USA > Pennsylvania > History of Pennsylvania volunteers, 1861-5; prepared in compliance with acts of the legislature, Vol. II > Part 150
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. back, turned the gun upon them, producing at each discharge great carnage.} In this encounter the regiment lost about forty men. The wounded were cared for, and the ground, which was strewn with small arms, was cleared, the regi- ment collecting a large number and depositing them a little in the rear of the; stone wall on the right, which runs perpendicular to the line of battle. These arms were fortunately gathered, and even more fortunately deposited in that particular place as subsequent events proved.
The battle in front had now closed; but still it raged on the extreme right, where the enemy had broken in npon the Union line, and had pushed out
797
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
1863
nearly to the Baltimore Pike. Late in the evening an order came for one of the regiments to report to General Howard at the Cemetery. The Seventy- first was detailed for this purpose, and on reaching the pike was met by a staff officer, representing himself as coming from General Greene, with orders to advance over the rugged grounds towards Rock Creek. Shirmishers were thrown out, and the regiment advanced cautiously, when suddenly a shot dis- closed the fact that it was in the presence of a strong force of the enemy. Lieutenants Davis and Boughton, and Adjutant Hutchinson, in charge of the skirmishers, nineteen in number, fell into the enemy's hands. The com- mand was at once withdrawn to a position parallel to the pike, and disposi- tions made to meet an attack. But the enemy failing to advance, and be- lieving that the order which had been received was unauthorized by the officer from whom it purported to come, Colonel Smith led his men back to the ground which he had vacated.
On the following morning, July 3d, the decisive day, occasional picket firing was heard along the line, which continued until a little past noon, when the enemy opened from one hundred and fifty pieces of artillery, which had been speedily and in a most orderly manner run to the front, concentrating his fire upon the left centre, in the midst of which, in the exposed part of the field; stood Webb's brigade. Though this part of the line had now been occupied for nearly forty-eight hours, it still had little or no protection. A low stone wall surmounted by a rail, back of which the men had thrown a little earth dug with their bayonets, was all the shelter afforded them from the unparal- leled storm of shells and fiery bolts which was hurled upon them. To the right of the position held by the Seventy-first, the wall was higher, and stood upon a shelving ledge five or six feet in height, and npon the left were groves, and clumps of trees and bushes both of which afforded better shelter; but the ground where it stood was swept by concentring ranges of artillery that made its occupation appalling. The batteries of Cushing, Arnold, and Brown, posted upon the left and a little to the rear, belched forth in reply over the heads of the men, a perfect torrent of shot and shells. Rarely in the world's battles has there been an infantry line more fearfully exposed to artillery fire than that held by this regiment. For two hours was this terrible duel incessantly main- tained, in which the crash of the guns, the shrieking of shells and solid shots; the bursting and whirl of the shrapnell, and the flying fragments of rock shattered by the solid shot, formed a combination of terrors which the mind falters in conceiving. Cushing's Battery was at length silenced, its commander dead, its cannoneers stricken down, and some of its guns disabled. Seeing its crippled condition, volunteers from the regiment and from the Sixty-ninth flew to its relief, and soon brought it again into play. Arnold's on the right, its guns having become overheated, many of its men cut down, struggled with the few spared to keep its voice in chorus, and thanks to their training and he- roism were equal to the task. A shot struck one of Cushing's caissons, and in- stantly three of these standing near, and loaded down with fixed ammunition, were blown up, hurling into the air the fragments of this once powerful bat- tery, which descended in a perfect shower upon companies A and F, lying near them. Men, horses, and limbers were hurled together in confusion.
