USA > Pennsylvania > The Biographical encyclopedia of Pennsylvania of the nineteenth century. Pt. 1 > Part 67
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escape some losses. Under his Presidency it has been eminently prosperous, and having adopted the National system, is now regarded as one of the staunchest of the city institutions. Since he has occupied the executive manage- ment of affairs it has doubled its capital, while during the past eight years its dividends have aggregated two hundred per cent., being an average of twenty-five per cent. per an- num. During the Civil War he labored earnestly for the Union cause, and not only donated large amounts from his private means to further the cause, but was enabled by his position in the bank to influence heavy subscriptions to the National loans, that institution alone taking over' a half million-besides disposing of large amounts to private citizens, it being one of the fiscal agents. ' He has also been connected with the Northern Liberties Gas Works for many years, serving as Engineer for seventeen years, and latterly as a Trustee. He was a member of the Board of Directors of the County Insurance Company for some twenty years ; and a Director of Girard College for three years. Originally a member of the Whig party, at its dissolution he united with the Republicans. He was married, Novem- ber 9th, 1842, to Cecilia, daughter of William Fitler, a prominent Whig politician of his day, and has a family of five children, three of them sons, and all engaged in busi- ness. Two of them, William F. and Alfred F., have suc- ceeded him in his business, and are now extensively en- gaged in the manufacture of wire at: 537. China street. His second son, Joseph Moore, Jr., is a member of the firm of William D. Rogers & Co., the extensive and well-known carriage builders of Philadelphia.
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ARRISII, EDWARD, late Professor of Pharmacy in the College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, was born in that city, May 31st, 1822, and was the seventh son of that eminent physician and surgeon, Dr. Joseph Parrish, and Susanna, daughter of John Cox, of Burlington, New Jersey, all members of the Society of Friends. He was educated in the Friends' School in Philadelphia, and there acquired a fair knowledge of the higher branches and the classics. When sixteen years of age he entered as an apprentice to learn the apothecary's art in his brother Dillwyn's store, and paid earnest and faithful attention to his duties and responsibilities, studying the necessary works and attending the different courses of lectures at the College of Pharmacy. In the spring of 1842, he took his degree as " Master of Pharmacy " in that institution. In 1843, he purchased the drug store at the northwest corner of Ninth and Chestnut streets, which was then contiguous to the University of Pennsylvania. Here he remained until 1850. During this period-in 1848-in connection with his assistant, W. W. D. Livermore, he contributed a paper on Collodion, which was the first notice of that preparation, the discoverers at
Boston not having published their process. His proximity to the University brought him in constant contact with medical students and their wants, and this intercourse ex- hibited to him the great disadvantages which young physi- cians experienced in entering on their practice in rural districts without a practical acquaintance with pharmacy. He therefore conceived the idea of a " Practical School," where young men might be taught to prepare the medicines of the Pharmacopcia by actual manipulation, by lectures and examinations. In the autumn of 1849, he issued his Prospectus and commenced with a class of fourteen. Soon after this he removed and entered into business with his brother Dillwyn, at Eighth and Arch streets, where his "school " was better accommodated, and gradually increased in importance. In furtherance of his school, he took a course of practical instruction in analysis in Professor Booth's laboratory, and subsequently attended the lectures of the Department of Medicine in the University of Penn- sylvania. Feeling the need of a text book for his class, he concluded to write one, and, in 1855, published the first edition of an Introduction to Practical Pharmacy, fol- lowed, in 1859 and 1864, by other more extended editions. He had early determined to pursue a scientific career, as- pired to a position in the schools, and was deeply impressed . with a belief in his ability to teach. In 1850, he was a .candidate for the chair of Materia Medica in the College of Pharmacy, but the traditional influence of the idea that it should be filled by a physician led to the election of another. . . In the spring of 1864, on its becoming again vacant, he was elected to the position, where he continued till 1867, when he exchanged chairs with Professor Maisch, and assumed the duties of the Professorship of Practical Pharmacy. In March, 1845, he became a member of the Board of Trustees of the College, and Secretary until 1852. In 1854, he was elected Secretary of the College, and so remained until he entered the Faculty. He was a delegate, in 1860, to the Convention for Revising the Pharmacopaia, and was elected one of three delegates to attend the Phar- maceutical Congress of Paris, but was unable to attend