school and church as well as themselves.
Behee's Mill had worn out and rotted down, and nothing had been built in its stead. The same old dam across the creek there is kept up for a wagon road, and thus the pond remains-when there is water enough to make a pond of it. It looks very much as it always did. It was a good water power until the streams from the mountain stopped running. They began to dry up many years before any mines were worked at their head waters, so that their disappearance cannot be laid altogether to the mines. In fact now-1885-within the past year or two there is more water in this pond than for many years before, the mines pumping water enough to keep the pond pretty well up and running over the waste-way at the dam. The water is very sulphury and no fish live in it.
Lee's Mill, at Nanticoke, began now to get old, dilapidated and out of date, but it still stood and was used.
Ross' Mill, at the falls on Solomon's Creek, at Ashley, or Coal- ville, was abandoned about 1850 as a mill. This mill had been built a short time previous to 1830. - Chapman's History of Wyoming, appendix.
Petty's Mill, built about 1840, almost on the ancient site of Mor- 1 gan's Mill, is now the only grist-mill in Hanover township. This is on lot No. I, between the Middle Road and the Back Road.
The financial and general business depression of 1857 had come. and left the people very poor, and its effects had not passed off in 1860. It was difficult to replace anything that was worn out by anything new. Economy had to be practiced or suffering ensued. It is probable suffering ensued anyway.'
Probably no log-house had been built later than 1830. When the bottom logs rotted away and the house began to settle down, it was not long then before the house had to be replaced by a new one of some kind. There were in 1860 only twenty log-houses left standing and in use, and most of these had weather-boards-or siding-on the outside like a frame house, so that they had the appearance of an ordinary frame house.
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3II
HANOVER TOWNSHIP.
Several good residences had been built by those who still owned and resided on their lands. These were generally plain in structure and painted white, having fine shade and fruit trees sur- rounding them and an excellent garden attached.
On the flats the land was just as productive as ever, but there was very little variety of crops. About 1853 the reaper began to supersede the cradle for harvesting grain. The mowing machine was soon after introduced, together with the horse rake. Now, there was no tobacco produced, no flax, no sheep (dogs were pro- duced instead); no wool, no honey, no bees-wax, no yarn, no cloth, no pork, no flour, no horses, no cows, no peaches, scarcely any kind of fruit. The different kinds of berries were still produced, and a few small fruits, but peaches would no longer ripen or live in the township. Hardly any apple orchards of grafted fruit had ever been planted, and if they had been the owner or tenant of the place could not now keep the apples from being stolen. So no care was taken of the apple archards and the trees were . suffered to die out and were not replaced by others.
No weaving was done now, except, perhaps, that on one loom rag carpet was still woven. It would seem again as though the township had gone backward instead of forward during the past ten years, or even twenty.
No game was now to be found in the woods. The wild pigeons seemed to shun us, and as the fish in the river that once went below the dam could never come back again, our river was with- out fish.
The Wilkes-Barre and Hazleton Turnpike Company had been organized and built a road from Wilkes-Barre to Hazleton previous to this period. There had been a road in the same place for many years before, and it was kept in passable order by the townships through which it passed. The part up the mountain, through Solomon's Gap, was in Hanover and was very difficult and ex- pensive to keep in order, and the Turnpike Company found it so too, and in the course of a few years abandoned the whole road. This occurred during the period previous to 1860, and the town- ship had to resume charge of it again and keep it in repair.
312
HISTORY OF HANOVER.
Gold and silver were the only legal tender, but there were State banks that issued a paper currency, convertible into gold on demand, which passed in the place of money where it was be- lieved to be good. But no currency of any kind, good or bad, circulated very freely here for some reason, and workmen had to take their pay in "trade," that is, goods at a store, or "pay in kind." This of itself alone would indicate hard times, but it had never been otherwise here from the beginning, except from about 1842 to 1848, while the rolling-mill and furnace and nail factory at South Wilkes-Barre were in operation; and we returned to store trade again from 1848 to 1861. The little start of abortive shaft digging from 1855 to 1857 only made the depression and stagnation seem greater. Hanover was not any worse off than her neighbors, but they started forward sooner afterwards than she did, and have maintained their lead ever since.
