USA > Pennsylvania > Susquehanna County > History of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. from a period preceding its settlement to recent times, including the annals and geography of each townshipAlso a sketch of woman's work in the county for the United States sanitary commission, and a list of the soldiers of the national army furnished by many of the townships > Part 61
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William Thomson, Davis Dimock, Isaac Post, Jabez Hyde, Jr., Jonah Brewster, Austin Howell, Isaac Brownson, Daniel Ross, Wright Chamberlin, H. Tiffany, Jr., Robert H. Rose, David Post, Charles Fraser, and Putnam Catlin.
S These trustees comprised the prin- cipal officers of the county, with the president and cashier of the Silver Lake Bank. A meeting was ap- OLD ACADEMY SEAL. pointed for the 3d of September fol- lowing. In the mean time the legislature granted $2000 towards the erection of an academy at Montrose.
The care of its erection was given to Isaac Post, and it was com- pleted in 1818. The offices of judges and commissioners in the board of trustees were then filled by J. W. Raynsford, Benjamin Sayre, S. S. Mulford, I. P. Foster, Samuel Warner, Justin Clark, Bela Jones, and B. T. Case, the last named being then secretary, and for several years afterwards.
There was no church edifice in the place, and the second floor of the building was used as a place of religious worship every Sabbath. The academy at that time occupied the brow of the hill above the new jail, the hill then being much steeper than at present, and containing a valuable quarry but little excavated.
527
HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY.
The grandparents of our time relate with glee, their feats in coast- ing down this hill with an upturned bench for a sled, which many a merry boy and girl could enjoy together. About 1828, the building was moved down close to the sidewalk, between the present locations of the new academy and the old court-house, where it remained for twenty-two years. (A correct representa- tion of it appears in the picture of the Montrose Green.)
Among the teachers engaged in this institution, the following are remembered :-
1818. William Jessup (advertised by the trustees as teacher of mathematics and "the learned languages") and Bela Jones ; J. W. Raynsford, part of the year.
1819. Samuel Barnard, and daughter Catharine (since Mrs. Morgan).
1820. Ralph H. Read, Walker Woodhouse.
1821-24. Albert Bingham, David Benedict, P. Wright.
1825-28. Eli Meeker, Sloane Hamilton, Franklin Lusk, Ben- jamin and D. Dimock, Jr.
1829-31. Seth T. Rogers, P. Richardson, S. S. Stebbins, Rufus B. Gregory.
1833-36. B. S. Bentley.
1837-42. L. H. Woodruff, (?) H. S. Fairchild, - Payne, Rev. S. Manning.
1843-44. Z. L. Beebe and Lafayette G. Dimock.
1845-47. C. C. Halsey.
1848-49. A. J. Buel.
Most of the above were collegiate graduates.
Among the lady teachers after Miss Barnard, and prior to 1830, were Misses Ann Harris (afterwards Mrs. S. Hodgdon), Maria Jones, Abigail Sayre (Mrs. James Catlin), Mary Ann Raynsford (Mrs. D. D. Warner). (Of other schools, Miss Harriet Conner taught early over Raynor's store. A French and English select school was taught in 1828, by Mrs. B. Streeter. Courses of lessons in English grammar, and also lessons on the German flute had been given by different gentlemen ; in the mean time, Wentworth Roberts taught in the Bowman House.)
In 1832, the academy was thoroughly repaired, and an orrery and other apparatus procured. The same season an infant school was taught by Mrs. Amanda B. Catlin. She had the first piano in the place (in 1819), and taught music in 1832. Subsequently, and prior to 1837, Misses Jane A. Brand (Mrs. Dr. Justin A. Smith, of Chicago, recently deceased), Lucretia Loomis, A. L. Fraser, Nancy and Caroline Bowman, Caroline C. Woodhouse, and possibly others, were teachers in the lower rooms of the academy, while the classical department occupied the one long room on the second floor.