the latter. From 1850 to 1870, he was a member of the Pub- lishing Committee of the College. In 1852, he became a member of the American Pharmaceutical Association, was elected Recording Secretary in 1853, First Vice-President in 1866, and President in 1868. His pen was never idle, being constantly engaged in the production of articles on the ethics of pharmacy, the advantages of education, etc. In 1858, he made a trip to Europe, and published a series of letters, in 1859, in the American Journal of Pharmacy, giving some of the results of his voyage. About this time, also, he published a little book, entitled, The Phantom Bouquet, which treated of the art of skeletonizing leaves and other parts of plants. In 1864, Swarthmore College was incorporated, previous to which date he had been zealously laboring in its cause. He was Secretary of the Board of Managers from December, 1864, to the completion
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of the building, in 1868. At this juncture, he was elected its first President, in which office he continued two years. On the passage of the " Pharmacy Act ". by the State Legis- lature, in 1872, lie was one of the five commissioners ap- pointed by the Mayor of Philadelphia to carry the law into effect. The labor incident to this service had some influence in undermining his health. In August, 1872, he was ap- pointed by the United States Government one of two Com- missioners to settle some difficulties with certain Indian tribes, and in prosecuting this task he became a victim to the malarial fever of the country. He was a consistent member of the Society of Friends, took much interest in various labors connected with it, and was engaged in carry- ing out one of its testimonies when the grim messenger came to him unexpectedly, far away from home and kindred in the western wilderness. He was married, in 184-, to Margaret, daughter of Uriah Hunt, whose death occurred a few months prior to his own. He died September 9th, 1 872, leaving four sons and a daughter.
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ARTSHORNE, JOSEPH, M. D., Physician and Surgeon, was born at Strawberry Hill, Fairfax county, Virginia, December 26th, 1779. His ancestry, on both sides, were of the Society of Friends, and the first of the name to arrive in America from Leicestershire, England, came in the year 1669; another member of the same family, and of the same name, was an associate and adviser of Wi !- liam Penn, as well as one of the Proprietaries with him and the Duke of York in the Province of East Jersey. IIe subsequently became one of the largest land-holders of that section, and the original homestead on the Highlands of Neversink, near Long Branch, is still in possession of lineal descendants of the name, making a tenure extending over two centuries, and through some eight generations. His father, William Hartshorne, moved in youth from the banks of the Raritan to Philadelphia, about the year 1777, where he was educated and married the daughter of Joseph San- ders. Soon after he became a shipping and commission merchant in Alexandria, Virginia, having his residence at Strawberry Hill. He was a gentleman of the old school, and was a friend and neighbor of General Washington, with whom he was associated in the management of the Potomac Improvement Company, being the first internal navigation enterprise ever undertaken in the United States; Washington being the President of the Corporation and himself its Secretary and Treasurer. Up to five years of age his son had been a remarkably active and vigorous child, but about this period, a severe cold supervening upon an attack of the small-pox, induced a violent inflam- matory affection of the feet, which permanently lamed him. He entered the Alexandria Academy as a pupil, and manifested an unusual taste for intellectual pursuits; his the Surgeons of the Pennsylvania Hospital, which brought
infirmity preventing him from indulging in his companions' athletic sports, he naturally betook himself for enjoy- ment to intellectual pursuits. The thoroughness of his academical training showed itself by his elegance of diction and writings, as also by the familiarity with the French and Latin languages, which he retained through life. On leaving school he entered his father's counting- house, where he passed two or three years, and his leisure hours were occupied chiefly in the perusal of medical works, though at that time he had no idea of studying the same. But finding that his lameness would interfere with his suc- cess in business, he finally decided to devote himself to the medical profession. He was persuaded to enter as a student with Dr. Kraick, the well-known surgeon in the American army, and at that time the friend and family physician of Washington, with whom he remained for about two years. Through the influence of his uncle, Samuel Coates, an in- fluential Manager of the Pennsylvania Hospital, he was ap- pointed to fill a vacancy in that institution as resident apprentice and apothecary, which position he assumed July 27th, 1801. Under the tuition of the ablest physicians of the day who guided his reading, and aided by the clinical instruction afforded in the wards of the hospital, especially in surgical anatomy, all of which was supplemented by his attendance on the regular courses of lectures in