1860. The assessment rolls for 1860 of all things taxable in the township, property, occupations, and persons resident and non-
: resident:
Total valuation . $182,191
Number of taxables 396
There being so many houses now built for two or more families the assessment list does not give the number of residences, but only houses. The number of names is also very unreliable. Some of the names were of persons who had removed to other places years before, and some had been dead for years. The valua- tion is about the only thing that comes near reliability. A hundred names, more or less, of non-residents on the list, or laborers with an occupation valuation of an average of only fifty dollars will make but little difference with the total. In 1850 the number of taxables was 270, in 1860 the number was 396-difference of 126. 1860. The United States census this year gives the township a population of 1,623-only 117 more than in 1850. Among these 117 men, women and children, where did the assessor find 126 more taxable persons?
This census was taken under the law of 1850 and gives very valuable information on a great number of subjects, some of which will be compared hereafter, and it is expected to be found interesting.
,
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HANOVER TOWNSHIP. 313
Act, March 3, 1851. Rates of postage after June 30, 1851 :
Half-ounce any distance up to 3,000 miles prepaid . . . . 3 cents.
" " 3,000 " not prepaid . . 5 "
For any greater distance double these rates.
Act, August 30, 1852. Stamped envelopes and stamps issued by the Postoffice Department.
Act, March 3, 1855. Prepaid domestic letters, half-ounce any distance up to 3,000 miles, 3 cents; over 3,000 miles, '10 cents.
20*
CHAPTER XVII.
1860 TO 1870.
N this period from 1860 to 1870 comes the great Rebellion, and the four years' war to suppress it.
At the call of the President of the United States for volunteers to suppress the Rebellion in 1861, the young men of Hanover responded most nobly. Those who enlisted in the beginning for three years generally staid in till the end of the war by re-enlisting in the field at the end of their first term of service. Some came home and enlisted again, but the most of them re-enlisted in the field, determining to see the end of the Rebellion before they quit. All honor to these veterans. No name is twice entered in the ac- companying list, but instead of that, those who re-enlisted in the field have the abbreviations " Re. Vet." on the line opposite their names. Those who came home after their term expired, and after- wards enlisted again, have the abbreviation "Re." after the name. "Re. Vet." is understood to mean re-enlisted veteran.
All on this'list did their duty nobly, and many testified their de- votion to their country by their deaths in its service, while many others came home bringing with them most honorable wounds, and all these named, that came home at all, came home with honor- able discharges from the service, and their descendents in the years to come will be proud of their descent from these patriots, as those of the present day are proud to trace their origin from a soldier of the Revolutionary War.
No deserter is named on this list, and if there was anyone from Hanover that did desert from the army during the Rebellion, his name will be permitted to go down to oblivion without mention here. The greatest care has been taken to get this list correct. The names were procured and published in the newspapers of Wilkes-Barre by the writer soon after the war ended. He got
315
HANOVER TOWNSHIP.
them from the books, papers and enrollment lists of the persons who made the lists for the Provost Marshal's drafts, from the beginning to the end, and it is believed by the writer to be ab- solutely correct-though that may be claiming too much.
List of the names of Hanover soldiers that served in the United States volunteer army for any length of time during the Rebellion of 1861-5, and received an honorable discharge, or was killed, or died in the service:
Albert, Sidney,* Re. Vet. 52 Pa. Inf.
Airgood, Thomas,* Re. Vet., 52 Pa. Inf.
Airgood, William,* 112 Pa. Art. Airgood, David M., 18 Pa. Cav. Allen, John C. P., (colored) un- known.
Algeier, John, Regt. unknown. Alexander, Eugene N., 41 Pa Inf. Alexander, John W., 41 Pa. Inf. Beels, William,* Re. Vet., 61 Pa. Inf.