When the battle with artillery, the best and most destructive,which the wit of man has yet devised, had ceased, a body of eighteen thousand infantry, the flower of the rebel army, which during the morning had been concentrated,
798
1863
SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT.
organized, and inspired with the belief of possessing resistless power, issued from the wood which crowns the Seminary Ridge a mile away in front, and in well-dressed lines of battle, with flags defiantly displayed, moved forward with all the steadiness and precision of a parade. Making as if to strike upon Donbleday's position farther to the rebel right, it suddenly veered to the left, and when the centre came opposite the position held by Webh's Brigade, it ad vanced full upon the Union line. The artillery at first hurled shot upon it, but as it approched nearer, canister was delivered in rapid rounds. ", But still the well ordered lines marched steadily on, and, as they came within musket. range, a rapid fire was poured upon them. The ground was strewn with the dead and wounded. They quickly climbed the fences at the Emmittsburg Pike, and were soon in the open field skirted by the Union line. At this moment, Colonel Smith ordered the regiment up, and poured in a staggering volley upon the advancing foe. Still he came on in overwhelming force. The' posi- tion of the Seventy-first was now most critical. The artillery, posted a few paces in the rear on more elevated ground, with the infantry supports, were pouring in a ceaseless fire over the heads of the men, who were in hardly less danger from this fire than from that of the enemy. Seeing this, and desirous of saving his men for a final determined resistance, leaving the left wing, which was less exposed, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Kochersperger, Colonel Smith posted the right behind a rude stone wall to the right and rear of the left wing, which had been entirely unoccupied. As he was leading his men to this new position, he ordered officers and men to seize as many of the loaded arms, which had been collected on the previous day, as they could take, and when they had reached the shelter were able, with these, to keep up a steady . and well directed enfilading fire upon the foe, as with the madness of furies they rushed on, crossed the walls, and forced themselves up among the Union batteries. The left wing of the regiment, overborne by vastly superior num- bers, was obliged to yield. As the enemy, with wild shouts, rushed over the slight wall and up through the little grove where were the guns, Smith, with the right wing, from his partial cover, poured in volley after volley with terri- ble effect. But the impetus of the enemy's attack was now spent. In passing that fearful plain in front, it had been almost annihilated. General Armistead, who had reached the farthest point in this advance, and had his hand upon a Union gun, with the flags of his brigade about him, fell mortally wounded. The left wing, though forced back, was still in good order, and joined with the Seventy-second posted in the second line, again moved forward, pushing the foe from the slight advantage gained. Supports came up rapidly. Stannard's Brigade sallied out upon the left, and, coming in upon the enemy's flank, swept in a goodly number of prisoners. * The line was made secure, and that prond defiant body of men, which a few minutes before had advanced with banners, in measured tread, lay bleeding upon the plain.
The regiment lost one-half of its effective strength. Captains John M. Steffan and William H. Dull were among the killed. Of fifteen officers who entered the engagement, nine fell. When the cloud had lifted and the smoke of battle had cleared away, the field presented a ghastly appearance. Says one who was an eye witness to the scene, "We had scarcely given way to a feeling of exultatiou over our victory, when we were filled, with sadness at the evidence, on every hand, of the terrible sacrifice of life with which it had been purchased. Here lay a dead rebel stretched across the body of a wounded
1863
MINE RUN CAMPAIGN.
799
Federal. By their side was a pile of wounded and dead struggling to escape each other. The crippled and dead artillery horses lay scattered upon all the field. Disabled artillery, muskets, canteens, knapsacks, and all the munitions of war, were strewn thick on every hand. At the spot where the enemy made his last feeble charge, many were killed. The regiment buried these on the spot where they fell, and at one end of the huge grave a board was placed bearing this inscription, 'The remains of the Ninth and Seventeenth Virginia Regiments. A worthy foe!'" Generals Hancock, Gibbon, and Webb, com- manding the corps, division, and brigade respectively, were wounded. General Webb was able to keep the field, and assumed command of the division, Col- onel Smith of the brigade. The regiment captured in the battle four stands of rebel colors. Among them were the Ninth and Nineteenth Virginia.