Early in 1839, Miss Elizabeth Wood was the first teacher of
528
HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY.
the female seminary-in the same building. It was incorporated through the exertions of Col. Asa Dimock. This institution, it was intended, should be entitled to $300 annually for ten years from the State. Its first trustees were A. H. Read, J. C. Biddle, D. Dimock, Jr., Geo. Fuller, and Daniel Searle.
In 1840-41, the preceptress was Mrs. Elizabeth H. Stone (after- wards Mrs. Niven). A piano was purchased, and Miss Theodosia A. Catlin taught a large class in music, though there were then but three pianos in the place.
In 1841-2, Miss Mariana A. Read, of Homer, New York, was preceptress here.
For three or four years following, select schools by former teachers appear to have occupied the lower rooms.
In 1847, Miss F. L. Willard began teaching in the academy, but afterwards kept a boarding-school for young ladies (assisted by Mrs. Theo. Smith, and F. C. Blackman), and a day school, which included young lads, in the building now the residence of George C. Hill ; later in the old Post-house, Miss Totten, assistant. Pupils attended from remote parts of the county, and from other counties.
A new academy had been projected in 1846, but it was not completed until the summer of 1850; the building, 50 by 60 feet, is now occupied by the graded school. Its cost was $4200.
The first board of trustees consisted of William Jessup, presi- dent; R. J. Niven, secretary ; M. S. Wilson, treasurer; Rev. H. A. Riley, F. B. Streeter, B. S. Bentley, William L. Post, George Fuller, Alfred Baldwin, William J. Mulford, Leonard Searle, D. D. Warner, and Henry Drinker. They made valuable contributions for the foundation of a library and cabinet of natural curiosities, which it is to be regretted have not been well pre- served.
The first instructors were Lemuel H. Waters, A.M., principal ; Miss Mary J. Crawford, preceptress; William H. Jessup, and Miss A. A. P. Rogers, assistant teachers ; Miss Caroline Bowman, superintendent of primary department; Emily C. Blackman, teacher of music; Gustave H. Walther, teacher of German. Succeeding principals were Rev. Isaac Gray, Rufus C. Crampton, William H. Richmond, John L. Mills, and - Hartshorne, col- legiates. After Miss Crawford, the lady teachers were Misses Bessie Huntting, Caroline Bush, Frances J. Woolworth, and Brown.
A normal school was established in the fall of 1857, J. F. Stoddard, principal. He was succeeded by H. Broadhead, B.A., and S. S. Hartwell, B.A.
In the fall of 1863, under the care of F. D. Hunt, it assumed distinctively the features of a graded school, which it still retains. Rev. J. R. Stone had charge of the classical department; Misses C.
529
HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY.
M. Dixon, M. M. Chamberlin, Jessie Bissell, and A. Perry and Mrs. A. M. Richards, were among the earliest teachers of other de- partments. Succeeding principals have been W. W. Watson, J. C. Hammond, E. B. Hawley, J. G. Cope, Wm. C. Tilden, and A. H. Berlin.
FRANKLIN ACADEMY, OR HARFORD UNIVERSITY.
In the absence of promised information respecting this insti- tution, only meager items can be given. It was the outgrowth of a select classical school at Harford, begun by Rev. Lyman Richardson, in 1817. Ten years later, his brother Preston had charge of it for a time. In 1830 it became "Franklin Academy," of which, in 1837, Willard, son of Rev. L. Richardson, was the principal; F. B. Streeter, Mrs. L. T. Richardson, and Misses Kingsley, and H. A. Tyler, assistants.
In Nov. 1839, the corner-stone of the new building was laid. Nathan Leighton taught in the spring of 1840, but in the fall following, Rev. L. Richardson resumed the charge, assisted by his daughter, N. Maria, Henry Abel, Miss M. Gardner, and Mrs. L. T. Richardson. From 1848-55, Rev. Willard Richardson was principal. In 1856 his father again took the post, but not long after resigned in favor of Rev. Edward Allen.
This institution, latterly styled a university, had been emphati- cally a normal school from the beginning, and upon the estab- lishment of the school at Montrose, under the care of Prof. Stod- dard, its labors appear to have been permanently suspended, after a duration of half a century.