Beels, Jameson,* Re. - Vet., 7 Pa. Reserves.
Bates, William A., 58 Pa. Inf.
Boice, Oliver, 203 Pa. Inf.
Blodget, Henry H.
Blodget, James, 41 Pa. Inf. Black, James, 18 Pa. Cav.
Clark, John, Re. Vet., 81 Pa. Inf.
Craig, Daniel, 143 Pa. Inf. Cyphers, Philip, 9 N. J. Inf. Carroll, Patrick, 58 Pa. Inf. Colburn, Erastus W., 203 Pa. Inf. Cox, Stewart, 143 Pa. Inf. Colburn, John W., Re., 3 Pa. Art. Croop, William, 41 Pa. Inf. Coyle, John, 41 Pa. Inf.
Coyle, Michael, 41 Pa. Inf.
Dunn, Benjamin, Re. Vet. 9 Pa. Cav.
Duffy, John,* 143 Pa. Inf.
Dennis, Smith,* 143 Pa. Inf. Davis, David,* 143 Pa. Inf.
Delaney, John, 9 Pa. Cav. Dilley, Avery,# 143 Pa. Inf.
Dunn, John, 187 Pa. Inf. Downing, John, 112 Pa. Art. Deterick, George,* 203 Pa. Inf. Dougherty, James, 203 Pa. Inf. Edwards, Emanuel, 8 U. S. Inf. Edgerton, Addison J., 41 Pa. Inf. Espy, Theodore, 41 Pa. Inf.
Espy, Barnet M., 41 Pa. Inf.
Fritz, Henry, Re. Vet., 9 Pa. Cav.
Fritz, Michael, t 52 Pa. Inf.
Fritz, Charles, 3 Pa. Art. Fetherman, Abraham, 143 Pa. Inf. Frederick, Charles D., 41 Pa. Inf. Gillman, John, 52 Pa. Inf. Grum, Henry, t 28 Pa. Inf. George, Henry,* 143 Pa. Inf. Garringer, George, 52 Pa. Inf. Greenawalt, Charles, 52 Pa. Inf. Greenawalt, George, 52 Pa. Inf. Glessner, Philip,t 12 N. Y. Inf. Garrison, Ziba, I Pa. Art. Green, Nathaniel, 41 Pa. Inf. Green, Samuel, 203 Pa. Inf. Gillman, Richard, 178 Pa. Inf. Gallagher, John
Helms, Frank,* Re. Vet., 9 Pa.Cav. Hamil, Archibald,* 6 Pa. Cav. Hendershot, Albert, 203 Pa. Inf. Hoffman, Silas, Re., 203 Pa. Inf. Holcomb, Miles W., 30 Pa. Inf. Holcomb, Harvey, Jr., unknown. Johnson, Robert H., 178 Pa. Inf. Jennings, John,# 58 Pa. Inf.
316
HISTORY OF HANOVER.
Johnson, William, 104 Pa. Inf. Jacques, Henry, 41 Pa. Inf.
Keithline, Alexander, Re. Vet., 9 Pa. Cav.
Keithline, Peter, Re., 203 Pa. Inf. Keyser, Isaiah,t 6. Pa. Cav.
Kleintop, Lewis J.,* 143 Pa. Inf. Killroy, Edward, 41 Pa. Inf. Kilmer, John, 41 Pa. Inf.
Keyser, Jesse, 41 Pa. Inf.
Lape, William H., Re. Vet., 9 Pa. Cav.
Lape, Andrew, 9 Pa. Cav. Lutz, John, Re. Vet., 9 Pa. Cav. Leahr, Charles, 104 Pa. Inf. Leahr, Thomas, 143 Pa. Inf. Learch, Daniel, 52 Pa. Inf. Lynch, Thomas, 9 Pa. Cav. Lape, Frank, 52 Pa. Inf.