Satisfied that the offensive could no longer be maintained, Lee withdrew, and at once began to throw up breast-works along his entire line, in semblance of holding his position, but as night came on commenced a rapid retreat. The Union army followed and came up with him near Hagerstown. The Seventy- first was immediately thrown forward on picket, occupying a position directly opposite the Saint James College, then held by the enemy. He, however, soon made good his escape into Virginia, without again coming to battle. The regi- ment, now commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Kochersperger, participated in the campaign which followed, and in the retrograde movement of the army, was engaged at Auburn Mills, and Bristoe Station. In the advance from Centre- ville, as Meade again assumed the offensive, it had a spirited skirmish at Bull Run, the fighting becoming general, and extending from Cub Run to the ford. At Robertson's Tavern the enemy was again met, occupying an important po- sition. The brigade, which held the right of the column, was immediately or- dered forward upon a charge, and succeeded after a brief contest in clearing the ground, which was immediately occupied by Warren's Corps. The regi- ment was held upon the front line, and skirmishing was kept up until the enemy retired to his carefully selected line behind Mine Run. Shifting the division to the extreme left, beyond Hope Church, it was ordered to prepare to assault the enemy's works. The weather was intensely cold, and the work which it was called to perform seemed even more chilling than the weather. The bri- gade was ordered to lead the charging column. All the necessary preparations had been made. The men stood in light marching order, ready to advance, many of them having made their wills, sent messages to their friends, attached slips of paper, containing name and description, securely to their clothing, conscious of the great peril before them, and believing that but few would ever come back alive. The signal gun was fired, but still the order was not given to move. Finally to the relief and unspeakable joy of all, word was brought that offensive operations had been abandoned. The army now retired to winter-quarters, the regiment occupying a wooded slope near Stevensburg.
The time was given during the winter to the construction of roads, fatigue duty, drills and reviews, the Seventy-first, by the cleanliness and beauty of its camp, challenging comparison with that of any other regiment. The only hos- tile demonstration was a reconnoissance to Morton's Ford, on the Rapidan, where the advance was led by Captain Seabnry of company F. Charging through the stream he gained a foot-hold, and held the ground until the bri- gade, led by Colonel Smith, could cross. The enemy was driven back from his outer line of intrenchments to the more formidable ones in the rear, when,
.
800
. SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT.
1864
the object of the movement having been accomplished, the corps returned to camp. The loss fell principally upon the Third Division.
On the 3d of May the regiment moved with the corps, still under command of General Hancock, upon the spring campaign. On the morning of the 5th it arrived on the battle-ground of the Wilderness, and during that day and the succeeding night remained in position, sleeping on its arms. Early on the 6th, without drums or martial music, the line of march was quietly resumed, and the column had proceeded on south about eight miles, when it was halted and after a little delay was ordered to counter-march, the enemy having attacked in force. The division was soon in position, and the fighting became desperate. Advantages were gained and lost, but finally a sheltered position on a slight ridge, which he clung to with great tenacity, was carried and held. In this assault Lieutenant Colonel Kochersperger, who had command of the regiment, Colonel Smith, from wounds, being in hospital, fell severely wounded. Five color bearers were lost. At three o'clock in the afternoon the battle was re- newed in front.of the division, and for over two hours it raged with great fury, the enemy being determined to regain his lost position. He was foiled in every. attempt, and finally retired. On the morning of the 7th the advance was sounded, and the regiment, creeping forward through the tangled under-growth, came suddenly face to face with the enemy. The line was pushed forward steadily until it reached the Brock Road, but not without stern resistance. Column after column was hurled against the corps, and the fighting along the whole front was severe. The position here gained was favorable for defence, and it was soon made impregnable.
On the following day the march south was resnmed and continued to Sport- sylvania Court House. Upon taking position, the regiment was thrown for- ward as skirmishers. The rebel artillery and sharp-shooters made the posi- tion an uncomfortable one. An advance was made by Gibbon's Division, but without success. During the 9th and the 10th, it was on the skirmish line and almost constantly engaged. In one of the enemy's attacks, Captain William M. Smith, who commanded the regiment, was severely wounded, and the com- mand devolved on Captain Mitchell Smith. On the evening of the 11th, Han- cock's Corps was moved into position and prepared for an assault. At day- light it quietly moved, in well formed lines, under cover of a dense fog. The enemy's skirmishers had barely time to discharge their pieces before the Union column was upon them, and soon had possession of their works. The fighting was now severe, coming hand to hand; but the enemy was forced to yield, and large captures of men and material were made. In the charge Captain Smith and Lieutenant Clark were instantly killed, and the command of the regiment devolved upon Captain Peter W. Grear. For several days the regiment was on the skirmish line, and was kept busily employed, the enemy being vigi- lant for an advantage.