A very large number of its graduates became professional teachers; many, ministers of the gospel, and not a few, promi- nent public men. Among them may be mentioned Revs. Moses Tyler and Washington Thatcher; Rev. Wm. S. Tyler, D.D., LL.D., of Amherst College; Rev. W. H. Tyler, formerly of Pitts- field Institute, Mass .; Prof. John Wadsworth Tyler, a graduate of Union College, and former principal of Cazenovia Seminary, N. Y., who died in 1833; Prof. E. G. Tyler, now of Canandaigua, N. Y .; John Guernsey, State Senator; John D. Stiles, Congress- man for Carbon County; F. B. Streeter, President Judge, and Paul D. Morrow, Law Judge of this Judicial District ; Hon. Luther Kidder, deceased; Henry W. Williams, President Judge of the 4th Judicial District; Stewart Pierce, State Representative, and Historian of Luzerne County ; Jesse Barrett, Prof. of Mathemat- ics in the University of Missouri; G. A. Grow, former Speaker of House of Representatives, U. S. ; C. R. Buckalew, U. S. Sena- tor, and late candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania ; and Cyrus C. Carpenter, present Governor of Iowa.
The annual exhibitions of Franklin Academy brought to- 34
530
HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY.
gether several thousand interested spectators. The benefits of the institution were within the reach of those of humble means, owing to the accommodations for students to board themselves ; and the best yeomanry of the county were here constantly repre- sented.
Academies established at Dundaff, Gibson, Great Bend, Friends- ville, and Dimock, had a more local influence than the foregoing ; but, in all cases, a beneficial one, and too strongly marked to be unnoted in the history of the county. The boarding schools at Mannington, at Friendsville, by Miss Richards, and at Newton- ville, by S. A. Newton, should also be included in this connec- tion. Private classical schools have been occasionally established in different localities, but were without permanence.
COMMON SCHOOLS.
. The early common schools were not free; the children of the indigent were taught at the expense of the town in which they resided. In January, 1830, Hon. A. H. Read offered in the House of Representatives three memorials from Susquehanna County praying for a general system of education.
An act to establish a general system of education by common schools was approved by Gov. Wolf, April 1st, 1834, to which an act supplementary was passed a fortnight later. But these were still far from being satisfactory to the public. In February, 1835, Mr. Read reported a bill, changing the features and sim- plifying the details of the school law of the previous session, which was thought to remove all fair objections to a system of general education. In July, 1836, the act relative to common schools was published in the Susquehanna 'Register,' and re- ceived some adverse comments ; some persons asserting that the majority of the people had no right to levy a tax upon the whole people for the purposes of universal education. The common school convention, early in 1839, recommended uniform school books to be adopted the ensuing fall; and this was a new bone of contention. Hon. William Jessup exerted himself to show the propriety of the measure, and with success. Susquehanna County was, it is believed, the first to accept the entire provi- sions of the school law.
The board of directors of the first free school of Susquehanna County consisted, September, 1834, of the following gentlemen : Wm. Jessup, J. C. Biddle, J. W. Raynsford, Asa Dimock, Hiram Finch, George Fuller, and Jerre Lyons, treasurer. At a later period a meeting of the taxables of Montrose was held to discuss the propriety of levying a tax of $500 for the support of a free school in the place. If the whole of that sum was not secured, enough encouragement was given to rent a room in the Academy
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531
HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY.
and install Wm. J. Turrell as teacher, at a salary of $22 per month. In the fall of 1836 another room was secured, and Miss N. Bowman had charge of the female department at $3 per week. It was then proposed to add rooms to the Academy for the use of the free school, but upon the report of Messrs. Geo. Fuller and H. Drinker, committee to ascertain the expense of putting up a building separate from it, it was decided to act upon their sug- gestions. The new house, 34 x 22 feet, was erected July-Decem- ber, 1837, between the Academy and the old " Fire Proof," at an expense of $480, without desks and seats. The building was moved, in the summer of 1849, above the Universalist church, and, about fifteen years later, to the lower end of the borough, where it was converted into a dwelling house. It was a power for good in the community, which it is pleasant to recognize.