the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, he graduated therefrom in the spring of 1805. Ile continued in the hospital after gradua- tion as Senior Resident Physician, still prosecuting his studies. During his last year's termi he was in charge of the outside practice, and during this period had collectively seventeen hundred patients under his immediate profes- sional care. The Hospital Library was his especial charge, and he prepared its first catalogue. IIe also found time to prepare and publish the first American edition of Boyer's Treatise on Diseases of the Bones, with notes and addi- tional plates. He also devised an improvement of Boyer's splint for fractured thigh, which, in fact, was a complete remodeling of that apparatus, and which is in use to this day. On leaving the hospital, he effected an engagement as Surgeon and Supercargo of an East Indiaman, and made two voyages to Batavia, being absent, in all, some two years. On his return from his second voyage he settled in Philadelphia and commenced the practice of his pro- fession ; but not meeting at once with the desired success, he became part proprietor of an apothecary store, from which he retired after two or three years of trial, finding that it was a hindrance to his professional calling. Having been the physician of the poor while in the hospital service, these same poor were his earliest patrons, and in process of time were not a little instrumental in bringing him pro- minently before the public. The Irish, especially, who had a high opinion of his skill, he always believed to have had no mean agency in founding for him the extensive practice he afterwards obtained. In IS15, he was elected one of
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him more prominently into notice as a practical surgeon, and his reputation in that branch of the profession steadily increased. In 1820, during the epidemic of yellow fever, and up to 1830, Philadelphia was subjected to various epi- demics. During all these years he had a vast number of patients under his immediate care; 280 cases of fever in a single autumn. In addition to this, he was continually sought for as a consulting physician and surgeon. He re- signed his position in the hospital, in 1821, owing to the extent of his private practice. For over a quarter of a cen- tury he was one of the most laborious and indefatigable of medical advisers, and enjoyed an unusual share of health. In the autumn of 1848, after a consultation held at some distance from the city, he was attacked by chills, and sub- sequently suffered from jaundice, but recovered and was able to bear his part in the cholera epidemic of 1849. In the autumn of that year he had a return of his former mal- ady, with an affection of the liver and a frequent passage of gall stones, but he did not allow his own illness to in- terfere with his duties to his patients; and there is no doubt that his life by these means was shortened. In the sum- mer of 1850, he was taken, at his own request, to Brandy- wine Springs, where he died, August 20th of that year. He was elected a member of the Philadelphia Medical So- ciety in 1805, and was its Treasurer for several years, of the American Philosophical Society in 1815, and of the College of Physicians in 1824. He devised the prepara- tion of opium in vinegar and alcohol, known as Harts- horne's Acetated Tincture of Opium, and was largely in- strumental in calling the attention of physicians in this country to the use of nux vomica in paralysis. He was married, in 1813, to Anna, daughter of Isaac Bonsall of Philadelphia.
EGARGEE, SYLVESTER JACOB, Paper Manu- facturer, was born in Philadelphia county, Sep- tember 14th, 1819. Ilis parents were Jacob and Tacey Megargee. He received a common school education, and on his father's death, which oc- curred when he was about fifteen years of age, commenced work as a calico printer. He continued at this employment for about two years, and was then bound apprentice to a brass-founder. His indentures were shortly afterwards cancelled, and, in 1836, he went to Green county, Illinois, where he was employed by the firm of Pegram, Yates, Rodgers & Co., who were engaged in an extensive trade as general merchants. Here he remained until 1840, in which year he returned to Philadelphia and established himself as a paper merchant. In 1842, he com- menced to manufacture paper, and started a mill, called the " Doe Run " Mill, in Chester county. He continued this business with great success until 1861, two of his brothers being admitted into partnership with him. After his withdrawal from the house, he continued without active exclusively in the interest of manufactures. He has con-
occupation until 1869, when he again connected himself with the firm of Megargee Brothers ; his brother, Theodore, and Patrick Doyle being in partnership with him. He oc- cupies a prominent position in the city of Philadelphia, not only as one of its most successful merchants and manufac- turers, but also on account of the interest which he has al- ways shown in its philanthropic and charitable institutions, with several of which he is intimately connected. He has in an especial manner associated himself with the various institutions for the care of the insane, hokling that these unfortunate persons have the first claim on the sympathies of the community.