In the assault of the Second Corps at Cold Harbor, the regiment partici- pated and here fought its last battle. The enemy occupied a strong position, with a dense, almost impassable swamp in front. As it advanced through the mud and water, which at every step grew deeper, and over tangled under- brush, the artillery and sharp musketry fire of the enemy was directed upon it, striking down men at every step. As soon as the open ground was reached, the division charged boldly up the hill. A line was established close up to the enemy's works, and the men fell to fortifying. So close were the lines
ยท
1864
RETURN AND MUSTER OUT OF SERVICE.
801
that a hat shown above the breast-works was quickly riddled with bullets. While here, Colonel Smith, though still unable from his wounds to take the field, re-joined the corps. The term of service of the regiment had now ex- pired. Accordingly, in pursuance of orders, the veterans and recruits were transferred to the Sixty-ninth, and withdrawing from the front line of breast- works, under cover of darkness, it moved to White House, and thence via Washington to Philadelphia. Upon its arrival it was publicly received by the authorities, and escorted through the city by several military organizations. Of the twenty-two hundred who had stood in its ranks, only one hundred and fifty-three returned. It was mustered out of service on the 2d of July, 1864.
FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS.
NAME.
RANK.
DATE OF MOSTER INTO SERVICE.
PERM-YRARA.
REMARKS.
Edward D. Baker ...
Col
June 29, '61, May 21, '61,
3
Killed at Ball's Bluff, Va .. October 21, 1861. Wounded at Ball's Bluff, Va., Oct. 21, 1861-pro- moted from Capt. Co. A to Lt. Col., May,'61-to Col., Oct. 22, 1861-to Brig. Gen., Nov. 29. 1862. Promoted from Captain company A to Major. November 1, 1862-to Colonel, May 1, '63-mus- tered out with regiment, July 2, 1864.
John Markoe
Lt. Col.
May 21, '61, 3 Promoted from Captain company A, June 1, 1862-res. July 4, '62-re-com., Sept. 6, '62-pr. to brevet Colonel and brevet Brig. Gen., Mar. 13, 1965-disch. by special order, Feb. 27, 1863.
C. Kochersperger ... .... do
May 28, '61, 3 Promoted from Capt. company F, Mar. 31, '63- mustered out with regiment, July 2, 1864.
Robert A. Parrish ...
Major ..
May 21, '61,
3 Discharge:l by special order, July 16, 1862.
Charles W. Smith ...
.do
May 21, '61,
Charles S. Newlin .. Adj.
Aug. 30, '61,
3 Promoted to Captain company C, Feb. 15, 1862.
S. P. Hutchinson ... do
Dec. 12, '62, 3 Discharged by special order, April 29, 1864.
Francis G. Young ... Q. M.
June 25, '61, 3 Dis. January 2. 1862.
Jeseph P. Elliott .... .. do
Jan. 7, '62, 3 Mustered out with regiment, July 2, 1864.
Alfred C. Baker
Surg
June 28, '61.
3 Resigned August 10, 1862.
John Malone do
Nov. 4, 62,
John Eakin
do
Aug.
3 Promoted from Asst. Surg. to Surg., Apr. 3, '63- mustered out with regiment, July 2, IS64.
Justin Dwinelle .. As.Sur. Sendel B. Munger .. .do George B. Lummis .. .do Herman B. Linton .. do
June 28, '61, Oct. 8, '61,
3 3
Promoted to Surg. 117th reg. P. V., Sept. 15, '62. Pr. to Surg. 175th reg. P. D. M., Nov. 11, 1862.
3 Resigned April 1, 1854.
3 Mustered out with regiment, July 2, 1864.
Mustered out with regiment, July 2, 1864.
Wu. S. Stockton ..
Sr. Maj. May 28, '61,
3
Promoted from Sgt. Co. F, April 13, 1863-com. Ist Lt. Co. F, Sept. 21, 1863-not mustered- mustered out with regiment, July 2, 1864.