The colored children were taught separately after November, 1857, and Miss H. N. Austin was their first teacher.
In the fall of 1840 the examination of persons wishing to be teachers was made necessary by law.
[The following items respecting the Teachers' Association is taken from a more detailed account kindly furnished by A. B. Kent, of New Milford.]
" The year 1854 marks a new era in the educational affairs of this county. Previous to this there had been a sort of mechanical compliance with the terms of the Pennsylvania school law ; but a clear and willing comprehension of a system of education suited to and sufficient for all the children of the county, based for its support on a fair percentage of all the property in the county, in addition to that received from State appropriation, had as yet found a place in the heart and hand of but few of the people. Some of the teach- ers began to have an earnest desire for improvement, and C. W. Deans and a few others concluded to make an effort. A call was issued, and on the 31st of December, 1853, a meeting was held in the court-house in Montrose, which organized the SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION, with S. T. Scott, president; J. Jameson, vice-president, and B. F. Tewksbury, sec- retary. Meetings were held during the winter and following spring.
" The directors of the county elected a county superintendent of common schools for the first time, June 5th, 1854 ; Willard Richardson being elected, and his salary fixed at $350. It was supposed the duties of the office would take but part of one's time; there was considerable opposition to the idea of a county superintendent among the people; and from the additional appro- priation by the legislature to the school fund, only that sum could be taken, and leave for the direct support of the schools about the same amount as before. The county superintendent and Teachers' Association worked in unison. Meetings were held in the fall of 1854, and it was decided to hold a Teachers' Institute at Harford University, commencing on Monday the 13th of November following, and continuing through the week.
" This being an entirely new movement, involved some risk to its promoters, as competent instructors from abroad were to be secured, and it was not known whether the teachers of the county would attend in sufficient num- bers to make it a success. But when the time arrived about one hundred teachers, or those who intended to be such, were present; and probably no greater interest on the part of all has been manifested at any other edu- cational meeting ever held in this county. The instructors were Dr. S. A.
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532
HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY.
Richardson of New Hampshire, and Prof. J. F. Stoddard, afterwards known here as a prominent educator as well as mathematical author. From this meeting we date the permanent introduction of mental arithmetic as a study in our schools, and many of the features which mark the improvements of the present day over the system of twenty years ago. The Teachers' Association held meetings during the winter and spring, and, in October following, an- other 'Teachers' Institute, at New Milford, taught by Prof. Chas. W. Sanders of New York and others. During 1857-58 the meetings of the association (of which A. B. Kent was then president) were sometimes continued two days under instructors from abroad.
"After this the county superintendent, B. F. Tewksbury, assumed direc- tion of the educational meetings of the county, sometimes calling instructors from abroad, and sometimes relying upon home talent. In 1861, A. N. Bullard being county superintendent, the Teachers' Association was revived and continued during his term of office ; since which the county superin- tendent has at his discretion called meetings from one day to one week in duration, with instructors from this and other counties."
The present superintendent receives a salary of $1200.
B. F. Tewksbury, county superintendent for 1858, then re- ported as follows :-
"Our teachers are improving in their ideas of propriety and taste, with reference to pupils and school-houses. Many decorate their school-rooms with flowers in summer, and with evergreens in winter. Some have induced the proprietors to erect a fence inclosing a tidy little yard in which they have arranged flower-beds, and have also planted with vines and shade trees. In some cases this has been done in admirable taste, enlisting the attention and voluntary labors of the pupils during their spare hours, for weeks together."
HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY.
Tabular Statement, for the School Year ending June 6, 1870. W. C. TILDEN, Sup't for Susquehanna County.
SCHOOLS.
TEACHERS.
SCHOLARS.
Whole Number.
Average No. of
mos. taught.
No. of Males.
No. of Females.