ARSED, RICHARD, Cotton Manufacturer, was born in Yorkshire, England, on September 15th, 1819. His parents were natives of the same place, and his father was a joiner by trade. In IS20, the family emigrated to America and settled in Baltimore, Maryland, but removed to Philadel- phia in 1822. His father was a progressive man, and upon his arrival in this country engaged in manufacturing, and became a pioneer in that business. Richard began his manufacturing career as an operator in a mill at New Hope, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, when only eight years of age. In 1830, his father embarked in the manufacture of power looms in Delaware county and he became an apprentice. lIe succeeded to his father's business in 1840, and, in 1842, commenced the manufacture of damask table and piano covers by power looms; this was probably the beginning of the manufacture of articles of this description in Pennsyl- vania, if not in America. IIe removed to Frankford, in IS43, and in partnership with his brother, John, operated the Middlesex Mill in Aramingo; he there extended his operations to the spinning of cotton and other branches of cotton manufacture. He was married, in IS43, to Miss Benton, a daughter of John Benton, an early manufacturer of woollens in Haddington. In 1853, he, in association with his brother, John, erected the Wingohocking Mills. He also owns the Frogmore Mills, and was in the firm of Garsed Brothers until January, 1872. He has taken a very active interest in the introduction of improved machinery into cotton mills, and has been an importer of machinery for twenty-five years. He allows no improvement or inven- tion to escape a fair and critical examination, and none possessing sterling merit has failed to be introduced into his mills, and after standing his tests to be recommended by him to other manufacturers, who rely implicitly upon his experience and mechanical skill. With entire freedom from all mercenary motives, he has labored with com- mendable zeal in this field, and has probably contributed more to the advancement of American manufactures than any man in the United States. He has crossed the Atlantic seventeen times, each voyage, except the first, being made
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tributed many valuable inventions and improvements in | subsequently engaged with his father in the business of machinery for textile manufacture. Between 1837 and 1840, he succeeded in increasing the speed of power looms from eighty picks per minute to one hundred and forty per minute. Ile invented the scroll cam, in 1846; it greatly simplified the power loom, and was almost universally adopted on the sliding cam loom. He invented a loom for weaving seamless bags, in 1848, and exhibited salt bags of this description at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, also at the American Institute in New York, but another person subsequently obtained a patent for a similar adapta- tion and received the fame and profit. IIe has made many other improvements in this department. He possesses re- markable executive ability, and his mills are a model of neatness and system. He has uniformly declined all poli- tical preferment, but has been deeply interested in every important reform movement, and is now a prominent and active member of the Municipal Reform Association. His first vote was cast for IIenry Clay. At one time a consistent Whig he subsequently became a Republican. He was an early member of the Union League, an ardent laborer in the raising of volunteers during the war, and the disburser of the funds furnished for the relief of soldiers' families in the Twenty-third Ward. IIe was the leading agitator upon the subject of horse railways in Philadelphia, and strenu- ously advocated their adoption through the columns of the Inquirer. Upon the organization of the Frankford & Southwark Passenger Railway, which was built during the great financial panic of 1857, and started on January 20th, 1858, he was chosen its President, and continued his efforts until its success was assured. He thus became the first President of the first passenger railway in Philadelphia, except the old Willow Street Railway, constructed with the ordinary T rails. He continued a managing Director of the road until 1866, and was instrumental in having intro- duced upon the Frankford end of the route the dummy invented by Grice & Long. The prime end of his life has been to improve manufactures and establish our real inde- pendence. IIe spares neither time nor expense in carrying out his designs for the best interests of the manufactures of this country.
manufacturing and compounding medicines, under the firm name of E. Parrish & Son. He was elected a member of the College after graduation, and for two years served as Registrar of Pharmaceutical Meetings. In 1873, he was elected President of the Alumni Association, which posi- tion he retained but a few months, being compelled to re- sign by his business engagements increasing very materially and occupying his entire time after the death of his father. The business is not confined to the ordinary preparation of physicians' prescriptions, but extends to a wide range of specialties, prominent among these is what is termed the " chemical food," or compound syrup of the phosphates of which the human system is largely composed. Large quantities of this preparation are exported to England and the Continent. The manufacture of instruments and com- pounders' apparatus is very extensive. A large line of toilet articles, and various flavoring extracts are also pro- duced. Ile thus carries on an extensive business with credit to himself and with honor to the name he bears. Ilis religious faith is that of the Hicksite school of the Friends. In politics, he favors the strict Republican creed. Though but a young man, he has already earned a place in the ranks of steady, industrious and meritorious citizens. Ile was married, in 1872, to Emma Powell of Mount Holly, New Jersey.