John F. Smith. do May 21, '61, 3
Huber Bastion. do May 21, '61, 3
Jacob S. Devine. do Aug. 9, '61,
William Wilson .. ... do May 28, '61,
W. S. Batcheldor .do July 1, 61, 3
John G. Smith Q. M. S. Sept. 30, '61, 3
William Fackler. .. do May 28, '61, 3 Not accounted for.
James Cassiday .... Com. Sr June 25, '61,
3
Promoted from private company D-mustered out with regiment, July 2, 1864.
Promoted from Sergeant company A, June 1, 1861-mustered out with regiment, July 2, '64. Promoted from Musician company E, Jan. 1, 1864-mustered out with regiment, July 2, '64.
William S. Moore ... Hos. St.
May 21, '61,
Joseph Clark. PI. Muc May 28, '61, 3
101-VOL. IL.
May . 21, '61, 3
Promoted to Surg. 106th reg. P. V., Sept. 1, 1861.
3
Resigned November 7, 1861.
Calvin P. Marshall ... do
G. R. B. Robinson ... ... do ....
May 14, 163,
3
Robert Keller .... Chap'n
Ang. 30, '61,
3
Isaac J. Wistar
.do
R. Penn Smith.
do
May 28, '61,
3
3 Resigned October 16, 1862.
3 Dis. February 4. 1863.
Oct. S, '61, Sept. 12, '62,
Promoted to Ist Lieutenant company B Promoted to 2d Lt. company C, May, 1862.
3 Promoted to 2d Lt. company C, Jan. 1, 1863. 3| Promoted to 2d Lt. company B. Sept. 6, 1862. Pr. to Ist. Lt. Co. H. 118th reg. P. V., Aug. 20,'62: Discharged June 12, 1864.
.
802
SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT,
REGIMENTAL BAND.
SAMB.
BANK.
DATE OF MUSTER ENTO SERVICE.
REMARKS.
Edward Schemser
Leader.
Aug. 4, '61,
Discharged by General Order, May, 30, 1862.
Bachman, Gottfried
Muc .....
Oct. 29, '61,
Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862. 3
Rutterworth, Jas. J
... do
May 28, '61,
3 Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
Bohne, William ... .do
Nov. 12, '61,
3 Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
Birnbach, Conrad ... .. do
Oct. 39, '61,
3
Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
Broomley, William
.. do
May 28, '61,
3
Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
Bonner. Francis
do
June 28, '61,
3
Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862. Absent withont leave.
Cordts, Franz
do
Nov.
4, '61,
3
Oct. 29, '61, 3 Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
Hickey, Charles
do
June 28, '61, 3 Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
Lauterbach, Justus do
Oct. 29, '61,
3 Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
Posern. Theodore. .. do
Oet. 29, '61,
Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
Russell, Joseph .. do
May 21, '61,
3
Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
Sehr, August .. do
Nov. 30, '61, ...
Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
Wilkinson, Wm
.do
May 21, '61,
Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
Wendelschaefer, F
.. do
Oct.
29, '61,
Discharged by General Order, May 30, 1862.
COMPANY A.
RECRUITED AT PHILADELPHIA.
Isaac .J. Wistar
Cap do
May 21, '61, May 21, '61,
33
Promoted fr. 2d to 1st Lt., July 19, '61-to Capt., Oct. 22, 1861-wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862-promoted to Lt. Col., June 1, 1862.
R. Penn Smith.
.. do
May 28, '61,
3 Promoted from Adjutant to Captain, August, 1862-to Major, Nov. 1, 1863.
Charles C. White
.do
May 21, '61,
3
Promoted fr. 1st Lieutenant company L to Capt., November 1, 1862-discharged March 8, 1863.1
John M. Steffan
do
May 28, '61, 3 Promoted to Ist Lt. and Captain, June 5, 1863 killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863.
John Benker.
1st Lt ...
May 21, '61,
3 Promoted to Captain company B, Oct. 1, 1861.
Thomas J. Ashton ..