Average Salaries
of Males per
Average Salaries
of Females per
No. of Males.
No. of Females.
Average No. at-
tending Sch'l.
Cost per month.
1. Apolacon .
5
6.
2
7 $39 00 $29 00
112
108
189
.68
2. Ararat
4
5.
2
5
37 00
25 00
79
69
104
.93
3. Auburn
14
5.56
2
12
33 00
32 00
241
181
280
1.00
4. Bridgewater .
15}
5.50
14
39 09
29 22
224
178
274
.76
5. Brooklyn .
10
7.
6
14
34 00
23 50
221
158
296
.78
6. Chapman (Ind.)
2
5.75
4
.
6
35 00
30
130
100
154
.87
8. Clifford
11
6.
6
15
28 00
25 00
190
151
204
.89
9. Dimock
11
5.72
5
16
32 00
27 00
150
90 34
40
1.38
11. Forest Lake
8
5.61
3
2
34 66
26 92
131
104
179
.61
12. Franklin
9
6.
2
9
28 00
26 00
120
108
140
.76
13. Friendsville .
1
7.
35
50
.45
14. Gibson
11
5.72
4
18
44 50
28 25
162
130
191
1.24
15. Great Bend bor'
4
4.
2
2 70
37 00
140
106
190
1.03
16. Great Bend tow'p .
9
6.
3
11
45 00
24 77
175
146
182
1.03
17. Harford
12 7
5.50
17
53 37
30
21 00
237 144
209 149
268
.60
19. Herrick
7
6.
6.
2
13
34 90
28 00
187
141
218
.70
21. Jessup
7
6.67
1
13
32 00
25 00
116
95
159
.91
22. Lathrop
8
7.
3
12
39 00
29 00
150
119
219
.93
23. Lenox .
14
5.84
4
18
32 00
31 50 27 00
293 157
106
1.15
25. Little Meadows bor'
1
6.
1
1
2
13
38 00
29
141
109
1.10
27. Montrose .
6
6.33
2
4
60 50
39 66
164
175
256
1.11
28. New Milford bor'
3
4.60
1
2
3
19
41 00
30 00
257
206
342
.91
30. Oakland1 .
5.
2
5
35 00
26 00
65
53
68|
.65
32. Rush
14
6.
2
11
26 00
24 15
227
180
286 . 5
33. Silver Lake
10
5.80
2
6 32 00
28 50
178
119
214 1.95
34. Springville
10
6.
1
16 34 00
28
202
178
278
.84
35. Susquehanna Dep't
7
10.
1
6 133 33
35 00
208
205
320 .83
36. Thompson
6
5.50
2
7
32 00
24 00
108
97
179
1.08
2723
5.89
71
345 $42 49 $28 54 5294 4322 6898
.93
·
·
·
34 00
126
109
174 1.08
20. Jackson
10
10} 6.
10
· 35
20 83
25
19
149 29 191
.74
26. Middleton
8
5.50
75 00
30 00
89
66
107 1.08
29. New Milford tow'p.
31. Oakland (Ind.)1
1
6.
1
·
The following is from the report of Superintendent Tilden, in the fall of 1872 :-
" Several new houses have been built during the year ; nearly all of these are comfortable and substantial, yet very few can be found in the county
1 Taken from last year's report.
·
·
·
2
.
·
30 00
53
30
40
1.02
7. Choconut
5
4.80
1
193
.85
10. Dundaff
1
7.
32 00
20
225
1.06
18. Harmony
6.61
11
11
217
402
1.04
24. Liberty
14 5
5.
105 1.90
34 00
40
37
2
26 17
28
month.
month.
533
DISTRICTS.
534
HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY.
answering the description of the school department as first-class houses, -neither are grounds found of suitable size and properly improved in but few instances. A great negligence exists in this respect, for the majority have not a shade or ornament, and both sun and storm beat upon house and children, at their play, without hinderance."
The Harford University was purchased by Prof. Charles W. Deans, a native of Bridgewater township, and opened by him as a State institution for the education and maintenance of soldiers' orphans, on the 7th day of November, 1865.