ARTSHORNE, HENRY, A. M., M. D., Physi- cian, was born in Philadelphia, on March 16th, I823, and is a son of the late Dr. Joseph Harts- horne, an eminent physician and surgeon of Philadelphia. IIe was thoroughly educated at Haverford College (then Ilaverford School), whence he graduated in 1839 ; and having turned his atten- tion, like his father and elder brother, to the medical pro- fession, after a long and judicious course of study, including the prescribed terms of the University of Pennsylvania, graduated therefrom as M. D. in 1845. He was elected Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the Philadelphia College of Medicine in 1853; and, in June, 1855, the Board of Guardians of the Poor selected him as one of the Con- sulting Physicians and Lecturers on Clinical Medicine in the Philadelphia Hospital. A portion of the years 1858-'59, he travelled in Europe, visited Egypt, and ascended the Nile as far as Thebes. On his return to the United States he was elected, April 27th, 1859, Professor of the Practice of Medicine in the Medical Department of Pennsylvania College, to fill the vacancy occurring by the resignation of Dr. Stille. In the following month of the same year he was chosen Attending Physician of the Episcopal Hospital. Ile was named Professor of Anatomy, Physiology, Natural History and Ilygiene, in 1862, in the Philadelphia Cen- tral High School. In 1866, he was elected to the Pro-
ARRISII, CLEMMONS, Pharmaceutist, was born in Philadelphia, August . Ist, 1848, and is the second son of the late Professor Edward Parrish, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. Ile was well educated in the Friends' Academy of his native city, and, in 1864, was apprenticed to learn the pharmaceutical art practically to the manu- facturing firm of Parrish & Miller, with whom he remained one year, afterwards engaging with his father, under whom he finished his studies and apprenticeship, meanwhile at- tending the lectures at the Philadelphia College of Phar- macy, from which institution he graduated, in ISGS. He Ifessorship of Hygiene in the University of Pennsylvania;
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and was made Professor of Organic Science and Philosophy in Haverford College in 1867. Ile has also held, at dif- ferent times, Professorships in the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, Girard College, and the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania; and, in addition to the hospitals previously named, has also been Attending and Consulting Physician of the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia. Ile has been, and still continues, quite a voluminous author, both scientific and literary. His first production, in 1846, was his graduating thesis, entitled, Water versus Hydro- pathy. Next followed a Monograph on Glycerine and its Uses ; Facts and Conclusions upon Cholera ; Memoranda Medica ; Guide to the Medicine Chest and Family Adviser ; Essay on the Arterial Circulation, being the prize essay of the American Medical Association for 1856. His Essen- tials of the Principles and Practice of Medicine first ap- peared in 1867. Within four years after its original pub- lication two large editions were exhausted; in 1872, a third edition, thoroughly revised, was put forth, and in 1874 a fourth edition appeared. It was most favorably noticed, and highly commended by the ablest medical journals of both Europe and America. The Dublin Medical Press characterizes it as " teaching much and suggesting more; " while the London Lancet remarks that " the sifting process has been judiciously performed, and the power of conden- sation has been carried to the utmost." The American Practitioner terms the volume " a mirror of the daily prac- tice of a sound, conservative, judicious, and experienced physician ; " and the Western Journal of Medicine declares it to be " incomparably in advance of any work of the kind of the past, and will stand long in the future without a rival." In 1869, the first edition of A Conspectus of the Medical Sciences was issued, being hand-books on anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, practical medicine, surgery, and obstetrics. This work was prepared with the aid of collaborators, or experts in some of the special sub- jects entrusted to them. This evinced his admirable fore- thought, as he himself devoted his attention solely to the divisions of anatomy, physiology and practice of medicine. It was also most favorably noticed by the American medi- cal press, the Nashville Medical and Surgical Journal pro- nouncing it to be " incomparably superior to any of its kind in existence." It has since passed to a second edition. IIe also edited, with considerable additions, the last edition of Sir Thomas Watson's Lectures on the Practice of Medi- cine, which task was so well performed as to call forth a very kind and favorable acknowledgment from the distin- guished author of the book, which was communicated in a letter to the publisher, Ilenry C. Lea. For many years he was a very frequent contributor, especially in reviews of niedical works, to the American Journal of the Medical Sciences. He has also written occasionally for the Ameri- can Naturalist. A number of his papers have appeared in the " Transactions of the Philadelphia College of Physi- cians ; " one ( On Organic Physics) in the " Proceedings
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