.do
Jan. 23, '62,
3 Promoted to Ist Lieutenant, January 23, 1862- discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Aug., 1862.
Henry S. Carson
.do
May 21, '61, 3 Promoted from 2d Lt. company F, Mar. 1, '63 -- discharged on Surgeon's cert., July 1, 1863.
Joseph S. Watt
.do
July 10, '61,
George C. Whitecar
2d Lt ...
July 8, '61,
Elwood D. Quigley
.. do
July 1, '61,
John F. Smith.
May 21, '61,
Byron C. Davis
May 21, '61,
Francis M. Snow
Serg't ...
May 21, '61,
George R. Vanaken
do
May 24, '61,
3
Aaron M'Cormack. do
May 21, '61,
3
John T. Thatcher. do May 21, '61,
William S. Moore ... do May 21, '61,
James P. Lyle. .do
July 1, '61, 3
Peter Cunningham ... do
July 1, '61, 3
Hamilton S. Duval ... do
July
1, '61, 3
William Holmes.
.do
July
1, '61,
And'w J. Williams Corp
May 24, '61,
3 Absent, in hospital, at muster out.
William A. Clair .... do
May
21, '61, 3
Wm. H. Schaffer do
May 21, '61, 3
Hugh A. Dougherty .do
July
1, '64, 3
Henry Gossman do
July
1, '61, 3 3
Joseph Long .do
July
1, '61,
Lewis H. Sweeny .. do
July
1, '61, 3
Wm. R. M'Kimm .. .. do
May 21, '61, 3
Allen, Samuel. Private
May 24, '61, 3
Allen, Henry H ... do
May 21, '61,
Abel, Samuel W. .do
1, '61, 3
Armstrong, Jacob Tj ... do
July July
1, '61,
Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Dec. 9, '62. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. May 26, '62. Tr. to Co. E, 69th reg. P. V., June 12, 1864- Vet. Tr. to Co. C, 69th regiment P. V., June 12, 1864. Tr. to Co. C, 69th regiment P. V., June 12, 1564. Tr. to Co. C, 69th regiment P. V., Jnne 12, 1804. Killed at Ball's Bluff, Va., October 21, 1861. Absent, sick, at muster out.
3 Discharged March 26, 1862, for wounds received at Ball's Bluff, Virginia, October 21, 1861. Tr. to Co. F, 69th reg. P. V., June 12, 1864-Vet. 3 Transferred to 69th regiment P. V., June 12,?64.
-
3 Pr. fr. Sgt. Co. D to 2d Lt., June 5, 63-to Ist Lt., Jan. 20, 1864-mus. out with Co., July 2, 1864. 33 Promoted to Ist Lt. company D, June 5, 1863. Transferred from Co. L, Sept. 1, 1862-promoted fr. Sgt. to 1st Sgt:, Mar. 1, '63-to 2d Lt., May 19, 1864-mus. out with company, July 2, 1864. Transferred to company P, August, 1861. . Transferred to company F, March 1, 1863. 744 Promoted fr. Corporal to Sergeant, Jan. 1, '63 mustered out with company, July 2, 1864. Promoted to Cor., May 1,'62-to Sgt., Sept. 1,'62- mustered out with company, July 2, 1864. 3 Discharged by special order, Sept. 23, 1863. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, July, 1862. 3 Promoted to Hospital Steward, June 1, 1861. Tr. to Co. C, 69th regiment P. V., Juno 12, 1864. Tr. to Co. C, 69th regiment P. V., June 12, 1564. 3 Died at Washington, D. C., December 9, 1862. Died at Washington, D. C., January 3, 1863.
Ist Sgt. .. do
333
Promoted to Lt. Colonel, May, 1861.
John Markoe
Gebhardt. Karl
do
TERM-YEARS.
7
803
THREE YEARS' SERVICE.
FAME.
RANK.
DATE OF MUSTER INTO SERVICE.
REMARKS.
Apple, John .. Bulmer, Benjamin
Private .. do
May 24, '61,
3
Drafted-tr. to 69th regiment P. V., June 12, '64. Wounded, with loss of leg, September 17, 1862- absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Brown, George
do
May 25, '61,
3
Burns, Joseph ..
.do
May 21, '61,
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