Hon. Thomas H. Burrowes, superintendent of soldiers' or- phans, executed the contract on behalf of the State, in pursuance of a law passed by the legislature at the suggestion of Gov. Curtin.
The institution is conducted under the regulations laid down by the department of soldiers' orphans at Harrisburg.
The number of orders of admission issued from date of organ- ization to June, 1872, have been 410. The number of pupils admitted per order and transfer 366. The number discharged per order, and on arrival at the age of sixteen, 180. The number of deaths have been 11. The number of pupils at present, June 1, 1872, is 170.
The children admitted represent the counties of Wayne, Pike, Monroe, Luzerne, Columbia, Montour, Schuylkill, Center, Tioga, Bradford, Wyoming, Susquehanna, and Sullivan.
In March, 1868, Mr. Deans was called to take charge of a similar institution in Chester County, Pa., since which time Prof. Henry S. Sweet, a native of Harford, has been in charge. Mrs. A. L. Sterling, of Wyoming County, and Mrs. Geo. W. Crandall, of Franklin, Susquehanna County, have been efficient matrons of the school; and Misses Helen M. Williams, E. M. Orvis, Gould, E. Gamble, and Mrs. Redfield, teachers; Charles S. Hal- stead, farmer and steward.
Revs. Edw. Allen and Adam Miller, in christian kindness, have held regular services here for the moral and religious training of the orphans.
Each county has a committee of supervision appointed by the State, whose chairman must approve all applications for admis- sion sent into the department from the county. Hon. L. F. Fitch is chairman for Susquehanna County.
A few notes of one who attended the examination of the sol- diers' orphan school at Harford, in 1870, may be of interest :-
"There are in the school 163 children supported by the State-110 boys and 53 girls-and six supported by their friends. The scholars remain till they are sixteen years of age, when some of them are taken charge of by their friends, and places are provided for others. H. S. Sweet is principal of the school, with four teachers. There are 21 persons employed about the institution-principal, steward, matron, and assistant teachers, two farmers, teamster, baker, shoemaker, two in laundry, sewing superintendent, hospital
535
HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY.
matron, etc. There are 300 acres in the farm, and 50 cows in the dairy. The farm is expected to produce 1000 bushels of oats, 5000 bushels of pota- toes, and other crops in proportion. The boys are divided into three 're- liefs ;' the girls into five ; each 'relief' works two hours one week on some special work, then changes ; thus all learn the different kinds of work taught. There are regular hours for work, drill, study, recreation, and sleep. All look cheerful and healthy. There is very little sickness-not one in the hospital on an average. The children are dressed in uniform-the boys in dark blue jackets, light blue pants, and military caps-the girls in check gingham. The exercises in the school were very creditable. Those in arith- metic, reading, declamation, etc., would do credit to schools of higher pre- tensions. In mental arithmetic they could hardly be excelled.|
" Many, having reached the age of sixteen, are of course discharged, and few new ones are added, so that the orphans' schools will soon be a thing of the past.
" The former buildings of the Franklin Academy, or Harford University, have been supplemented by several others, embracing a chapel in the rear of the main building, a girls' dormitory, a dining hall, and other suitable struc- tures. The grounds have been sodded, and ornamented with flowers, evinc- ing care and culture most commendable."
The following is a part of an address by one of the pupils to his fellow-students on his fifteenth birthday :-
" It is sometimes said that this institution is 'a great, commendable charity!' I hold that ' charity,' as applied to this school, is a shocking misnomer. I protest that we are not charity scholars. We have paid in advance, the highest price for our board, clothing, and tuition, that was ever paid for the same benefits on the continent of America. Each and every pupil of this school has given a father's life for the defence of our national integrity, union, and liberty. And we, enjoying the fostering care of the State, owe it to our- selves, to the memory of our fathers, to the community, to the State and Nation, and to posterity, to make all efforts possible here, to prepare our- selves for the duties that the future may thrust upon us."
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