Leaser, Peter, 132 Pa. Inf. Leaser, Christian, 112 Pa. Art. Line, Cornelius V., 41 Pa. Inf. Line, Samuel, 41 Pa. Inf. Lydon, Charles, 3 Pa. Art. Marcy, Henry B., t Re. Vet., II Pa. Cav.
Murphy, Charles, + 52 Pa. Inf. Myers, John,* 143 Pa. Inf. Myers, Michael, 143 Pa. Inf. Minnich, Samuel, 28 Pa. Inf. Marcy, Cyrus A., 20 Ill. Inf. Metcalf, John,* 203 Pa. Inf. McClusky, Thomas, 9 Pa. Cav. Miller, Simon, 178 Pa. Inf. McGinnis, Michael, 143 Pa. Inf. McCormick, Peter, unknown. Mensch, Henry, 41 Pa. Inf. Metcalf, Rowland R., 41 Pa. Inf. Nyhart, William H., Re. Vet., 50 N. Y. E. Nyhart, John, 203 Pa. Inf.
Need, William, 81 Pa. Inf. Neuhart, John S., 41 Pa. Inf. O'Brien, Joseph, 187 Pa. Inf. Palmer, Edward G.,t 143 Pa. Inf. Puterbaugh, Henry,* 143 Pa. Inf. Parsons, Sextus, Re., 203 Pa. Inf. Plumb, Henry B., 30 Pa. Inf. Paine, William, 52 Pa. Inf.
Petty, James, 52 Pa. Inf.
Reilley, Cornelius, Re. Vet., 9 Pa. Cav.
Reilley, Michael, Re. Vet., Capt. 9 Pa. Cav.
Reilley, John, Re. Vet., 9 Pa. Cav.
Rimer, Levi,* 143 Pa. Inf.
Ryan, John,t 9 Pa. Cav.
Rasely, Charles, Re., 178 Pa. Inf. Reister, William, 5 Pa. Art.
Rinehimer, John, 2d, 41 Pa. Inf. Rinehimer, Daniel, 197 Pa. Inf. Stivers, Chester B., Re. Vet., 61 Pa. Inf.
Seipe, Frederick,t 61 Pa. Inf. Saum, John,* 143 Pa. Inf.
Schappert, Jacob, 178 Pa. Inf.
Sims, George W., 41 Pa. Inf. Sorber, Andrew, 178 Pa. Inf.
Shoemaker, Simon, ± 9 Pa. Cav. Sims, Robert, 6 Pa. Cav. Stultz, Philip, unknown.
Scott, John,# 9 Pa. Cav.
Tims, Jacob, 3 Pa. Art.
Tierney, James,# 9 Pa. Cav.
Van Campen, George,# 52 Pa. Inf.
Van Campen, Moses, 178 Pa. Inf. Williamson, Hugh, t 52 Pa. Inf. Wolf, Philip,# 3 Pa. Art.
Womelsdorf, Jonathan, 30 Pa. Inf.
Total in the service 137
*Wounded. tKilled. ¿ Died.
1
317
HANOVER TOWNSHIP.
Now let it be understood that there was a large proportion of foreigners in the township and many of them were not natural- ized, and claimed exemption from military service. It will be seen that as there was one soldier to every 12 inhabitants in 1860, the population being 1623, there was probably one out of every ten Americans and citizens, old and young, of the township in the army.
Ten were killed in battle; eighteen were wounded in battle and recovered; eleven died from wounds, exposure, over-exer- tion, hardships, accidents, and from injuries other than those re- ceived in battle; and ninety-six returned unhurt, except that the seeds of disease were implanted in many, and years after their return were developed-and the old soldiers are fast answering to their names at the last roll-call.
The first enlisted men were volunteers-"pure and simple"- who offered their services at the call of their government, but in 1862 the government of the State ordered a draft for men for nine months' service. This was a State draft and took place in the fall. Many of the drafted men at once enlisted for three years in the 143d regiment, then in "Camp Luzerne," in Kingston township. The others that were drafted went into the army, and at the end of their term of service were discharged. Many of these afterwards re-enlisted.
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